On June 1, 1950, Margaret Chase Smith delivered a "Declaration of Conscience" against McCarthyism in the Senate Chamber, defending every American's "right to criticize...right to hold unpopular beliefs...right to protest; the right of independent thought." A Republican Senator from Maine, Smith served twenty-four years in the U.S. Senate beginning in 1949, following five terms in the House of Representatives--the first woman to serve in both houses of Congress. At a time when it was unusual for women to serve in Congress, Smith chose not to limit herself to "women's issues," making her mark in foreign policy and military affairs. She established a reputation as a tough legislator on the Senate Armed Services Committee. She also became the first woman to run for president on a major party ticket in 1964. When she left the Senate in 1973, Smith retired to her home in Skowhegan, Maine, where she died in 1995, at the age of 98. In October of 2005, the Senate unveiled a new portrait of Smith.