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A Country Study: Finland
Library of Congress Call Number
DL1012 .A74 1990
Finland
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Preface
Country Profile
Country
Geography
Society
Economy
Transportation and Communications
Government and Politics
National Security
Introduction
Chapter 1 - Historical Setting
(Paul Rood)
Origins of the Finns
The Era of Swedish Rule, c. 1150-1809
Medieval Society and Economy
The Kalmar Union
The Reformation
Finland and the Swedish Empire
The Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, 1809-1917
The Rise of Finnish Nationalism
Social and Economic Developments
The Era of Russification
Independence and the Interwar Era, 1917-39
The Finnish Civil War
The Establishment of Finnish Democracy
Finnish Security Policy Between the Wars
World War II, 1939-45
The Winter War
The Continuation War
The Lapland War
The Effects of the War
The Postwar Era
The Cold War and the Treaty of 1948
Domestic Developments and Foreign Politics, 1948-66
Finland in the Era of Consensus, 1966-81
Chapter 2 - The Society and Its Environment
(Eric Solsten)
Geography
Size, External Boundaries, and Geology
Landform Regions
Climate
Demography
External Migration
Internal Migration
Urbanization
Social Structure
Occupational and Wage Structure
Class Structure
Family Life
Marriage
Status of Women
Minority Groups
Lapps
Swedish-speaking Finns
Gypsies
Jewish and Muslim Communities
Religion
Role of Religion
Lutheran Church of Finland
Revivalist Movements Within the Lutheran Church
Organization and Duties of the Lutheran Church
Orthodox Church of Finland
Smaller Registered Churches
Education
Primary and Secondary Education
Higher Education
Adult Education
Public Welfare
Growth of the Social Welfare System
Organization of the Welfare System
Income Security Programs Classified as Social Insurance
National Pension Plan
Employee Pension Plans
Sickness Insurance
Unemployment Insurance
Workmen's Compensation
Income Security Classified as Welfare
Family Aid
Welfare Services
Child-Care Services
Services for the Disabled
Services for Substance Abusers
Health System
Development of the Health System
Organization of the Health System
Health Problems
Living Conditions
Protection of the Environment
Housing
Chapter 3 - The Economy
(Paul M. Pitman III)
Growth and Structure of the Economy
Economic Development
Structure of the Economy
Role of Government
Macroeconomic Policy
Public Finance
Human Resources
Employment
Industrial Relations
Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries
Agriculture
Farms and Farmers
Agricultural Policy
Farm Production Patterns
Forestry
Fisheries
Energy and Mineral Resources
Energy
Minerals
Industry
Industrial Policy
Wood-Processing Industries
Metal Industries
Basic Metals
Machine Building
Transport Equipment
Electrical Equipment and High Technology
Other Industries
Services
Banking and Finance
Transportation and Communications
Tourism
Foreign Economic Relations
Foreign Trade
Finnish Direct Investment Abroad
Balance of Payments
Regional Economic Integration
Ties to West European Markets
Finnish-Soviet Cooperation
Chapter 4 - Government and Politics
(Eric Solsten)
Constitutional Framework
Constitutional Development
The Constitution
Governmental institutions
Legislature
President
Council of State
Legal System
Civil Service
Provincial Administration
Local Administration
Electoral System
Aland Islands
Political Dynamics
The Social Democratic Party
The Center Party
The National Coalition Party
The Communist Party of Finland
The Swedish People's Party
Smaller Parties and the Greens
Interest Groups
The Presidential Election of 1982 and Koivisto's Presidency
The Parliamentary Election of 1983
The Parliamentary Election of 1987
The Presidential Election of 1988
Mass Media
Foreign Relations
Neutrality
Soviet Union
Nordic Europe
Western Europe
United States
United Nations and Third World
Chapter 5 - National Security
(Jean R. Tartter)
Military Heritage
Treaty Commitments Affecting National Security
Geostrategic Situation
Concepts of National Security
The Armed Forces
Command Structure
Army
Navy
Air Force
Conscription and Reserve Duty
Training and Education
Uniforms and Insignia
Conditions of Service
Defense Spending
The Armed Forces in National Life
United Nations Peacekeeping Activities
Sources of Equipment
Arms Acquisitions from Foreign Suppliers
Domestic Arms Production
Civil Defense
Public Order and Security
Police Organization
Central Criminal Police
Mobile Police
Security Police
Police Training
Frontier Guard
Criminal Justice System
Principles of Criminal Justice
Criminal Courts
Incidence of Crime
Sentencing and Punishment
Drug Enforcement
Appendices
Appendix A. Tables
Appendix B. Treaty
Bibliography
Glossary
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