Publication No. FHWA-RD-01-051
Research, Development, and Technology |
FOREWORD
The proportion of the population over age 65 is growing significantly. Older
road users can be expected to have problems driving and as pedestrians, given
the known changes in their perceptual, cognitive, and psychomotor performances,
presenting many challenges to transportation engineers, who must ensure system
safety while increasing operational efficiency.
This Guidelines and Recommendations document provides practitioners with a condensed source of practical information that links older road user characteristics to highway design, operational, and traffic engineering recommendations by addressing specific roadway features. These Guidelines and Recommendations supplement existing standards and guidelines in the areas of highway geometry, operations, and traffic control devices.
The information in thisdocument should be of interest to highway designers,
traffic engineers, and highway safety specialists involved in the design and
operation of highway facilities. In addition, this document will be of interest
to researchers concerned with issues of older road user safety and mobility.
The rationale and supporting evidence used to develop these recommendations,
summarizing over three decades of highway safety research, is contained in the
Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians, FHWA-RD-01-103.
Copies of this report can be obtained through the FHWA Research and Technology Report Center, 9701 Philadelphia Court, Unit Q, Lanham, Maryland 20706, telephone: (301) 577-0906, fax: (301) 577-1421, or the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia, 22161, telephone: (703) 487-4650, fax: (703) 321-8547.
Michael F. Trentacoste
Director, Office of Safety
Research and Development
NOTICE
This document is disseminated under
the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information
exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents
or use thereof. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or
regulation.
The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade
or manufacturers' names appear herein only because they are considered essential
to the object of this document.
Technical Report Documentation Page
1.
Report No. FHWA-RD-01-051 |
2.
Government Accession No.
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3. Recipient's Catalog No. | ||||
4.
Title and Subtitle GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO ACCOMMODATE OLDER DRIVERS AND PEDESTRIANS |
5.
Report Date May 2001 |
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6.
Performing Organization Code 1495 |
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7.
Author(s) Staplin, L., Lococo, K., Byington, S., and Harkey, D. |
8.
Performing Organization Report No. 1495/FR |
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9.
Performing Organization Name and Address TransAnalytics,
LLC |
10.
Work Unit No. (TRAIS) NCP. No. 3A6a-0042 |
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11.
Contract or Grant No. DTFH61-97-C-00050 |
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12.
Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Office of Safety and Traffic Operations R&D Federal Highway Administration 6300 Georgetown Pike McLean, VA 22101-2296 |
13.
Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report Sept. 1997 - May 2001 |
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14. Sponsoring Agency Code | ||||||
15.
Supplementary Notes COTR: Joseph Moyer, HRDS-07; Elizabeth Alicandri, HSA-20; Kelley Pecheux, HRDS-07/SAIC |
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16.
Abstract This project updated, revised, and expanded the scope of the Older Driver Highway Design Handbook published by FHWA in 1998. Development of the updated Handbook (FHWA-RD-01-103) was complemented by a technology transfer initiative to make practitioners aware of the Handbook and assist in applying its recommendations. This included the development of a condensed document presenting recommendations and implementation guidelines only; plus printed and electronic materials supporting the conduct of practitioner workshops throughout the U.S. in the 1999-2001 period. Consistent with the full Handbook, this Guidelines and Recommendations document incorporates new research findings and technical developments; and extensive feedback from state, county, and municipal engineers who reviewed and applied recommendations from the 1998 publication. Guidance on how and when to implement the included recommendations is included, as well as codes which indicate at a glance the relationship of each recommendation with standard design manuals including the MUTCD and the AASHTO Green Book. All research products developed under this contract are designed to provide practical guidance to engineers to accommodate the needs and functional limitations of an aging population of road users. Included recommendations are directed toward new construction, reconstruction, scheduled maintenance, and 'spot treatments' to ameliorate demonstrated safety problems, emphasizing countermeasures with modest additional cost during installation and the potential for cost savings over the life cycle. |
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17.
Key Words Safety, Highway Design, Highway Operations, Driver Age, Driver Performance, Human Factors, Vision, Attention, Perception, Cognition, Memory, Physical Ability, Risk Perception, Hazard Perception. |
18.
Distribution Statement No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161. |
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19.
Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified |
20.
Security Classif. (of this page) Unclassified |
21.
No. of Pages 86 |
22. Price |
Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) | Reproduction of completed page authorized |
Approximate Conversions to SI Units | ||||
Symbol | When You Know | Multiply By | To Find | Symbol |
Length |
||||
in | inches | 25.4 | millimeters | mm |
ft | feet | 0.305 | meters | m |
yd | yards | 0.914 | meters | m |
mi | miles | 1.61 | kilometers | km |
Area |
||||
in2 | square inches | 645.2 | square millimeters | mm2 |
ft2 | square feet | 0.093 | square meters | m2 |
yd2 | square yards | 0.836 | square meters | m2 |
ac | acres | 0.405 | hectares | ha |
mi2 | square miles | 2.59 | square kilometers | km2 |
Volume |
||||
fl oz | fluid ounces | 29.57 | milliliters | ml |
gal | gallons | 3.785 | liters | l |
ft3 | cubic feet | 0.028 | cubic meters | m3 |
yd3 | cubic yards | 0.765 | cubic meters | m3 |
Mass |
||||
oz | ounces | 28.35 | grams | g |
lb | pounds | 0.454 | kilograms | kg |
T | short tons (2000 lbs) | 0.907 | megagrams | Mg |
Temperature
(exact) |
||||
°F | Fahrenheit | 5(F-32)/9 | Celsius | °C |
temperature | or (F-32)/1.8 | temperature | ||
Illumination |
||||
fc | foot-candles | 10.76 | lux | lx |
fl | foot-Lamberts | 3.426 | candela/m2 | cd/m2 |
Force
and Pressure or Stress |
||||
lbf | pound-force | 4.45 | newtons | N |
psi | pound-force per square inch |
6.89 | kilopascals | kPa |
Section
RELATING RECOMMENDATIONS TO STANDARD DESIGN GUIDES
INTERPRETING HANDBOOK GRAPHICS
RECOMMENDATIONS
CONSTRUCTION/WORK ZONES
Background and
Scope of Handbook Recommendations
Recommendations
by Design Element
AGING AND DRIVER CAPABILITIES
DRIVER LICENSE RENEWAL REQUIREMENTS
MEASURING THE VISIBILITY OF HIGHWAY TREATMENTS
Table of Contents | Introduction
| How to Use This Handbook | Chapter
I | Chapter II | Chapter
III | Chapter IV | Chapter
V | Technical Notes | References
| PDF Version
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