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1993 - 2003
AWIC Resource Series No. 27 - May
2004
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An Introduction to the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
General introductory
comments:
If someone mentions the name Ling
Ling and Hsing Hsing, most of us in the
Although we knew pandas were rare in the wild, most of didn’t realize how fragile their existence as wild creatures really was. Their habitat in the mountain bamboo forests of China is threatened by human activity of all sorts—farming, logging, poaching, removal of individuals for collections, breaking up of contiguous forests into a patchwork of plots, loss of their favorite bamboo species, exposure to new diseases, etc. Today their numbers are probably only around 1000. They are considered one of the most endangered species on Earth.
There are many efforts on the part
of wildlife biologists, zoos and governmental conservation programs to ensure
that the giant panda will continue to exist as a wild creature. Many of them are reflected in the scientific
literature that forms the basis of this information resource on these creatures.
Research is being performed to help us understand panda physiology,
behavior, dietary requirements, habitat requirements, communication, reproduction,
how best to protect their habitat, the roll that captive individuals (both
in
There are some basic questions that most of us have about giant pandas: How unique are they? Where do they fit into the animal world taxonomically? What sort of habitat do they prefer and where is it? How do they behave and communicate with each other?
Taxonomy:
Giant pandas, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, are currently considered to be the most primitive member of the bear family—Ursidae—and have been placed in their own sub-family. However, work is still being done to determine via genetic analysis who the closest family members are, so accepted taxonomy may change.
Habitat:
Giant pandas have the smallest range
of all the bears. They are found in
the Tibetan Plateau of Southwestern China.
They live in mountain ranges that have large areas of bamboo forests
at elevations of between 4,000-12,000 feet.
Since bamboo is the basis of most of the animal’s diet, they are limited
to environments where bamboo is plentiful.
They are also easily disturbed by the presence of humans. They tend to be solitary with a home range of
2-3 miles. Males and females may overlap
home ranges, but males do not overlap ranges with other males. Currently there
are only about 6 small populations with a total of about 1000 animals.
General characteristics:
Morphologically, bears have large heads, forward facing eyes, and rounded ears. They have crushing molars and long canines. Pandas have very flattened molars due to their vegetarian diet. Adults can measure 5½-6 feet in length and weigh 175-280 lbs.
Pandas are unique by having what is essentially a 6th toe on the front paws. This toe acts like our thumb and allows them to manipulate small objects.
They are crepuscular—meaning they are most active in the early evening and the early morning.
Most bears have a delayed implantation of fertilized eggs. Those species in cold climates usually have a short mating season once a year. Pandas mate during a 1-2 week period in the spring and deliver 1-3 very tiny cubs in late summer. The mother will only raise one cub and the others will die. The surviving cub will be weaned at 9 months and will stay with the mother for about 1½ years.
Communication between pandas is by scent marking and vocalization. The males mark out their territory by marking trees, and other objects with their unique uroanogenital scents. It is often placed high up on tree trunks while standing on their “hands.” Through chemical analysis, scientists have found that the chemical mixtures used in communication are unique to individual animals. The height of the scent placement may also tell males how large the resident male is.
Pandas and society:
There is
little in ancient Chinese literature or art regarding the giant panda. An emperor of the Han Dynasty (206BCE-24CE)
had one in an animal collection. In
the Tang Dynasty (618-907) two live pandas were sent to
The first
glimpse of these animals was when Pere Armand David,
a French missionary, sent a specimen back to the Paris Museum of Natural History
in the late 1800’s. Live pandas were
not seen again until 1916. During the
big game hunter period, two of Teddy Roosevelt’s sons went to
After the
formation of the People’s Republic of
Concerns about survival:
Since there are only about 1000 animals in the wild, it has become the goal of zoo captive programs to breed and raise individuals for release into wild populations. This does not seem to be working very well with this species. According to the information in Grizmeks ( v. 12, 224) about 140 animals are currently in a captive status. 226 animals were born to captive mothers between 1963 and 1998. Only 52% of them have survived longer than 1 month. To date, not one individual from these captive populations has reached reproductive status. Therefore, it is unlikely that the captive programs will have greater success in the near future with these reproductively complex and fragile animals.
The best
hope for pandas is the protection of them in their habitats, better management
of the activities in the habitats, ensuring that the panda’s favorite bamboo
species are healthy, reducing habitat fragmentation, reducing the level of
interactions with humans in the prime habitats, and keeping diseases such
as dog distemper virus out of the populations, etc.
It is hoped that conservation efforts will enable the giant panda to survive in the wild environment of their homeland. With the lessons learned in keeping these rare creatures from extinction, we may discover how to provide the proper stewardship for other rare creatures both in the wild and in captive situations.
It is with these hopes in mind, that the compiler dedicates this document to those interesting, lovable, attention getting, and playful animals we know as the giant panda. May there continue to be wild pandas living life as they have evolved to live it--in their mountain forest of bamboo.
References used:
1. Lumpkin, Susan and John Seidensticker. Smithsonian Book of Giant Pandas.
NAL call no: QL737.C214L86 2002
2. Grzimek, Bernhard. Other authors Neil Schlager, Donna Olendorf, and Melissa
McDade. Grzimeks Animal Life Encyclopedia. 2nd ed . 2003.
NAL call no: QL7.G7813 2003
Selected WWW resources
The five websites listed below are on the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), some CITES related documents specific to the Giant Panda.
http://www.cites.org “The third generation of the CITES website was
officially launched on
http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/treaty.html#CITES The site on the Convention on International
Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is produced and
maintained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service International division. There is a full text summary section of the
25 articles of the law. There are also
sections listing party and non-party countries, the species currently under
CITES protection,
http://www.fws.gov/international
This links to the full text of the
Giant Panda Species Survival Plan: http://www.nagonline.net/Fact%20Sheet%20pdf/AZA%20-%20Giant%20Panda%20Species%20Survival%20Plan.pdf
The website contains the text of "Giant Panda 98 Fact Sheet with the date 9/1/98". Species Survival Plan for giant pandas that was developed by the American Zoo and Aquarium Association with other organizations. Dr. Donald G. Lindburg is the author and the Species Survival Plan coordinator.
The website contains the Species Survival Plan for giant pandas that was developed by the American Zoo and Aquarium Association with other organizations. The “plan is a coordinated effort in breeding, genetic management, and scientific studies.” The site also has information about pandas, their care and management in captivity, and a number of links to zoo with pandas. There is also a section on news and information of interest.
About this Document
There have been a number of decisions
made regarding the topics that are included in this publication. In most cases,
the topics are related to the whole animal: biology, behavior, nutrition,
feeds, reproductive physiology and the birth process, breeding and genetics,
diseases, disease organisms, external and internal parasites, hand rearing,
veterinary care, etc. Since there is
a very concerted effort to house, breed and raise these animals in a variety
of captive situations, you will find numerous papers on that topic. Although
the papers selected are mostly related to the biology and husbandry/care of
the panda, there are also papers on the economics and sociological aspects
related to panda conservation efforts and natural reserves and the role of
pandas in the lives of the local people.
The information in this document was
extracted primarily from a variety of resources and is quite comprehensive.
The published sources of most of the
information include: journal articles,
books, book chapters, conference papers, and reports. Abstracts are included when available. Some credible
World Wide Web resources are also listed. All references for materials in
the National Agricultural Library (NAL) collection include the NAL call number
for ease when requesting photocopies or interlibrary loans. Please go to http://www.nal.usda.gov/services/request.shtml for lending
and document delivery information.
The bibliographic
citation section of the document is organized by subject areas and further
arranged chronologically by publication year and then alphabetically by author
within each year. There is not an index. It is expected that by searching with key words,
the user will find what is of interest. Although
much of the information is in English there is a significant amount of this
material in Chinese. All translated
titles are in []’s. References include
materials published from 1993-2003. Also see the earlier publication
by K. Kenyon, The Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): A Bibliography 1936-1994 http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/zoo/panda.pdf
The compiler welcomes additional information
from other sources for inclusion as well as any comments or suggestions. Since
it is desirable to have a comprehensive resource of information on these animals,
collaborators are also welcome. If you have or know of science-based information
that would enhance this publication, please contact the compiler. Note that any information submitted must include
important elements of identification and access i.e. author, year, publication
information, title, accessibility, etc.
Please send your comments, information, or suggestions -- Contact us
2003
Endo, Hideki; Taru, Hajime; Yamamoto, Masako; Arishima,
Kazuyoshi; Sasaki, Motoki. Comparative morphology of the
muscles of mastication in the giant panda and the Asiatic black bear.
Annals of Anatomy. 2003, 185(3): 287-292. ISSN: 0940-9602
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, Asiatic black bear, Ursus
thibetanus, skull characteristics, muscles of mastication weights, macroscopically
observation, differences, zygomatic width, pterygoid muscles, lateral slips,
masseter muscle, relationships to food sources.
2002
Nash, W.G.; Menninger, J.C.; Wienberg, J.; Padilla-Nash,
H.M.; O'Brien, S.J. The pattern of phylogenomic
evolution of the Canidae. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics.
2002; 95(3-4): 210-224. ISSN: 0301-0171
NAL call no: 442.8 C992
Descriptors: Canidae, phylogeny, genetic relationships, chromosomes,
chromosome composition and homology, phylogenomic evolutionary pattern implications,
chromosome structure, phylogenomic evolutionary pattern, karyotypes.
Wang, Xiao Jing; Wang, Xiao Xing; Wang, Ya Jun;
Wang, Xi Zhong; He, Guang Xin; Chen, Hong Wei; Fei, Li Song. Molecular
cloning of the DNA sequence of Activin [beta]A subunit gene mature peptides
from panda and related species and its application in the research of phylogeny
and taxonomy. Acta Genetica Sinica. 2002 Sep;
29(9): 782-786. ISSN: 0379-4172. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: phylogeny analysis, PHYLIP software, phylogeny
tree, Ailurus fulgens, red panda,
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant panda, Helarctos malayanus, Malayan sun bear, nucleic acids, molecular genetics,
phylogenetic and systematic significance, Activin-[beta]A DNA sequences, giant
panda should be in the bear family (Uersidae), red panda should be its own
family.
2001
Nash, W.G.; Menninger, J.C.; Wienberg, J.; Padilla-Nash,
H.M.; O' Brien, S.J. The pattern of phylogenomic
evolution of the Canidae.
Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics.
2001, 95(3-4): 210-224. ISSN:
0301-0171
NAL call no: 442.8 C992
Descriptors: Zoo FISH, chromosomal painting, flow-sorting
chromosomes, Japanese raccoon dog, Nyctereutes
procyonoides, arctic fox, Alopex
lagopus, crab-eating fox, Cerdocyon
thous, domestic cat, Felis catus,
representative of the ancestral carnivore karyotype (ACK), and giant panda,
Ailuropoda melanoleuca.
2000
Urashima, T.; Saito, T.; Nakamura, T.; Arai, I. [Phylogenetic development of milk oligosaccharides, especially in the
Ursidae and the related species in Carnivora.] Symposium 2000. Milk Science.
2000, 49(3): 195-202. ISSN: 1343-0289
Note: In Japanese.
Descriptors: mammal milk comparisons, brown bear milk, polar
bear milk, seal milk, panda milk, walrus milk, oligosaccharides, chromatographic
analysis.
1999
Wang,
Ya Jun; Yang, Yu Hua; Wang, Xi Zhong; Chen, Hong Wei; He, Guang Xin; Fei,
Li Song; Song, Yun Fang; Yang, Yun; Yu, Gang. [A comparative study of banded chromosomes
of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
and black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus).] Acta Genetica Sinica. 1999; 26(4): 309-314. ISSN:
0379-4172. Note: In Chinese with a
Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, Selenarctos thibetanus,
chromosome banding patterns, late replication patterns, comparison study,
evolutionary implications, species divergence.
1998
Lan, Hong; Wang, Wen. Phylogenetic relationships among giant panda and related species based
on restriction site variations in rDNA spacers. Zoological Research. 1998 Oct; 19(5): 337-343. ISSN: 0254-5853.
Note:
In English with a Chinese summary.
Descriptors: Arctoidea, Felis lynx, nucleic acids, molecular genetics, phylogeny, phylogenetic
relationships, biochemical variation, rDNA restriction maps, species comparisons,
phylogenetic-implications; red panda, Ailurus fulgens, racoon, Procyon
lotor, giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
Helarctos malayanus, Selenarctos
thibetanus.
1997
Lin,
Feng; Yang, Yu Hua; Zhang, Yiz Heng; Chen, Hong Wei; Fei, Li Song; Song, Yun
Fang; He, Guang Xi; Zhang, An Ju. A preliminary study on the taxonomy position of giant panda using RAPD.
Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1997; 17(3): 161-164. ISSN: 1000-1050.
Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and
an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, nucleic acids, DNA fragment, analysis and comparisons, taxonomic
position.
1996
Ledje, C.; Arnason, U. Phylogenetic
analyses of complete cytochrome b genes of the order Carnivora with particular
emphasis on the Caniformia. Journal of Molecular Evolution Feb 1996.
42(2): 135-144. ISSN: 0022-2844
NAL
call no: QH359.J6
Descriptors:
dogs, cats, bears, pandas, carnivores, mammals, mitochondrial DNA, structural
genes, cytochrome B, nucleotide sequences, phylogeny, chemotaxonomy.
Abstract: The evolutionary relationships among the Carnivora
were studied in a phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mitochondrial
cytochrome b gene. The study, which addressed primarily the relationships
among the Caniformia, included 4 feliform and 26 caniform species, with 9
pinnipeds. The analysis identified five caniform clades: Canidae, Ailuridae
(with the monotypic lesser panda), Musteloidea (Mustelidae + Procyonidae),
Ursidae (including the giant panda), and Pinnipedia. The closest relatives
of the Pinnipedia among terrestrial caniforms were not identified conclusively.
Our analysis shows that the skunks are only distantly related to remaining
mustelids (Mustelidae sensu stricto) and that the family Mustelidae, including
the skunks, is paraphyletic. The relationship among the five caniform clades
was unresolved, suggesting an evolutionary separation within a relatively
short period of time. Based on distance values, we propose that this primary
diversification took place approximately 45 million years ago.
Tougard, Christelle; Chaimanee, Yaowalak; Suteethorn,
Varavudh; Triamwichanon, Somchai; Jaeger, Jean Jacques. Extension of the geographic
distribution of the giant panda (Ailuropoda) and search for the reasons for
its progressive disappearance in
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca baconi, paleontology,
Pleistocene distribution and range, climate and weather changes, range contraction
relations, Oriental region, Thailand Chaiyaphum, Kon San, Thum Wiman Nakin
cave, fossil records, first record for Thailand, zoogeographical significance,
possible explanations.
1994
Gittleman,
John L. Are pandas successful specialists or evolutionary
failures? Bioscience. 1994 July-August; 44(7): 456-464. ISSN: 0006-3568.
NAL
call no: 500 AM322A
Descriptors:
Ailurus fulgens, red panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant panda, adaptation,
conservation measures, phylogeny implications, divergence, a review.
1993
Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Otaka, Eiko; Adachi, Jun; Mizuta,
Keiko; Hasegawa, Masami. The giant
panda is closer to a bear, judged by [alpha]- and
[beta]-hemoglobin sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution.
1993 March; 36(3): 282-289. ISSN: 0022-2844.
NAL
call no: QH359.J6
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, taxonomy, beta hemoglobin sequences, proteins, amino acids,
phylogenetic analysis of alpha and beta hemoglobin, phylogenetic relationships
between panda and bears.
Huang,
Wan
NAL
call no: QE841.K8
Descriptors: Ursidae, Ailuropoda,
Ailurarctos, Ursus, Pleistocene, evolution and skull morphology, measurements,
differences, comparisons, dentition, mandibles, China.
O'Brien,
Stephen J. Fuzzy thinking about the
giant panda's ancestry. In:
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, evolutionary adaptation, phylogeny, closest genetic relatives.
Pan, Wen Shi; Lu, Zhi. The giant panda. In:
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, population distribution, biology, life history, diets, habitats,
Wang, Ren Fei; et al. [The skeleton of the giant panda in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, skeleton record,
2003
Chen,You Ping; et al. [Surveillance on giant panda habitats in Wanglang Nature Reserve,
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Wanglang Nature
Reserve, habitats surveillance and analysis.
Li, Yun; Ren, Yi; Jia, Hui. [The taxonomic studies on the bamboo as the main food of giant panda
from
NAL
call no: QK1.H75
Descriptors: 4 genera, wild bamboo, food sources for pandas,
Bashania fargesii, Fargesia qinlingensis,
Fargesia dracocephala,
Indocalamus latifolius,
Chimonobambusa angustifolia,
Phyllostachys sulphurea.
Loucks, C.J.; Lu, Zhi; Dinerstein, E.; Wang, Da Jun; Fu,
Da Li; Wang, Hao; The giant pandas of the Qinling
Mountains, China: a case study in designing conservation landscapes for elevational migrants. Conservation Biology. 2003, 17(2):
558-565. ISSN: 0888-8892. Note:
In English with a Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: QH75.A1C5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered species, 24 montane
forest areas, refuge has 220 pandas, elevational
migrants, nature reserves, linkages between habitat blocks, outlook for long
term survival of the species in the wild, Shaanxi
Province, China.
Lu, Yihe; Chen, Liding; Fu, Bojie; Liu, Shiliang. A framework for evaluating the effectiveness
of protected areas: The case of Wolong Biosphere
Reserve. Landscape
and Urban Planning. 2003 15 May; 63(4): 213-223. ISSN: 0169-2046
NAL
call no: QH75.A1L32
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, Wolong
Biosphere Reserve, operational framework for conservation, effectiveness of
reserve,
Zeng, Tao; Ran, Jiang Hong;
Liu, Shao Ying; Sun, Zhi
Yu; Liu, Shi Chang; Zeng, Zong
Yong. [Habitat exploitation by panda in the Baihe Nature Reserve.] Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental
Biology. 2003; 9(4): 405-408; Serial No 44. ISSN: 1006-687X. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH301.Y56
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, habitat usage, route method, sampling spots,
droppings spots, gnawing spots, preferred locations, elevations, water resources,
Fargesia nitida, bamboo
forests, areas with no human disturbance, Baihe
Nature Reserve,
2002
An,
L.; Lupi, F; Liu, J.G.; Linderman,
M.A.; Huang, JinYan Modeling
the choice to switch from fuelwood to electricity
implications for giant panda habitat conservation. Ecological Economics. 2002, 42(3): 445-457. ISSN: 0921-8009
NAL
call no: QH540.E26
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, biodiversity of habitat concerns, electrical
energy, fuelwood, environmental impact, panda habitats,
human activity, conservation, Wolong Nature Reserve,
habitat loss, sociological study of choices for cooking and heating, China.
Chen, Yong Hong; Guo,
Jian; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, censusing techniques,
population studies, accuracy determination, cluster analysis, bite site of
panda faces, Yele Natural Reserve,
Guo, Jian; Chen, Yong Hong;
Zhang, Hong De; Chen, Guo Zhong;
Hu, Jin Chu; Wu, Yi; A mathematical
model for the population of giant pandas and bamboo in Yele Nature Reserve of Xiangling
Mountains. Journal for Nature Conservation.
2002, 10(2): 69-74. ISSN: 1617-1381
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, mathematical model, relationship between
panda populations and bamboo Bashania spanostachya collapse, food sources, Yele Nature Reserve,
Guo, Jian; Chen, Yong Hong; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, population genetics,
population dynamics,
Hu, Jie; Li, Yan Hong; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population size trends, forest habitat preference,
Kontoleon, A.; Swanson, T.; Wang, Qi Wen; Xuejun,
Q; Yang, C; Pearce, D (ed.); Pearce, C (ed.); Palmer, C. Optimal
ecotourism: the economic value of the giant panda in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, tourist value, ecotourism development, Wolong Reserve, willing to pay, carrying-capacity, contingent
valuation, demand, nature reserves, returns on investment, China.
Liu,
Xue Hua; Skidmore, Andrew
K.; Wang, Tie Jun; Yong, Yange; Prins,
Herbert H.T. Giant panda movements
in Foping Nature Reserve, China. Journal of Wildlife Management. 2002 October; 66(4): 1179-1188.
ISSN: 0022-541X
NAL
call no: 410 J827
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, field study, radio tracking data, behavior
and movement patterns within habitat, seasonal ranges, winter range below
1,950 m, summer range above 2,150m, conservation planning, Foping
Nature Reserve, China.
Lu,
Zhi. Giant
Pandas in the Wild: Saving an Endangered Species.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation of endangered
species, comprehensive works, distribution, biology and conservation, comprehensive
account,
Lumpkin, Susan; Seidensticker,
John.
Smithsonian Book of
Giant Pandas. Washington
[D.C.]: Smithsonian Institution Press, c2002. xiii,
206 p.: col. ill. ISBN: 1588340384
NAL
call no: QL737.C214 L86 2002
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant panda, endangered species, wildlife
conservation, biology, habitat, life history, interactions between animals
and humans, zoos.
Ran, Jiang Hong; et al.
[Main associated animals in giant panda
habitat in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, comprehensive zoology, mountain habitat,
fauna associated with habitat, endangered pandas,
Shen, Guo Zhen; Li, Jun Qing; Ren, Yan Lin; Ma, Yu Fei. [Indicators
for giant panda's habitat degradation and restoration.] Journal of
NAL
call no: SD221.P45
Descriptors: Abies, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Picea, topography, altitude, slope grade, aspect, bamboos,
botanical composition, forest canopy, forest trees, habitat destruction indicators,
natural and wildlife conservation, plant communities, plant heights, restoration,
reallocation and rehabilitation, shrubs, stand density,
Wang, Hao; Li, Sonn Gang; Pan, Wen Shi. Population viability analysis
of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered status,
Zhang, Ying Yi; Wang, Hao;
Wang, Da Jun; Zhu, Xiao Jian. Feeding behavior of wild giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, wild animals, feeding behavior, bamboo,
Zeng, Zong Yong; Yue, Bi Song; Ran, Jiang Hong; Liu,
Shao Ying; Chen, You Ping; Jiang,
Shi Wei. Panda's exploitation of habitats at the Wanglang Nature Reserve.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, animal behavior, habitat utilization, behavior
patterns, effects of human activities, Wanglang
Nature Reserve, nature reserve, montane forests
habitat,
2001
An,
L.; Liu, J.G.; Ouyang, Zhi
Yun; Linderman, M.; Zhou, Shi Qiang; Zhang, He Min.
Simulating demographic and socioeconomic processes on household level and
implications for giant panda habitats. Ecological Modelling. 2001, 140(1-2): 31-49. ISSN: 0304-3800
NAL
call no: QH541.15.M3E25
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, demography, fuel consumption, fuelwood, habitats, nature reserves, simulation models, socioeconomics,
wildlife conservation,
Cai, Xu Shen. Superfical [Superficial] view on reasons
why giant panda becoming rare and in imminent danger.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered status, comment.
Guo, Ji An; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, abundance and distribution of feces, indicators
of population density, habitat utilization, new methods of temporary spatial
distribution plots, 8 individuals, Yele Natural
Reserve,
Li, Zhao Hua; Denich, M. An approach on the survivorship of giant panda in wild. Journal of Forestry Research. 2001, 12(1): 59-62. ISSN: 1007-662X
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population declines, natural habitat destruction,
catching and poaching, bamboo flowering, conservation, possible reintroduction,
Liu,
J.; Linderman, M.; Ouyang,
Z.; An, L.; Yang, J.; Zhang, H. Ecological degradation in protected
areas: the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for giant
pandas. Science. (
NAL
call no: 470 SCI2
Descriptors: nature reserves, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation concerns, endangered
species, environmental degradation,
Abstract: It is generally perceived that biodiversity
is better protected from human activities after an area is designated as a
protected area. However, we found that this common perception was not true
in Wolong Nature Reserve (southwestern
Liu,
Xue Hua. Mapping
and Modelling the Habitat of Giant Pandas in Foping Nature
Descriptors: mapping habit, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, remote sensing data, digital
terrain data, radio tracking data, field survey plot data, GIS, panda movement,
habitat use, woody plant species richness and spatial structure of tree and
bamboo layers, environmental factors, elevation, slope gradient, aspect, China.
Loucks, C.J.; Lu Zhi; Dinerstein, E; Wang, Ha O.; Olson, D.M.; Zhu, Chunquan; Wang, Da Jun. Giant pandas in a changing landscape. Science (Washington.) 2001, 294(5546): 1465.
ISSN: 0036-8075.
NAL
call no: 470 SCI2
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered species, mountain habitats, Qinling mountains, landscape and
habitat protection, wildlife conservation,
Abstract: This paper presents the
situation of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the changing landscape of
2000
Guo, Jian; Hu, Jin
NAL
call no: SD85.N3
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, food source analysis, bamboo, Fargesia forax, Fargesia dulcicula, Fargesia exposixa, Yushania tineloata, Y. lineolata, Bashania spanostachya, availability of food,
Hu, Jie; Hu, Jin
NAL
call no: QL1.T85
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, selection and utilization, bamboo, Fargesia nitida, Huanglongsi Reserve compared to other locations, age of shoots,
seasonal variation, bamboo choice varies with location, wild animals,
Wei, Fu
Wen; Wang, Zu Wang; Feng, Zuo Jian. Energy flow through populations
of giant pandas and red pandas in Yele Natural Reserve.
Acta Zoologica Sinica. 2000 Sept; 46(3): 287-294. ISSN: 0001-7302. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Ailurus fulgens, comparison study, bamboo resources, Bashania sapnostachya,
energy flow analysis, food availability, population comparisons, Yele Natural Reserve,
1999
Carter, J.; Ackleh, A.S.;
Leonard, B.P.; Wang, Hai Bin. Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
population dynamics and bamboo (subfamily Bambusoideae)
life history: a structured population approach to examining carrying capacity
when the prey are semelparous.
Ecological Modelling. 1999, 123(2-3): 207-223. ISSN: 0304-3800
NAL
call no: QH541.15.M3E25
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, life history, population dynamics, biomass,
starvation concerns, mathematical models for carrying capacity of forage,
bamboos, natural resources, populations, implication for panda conservation,
bamboo die-offs, corridors to food supplies.
Chen, Li Ding; Fu, Bo Jie
(ed.); Nakagoshi, N (ed.); Xiao, Du
Ning (ed.); Godron, M. Application of landscape connectivity in habitat suitability evaluation
- case study in Wolong Nature
NAL
call no: TA1.J6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, case studies, evaluation, Wolong Nature Reserve, nature conservation, survival requirements,
landscape, habitats, endangered species, GIS, geographical information systems,
Liu,
Jian Guo; Ouyang, Zhi Yun;
Taylor, W.W.; Groop, R.; Tan, Ying Chun; Zhang,
He Ming. A framework for evaluating the effects of human factors on wildlife habitat:
the case of giant pandas. Conservation Biology. 1999, 13(6): 1360-1370. ISSN: 0888-8892. Note: In
English with a Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: QH75.A1C5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, evaluation, wildlife, case studies, Wolong Nature Reserve, nature conservation, endangered wild
animals, impacts of human activity, habitats, government policy, regional
policy, social policy, China.
1998
Angel,
Heather. Pandas.
Voyageur Press,
Descriptors:
red panda, Ailurus fulgens, giant
panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
life history, endangered species, behaviors, popular press, conservation,
China.
1997
Li, Xin Hai; Li,
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population studies, relevance to conservation,
inbreeding concerns, outlook for long term survival in the wild, significance,
population viability analysis,
Taylor, A.H.; Qin, Z.;
Chapman, G.P. The dynamics of temperate bamboo forests and panda conservation in
NAL
call no: QK658.A1L5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, habitat maintenance and restoration, forest
canopy characteristics, bamboo stand characteristics, forest management, clear
cutting, conservation, China.
1996
Hearn, J.P. Mechanisms
regulating the reproduction and fertility of some mammalian species in their
natural environments. Journal of Public Health Policy.
1996, 17(1): 152-158. ISSN:
0197-5897
Descriptors: fertility regulation, links to environmental
constraints, giant panda, black rhinoceros, African elephant, tamar wallaby, marmoset, stumptailed macaque, humans.
Wei, Fu
Wen; Zhou, Ang; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, food plants, bamboo stands preferred, habitat
preference, slope and bamboo stands selected, Mabian
Dafengding Reserve,
Wei, Fu Wen; Zhou, Cai Quan;
Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, bamboo food plants, Qiongzhuea macrophylla, Yushania glauca, stem size, species selected, bamboo
preferences,
Wu,
NAL
call no: QH541.15.M3E25
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, ecological techniques, mathematical techniques,
bamboo food plants, Sinarundinaria fangiana, arrow
bamboo, interactions, Lotka-Volterra simulation
model, population dynamics, computer modeling, Wolong
Natural Reserve,
1994
Kiefer,
Michael. Of pandas
& principles. International Wildlife.
1994 July-August; 24(4): 30-35. ISSN: 0020-9112
NAL
call no: S960.I5
Descriptors: comprehensive zoology, conservation of endangered
species, wildlife protection, contribution of G. Schaller, biography of a
naturalist, his contributions to wildlife protection.
MacKinnon, John; De Wulf,
Robert. Designing protected
areas for giant pandas in
NAL
call no: QH541.15.M64M37 1994
Descriptors: Aluropoda elanoleuca, mountain habitat management, survey and planning,
national parks and reserves, management planning, ecological mapping, satellite
imagery, conservation planning,
O'Brien, Stephen J.; Wen
Shi, Pan; Zhi, Lu. Pandas, people and policy. Nature (
NAL
call no: 472 N21
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation, policy review, societal pressures,
endangered species,
Qin, Zi Sheng; Taylor, A.H.; Liu, Jie. [Population structure and dynamics of bamboo
and its relevance to giant panda conservation.] Journal of Bamboo Research. 1994, 13(3): 4-15. ISSN: 1000-6567.
Note:
In Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: SB317.B2C4
Descriptors: population structure, dynamics, Fargesia robusta, Bashania fangiaia, Wolong Natural Reserve, giant pandas staple diet, conservation
concerns,
1993
Carter, Jacoby; Wang, Hai
Bin.
A model linking the
population dynamics of the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca with bamboo life history dynamics.
Proceedings
of the International
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, bamboo food plants, plant life history, reproductive
productivity.
Pan, Wen Shi; Lu, Zhi. The giant panda. In:
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population distribution, biology, life history,
diets, habitats,
Yong,
Yan Ge; Zhang, Ji An; Zhang, Shan Ning. [The distribution
and number of the giant panda in the Foping reservation.]
Acta Theriologica
Sinica. 1993; 13(4): 245-250. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population density measurements, mathematical
models, estimates, National Foping Natural Reserve,
Yong, Yan Ge; Wang, Kuan Wu; Wang, Tie Jun. [Giant
panda's moving habit in Foping.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1994; 14(1): 9-14 ISSN:
1000-1050. Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, wild animals, habitat, food availability,
seasonal movements between bamboo forests, population within habitat, bamboo
forests, seasonal movements and food availability, Foping
National Natural Reserve, China.
Zhang, Li Ming; Gong, Ji
En; Dai, Bo. [Preliminary
analysis on the effective population of wild giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) populations in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population dynamics, population analysis,
Zhi Yong,
Fan; Yan Ling, Song. On the importance of nature
reserves in nature conservation in
NAL
call no: QL84.5.A1T53
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, national parks and reserves,
importance of protected habitats, conservation,
Return to: Contents
2003
Liao, Ming Juan; Zhu, Mu
Yuan; Zheng, Xu; Zhang, Zhi
He; Zhang, An Ju. cDNA cloning of growth hormone
from giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
and its expression in Escherichia coli. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2003
May; 135B(1): 109-116. ISSN: 1096-4959
NAL
call no: QP501.C6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, growth hormone, pituitary total RNA,
RT-PCR cDNA cloning and expression in bacterial
vector E. Coli,
amino acid sequence, gene expression, biological expression.
2002
Fang, S.G.; Wan, Q.H.; Fujihara,
N. Genetic diversity of the giant panda
(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
between big and small populations. Journal of Applied Animal
Research. 2002, 21(1): 65-74.
ISSN: 0971-2119 Note:
In English with a Hindi summary.
NAL
call no: SF55.I4J68
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered species, genetic distance,
genetic diversity, genetic variation, mathematical models, nature conservation,
population genetics, species diversity and richness, wild animals, China.
Fang, Sheng Guo; Wan, Qiu Hong; Fujihara, Noboru. A new oligonucleotide probe for the giant
panda. Molecular Ecology Notes. 2002 September; 2(3): 352-355. ISSN: 1471-8278
NAL
call no: QH541.15.M632
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, genetic techniques, genetic diversity, prevention of inbreeding,
molecular genetics, new oligonucleotide probe,
paternity probability, homozygous loci, individual identification.
Shen, Fu Jun; Zhang, Zhi
He; Li, Guang Han; Zhang, An
Ju. [Pedigree analysis of captive giant panda.] Acta Genetica Sinica. 2002 Apr; 29(4): 307-313. ISSN: 0379-4172. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH431.I172
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, population
genetics, captive populations, pedigree analysis, Sparks Ver1.4 Software,
genetic diversity, pedigree analysis indications, significance
to long-term conservation.
Wang, Xiao Jing; Wang,
Xiao Xing; Wang, Ya Jun; Wang, Xi Zhong;
He, Guang Xin; Chen, Hong
Wei; Fei, Li Song. [Molecular cloning of the DNA sequence of Activin
[beta]A subunit gene mature peptides from panda and
related species and its application in the research of phylogeny and taxonomy.]
Acta Genetica
Sinica. 2002 Sep; 29(9): 782-786. ISSN: 0379-4172. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH431.I172
Descriptors: phylogeny analysis, PHYLIP software,
phylogeny tree, Ailurus fulgens, red
panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant panda, Helarctos malayanus,
Malayan sun bear, nucleic acids, molecular genetics, phylogenetic
and systematic significance, Activin-[beta]A DNA sequences,
giant panda should be in the bear family (Uersidae),
red panda should be in its own family.
2001
Cao, Mei; Yang, Yu Hua; Wang, Xi Zhong; Wang, Ya Jun; Zhang, Yi Zheng; Song, Yun Fang; Fei, Li Song; He, Guang Xin. [Isolation and characterization of microsatellite
DNA from giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
genome.] Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental
Biology. 2001 25 June; 7(3): 277-280; Serial No 31. ISSN:
1006-687X. Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH301.Y56
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
nucleic acids, molecular genetics, DNA sequence, microsatellites,
isolation and characterization.
Chen, Hong Wei; et al.
[Introduction and application of fragile
sites induction in giant panda's chromosome research.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, cytogenetic
techniques, chromosomes, fragile sites, induction and research application.
Huang,
Yan; Li, De Sheng; Zhang,
He Min; Du, Jun; Zhang, Gui
Quan; Wei, Rong Ping; McGeehan, Laura; Howard, Jogayle;
Tang, Chun Xiang; Wang, Peng
Yan. [Artificial
insemination of a giant panda with cooled semen: an effort to promote genetic
diversity in a captive population.] Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology. 2001;
7(6): 558-562; Serial No 34. ISSN: 1006-687X.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH301.Y56
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive breeding and rearing records, artificial
insemination, case report.
Huang,
Yan; Zhang, Gui
Quan; Zou, Xing Huai. [Demographic
analyses of the captive population of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Journal of
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive animal breeding programs,
demographic analyses of captive population, life tables.
Lu,
Zhi; Johnson, Warren E.; Menotti-Raymond, Marilyn; Yuhki, Naoya; Martenson,
Janice S; Mainka, Susan; Huang, Shi Qiang; Zheng, Zhihe;
Guanghan, Li; Wenshi, Pan; Xiarong, Mao; O'Brien Stephen J. Patterns of genetic diversity in remaining giant panda populations. Conservation Biology.
2001 December; 15(6): 1596-1607. ISSN: 0888-8892. Note: In English with a Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: QH75.A1C5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, genetic diversity, implications for conservation
measures, endangered status, nucleic acids, molecular genetics, population
genetics, biochemical variation,
Wang,
Xiao Jing; Wang, Xiao Xing; Tan, Yan
Fei; Wang, Ya Jun; Wang, Xi
Zhong; Chen, Hong Wei; He, Guang Xin; Fei,
Li Song. [Studies of the corelation
between fragile sites and giant panda's breeding problem.] Acta Genetica
Sinica. 2001 July; 28(7): 621-627. ISSN: 0379-4172.
Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH431.I172
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, reproduction, chromosomes, chromosome No.
2 and No.12, diseases and disorders, breeding problems, environmental factors
effect, chromosome fragile sites frequency relations, abiotic
factors.
2000
Ding,
Bo; Shi, Peng; Xiang Yu, Jing Gong; Zhang, Ya Ping; Chen, Da Yuan; Sun, Qing Yuan; Li, Guang Peng; Wang, Min Kang; Liu,
Yi Long; Kang, Li; Han, Zhi Ming; Song, Xiang Fen; Li, Jing Song; Chen, Yu
Chun. Microsatellite
DNA analysis proves nucleus of interspecies reconstructed blastocyst
coming from that of donor giant panda. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2000
October; 45(20): 1883-1885. ISSN: 1001-6538
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, cloning techniques, interspecies reconstructed
blastocyst, microsatellite,
DNA sequences, nucleic acids, embryo development, molecular
genetics.
Zheng, Huarui; et al. [Current
situation of study on molecular genetics of giant panda.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, molecular genetics, current knowledge and research.
1998
Ding,
Bo.; Zhang, Y.; Ryder, Oliver A. Extraction,
PCR amplification, and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA from scent mark and
feces in the giant panda. Zoo Biology. 1998. 17(6): 499-504. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, genetic analysis, polymerase chain
reaction, mitochondrial DNA, feces and scent glands secretions, cytogenetic techniques, nucleic acids, feces, scents, molecular
genetics, mtDNA-extraction, polymerase chain reaction
amplification and sequencing.
Ding,
Bo; Ryder, Oliver A.; Zhang, Ya Ping; Zhang, Jin
Guo; Zhang, Cheng Lin; Zhang, Xi Ge.
[DNA
preparation and sequencing from scent marks in the giant panda.] Zoological Research.
1998 Oct; 19(5): 344-349. ISSN: 0254-5853.
Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QL1.T85
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, scent mark analysis, nucleic acids, molecular
genetics, biochemical variation, DNA analyses.
Lin,
Feng; Yang, Yuhua; Zhang,
Yizheng; Chen, Hongwei; Fei, Lisong; Song, Yunfang; He, Guangxin; Zhang, Anju. [Molecular cloning and heterologous
expression of the brain derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) gene from giant panda.] Acta Theriologica
Sinica. 1998; 18(2): 95-99. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, cloning techniques, amplified fragment, brain-derived
neurotrophic factor gene, amplification and genetic
code, molecular genetics.
Smantek, Gunter. Ein Bambusbar (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) im Tierpark
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, history of an individual giant panda
specimen, care and handling,
Wang,
Ya Jun; Wang, Xi Zhong;
Yang, Yu Hua; Qian, Yong Sheng; Chen, Wen Yuan; Wang, Zi Shu; Fei,
Li Song; Chen, Hong Wei; He, Guang
Xin; Song, Yun Fang . [Studies on late
replication bands of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) chromosomes.] Acta Genetica Sinica. 1998; 25(1): 22-27. ISSN: 0379-4172. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH431.I172
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, chromosome banding patterns, late
replication bands.
Zhou, Rong Jia; Cheng, Han Hua; Yu, Qi Xing; Zhang, Ya Ping. Sox and Zfx genes in giant panda. Science in
NAL
call no: QD1.S34
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sex determination genetics, molecular
genetics, sex determination genes, characterization.
1997
Fang,
Sheng Guo; Feng, Wen He; Zhang, An Ju; Li, Shao Chang; Yu, Jian Qiu; Huang, Xiang Ming; He, Guang Xin; Fei, Li Song. [The comparative analysis on
the genetic diversity of giant pandas between Liangshan
and
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, gene frequency, mountain habitats, genetic
diversity, comparison, Liangshan and
Fang,
Sheng Guo; Feng, Wen He; Zhang, An Ju. [The developing of giant panda DNA
fingerprinting probe F2ZGP96060801 and the comparative test analysis of 5
probes.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1997; 17(3): 165-171. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, genetic techniques, DNA fingerprinting
probe, identification of individuals, individual identification techniques, DNA
fingerprint probe.
Fang,
Sheng Guo; Feng, Wen He; Zhang, An Ju; Li, Shao Chang; Yu, Jian Qiu; He, Guang
Xin; Fei, Li Song. [DNA fingerprinting analysis on the paternity determination
of giant panda.] Acta Theriologica
Sinica. 1997; 17(2): 92-99. ISSN:
1000-1050. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, breeding programs, genetic techniques, DNA
fingerprinting, paternity determination, artificial insemination, polygamy,
polyandry, paternity of offspring, zoos, China.
Fang
Sheng Guo; Feng, Wen He; Zhang, An Ju; Li, Shao Chang; He, Guang Xin; Huang, Xiang Ming; Chen, Hong Wei. [The paternity determination of artificial
breeding giant pandas by using fluorescein and radioisotope
labelled probe LZF-1.]
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
captive animals, population genetics techniques, nucleic acids, molecular
genetics, fluorescein and radioisotope labeled DNA,
population genetics.
Peng, Jian Jun; Shi, Hong Yan. [Developments in researches on physiology
biochemistry and cell genetics of giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Zoology. 1997
June; 32(3): 54-58. ISSN: 0250-3263.
Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, whole animal, cytogenetics,
physiology, biochemistry, research developments.
Wang,
Yajun; Qian, Yong Sheng; Wang, Xi Zhong; Chen, Wen Yuan; Wang, Zi Shu; Zhang, Yong Mei; Fei, Li Shong; He, Guang Xin; Song, Yun Fang; Chen, Hong Wei. [Studies of fragile sites of
giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
chromosomes induced by BrdU.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, cytogenetic techniques,
BrdU induction, fragile sites of chromosomes
molecular genetic techniques.
Zhang,
Ya Ping; Ryder, Oliver A.; Fan, Zhi
Yong; Zhang, He Ming; He, Ting Mei; He, Guang Xin; Zhang, An Ju; Fei, Li Song; Zhong, Shun Long; Chen, Hong; Zhang, Cheng Lin; Yang, Ming Hai; Zhu, Fei Bing; Peng, Zhen Xin; Pu, Tian Chun; Chen, Yu Cun; Yao, Min Da;
Guo, Wei. Sequence variation and genetic diversity in the giant panda.
Science
in
NAL
call no: QD1.S34
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, nucleic acids, molecular
genetics, mtDNA-D loop region, tRNA
gene sequence variation, population genetics, phylogeny, genetic diversity
implications, biochemical variation, evolutionary implications, significance
for conservation.
1996
Congleton, W.R.
Jr.; Farrar, L.M. An object-oriented database with ancestry
for controlling inbreeding. AI Applications. 1996, 10(2): 51-61. ISSN: 1051-8266
NAL
call no: QA76.76.E95A5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant
pandas, C++ for database, ancestry,
breeding decisions, inbreeding control, computer programming, red pandas.
Fang,
Sheng Guo; Chen, Guan Qun; Feng, Wen
He; Zhang, An Ju; Li, Shao
Chang; He, Guang Xin; Wei, Fu Wen; Guo,
Ji An. [DNA
fingerprinting applied to the investigation of wild population of giant panda.]
Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1996; 16(4): 246-249. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, genetic
techniques, DNA fingerprinting for individual identification, population size,
recognition of individuals, wild populations, Yele, Sichuan,
China.
Fang,
Shengguo; Ding, Zhaowu; Feng, Wenhe; Zhang, Anju; Li, Guanghan; Li, Shaochang; Yu, Jianqiu; Li, Xuebing. [A preliminary study on the
material resource of DNA in the DNA fingerprinting analysis of giant pandas.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1996; 16(3): 166-170. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, genetic techniques, DNA fingerprinting,
preliminary analysis and materials required.
1995
Zhang,
Ya Ping; Wang, Wen; Su,
Bing; Ryder, Oliver A.; Fang, Zhi Yong; Zhang, He Min;
He, Ting Mei. [Microsatellite
DNAs and kinship identification of giant panda.] Zoological Research. 1995; 16(4): 301-306. ISSN: 0254-5853.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QL1.T85
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, genetic techniques, genetics, kinship identification,
microsatellite DNA polymorphism, molecular genetics,
variation, kinship identification method.
1994
Fang
Sheng Guo; Feng, Wen He; Zhang, An Ju; Yu, Ya Li; He, Guang Xin; Li, Shao Chang; Yu, Jian Qiu; Huang, Xiang Ming; Song, Yun Fang. [DNA "fingerprints" applied to
paternity determination in the filial generation of artificial breeding giant
pandas.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive populations, breeding programs,
genetic techniques, DNA fingerprints, paternity determination, dizygotic twins identification, ovary, ovulation timing
during estrus phase.
Zhang,
Y.; Ryder, O.A.; Zhao, Q.; Fan, Z.; He, G.; Zhang, A.; Zhang, H.; He, T.; Yucun, C.
Non-invasive giant panda paternity exclusion. Zoo Biology. 1994.
13(6): 569-573. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, hair sampling, paternity, polymerase chain
reaction, PCR.
1993
Su,
Bing; Shi, Li Ming; He, Guang Xin;
Zhang, An Ju; Song, Yun Fang;
Zhong, Shun Long; Fei, Li
Song. Genetic diversity in the giant panda: evidence from protein
electrophoresis. Chinese
Science Bulletin. 1994 August; 39(15): 1305-1309. ISSN: 1001-6538
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation, genetic diversity
implications, molecular genetics, population genetics, inbreeding concerns,
protein analysis for genetic diversity, biochemical variation.
Zhang, Siz Hong; Zhou,
Rong Jia. [PCR amplification and cloning of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) SRY gene.] Acta Genetica
Sinica. 1994; 21(4): 281-286. ISSN: 0379-4172. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH431.I172
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, cloning techniques, sex determination genetics,
gene homologous to human SRY gene, restriction map.
2003
Endo,
Hideki; Sasaki, Motoki; Narushima, Etsuo; Komiya, Teruyuki; Hayashida, Akiko; Hayashi, Yoshihiro; Stafford, Brian J. Macroscopic
study of the functional significance of the forearm muscles in the giant panda. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2003 August; 65(8):
839-843. ISSN: 0916-7250
NAL
call no: SF604.J342
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, forearm, palm, Musculus
flexor, carpi ulnaris, two
heads, accessory carpal bone, Musculus abductor digiti I. longus, Musculus pronator quadratus, Musculus pronator teres, Musculus supinator, pronator spinator action.
2002
Endo,
H.; Komiya, T; Narushima, E; Suzuki, N. Three-dimensional image analysis of a head
of the giant panda by the cone-beam type CT. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2002, 64(12):
1153-1155. ISSN: 0916-7250
NAL
call no: SF604.J342
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, analytical methods, animal anatomy, animal
behavior, computed tomography, head image analysis, reproductive behavior,
smell.
2001
Endo,
Hideki; Sasaki, Motoki; Hayashi, Yoshihiro; Koie,
Hiroshi; Yamaya, Yoshiki;
Kimura, Junpei. Carpal bone movements in gripping action of
the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).
Journal of Anatomy. 2001 February; 198(2): 243-246. ISSN:
0021-8782
NAL
call no: 447.8 J826
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, carpal bones, movement, anatomy, CT scan,
3 dimensional volume rendering techniques, gripping action, rotation, flexing,
radial sesamoid, pincer-like paw structure.
2000
Sasaki,
M.; Endo, H.; Yamagiwa, D.; Takagi, H.; Arishima, K.; Makita, T.; Hayashi, Y.T. Adaptation
of the muscles of mastication to the flat skull feature in the polar bear
(Ursus maritimus).
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 2000, 62(1): 7-14. ISSN: 0021-5295
NAL
call no: SF604.J342
Descriptors: pandas,
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Ursus arcto, Thalarctos
maritimus, anatomy, mastication muscles, skull,
mandible, mouth, jaws.
1999
Endo,
H.; Makita, T.; Sasaki, M.; Arishima, K.; Yamamoto,
M.; Hayashi, Y. Comparative anatomy
of the radial sesamoid bone in the polar bear (Ursus maritimus),
the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and
the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. 1999, 61(8): 903-907.
ISSN: 0021-5295
NAL
call no: SF604.J342
Descriptors: polar bear, Ursus maritimus, brown bear, Ursus arctos, giant
panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
radial sesamoid bones, attachments, comparison study,
M. abductor pollicis longus,
M. opponens pollicis, carpus, muscles, sesamoid bones,
radial carpal, anatomy.
Endo,
H.; Hayashi, Y.; Yamagiwa, D.; Kurohmaru,
M.; Koie, H.; Yamaya,
Y.; Kimura, J. CT examination of the manipulation system in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Journal of Anatomy. 1999, 195(2): 295-300. ISSN: 0021-8782
NAL
call no: 447.8 J826
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, anatomy, computed tomography, sesamoid bones, phalanges.
Endo,
Hideki; Yamagiwa, Daishiro;
Hayashi, Yoshihiro; Koie, Hiroshi; Yamaya, Yoshiki; Kimura, Junpei. Role of the giant panda's
'pseudo-thumb'. Nature (
NAL
call no: Q1.N3
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, forelimbs, pseudo thumb, biomechanics,
anatomical and functional study, skeletal musculature, sesamoid
bone, radial sesamoid bone movement.
1996
Endo, H.; Sasaki, N.; Yamagiwa,
D.; Uetake, Y.; Kurohmaru, M.;
Hayashi, Y.
Functional anatomy of the radial sesamoid
bone in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).
Journal of Anatomy. 1996, 189: 3, 587-592. ISSN: 0021-8782
NAL
call no: 447.8 J826
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, functional anatomy, radial sesamoid bone.
1993
Huang,
Wan
NAL
call no: QE841.K8
Descriptors:
Ursidae, Ailuropoda, Ailurarctos, Ursus,
Pleistocene, evolution and skull morphology, measurements, differences,
comparisons, dentition, mandibles, China.
Tanabe,
K. [Sexing pandas.] Animals and Zoos. 1993; 45(1): 12. ISSN: 0288-4887. Note:
In Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sexing techniques, gender.
2003
Hagey, Lee;
MacDonald, Edith.
Chemical cues identify gender and
individuality in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Journal of Chemical Ecology. 2003 June; 29(6): 1479-1488. ISSN: 0098-0331
NAL
call no: QD415.A1J6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conspecific communication,
phermones, scent marking, chemical composition,
scent glands, urine, vaginal secretions, short chain fatty acids, gender
and individual differences, identification techniques for use in field
biology.
Liao, Ming Juan; Zhu, Mu
Yuan; Zheng, Xu; Zhang, Zhi
He; Zhang, An Ju. cDNA cloning of growth hormone from
giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
and its expression in Escherichia
coli. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
2003 May; 135B(1): 109-116 ISSN: 1096-4959
NAL
call no: QP501.C6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, growth hormone, pituitary total RNA, RT-PCR
cDNA cloning and expression in bacterial vector
E. Coli,
amino acid sequence, gene expression, biological expression.
Liu,
Xuan Zhen; Yu, Jian
Qiu; Li, Ming Xi; Huang, Xiang Ming;
Li, Guang Han [Nutrient
content of the milk of captive giant pandas.] Acta Zoologica Sinica. 2003 Aug; 49(4): 494-500. ISSN: 0001-7302.
Note:
In English with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant panda milk, 14 year old female, post-parturition,
crude protein, crude fat, lactose, 17 amino acids, 5 macrominerals (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg), 6 trace minerals (Fe, Cu,
Mn, Zn, Co, Se), changes over time.
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Wang, Li Wen; Zhang, Xiao Tong; Wei, Rong Ping; Zhang, Gui Quan; Yun,
Zi Hou; Sun, Ru Yong. [Urinary volatile profiles
of the giant panda pertaining to gender, season and sexual ability.]
Journal of
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, urine, volatile profiles, differences, gender,
season and sexual ability, reproductive behaviors, pheromones, chemical
signals.
Nakamura,
Tadashi; Urashima, Tadasu;
Mizukami, Taiji; Fukushima, Michihiro;
Arai, Ikichi; Senshu,
Tatsudo; Imazu, Koji; Nakao, Tatsuko; Saito, Tadao; Ye, Zhiyong; Zuo, Hong; Wu, Kongju. Composition
and oligosaccharides of a milk sample of the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B:
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2003 July; 135B(3):
439-448. ISSN: 1096-4959
NAL
call no: QP501.C6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, biochemistry, mammary glands, milk chemical
composition, whey fractions, alpha]-lactalbumin,
[beta]-lactoglobulin, alpha]s casein, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, Gal([alpha]1-3)Gal([beta]1-4)Glc (isoglobotriose), Gal([alpha]1-3)Gal([beta]1-4)[Fuc([alpha]1-3)]Glc (fucosyl isoglobotriose), Neu5Ac([alpha]2-3)Gal([beta]1-4)Glc (3'-N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose), Neu5Ac([alpha]2-6)Gal([beta]1-4)Glc
(6'-N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose), Neu5Ac([alpha]2-3)Gal([beta]1-4)[Fuc([alpha]1-3)]Glc.
2002
Long, Yu; Cao, Zhuo; Pan, Wen Shi. [Utilization of cell wall bamboo shoot by
wild giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, digestion, bamboo food plants, Fargesia, plant cell wall utilization/digestion,
Lumpkin, Susan; Seidensticker,
John.
Smithsonian Book
of Giant Pandas. Washington
[D.C.]: Smithsonian Institution Press, c2002. xiii,
206 p.: col. ill. ISBN: 1588340384
NAL
call no: QL737.C214 L86 2002
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant panda, endangered species, wildlife
conservation, biology, habitat, life history, interactions between animals
and humans, zoos.
2001
Fei, Li Song; Chen, Hong Wei;
Zheng, Yu Cai; Wang,
Qiang; Wang, Jie; Li, Guang Han; Zhang, An Jiu. Protein composition of the giant panda milk. Zoological Research. 2001, 22(5): 421-424. ISSN: 0254-5853.
Note: In Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: QL1.T85
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, female animals, Holstein-Friesian cow milk,
Chegdu Brown goat milk, casein, lactose, milk
composition, milk proteins, protein composition, protein content, skim
milk, species differences.
Lei,
Lei; Yu, Xing Ming; Zeng, Wei;
Fei, Li Song; Wang, Qiang;
Zhang, Zai Rong. A survey of vaginal flora from
giant panda. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2001,
31(9): 10-11. ISSN: 1000-6419
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, vaginal microflora,
isolated, identified, Lactobacillus,
Peptostreptococcus,
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Geotrichum candidum.
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Zhang, Gui Quan;
Wei, Rong Ping; Chen,
Lin Qiang; Zhang, He Min. A study on the growth and
development of captive-born giant panda cubs. Journal of
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sex
differences, young animals, development and growth, captive animals.
Peng, Jian Jun; Jiang, Zhi Gang; Liu, Wei Xing; Huang, Shi Qiang; Zhang,
Jing Guo; Wang, Wan
Ming. Growth
and development of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
cubs at
NAL
call no: QL1.J68
Descriptors:
giant panda cubs, males, females, growth rates, gender differences, artificial
and maternal feeding differences, body length, chest circumferences, tail
length, teeth, fur color changes, sense organs, limbs, body weight, zoo
animals.
Wang,
Cheng Dong; Wang, Qiang; Zhong,
Shun Long; Zhang, Zhihe; Yu, Jian
Qiou; Hou, Rong; He, Ting Mei; Li, Guang Han. [The separation and purification
of giant panda's immunoglobulins in colostrum and serum and the serumal
preparation of rabbit anti-giant panda's immunoglobulins.] Acta Theriologica
Sinica. 2001 Feb; 21(1): 73-75, 56,
80. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note: In Chinese.
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, proteins, separation and purification, colostrums,
serum, plasma, mammary glands, immune response, immunoglobulins.
Zou, Xing Huai; Zhang, Gui Quan; Hong, Mei Ling; Liang, Ming Shan; Wang,
Li Jun; Yang, Chun Hua; Xu, Er
Xing; Sun, Mei; Huang, Zhi.
[Study on the effect of exotic
enzyme on the digestion rate of the nutritional matter of giant panda's
diet.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, diets in captivity, enzymes, digestion rate,
effect of exotic enzyme preparations.
2000
Hou, Wan Ru. [Amendment on the life table
and relevant datum indicators of giant panda.] Zoological Research. 2000 Oct; 21(5):
361-366. ISSN: 0254-5853. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QL1.T85
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, reproductive productivity, longevity, life
expectancy, life tables, amendment, revised age structure determination,
age class distribution,
Huang,
Yan. [Measurement of mineral elements in giant panda's organs and tissues.]
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2000
May; 30(5): 43-44; Sum 273. ISSN: 1000-6419. Note: In
Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, inorganic substances, mineral content, organs
and tissues.
Swaisgood, Ronald
R.; Lindburg, Donald G.; Zhou, Xiao
NAL
call no: Film S-1802
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, reproduction, reproductive condition, behavioral
sex differences, sex recognition, chemical signals, odors, species recognition,
conspecific odor discrimination.
Urashima, T.;
Saito, T.; Nakamura, T.; Arai, I. [Phylogenetic
development of milk oligosaccharides, especially in the Ursidae
and the related species in Carnivora.]
Symposium 2000. Milk Science.
2000, 49(3): 195-202. ISSN: 1343-0289.
Note: In
Japanese.
Descriptors: mammal milk comparisons, brown bear milk, polar
bear milk, seal milk, panda milk, walrus milk, oligosaccharides, chromatographic
analysis.
1999
Lu,
Guang Han; Hou, Rong; Yang, Zhi; Yang, Z.; Ye, Z.Y.;
Wang, J.S.; Yu, J.Q.; Li, X.B.; Liu, X.Z. [Report
on 47 physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of giant pandas.]
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science. 1999, 19(1): 95-96. Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C58
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, blood chemistry, normal values, hematology.
Swaisgood, Ronald
R.; Lindburg, Donald G.; Zhou, Xiaoping. Giant pandas discriminate individual differences
in conspecific scent. Animal Behaviour.
1999 May; 57(5): 1045-1053. ISSN: 0003-3472
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, chemoreception, conspecific
scents, discrimination of individual differences, anogenital
gland secretion marking, urine, female scent, behavioral sex differences,
discriminatory capacity, physiological and biochemical sex differences,
genitalia, individual discrimination capacity, scents.
1998
Ding,
Bo.; Zhang, Y.; Ryder, Oliver A. Extraction,
PCR amplification, and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA from scent mark
and feces in the giant panda. Zoo Biology. 1998. 17(6): 499-504. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, genetic analysis, polymerase chain reaction,
mitochondrial DNA, feces and scent glands secretions, cytogenetic techniques, nucleic acids, feces, scents, molecular
genetics, mtDNA extraction, polymerase chain
reaction amplification and sequencing.
Ding,
Bo; Ryder, Oliver A.; Zhang, Ya Ping; Zhang,
Jin Guo; Zhang, Cheng Lin; Zhang, Xi Ge.
DNA
preparation and sequencing from scent marks in the giant panda. Zoological Research.
1998 Oct; 19(5): 344-349. ISSN: 0254-5853. Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QL1.T85
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, scent mark analysis, nucleic acids, molecular
genetics, biochemical variation, DNA analyses.
Lin,
Feng; Yang, Yuhua;
Zhang, Yizheng; Chen, Hongwei; Fei, Lisong; Song, Yunfang; He, Guangxin; Zhang, Anju. [Molecular cloning and heterologous
expression of the brain derived neurotrophic
factor (BDNF) gene from giant panda.] Acta Theriologica
Sinica. 1998; 18(2): 95-99. ISSN:
1000-1050. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, cloning techniques, amplified fragment, brain-derived
neurotrophic factor gene, amplification and
genetic code, molecular genetics.
Pan,
Wen Shi; Oftedal,
Olav T.; Zhu, Xiao Jian; Childs, Sara; Wang,
Da Jun; Kleiman, Devra G. Milk composition
and nursing in a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis. 1998 Apr 20; 34(2-3): 350-351; (Total
No 162-163). ISSN: 0479-8023. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, mammary glands, milk composition, nursing
behaviors of females and cubs,
1997
Dierenfeld, E.S.;
Chapman, G.P. Chemical composition of bamboo in relation
to giant panda nutrition. The Bamboos. Proceedings
of an International Symposium,
NAL
call no: QK658,A1L5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, nutrition, diets, protein, plant cell walls,
soluble organics, digestible energy, mineral levels, vitamins.
Jensen,
B.B. Methanogenesis in monogastric
animals. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.
1996, 42(1-2): 99-112. ISSN: 0167-6369
NAL
call no: TD194.E5
Descriptors: rat, horse, pig, monkey, baboon, rhinoceros,
hippopotamus, giant panda, goose, turkey, chicken, monogastric
animals, feces, methane releasing microorganisms, Methanobrevibacterium, Methanobacterium, Methanobrevibacter,
Methanogenium,
contribution to global levels, lower than ruminants.
Peng, Jian Jun; Shi, Hong Yan. [Developments in researches on physiology
biochemistry and cell genetics of giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Zoology. 1997
June; 32(3): 54-58. ISSN: 0250-3263.
Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, whole animal, cytogenetics,
physiology, biochemistry, research developments.
Sun,
Q.Y.; Liu, H.; Li, X.B.; Song, X.F.; Yu, J.Q.; Li, G.H.; Chen, D.Y. The role of Ca2+ and protein kinase C in
the acrosome reaction of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
spermatozoa. Theriogenology.
NAL
call no: QP251.A1T5
Desciptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
spermatozoa, semen, calcium ions, motility, acrosome
reaction, ionophores, dosage, transmission electron
microscopy, protein kinase, cytology,
Abstract: Fresh semen was collected from adult male giant
pandas and the role of Ca2+, Ca2+ ionophore
A23187 and protein kinase C (PKC) in sperm motility
and acrosome reaction (AR) was assessed by lens
culinaris agglutinin conjugated with fluorescein
isothiocyanate (FITC-LCA) labeling and transmission
electron microscopy. The AR in giant panda spermatozoa was characterized
by vesiculation of the outer acrosomal
membrane through its invagination. Both the
sperm motility and the AR rate decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in
Ca2+-free and low Ca2+ medium. The addition of 10 micromolar
Ca2+ ionophore A23187 potently stimulated AR. After incubation
for capacitation, the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated AR in a dose-dependent
manner and its effect could be overcome by the PKC inhibitor staurosporine. These results suggest that Ca2+ and PKC play
an important role in the sperm acrosome reaction
of the giant panda.
Wei, Fu
Wen; Hu, Jin
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, energy
intake, diets, bamboo food plants, Qiongzhuea macrophylla,
Zhang,
G.; Zhang, H.; Chen, M.; He, T.; Wei, R.; Mainka, S.A. Growth
and development of infant giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) at the Wolong Reserve,
China. Zoo
Biology. 1996. 15(1): 13-19. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered species, newborn animals, growth
rate, biological development, animal husbandry, artificial rearing,
Zhang,
Gui Quan; Zhang, He
Min; Chen, Meng; He, Ting Mei;
Wei, Rong Ping; Mainka, Susan A. Growth and development of infant
giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
at the Wolong
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive animals, rearing techniques, maternal
vs human rearing, infant growth and development,
comparison study, size, weight, daily weight gain, growth and ontogeny.
1995
Chen,
Qian. [Assay
and analysis of six trace elements in hair of giant pandas.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary
Science and Technology. 1995, 25(9): 35-36. ISSN: 1000-6419.
Note: In Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, hair sampling, hair chemical analysis, zinc,
copper, iron, calcium, manganese, magnesium.
NAL
call no: SF601.J6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, hematology, serum biochemistry, vitamin levels,
captive animals, gender differences, red blood cell counts, blood urea
nitrogen, age effects, retinol, alpho-tocopherol.
Peng, Lang;
Zhang, Long Xiang. [Separation and some characteristics of lactate
dehydrogenase isozyme
H4 of giant panda.] Chinese Biochemical Journal. 1995 Feb; 11(1): 85-90. ISSN: 1000-8543. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, enzymes, LDH isozyme,
separation and partial characterization.
Tang,
Chun Xiang. [A female giant panda coming into first oestrus
at 2.5 year-old.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, age of first estrus, sexual maturation,
Yang, Guibo; Chen, Mao
Sheng; Deng, Zepei;
Wang, Ping. [The distribution
of endocrine cells in the gut mucosa of the giant panda.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1995; 15(1): 4-10. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, distribution of endocrine cells, gut mucosa,
digestive system.
Yang, Guibo; Chen, Mao
Sheng; Deng, Zepei;
Wang, Ping.
[The morphology
of endocrine cells in the gut mucosa of the giant panda.] Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis. 1995 Nov; 31(6): 732-738. ISSN: 0479-8023.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, stomach, intestine, mucosa, endocrine cell
types, morphology and distribution.
Zhao,
Guang Lu. [Clinical application of determining
blood platelet aggregation of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 1995, 21(11): 35. Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C485
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
case reports, hematology, platelet clumping, test method.
1994
Chen, M.; Zhang, G.;
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, semen evaluation, ejaculate volume, density,
motility, pH abnormalities, temporal variation,
Fang,
Sheng Guo; Huang,
Min; Feng, Wen He; Liu, Shao Long; Zhang, An Ju; Yu, Jian Qiou; He, Guang Xin; Li, Shao Chang; Li, Guang Han; Huang,
Xiang Ming; Liu, Chen Guang.
[Study
on the EDS of male reproductive organs of the giant pandas.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, inorganic substances, males, reproductive
organs element content, breeding success relationships.
1993
Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Otaka,
Eiko; Adachi, Jun; Mizuta, Keiko; Hasegawa,
Masami. The giant panda is closer to a bear, judged by [alpha]-
and [beta]-hemoglobin sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution.
1993 March; 36(3): 282-289. ISSN: 0022-2844
NAL
call no: QH359.J6
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, taxonomy, beta hemoglobin sequences, proteins,
amino acids, phylogenetic analysis of alpha
and beta hemoglobin, phylogenetic relationships
between panda and bears.
Huang,
Yan. [Contents of copper, iron,
zinc, magnesium and calcium in hair, liver and kidney of giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary
Science and Technology. 1993 March; 23(3): 28 ISSN: 1000-6419. Note: In
Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, heavy metal levels, hair, liver, kidney,
Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca.
Pan, Wen Shi; Lu, Zhi. The giant panda. In:
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population distribution, biology, life history,
diets, habitats,
Shen, Xue Fei; Zhang, Ting Fang. [Purification and some properties of calmodulin in giant panda uterus.] Chinese Biochemical Journal.
1993 Dec; 9(6): 748-754. ISSN: 1000-8543.
Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, proteins, Calmodulin,
purification and properties, panda uterus.
Physiology - Breeding and Reproduction
2003
Czekala, Nancy; McGeehan, Laura; Steinman,
Karen; Xuebing, Li; Gual Sil, Fernando. Endocrine monitoring and its
application to the management of the giant panda. Zoo Biology.
2003; 22(4): 389-400. ISSN:
0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive females, assay techniques, immunoassays, care in captivity,
captive management, reproductive techniques, endocrine monitoring, urinary
estrogen and progestin hormone levels analysis, management applications.
Durrant,
Barbara S.; Olson, Mary Ann; Amodeo, Dianne; Anderson, Autumn; Russ, Kara D.;
Campos-Morales, Rogelio; Gual-Sill, Fernando; Garza, Juan Ramos. Vaginal cytology and vulvar swelling as indicators of impending estrus
and ovulation in the giant panda (Ailuropoda
melanoleuca). Zoo Biology. 2003; 22(4): 313-321. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, females, reproduction, monitoring the estrus cycle, timing
mating and artificial insemination, vaginal cytology, trichrome staining,
histology, ovulation onset detection, behavior changes, urinary estrogens.
Lan,
Jing Chao; Lu, Wen Qi; Zhang, Zhi He; Li, Guang Han; Wang, Cheng Dong; Yu, Jian
Qiu; Wang, Ji Shan; Huang, Xiang Ming; et al. [Fall estrus and mating in a giant panda.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive animals, breeding
season, autumn season estrus, mating in captivity, case report, captive breeding
and rearing records.
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Wang, Li Wen; Zhang, Xiao Tong; Wei, Rong Ping; Zhang, Gui Quan;
Yun, Zi Hou; Sun, Ru Yong. [Urinary volatile profiles
of the giant panda pertaining to gender, season and sexual ability.] Journal of
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, urine, volatile profiles, differences, gender, season and
sexual ability, reproductive behaviors, pheromones, chemical signals.
Narushima, Etsuo; Hayashi, Takako; Hara, Tatsuoko;
Nose, Nagahiro; Komiya, Teruyuki. Changes in urinary concentrations of total estrogen and pregnanediol in
a female giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
from 1991 to 2000. Zoo Biology. 2003; 22(4): 383-387.
ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive female animal, estrogen, pregnanediol concentrations,
urine sampling, estrus behavior, pregnancy prediction accuracy.
Olson, Mary Ann; Yan, Huang; De Sheng, Li;
Hemin, Zhang; Durrant, Barbara. Comparison of storage
techniques for giant panda sperm. Zoo Biology. 2003; 22(4): 335-345. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, semen collection,
long and short-term sperm storage techniques, comparative evaluation for captive
breeding programs, artificial insemination, electroejaculation, buffering
solutions, liquid nitrogen, glycerol, 4 cooling methods, San Diego Zoo, California,
Wolong Nature Reserve, China.
Perez-Garnelo,
S.S.; Delclaux, M.; Talavera, C.; Lopez, M.; de la Fuente, J. Use of computerized image analysis in the
morphometric characterization of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) spermatozoa obtained from the epididymis 4
hours postmortem. Zoo Biology. 2003; 22(4): 355-364. ISSN:
0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, cytological techniques, sperm morphometric
characterization, sperm head, sperm tail, postmortem semen collection, size, computerized
image analysis, Madrid Zoo,
2002
Chen,
Da Yuan; Wen, Duan Cheng; Zhang, Ya Ping; Sun, Qing Yuan; Han, Zhi Ming; Liu,
Zhong Hua; Shi, Peng; Li, Jin Song; Xiang Yu, Jing Gong; Lian, Li; Kou, Zhao
Hui; Wu, Yu Qi; Chen, Yu Cun; Wang, Peng Yan; Zhang, He Min; Interspecies implantation and
mitochondria fate of panda-rabbit cloned embryos. Biology of Reproduction. 2002, 67(2): 637-642. ISSN: 0006-3363
NAL
call no: QL876.B5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, rabbits, cats, blastocyst, clones, embryo cloning, embryo
implantation, embryo transfer, embryonic development, fetus, mitochondria,
nuclei, estrus.
Chen, Guan Qun; Li, Xue Bing; Li, Guo Wei. [The design and implementation of the
imformation [information] management system for the giant panda breeding
research.] Journal of
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, breeding programs, breeding information management system,
database design and implementation.
Durrant,
B.; Czekala, N.; Olson, M.; Anderson, A.;
Amodeo, D.; Campos-Morales, R.; Gual-Sill, F.; Ramos-Garza, J. Papanicolaou
staining of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells facilitates the prediction
of ovulation in the giant panda. Theriogenology.
NAL
call no: QP251.A1T5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
vagina epithelium staining, prediction
of ovulation, estrous cycle, artificial insemination, estrus, detection,
basophils, color, urine.
Abstract: The giant panda is seasonally monoestrus,
experiencing a single estrous with spontaneous ovulation in the spring.
Therefore, accurate monitoring of the estrous cycle to pinpoint the time of
ovulation is critical for the success of timed mating or artificial
insemination. Analysis of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells is a simple
technique that rapidly yields information about the estrous status of a panda.
Vaginal swabs were obtained during five estrous cycles of two nulliparous
females. Cells were stained with the trichrome Papanicolaou and classified as
basophils, intermediates or superficials. The color of stained cells,
basophilic, acidophilic or keratinized, was recorded as a characteristic
independent of the three standard cell types. The day urinary conjugates of
estrogen fell from peak levels was considered the day of ovulation. A chromic shift
occurred 8-9 days before ovulation when the majority of exfoliated vaginal
cells changed from basophilic (blue) to acidophilic (pink) without accompanying
nuclear or cytoplasmic changes. A second chromic shift was consistently
observed 2 days prior to ovulation when keratinized (orange) cells replaced
acidophils as the majority of vaginal cells. Monochrome staining of vaginal
cells is sufficient to quantify superficial cells, which is a useful adjunct to
behavioral and endocrinological data in determining estrous in the giant panda.
However, the timing and duration of superficial cell elevations are
substantially different between and within individual females, which limits the
accuracy of timing ovulation for artificial insemination. The predictive value
of vaginal cytology was greatly enhanced with the trichrome stain and
evaluation of cell color.
He,
Ting Mei; Guo, Da Zhi; Zhang, He Min; Hu, Da Ming; Guo, Hai; Zhang, Gui Quan;
Li, De Sheng; Wei, Rong Ping; Du, Jun. Urinary
progesterone profiles in female giant pandas after mating. Journal of
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, pregnancy, females, hormones, progesterone, urinary levels, ELISA
procedure, zoo animals, monitoring 1-2 months prior to birth, indicator of
successful birthing.
Li,
Jin Song; Chen, Da Yuan; Han, Zhi Ming; Zhu, Zi Yu; Wen, Duan Cheng; Sun, Qing
Yuan; Liu, Zhong Hua; Wang, Min Kang; Li An, Li; Du, Jun; Wang, Peng Yan;
Zhang, He Min. Serial nuclear transfer improves the
development of interspecies reconstructed giant panda (Aluropoda [Ailuropoda] melanoleuca) embryos. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2002 March; 47(6): 467-469. ISSN: 1001-6538
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, breeding programs, genetic techniques, nuclear transfer,
invitro fertilization techniques, effect on development of reconstructed
embryos, endangered species, interspecies somatic nuclear transfer, embryo development.
Lumpkin, Susan; Seidensticker, John. Smithsonian Book of Giant Pandas. Washington [D.C.]: Smithsonian
Institution Press, c2002. xiii, 206 p.: col. ill. ISBN: 1588340384
NAL
call no: QL737.C214L86 2002
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, giant panda, endangered species, wildlife conservation,
biology, habitat, life history, interactions between animals and humans, zoos.
McGeehan, L.; Li, X.; Jackintell, L.; Huang, S.;
Wang, A.;
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, zoo animals, estrus, female sexual behavior, standing reflex,
daily urine sampling, progestogens, creatinine, physical activity, appetite,
urination, vocalization, ovulation monitoring, individual characteristics,
estrus expression variable, estrogen peaks, relationship between behavior and
ovarian hormones, scent marking, vocalizations, lordosis, tail up, variations
may not be hormonally driven.
Swaisgood, R.R.; Lindburg, D.G.; Zhang, H. Discrimination of oestrous status in giant
pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) via
chemical cues in urine. Journal
of Zoology. 2002 July; 257(3): 381-386. ISSN: 0952-8369
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, chemoreception, urine, ovary, estrus, male cues for
reproductive status of females, vomeronasal organ, flehmen and licking
behavior, implications for captive breeding programs.
2001
Goeritz,
Frank; Hildenbrandt, Thomas B; Blottner, Steffen; Hermes, Robert; Ochs, Andreas;
Goeltenboth, Reinhard; Kloes, Heiner; Kolter, Lydia; Jewgenow, Katarina. Comparative
investigations on reproductive biology in captive giant panda and ursids. Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, American
Association of Wildlife Veterinarians, Association of Reptilian and Amphibian
Veterinarians, National Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians Joint
Conference, Orlando, Florida, September 18-23, 2001. American Association
of Zoo Veterinarians, 2001: i-xx, 1-411. Chapter pagination: 339-340.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproductive techniques, breeding techniques, reproductive
biology.
Huang,
Yan; Li, De Sheng; Du, Jun; Wang, Peng Yan; Zhang, He Min; Howard, J.G.;
Spindler, R. [Study for freezing semen of giant pandas.] Chinese Journal of Zoology. 2001, 36(2): 25-29. ISSN: 0250-3263. Note: In Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, sperm, freezing semen, procedure development, influence of
various treatments, glycerol, sperm washing, cryodiluents, freezing effects sperm motility, sperm viability, acrosome morphology,
Huang,
Yan; Li, De Sheng; Zhang, He Min; Du, Jun; Zhang, Gui Quan; Wei, Rong Ping;
McGeehan, Laura; Howard, Jogayle; Tang, Chun Xiang; Wang, Peng Yan. [Artificial insemination of a giant panda
with cooled semen: an effort to promote genetic diversity in a captive
population.] Chinese
Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology. 2001; 7(6): 558-562;
Serial No 34. ISSN: 1006-687X. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH301.Y56
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive breeding and rearing records, artificial insemination,
case report.
Huang,
Yan; Zhang, Gui Quan; Zhang, He Min. [Reproduction and life table of captive
population of giant panda (Ailiropoda
[Ailuropoda] melanoleuca).]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive breeding programs, reproduction and life tables, age,
weight, pregnancy, gestation period, sexual maturation, breeding season, litter
numbers, and size, life tables, sex ratios.
Huang,
Yan; Zhang, Gui Quan; Zou, Xing Huai. Demographic analyses of the captive population
of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).
Journal of
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive animal breeding programs, demographic analyses of
captive population, life tables
Lindburg, D.G.;
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, female animals, zoo animals, estrus, estrogens, sexual
behavior, vocalization, ovulation prediction, reproductive biology.
Tang,
Chun Xiang; Zhang, He Min. [Role of
captive breeding in giant panda's conservation biology.]
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, breeding programs, captive breeding, possible role in conservation,
endangered species, a review.
Wang,
Xiao Jing; Wang, Xiao Xing; Tan, Yan Fei; Wang, Ya Jun; Wang, Xi Zhong; Chen,
Hong Wei; He, Guang Xin; Fei, Li Song. [Studies of the corelation between fragile sites and giant panda's
breeding problem.] Acta Genetica Sinica. 2001 July; 28(7): 621-627. ISSN: 0379-4172. Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English
summary.
NAL
call no: QH431.I172
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproduction, chromosomes, chromosome No. 2 and No. 12,
diseases and disorders, breeding problems, environmental factors effect,
chromosome fragile sites frequency relations, abiotic factors.
Zhang,
Mei Jia; Zhang, Zhi He; Hou Rong; Li, Guang Han; Yu, Jian Qiu; Zhang, An Ju;
Wang, Ji Shan; He, Guang Xin; Lan, Jing Chao. [Isolation and electron microscopy of "twin oocytes" in the
ovaries of giant panda (Ailuropoda
melanoleuca).] Acta
Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica. 2001 May;
32(3): 220-223. ISSN:
0366-6964. Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English
summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 AC86
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, oogenesis, twin oocytes, isolation and EM observations, rates
of twining, litter size.
Zhu, Xiaojian; Lindburg, Donald G.; Pan, Wenshi;
Forney, Karin A.; Wang, Dajun. The reproductive
strategy of giant pandas (Ailuropoda
melanoleuca): Infant growth and development and mother-infant
relationships.
Journal of Zoology (
NAL
call no: QL1.J68
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, mating, birth dates, litter size, cub sex, den use, 3 females,
cub and maternal behaviors, den changes, gestation length, birthing intervals,
growth rates, comparative analysis,
Qinling Mountains, China.
2000
Fujihara, N.; Xi, Y.M. Possible application of
animal reproductive researches to the restoration of endangered and/or extinct
wild animals. Review. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2000, 13(7):
1026-1034. ISSN: 1011-2367
NAL
call no: SF55.A78A7
Descriptors: giant pandas, crested ibis, cattle, fowl,
wild animals, poultry, animal breeding, animal cloning, gametes, germ cells,
invitro procedures, reproduction, endangered species, wild birds, cryopreservation,
nuclear transfer.
Zhang,
Zhi He; Zhang, Mei Jia; Hou, Rong; Li, Guang Han; Yu, Jiang Qiu; Wang, Ji Shan;
Zhang An Ju; Yang, Zhi; Lan, Jing Chao; He, Guang Xin; Chen, Hong Wei. [Transmission electron-micrography of giant panda's oocytes after
IVM and IVF.] Chinese Journal of
Veterinary Science. 2000, 20(5): 501-504. Note:
In Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: SF604.C58
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, non-breeding animals, oocyte recovery by aspiration and disexrion,
in-titro oocyte maturation, invitro fertilization, mitochondria had light
density and homogeneous base.
1998
Cheng, Meng; et al. [Observation on vaginal epithelial cell kerotosis [keratosis] rate in
estrus period of giant panda.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, vaginal tissue cellular changes, keratosis, ovary, estrus
period.
Fei,
Li Song; Chen, Hong Wei; He, Guang Xin; Zhang, Zhi He; Zhang, An Jiu; Li,
Dan; Wang, Xiz Hong. Study on in vitro sperm capacitation of giant panda.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproductive techniques, methods development and applications,
sperm, in vitro sperm capacitation, methodological development and applications,
laboratory study, in vitro fertilization.
Hou,
Rong; Li, Guanghan; Zhang, Zhihe; Huang, Xiangming; Li, Xuebing; Wang, Jishan;
Zhang, Meijia. A preliminary report on ovulation prediction
using resistance value of vaginal mucus of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproductive techniques, ovulation prediction, mucous
resistance.
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Fang, Ji Ming; Sun, Ru Yong; Zhang, Gui Quan; Wei, Rong Ping; Zhang,
He Min. Behavioral comparison in
individuals of different sexual ability in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Acta Zoologica Sinica.
1998 Mar; 44(1): 27-34. ISSN:
0001-7302. Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English
summary.
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, sexual maturation, reproductive behavior, sexual abilities effect
on behavior, observations of captive animals.
Zhang,
M.J.; Hou, R.; Zhang, A.J.; Zhang, Z.H.; He, G.X.; Li, G.H.; Wang, J.S.; Li, S.C.;
Song, Y.F.; Fei, L.S.; Chen, H.W. In vitro maturation of follicular oocytes
of the giant panda (Ailuropoda
melanoleuca): a case report. Theriogenology. May
1998. 49(7): 1251-1255. ISSN: 0093-691X
NAL
call no: QP251.A1T5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, giant panda, cultured oocytes, maturation, oocyte harvesting,
post mortem tissue harvesting.
Abstract: The giant panda is an endangered species that
would benefit from biotechnological assistance in reproduction. However,
because there are only a few of these animals left in the world, and scientists
hesitate to use them for research procedures. We were fortunate to obtain
ovaries from a giant panda that died of hepatic cirrhosis during the non-breeding
season. Oocytes were harvested within 4 h of death by dissecting the ovarian cortex
in physiological saline and collecting the cumulus-oocyte complexes from the
fluid, and then were classified into large (>125 micrometers) and small (100
to 124 micrometers) follicular oocytes and placed in TCM199 supplemented with
FSH (10 micrograms/mL) and LH (20 micrograms/mL). After culture for 22 h at 37
degrees C in air with 5% CO2, response was evaluated by growth of oocytes and
presence of the first polar body. Of the 26 large follicular oocytes that were
harvested, 12 were considered suitable for IVM, and 14 were degenerated, had a
broken zona pellucida or had lost some cytoplasm. Of the 12 cultured oocytes,
all grew to a mean diameter of 141.1 (SD = +/- 6.7, n = 12), and 4 released the
first polar body. None of the small follicular oocytes showed growth or other
signs of maturation. We conclude from our preliminary results that it is
possible to obtain functional giant panda oocytes from ovaries obtained post
mortem during the nonbreeding season.
1997
Chen,
Da Yuan; Song, Xiang Feng; Duan, Chong Wen; Li, Ming Wen; Sun, Qing Yuan; Liu,
Hui; Zhang, Anju; Ye, Zhi Yong; Li, Shao Chang; Li, Guang Han; Yu, Jian Qiu;
Zhang, Fu Xiang; Feng, Wen He; Zhong, Shun Long; He, Guang Xi; Son, Yun Fang;
Fei, Li Song. Applying bases for "double
control" artificial breeding of giant panda in captivity. Chinese Science Bulletin. 1997 May; 42(9): 775-779. ISSN: 1001-6538
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproductive techniques, breeding programs, female hormone
treatment and semen storage techniques, captive breeding significance.
Deng, Shiquan; Chen Meng. [A study of special estrus
behaviour in giant pandas and its diagnosis.] Xinan
Nongye Daxue Xuebao. 1997 Aug; 19(4): 386-388. ISSN: 1000-2642.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproductive techniques, female estrus behavior, ovary,
follical maturation.
Fang,
Sheng Guo; Feng, Wen He; Zhang, An Ju; Li, Shao Chang; Yu, Jian Qiu; He, Guang
Xin; Fei, Li Song. [DNA
fingerprinting analysis on the paternity determination of giant panda.]
Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1997; 17(2): 92-99. ISSN:
1000-1050. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, breeding programs, genetic techniques, DNA fingerprinting,
paternity determination, artificial insemination, polygamy, polyandry,
paternity of offspring, zoos, China.
Fang
Sheng Guo; Feng, Wen He; Zhang, An Ju; Li, Shao Chang; He, Guang Xin; Huang,
Xiang Ming; Chen, Hong Wei. [The paternity determination of artificial
breeding giant pandas by using fluorescein and radioisotope labelled probe
LZF-1.]
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive animals, population
genetics techniques, nucleic acids, molecular genetics, fluorescein and
radioisotope labeled DNA, population genetics.
Fei, Li Song; et al. [Impact on sperm quality of giant panda induced by different season and
sperm collecting frequency.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, breeding programs, captive breeding, semen collection, sperm quality,
seasonal affects, collecting frequency effects.
Feng,
Wen He; Xiao, Lei; Zhao, Tao; Zhang, Anju; Li, Shao Chang; Li, Guang Han; Yu,
Jian Qiu; Chen, Dayuan. [Studies on the development
of ovarian follicles and oocytes of giant pandas.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1996; 16(3): 161-165. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English
summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, oogenesis, ovarian follicle development, histological
examination.
Feng, Wen He; Zhao, Jia;
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, frozen semen,
semen, spermatozoa, testes, zoo animals.
Gual, S.F.; Pulido, R.J. Resultados preliminares de la inseminacion
artificial
NAL
call no: SF604.V485
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, endoscopy,
artificial insemination, zoo animals,
Lindburg, Donald G.; Millard, Susan E. Behavioral issues in reproductive
management of cheetahs, with implications for the giant panda. In: Holst, Bengt [Ed.]. Proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Environmental Enrichment, 21-25 August 1995,
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, Acinonyx jubatus, cheetahs, captive care and husbandry,
reproduction, mating, scents and olfactory cues required for mating, breeding
and rearing records, management problems, zoos and wildlife parks.
Wei, Rong
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, conservation measures, management, reproduction, postpartum
breeding, nature reserve, Wolong Nature Reserve,
Wildt, David E.; Seal, Ulysses S. The Conservation Breeding Specialist Group and the development of a
captive management masterplan for giant pandas in
NAL
call no: Ql76.5.U6A472
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, zoos and wildlife parks, zoos, captive management masterplan,
breeding programs, Nearctic region,
Zheng,
Shu Ling; Zhao, Q.; Xie, Zhong; Wildt, D.E.; Seal, U.S. [Ed] Giant Panda
Ailuropoda melanoleuca Captive Management Planning Workshop, Chengdu, China
10-13 December 1996. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding
Specialist Group,
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, meetings, breeding programs, captive management planning
workshop report, captive animals,
1996
Congleton, W.R. Jr.; Farrar, L.M. An object-oriented database with ancestry for controlling
inbreeding. AI Applications. 1996, 10(2): 51-61. ISSN: 1051-8266
NAL
call no: QA76.76.E95A5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant pandas, C++ for database, ancestry, breeding
decisions, inbreeding control, computer programming, red pandas.
Feng,
Wen He; Xiao, Lei; Zhao, Tao; Zhang, Anju; Li, Shao Chang; Li, Guang Han; Yu,
Jian Qiu; Chen, Dayuan. [Studies on the development
of ovarian follicles and oocytes of giant pandas.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1996; 16(3): 161-165. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English
summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, oogenesis, ovarian follicle development, histological
examination.
Hearn, J.P. Mechanisms
regulating the reproduction and fertility of some mammalian species in their
natural environments. Journal of Public Health
Policy. 1996, 17(1): 152-158.
ISSN: 0197-5897
Descriptors: fertility regulation, links to environmental
constraints, giant panda, black rhinoceros, African elephant, tamar wallaby, marmoset, stumptailed macaque, humans.
Li,
Ming Wen; Song, Xiang Fen; Jao, Ri; Zhang, Fu Xiang; Chen, Da Yuan. [X-ray
microanalysis of the anterior and posterior heads and midpiece of the giant
panda and mouse spermatozoa during capacitation.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science. 1996, 16(1): 22-27. Note:
In Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: SF604.C58
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, levels of Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cl, P, S, anterior and posterior
heads and midpiece, uncapacitated and capacitated spermatozoa, X-ray micro
analysis.
Li, Ming Wen; Song, Xiang Fen; Zhang, Fu Xiang;
Da Yuan, Chen.
One simple and rapid method for evaluating acrosome reaction of giant
panda and other mammalian sperm. Chinese Science Bulletin. 1996 May; 41(10): 846-851. ISSN: 1001-6538
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, sperm, acrosome reaction, cytological techniques, reproductive
techniques, evaluation method, description and general application, fertilization.
Sun,
Q.Y.; Liu, H.; Li, X.B.; Song, X.F.; Yu, J.Q.; Li, G.H.; Chen, D.Y. The role of Ca2+ and protein kinase C in the acrosome reaction of
giant panda (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)
spermatozoa. Theriogenology.
NAL
call no: QP251.A1T5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, spermatozoa, semen, calcium ions, motility, acrosome reaction,
ionophores, dosage, transmission electron microscopy, protein kinase, cytology,
Abstract: Fresh semen was collected from adult male
giant pandas and the role of Ca2+, Ca2+ ionophore A23187 and protein kinase C
(PKC) in sperm motility and acrosome reaction (AR) was assessed by lens culinaris
agglutinin conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-LCA) labeling and
transmission electron microscopy. The AR in giant panda spermatozoa was
characterized by vesiculation of the outer acrosomal membrane through its
invagination. Both the sperm motility and the AR rate decreased significantly
(p < 0.05) in Ca2+-free and low Ca2+ medium. The addition of 10 micromolar
Ca2+ ionophore A23187 potently stimulated AR. After incubation for
capacitation, the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)
stimulated AR in a dose-dependent manner and its effect could be overcome by
the PKC inhibitor staurosporine. These results suggest that Ca2+ and PKC play
an important role in the sperm acrosome reaction of the giant panda.
1995
Chen,
Da Yuan; Duan, Chong Wen; Song, Xiang Fen; Zhao, Xue Kun; Zhang, Fu Xiang; Ye,
Zhi Yong; Zhang, An Ju; He, Guang Xin; Li, Shao Chang; Li, Guang Han; Feng, Wen
He. [Examination of the semen quality of
giant panda - studies on the ultrastructures of the sperm and non-sperm cell
components in semen.] Acta Theriologica Sinica.
1995; 15(1): 1-3, 79. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, sperm, semen quality, ultrastructure, spermatozoon and surrounding
epithelium, seminal fluid, TEM study, probably immature male.
Feng,
Wen He; Huang, Xiang Ming; Li, Shao Chang; Yu, Jian Qiu; Fang, Sheng Guo. [Study
on the numberal [numeral] change and artificial breeding effect of giant panda.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, breeding programs, artificial breeding considerations, habitat
management, decrease in habitat distribution, forest and woodland, management,
considerations based on decrease in habitat distribution.
Li,
Ming Wen; Duan, Chong Wen; Song, Xiang Fen; Chen, Da Yuan; Zhang, Fu Xiang; Ye,
Zhi Yong; He, Guang Xi; Li, Shao Chang. Changes of calcium
distribution during capacitation and acrosome reaction of the giant panda
sperm. Acta Zoologica Sinica. 1995 Dec; 41(4): 420-424. ISSN: 0001-7302 Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sperm,
inorganic substances, calcium distribution, changes during sperm capacitation and
acrosome reaction, fertilization.
Tang,
Chun Xiang. [A female
giant panda coming into first oestrus at 2.5 year-old.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, age of first estrus, sexual maturation,
1994
Chen, M.; Zhang, G.;
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, semen evaluation, ejaculate volume, density, motility, pH
abnormalities, temporal variation,
Fang,
Sheng Guo; Huang, Min; Feng, Wen He; Liu, Shao Long; Zhang, An Ju; Yu, Jian
Qiou; He, Guang Xin; Li, Shao Chang; Li, Guang Han; Huang, Xiang Ming; Liu,
Chen Guang. [Study on the EDS of male reproductive organs of the giant pandas.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, inorganic substances, males, reproductive organs element
content, breeding success relationships.
Fang
Sheng Guo; Feng, Wen He; Zhang, An Ju; Yu, Ya Li; He, Guang Xin; Li, Shao
Chang; Yu, Jian Qiu; Huang, Xiang Ming; Song, Yun Fang. [DNA "fingerprints"
applied to paternity determination in the filial generation of artificial
breeding giant pandas.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive populations, breeding programs, genetic techniques,
DNA fingerprints, paternity determination, dizygotic twins identification,
ovary, ovulation timing during estrus phase.
Feng,
Wen H.; Zhang, An Ju; He, Guang Xin; Li, Shao Chang; Ye, Zhi Yong; Fang, Sheng
Guo. [The influence of different mating way to
breeding effect of giant panda.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1994; 14(4): 249-254. ISSN: 1000-1050.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, different methods, pregnancy rate, natural and artificial
insemination, geographic effect, reproductive behavior, conception rate in captivity,
Gao, Feng Qi; Bu, Hua; Zhao, Yang; Lu, Bao Jun; Wu,
Shu Qin. [Observation
on the sexual behaviour of male giant panda during the mating.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1994; 14(2): 81-85. ISSN: 1000-1050.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive male animal, sexual behaviors, feeding rate, male
animals, seasonal behaviors, mating period, mating activity behavior patterns,
vocalizations, feeding rate, acoustic signals.
Meng,
Chen; Gui Quan, Zhang; Main Ka, Susan A. Semen evaluation of giant pandas (Ailuropoda
melanoleuca) at the Wolong Reserve. Zoo Biology. 1994; 13(1): 83-86. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, males, testes, size, seminal fluid characteristics,
1993
Li,
Fu Dong; Peng, Shi Yuan; Ye, Zhi Yong; He, Guang Xin; Huang, Xiang Ming. [Changes of urinary 17[beta]-estradiol and progesterone levels in female
giant pandas during oestrus and its relation with breeding.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1993; 13(3): 166-171. ISSN:
1000-1050. Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English
summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproductive techniques, progesterone levels in urine, predictions
of optimum mating time, female hormones, progesterone and 17beta-oestradiol changes
during estrus, ovaries, reproductive biochemistry.
Liang, Qihui; Li, Gang. [A preliminary study on the breeding ecology
of the wild giant panda in the
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproduction, breeding ecology and behavior,
Liu, Wei Xin; Xie, Zhong; Liu, Nong Lin; Wang, Xiao. Observations on the parturient activities of the giant panda. Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1993; 13(4): 241-244. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, birth process, duration, fetal position, maternal behavior.
Peng,
Shi Yuan; Li, Fu Dong; Ye, Zhi Yong; Huang, Xiag Ming; He, Guang Xin. The changes of the sexual hormone concentration in female giant
pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) urine
during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Chinese Journal of Zoology. 1993; 28(2): 25-28. ISSN: 0250-3263. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, levels of sex hormone levels in urine, estrus cycle changes,
reproductive cycles, ovaries, mating behavior, pregnancy.
Qiu,
Xian Meng. [Comparative
study on artifical [sic] sperm collecting in giant pandas and brack [black]
bears.] Chinese Wildlife. 1993 September; 1993(5): 3-5, 15. ISSN: 1000-0127. Note:
In Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, black bears, semen collection, sperm collection, techniques
for each species,
Qiu,
Xian Meng. [The
relationship of cornified cell count in vaginal smear to sexual behavior of the
female giant panda during spring mating season.] Chinese Journal of Zoology. 1993; 28(2): 43-45. ISSN: 0250-3263. Note:
In Chinese.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, vaginal cells, vaginal smear, cornified cell counts,
relationship to sexual behavior, reproductive behavior.
Saito,
K. [Artificial insemination of pandas.] Animals and Zoos. 1993; 45(1): 14-16. ISSN: 0288-4887. Note:
In Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, artificial insemination, methods, successes.
Wei, Fu Wen; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, female animals, age of sexual maturity, bamboo food plants, Bashania fangiana, bamboo, bamboo flowering, impact on estrus timing, sexual maturation, ovary, estrous timing, nutritional status impacts estrus, reproductive rate, Wolong Natural Reserve, China.
2003
Bloomsmith,
M.A.; Jones, M.L.; Snyder, R.J.; Singer, R.A.; Gardner, W.A.; Liu, S.C.;
Maple, T.L. Positive reinforcement
training to elicit voluntary movement of two giant pandas throughout their
enclosure. Zoo
Biology. 2003; 22(4): 323-334.
ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, behavioral
techniques, care in captivity, environmental enrichment, conditioning,
positive reinforcement training, within enclosure voluntary movement induction
using positive reinforcement training, evaluation, Zoo Atlanta,
Hagey,
Lee; MacDonald, Edith. Chemical
cues identify gender and individuality in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Journal
of Chemical Ecology. 2003 June; 29(6): 1479-1488. ISSN: 0098-0331
NAL
call no: QD415.A1J6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, conspecific communication, phermones, scent marking,
chemical composition, scent glands, urine, vaginal secretions, short chain
fatty acids, gender and individual differences, identification techniques
for use in field biology.
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Wang, Zhi Peng; Tian, Hong; Yu, Chang Qing; Zhang, Gui Quan;
Wei, Rong Ping; Zhang, He Ming. Behavior
of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
in captive conditions: gender differences and enclosure effects. Zoo Biology.
2003, 22(1): 77-82. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: giant pandas, captive animals, dimorphic pattern
of behaviors, gender differences, anogenital-marking, semi-natural vs
traditional enclosures, facility design, stereotypical behaviors.
Snyder,
Rebecca J.; Zhang, An J.; Zhang, Zhi H.; Li, Guang H.; Tian, Yu Z.; Huang,
Xiang M.; Luo, Lan; Bloomsmith, Mollie A.; Forthman, Debra L.; Maple,
Terry L. Behavioral and developmental consequences
of early rearing experience for captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Journal
of Comparative Psychology. 2003 September; 117(3): 235-245. ISSN:
0735-7036
NAL
call no: 410 J822
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, young animals, behavioral development, peer rearing,
maternal behavior, maternal rearing provides more social stimulation.
2002
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Zhang, Gui Quan; Wei, Rong Ping; Zhang, He Min; Fang, Ji Ming;
Sun, Ru Yong. [Effects of sex and age on the behavior of captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Acta
Zoologica Sinica. 2002 Oct; 48(5): 585-590. ISSN: 0001-7302. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, age differences, gender differences, behavioral sex differences,
field study, anogenital rubbing, sniffing, behavioral variations, activity
levels, wild and captive animals, China Conservation and Research Center,
China.
Liu,
Xue Hua; Skidmore, Andrew K; Wang, Tie Jun; Yong, Yange; Prins, Herbert
H.T. Giant panda movements in Foping Nature Reserve,
China. Journal of Wildlife Management. 2002 October; 66(4): 1179-1188. ISSN: 0022-541X
NAL
call no: 410 J827
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, field study, radiotracking data, behavior and movement
patterns within habitat, seasonal ranges, winter range below 1,950 m,
summer range above 2,150m, conservation planning, Foping Nature Reserve,
China.
Lumpkin,
Susan; Seidensticker, John. Smithsonian
Book of Giant Pandas. Washington [D.C.]: Smithsonian Institution Press,
c2002. xiii, 206 p.: col. ill. ISBN:
1588340384
NAL
call no: QL737.C214L86 2002
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant
panda, endangered species, wildlife conservation, biology, habitat, life
history, interactions between animals and humans, zoos.
Swaisgood,
R.R.; Lindburg, D.G.; Zhang, H. Discrimination of oestrous status in giant pandas
(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) via
chemical cues in urine. Journal
of Zoology. 2002 July; 257(3): 381-386. ISSN: 0952-8369
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca,chemoreception, urine, ovary, estrous, male cues for reproductive
status of females, vomeronasal organ, flehmen and licking behavior, implications
for captive breeding programs.
White,
Angela M.; Swaisgood, Ronald R.; Zhang, He Min. The highs and lows of chemical communication in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): Effect of scent
deposition height on signal discrimination. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 2002 May; 51(6): 519-529. ISSN: 0340-5443
NAL
call no: QL751.B4
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanolea, social system, competition and avoidance characteristics,
chemical communications, marking postures, squat, reverse, legcock, handstand,
anogenital gland secretions, urine, all age and sex groups, differences
in scent deposit elevations, higher scent marks may be for competitive
ability and size, intra-specific competition.
Zhang,
Ying Yi; Wang, Hao; Wang, Da Jun; Zhu, Xiao Jian. [Feeding
behavior of wild giant panda (Ailuropoda
melanoleuca) in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, wild animals, feeding behavior, bamboo,
Zeng,
Zong Yong; Yue, Bi Song; Ran, Jiang Hong; Liu, Shao Ying; Chen, You Ping;
Jiang, Shi Wei. Panda's exploitation of habitats at the Wanglang Nature Reserve.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, animal behavior, habitat utilization, behavior patterns,
effects of human activities, Wanglang Nature Reserve, nature reserve,
mountain forests habitat,
2001
Guo,
Ji An; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, abundance and distribution of feces, indicators of population
density, habitat utilization, new methods of temporary spatial distribution
plots, 8 individuals, Yele Natural Reserve,
2000
Hu,
Jie; Hu, Jin
NAL
call no: QL1.T85
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, selection and utilization, bamboo, Fargesia nitida, Huanglongsi Reserve, compared to other locations,
age of shoots, seasonal variation, bamboo choice varies with location,
wild animals,
Swaisgood,
Ronald R.; Lindburg, Donald G.; Zhou, Xiao
NAL
call no: 410 B77
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, reproduction,
reproductive condition, behavioral sex differences, sex recognition, chemical
signals, odors, species recognition, conspecific odor discrimination.
Zhang,
G.Q.; Swaisgood, R.R.; Wei, R.P.; Zhang, H.M.; Han, H.Y.; Li, D.S.; Wu,
L.F.; White, A.M.; Lindburg, D.G. A method for encouraging maternal care in
the giant panda. Zoo Biology. 2000, 19(1): 53-63. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5 Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, maternal care and behavior, zoo animals, cub rejection,
post-parturition, surrogate toy panda, infant vocalization, urine, mother
own milk, reunification of infant and mother after training regime.
1999
Swaisgood,
Ronald R.; Lindburg, Donald G.; Zhou, Xiaoping. Giant pandas discriminate individual
differences in conspecific scent. Animal Behaviour. 1999 May; 57(5): 1045-1053. ISSN: 0003-3472
NAL
call no: 410 B77
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, chemoreception, conspecific scents, behavior, discrimination
of individual differences, anogenital gland secretion marking, urine,
female scent, behavioral sex differences, discriminatory capacity, physiological
and biochemical sex differences, genitalia, individual discrimination
capacity, scents.
1998
Angel,
Heather. Pandas. Voyageur Press,
Descriptors:
red panda, Ailurus fulgens, giant panda, Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, life history, endangered species, behaviors, popular
press, conservation, China.
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Fang, Ji Ming; Sun, Ru Yong; Zhang, Gui Quan; Wei, Rong Ping;
Zhang, He Min. [Behavioral comparison
in individuals of different sexual ability in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Acta Zoologica Sinica. 1998 Mar; 44(1):
27-34. ISSN: 0001-7302.
Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, sexual maturation, reproductive behavior, sexual abilities
effect on behavior, observations of captive animals.
1997
Deng,
Shiquan; Chen, Meng. [A study of special estrus behaviour in giant
pandas and its diagnosis.] Xinan Nongye Daxue Xuebao. 1997 Aug; 19(4):
386-388. ISSN: 1000-2642. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproductive techniques, female estrus behavior, ovary,
follical maturation.
Li,
De Seng; et al. [Superficial analysis on penned giant panda
giving feed to twins for 76 hours.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, twin cubs, parental care, feeding young, captive observations.
Lindburg,
Donald G.; Millard, Susan E. Behavioral issues in reproductive management
of cheetahs, with implications for the giant panda. In: Holst, Bengt [Ed.]. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment,
21-25 August 1995,
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, Acinonyx jubatus, cheetahs, captive care and husbandry,
reproduction, mating, scents and olfactory cues required for mating, breeding
and rearing records, management problems, zoos and wildlife parks.
1996
Wei,
Fu Wen; Zhou, Ang; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, food plants, bamboo stands preferred, habitat preference,
slope and bamboo stands selected, Mabian Dafengding Reserve,
Wei,
Fu Wen; Zhou, Cai Quan; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, bamboo food plants, Qiongzhuea
macrophylla, Yushania glauca,
stem size, species selected, bamboo preferences,
1995
Gao,
Wei; Zhu, Ben Ren. [Cub delivering
and nursing behaviors of giant panda under hight [sic] ambient temperature.]
Chinese Journal of Zoology.
1995 June; 30(3): 44-46. ISSN: 0250-3263. Note: In Chinese.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive animal, neonates, birth, delivery behavior, high
temperatures, parental care, nursing behavior.
1994
Gao,
Feng Qi; Bu, Hua; Zhao, Yang; Lu, Bao Jun; Wu, Shu Qin. Observation on the sexual behaviour of male giant panda during the mating.
Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1994; 14(2): 81-85. ISSN: 1000-1050.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, captive male animal, sexual behaviors, feeding rate,
male animals, seasonal behaviors, mating period, mating activity behavior
patterns, vocalizations, feeding rate, acoustic signals.
Lu,
Z.; Pan, W.; Harkness, J. Mother-cub relationships in giant pandas in
the
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, maternal behavior, foraging, relationships, age differences,
wildlife conservation,
Mainka,
Susan A.; Hemin, Zhang. Daily activity of captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) at the Wolong Reserve.
Zoo Biology. 1994; 13(1): 13-20. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive
animal behavior, activity survey, seasonal effects, age differences, diurnal
effects, reproductive state, sex differences, adults and young animals,
development of young animals, sex differences, age differences, pregnancy,
Wolong Nature Reserve.
1993
Liang,
Qihui; Li, Gang. [A preliminary
study on the breeding ecology of the wild giant panda in the
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, reproduction, breeding ecology and behavior,
Liu,
Wei Xin; Xie, Zhong; Liu, Nong Lin; Wang, Xiao. [Observations
on the parturient activities of the giant panda.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1993; 13(4): 241-244. ISSN: 1000-1050. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, birth process, duration, fetal position, maternal behavior.
Pan,
Wen Shi; Lu, Zhi. The giant panda. In:
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, population distribution, biology, life history, diets,
habitats,
Yong,
Yan Ge; Wang, Kuan Wu; Wang, Tie Jun. [Giant panda's moving habit in Foping.] Acta Theriologica
Sinica. 1994; 14(1): 9-14. ISSN: 1000-1050.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda
melanoleuca, wild animals, habitat, food availability, seasonal movements
between bamboo forests, population within habitat, bamboo forests, seasonal
movements and food availability, Foping Natural Reserve, China.
2003
Chen, Yu Cun; Zhao, Guang Jian; Dou, Yuan Yuan. [Cataract operation on a giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Zoology. 2003
June 20; 38(3): 47-49. ISSN: 0250-3263. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, elderly animal, cataracts, eye disease, case
study, excision operation, successful surgical procedure.
Gardner,
Wendy. Treatment
of bronchitis in a giant panda. Animal Keepers' Forum.
2003 October; 30(10): 423-424. ISSN: 0164-9531
NAL
call no: QL77.5.A54
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive individual, lung disease, bronchitis,
treatment techniques.
2002
Guo, Ding Zhong; Zhou, Shi
Qi; Li, Jia Kui; Hu, Xue
Ying; Yang, Shi Jin; Wang, Ming Quan; Du, You Shun; Yu, Han Cheng. [Pathological observation on multiple organ failure of aging giant panda.]
Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica
Sinica. 2002 May; 33(3): 295-298. ISSN: 0366-6964. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 AC86
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, senescence, elderly animal, aging effects,
diseases and disorders, multiple organ failure, pathology, case study.
Wang, Yong Xian; Yang, Yun
Fei; Yang, Yu Zhao; et al. [Isolation and identification of Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae from giant panda.] Chinese
Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2002 Feb; 32(2): 36-37;
Sum 294. ISSN: 1000-6419. Note: In
Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, bacterial diseases, Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, isolation and identification.
2001
Lei,
Lei; Yu, Xing Ming; Zeng, Wei;
Fei, Li Song; Wang, Qiang;
Zhang, Zai Rong. A survey of vaginal flora from
giant panda. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2001,
31(9): 10-11. ISSN: 1000-6419
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, vaginal microflora,
isolated, identified, Lactobacillus,
Peptostreptococcus,
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Geotrichum candidum.
Li,
De Sheng; Hu, Da Ming; Tang, Chun Xiang; Sutherland-Smith,
Meg; Rideout, Bruce. Diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failure in an eight-month-old
giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).
Proceedings American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, American Association
of Wildlife Veterinarians, Association of Reptilian and Amphibian Veterinarians,
National Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians Joint Conference
Orlando, Florida, September 18-23, 2001. American
Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Place of publication unknown. 2001:
i-xx, 1-411. Chapter pp. 239-241.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, young animals, diagnostic techniques, treatment
techniques, kidney diseases and disorders, acute renal failure, diagnosis
and treatment.
Yang, Wen; et al. [Detection and treatment of body surface mite
in giant panda.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, mites, skin parasites, detection, treatment.
Yu,
Jian Qiu; Ye, Zhi Yong; Li, Guang Han; Yang, Zhi; Ding, Pei Lin; Yang, Zhong Lin; Zhong, Shun Long; Zhu,
Zhu. [Study on the prevention and treatment of chronic gastroenteritis of giant
pandas.] Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica. 2001 Jan;
32(1): 73-79. ISSN: 0366-6964. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 AC86
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, treatment techniques, diseases and disorders,
chronic gastroenteritis, host pathology, disease treatment and prevention.
Yu,
Shu Rong; Yu, Jian Qiu; Li, Guang
Han; Yang, Zhi; Huang, Xiang
Ming; Zhang, Zhi He; Lan,
Jing Cao; Zhang, Shu Tao. [Isolation of E. agglomerans and Micrococcus were from oral cavity secretion of baby giant panda.]
Chinese Journal
of Applied and Environmental Biology. 2001, 7(3): 286-287. ISSN:
1006-687X. Note:
In Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH301.Y56
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, baby animal, chemical control, drug therapy;
treatment, antibiotic sensitivity test, Micrococcus,
Pantoea agglomerans,
clinical case study.
2000
He,
Hong Bin; Xia, Xian Zhu; Fan, Quan
Shui; Li, Jin Zhong;
Zou, Xiao Huan; Huang, Geng; Li Zhao Chun; Qiao, Jun; Zhou,
Dong Yu. Recognition of canine distemper
virus infection in the lesser panda. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science. 2000, 20(5): 447-449. ISSN: 1005-4545.
Note:
In Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: SF604.C58
Descriptors: lesser panda, canine distemper like virus (CDV),
post mortem, liver sample isolation, cubs immunized.
Wang,
Kai Yu; Xiong, Yan;
Geng, Yi; Li, Ying Lun; Zhang, He
Min; Zhang, Gui Quan;
Han, Hong Ying. [Pathological observations on bacterial septicaemia in submature giant panda.]
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2000,
30(1): 28-29. ISSN: 1000-6419. Note:
In Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sub-adult, bacterial septicemia, E. coli, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, gross lesions many parts of the
body, case reports, clinical picture, zoo animal,
Xiong, Yan; Zu, Zhi
Wen; Bai, Yu; et al. [Influence
of antibiotics and micro-ecologic preparation on intastinal
[intestinal] flora of sub-mature giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2000
Jul; 30(7): 34-35; Sum 275 ISSN:
1000-6419. Note: In Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, treatment techniques, antibiotics and micro
ecologic preparation, microbial associations, intestinal flora of immature
pandas, antibiotic effects, chemical factors.
Yang, Guang Cheng; Wang,
Jian Tang; Li, Tong Yi; et al. [Application of enzogram technique to examine
collagenase IV for diagnosis of spontaneous liposarcoma in giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 2000
Dec; 30(12): 39-40; Sum 280. ISSN: 1000-6419.
Note:
In Chinese with an English summary.
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, biochemical
techniques, diagnostic techniques, enzymes, collagenase
IV analysis as a diagnostic, neoplastic
diseases, spontaneous liposarcoma.
1999
Li,
Jin Zhong; Xia, Xian
Zhu; He, Hong Bin; Yu, Chun; Hu, Gui
Xue; Fan, Quan Shui; Zheng, Xian Chun; Huang, Geng; Wu, Yin Lian. Gene sequence analysis diagnosis of giant
pandas infected by canine distemper virus. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science. 1999, 19(5): 448-450. Note: In
Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: SF604.C58
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, viral disease, canine distemper virus, genetics,
nucleotide sequences, phylogeny, PCR, polymerase chain reaction, laboratory
diagnosis, liver, dog diseases,
NAL
call no: SF996.Z66 1999
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, veterinary medicine, animal husbandry, animal
health, wild animals, zoo animals,
Xiong, Yan; Peng, Guang Neng;
Zhang, Gui Quan; Li,
De Sheng; Wang, Peng Yan; [Application of dot-enzyme immunobinding assay for detecting enterotoxin
of Escherichia coli strain EL-1
from giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology.
1999, 29(5): 28-29. ISSN: 1000-6419. Note: In
Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, E.
coli strain EL-1, diagnostic techniques, enzyme immunoassay, assays
for enterotoxins, bacterial toxins.
Yang,
Guang Cheng; Wang, Jian
Tang; Li, Tong Yi; et al. [Operative
extirpation of synoviosarcoma in giant padan [panda]: a case.] Chinese
Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 1999 Feb; 29(2):
40; Sum 258. ISSN: 1000-6419.
Note: In Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, neoplastic disease,
surgical removal techniques, case study, pathology.
Zhu, Beu Ren; Guo, Wei. [Preliminary studies on the
relation between the discharge of intestinal mucus and bamboo intake in
captive giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Zoology. 1999, 34(4) 35-37. ISSN: 0250-3263. Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, intestinal secreted mucus, feed intake responses,
bamboo, captive animals,
1998
Hu Da Ming; et al. [Dignosis [diagnosis] and treatment of a giant panda whelp
with intractable abdominal distension.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, young animal, diagnosis and treatment, abdominal
distension, reproductive techniques.
Inaba, T.
[Fusion of the cervical vertebrae in the giant
panda.] Japanese
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 1998, 3(1): 37-42. ISSN: 1342-6133. Note: Japanese with an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, bone fractures, congenital abnormalities,
spine.
Long, Xiao Hai; Wen, Chuan Liang; Chen, Xiao Qin. [Rapid
diagnosis of canine distemper in giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 1998
May; 28(5): 30; Sum 249. ISSN: 1000-6419. Note: In
Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, rapid diagnostic techniques, canine distemper
virus.
Peng, Zhen
Xin; Zhu, Fei Bing;
Lu, Hui; Zhang, Cheng Lin. [Study of the microbial
flora of the faeces of giant pandas at
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, fecal samples, bacteria and fungi isolation,
Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp.,
fungi, microflora, zoo animals,
Wang Qiang; et al. [Hemorrhagic enteritis induced by Klebsielia [Klebsiella]
pneumoniae in giant
panda.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, bacterial diseases, Klebsiella pneumoniae, bacterial caused hemorrhagic
enteritis.
Xong,Yan; Wang, Yin; Peng, Guang Neng;
et al. [Study on the causes and natures of bacterial septicaemis
[septicemias] in sub-adult giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology.
1998 Jan; 28(1): 7-9; Sum 245. ISSN: 1000-6419. Note: In
Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sub-adult animals, bacterial diseases, septicemia.
Yang, Guang You. [Advances on parasites and parasitology of Ailuropoda melanoleuca.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary
Science. 1998, 18(2): 206-208.
Note: In Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C58
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, parasites, protozoans,
nematodes, Ascaris schroederi,
Ancylostoma caninum, Toxascaris selenactis, Sarcocystis
sp.
Ye,
Zhi Yong; Lu, Wen Qi; Liu, Xin Hua;
Jiang, Wen Qiu; Quan, Zhu Wan; Jin, Yin Gui; Li, Chang Yu. [Yersinia enterocolitica
infection in a giant panda and its treatment.] Chinese Journal
of Veterinary Medicine. 1998, 24(8): 11. Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C485
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, diarrhea, female animal, case study, symptoms,
clinical findings, pathogen isolation, medicinal plants, antibiotic resistance,
oral rehydration, saline, potassium chloride,
vitamins, natural reserve park, Korea.
Zou, Xing Huai; Zeng, Lu Jun; Sun, Zhong Wu; Yan, Wen; He, Guang
Xin; Wu, Kong Ju; Chen,Yu Cun; Weng,
Ni Na. [Analysis of lethal factors of diseased giant
pandas and prevention countermeasures.] Journal of
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, commonest causes of death, gastrointestinal
disease, malnutrition and exhaustion, young (pre-adult) animals, mixed forage, green
bamboo powder, starvation, preventative diet.
Zou, Xing Huai; Wang, Ai
Min; Zeng, Lu Jin; He, Guang
Xin; Wu, Kong Ju; Chen,
Yu Cun; Weng, Ni Na. Lethal
factors of diseases and protective countermeasures of wild and penned Giant
pandas. Journal of Forestry Research. 1998,
9(2): 77-80.
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, disease morbidity and mortality, digestive
system diseases, epilepsy, gastroenteritis, hemorrhage, malnutrition, pericarditis, pneumonia, poisoning, wild and captive animals,
helminthoses, tumors, age, zoo animals, China.
1997
Han,
Hong Ying. [Tiaolisheng (8501) for treating diarrhea of giant panda -
a case report.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, diarrhea, case report, treatment techniques,
herbal medicine.
Wang,
Qiang; Jiang, Hua; Tateko, N; Osamu, I; Imazu, Koji; Yonekitsu, Osa; Hayashi, Teruaki.
Campylobacter jejuni
infection in a giant panda. Chinese Journal of Veterinary
Science and Technology. 1997, 27(10): 35-36. ISSN: 1000-6419.
Note: In Chinese with an English
summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, hemorrhagic enteritis, intestinal disease,
drug therapy, treatment, ampicillin, vitamins,
case reports, diagnosis, feces, captive zoo animals.
Zhang,
Cheng Lin; Zhu, Fei Bing; Zhang, Jin Guo; Chen, Yong Lin; Guan, Fu Shi. [Study on the pathogenicity of Klebsiella to giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary
Science and Technology. 1997, 27(4): 40-41. ISSN: 1000-6419.
Note:
In Chinese with an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, gram negative bacillus, feces, enteritis,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
subsp. pneumoniae, drug
sensitivity, cefazolin, tobramycin,
cephalosporin, chloromycetin, kanamycin,
amikacin, gentamicin,
pathogenicity test with mice.
1996
Lopez, M.; Talavera,
C.; Rest, J.R.;
NAL
call no: 41.8 V641
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, lesion, bulbar conjunctive, outer limbus of eye, male, excision, case study, solar radiation,
neoplasms, zoo animal, surgical procedure, Spain.
Luna-Alvarez, M.A.; Moles-Cervantes, L.P. Torres-Barranca,
J.I.; Gual-Sill, F.
Investigacion serologica
de leptospirosis en fauna silvestre
mantenida en cautiverio
en el zoologico de
NAL
call no: SF604.V485
Descriptors: Ailuropoda, Tayassu, Thalarctos, Zalophus, Odocoileus, Pongo, Panthera, Ceratotherium, coyotes, Lupus vulgaris, Ursidae,
Leptospira interrogans,
seroprevalence, serovars, icterohaemorrhagiae,
canicola
and pyrogenes,
hebdomadis,
Pomona, grippotyphosa,
autumnalis,
panama, antibodies, serological
surveys, hosts, carrier state, zoonoses, bacterial
diseases, captive zoo animals, Mexico.
1995
Gao, Qi
Yu; et al. Pathomorphological observation on atherosclerosis in giant panda.Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica. 1995, 26(1): 76-80. ISSN: 0366-6964.
Note: In Chinese with an English
summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 AC86
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, spontaneous atherosclerosis; 22, 25 and 29
years old, 1 male and 2 female, pancreatitis,
pneumonia and myocarditis as cause of death, arcus aorta major, thoracic and abdominal segments of the
aorta, arteriola renalis,
lesion descriptions, pathology.
He Ting Mei; et al. [Diagnosis of allergic dermatitis in giant panda at a lactation period.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology. 1995;
25(7): 35-36; Sum No 215. ISSN: 1000-6419. Note: In
Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, lactation period, mammary glands, allergic
dermatitis.
Li,
G.H.; Zhong, S.L.; Zhang, A.J.; Yu, J.Q.; Li,
S.C.; Gao, X.K.; Gu, S.J.; Zhang, C.B.;
Chen, L.L.; Ke, H.; Qin,
G.M.. [Studies
on hemorrhagic enteritis in giant pandas.] Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica. 1995, 26(3):
268-275. ISSN: 0366-6964. Note: In
Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: 41.8 AC86
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, hemorrhagic enteritis, intestinal diseases,
viral diseases, pathology, diagnosis, drug therapy, wild animals, endangered
species, enteritis,
Shin,
Nam Sik; Choi, Yoon
Ju; Kwon, Shoo Wahn; Han, Duk Hwan; Lee, Gi Hwan; Jeong, Heek Kyoung;
Lee, Chang Woo; Chae, Chan Hee;
Kim, Sun Joong; Kweon,
Oh Kyeong; Lee, Heung Shik; Ye, Zhi Yong. [Case report of yersiniosis in a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Korean Journal of Veterinary Clinical Medicine. 1995, 12(1):
109-116. ISSN: 1225-4800. Note: In
Korean with an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, zoo animals, enteritis bacterial disease,
symptoms, drug therapy, drug resistance, antibiotics, ampicillin,
chloramphenicol, cefalotin,
tetracyclines, trimethoprim,
sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, gentamicin,
kanamycin, nafcillin,
danofloxacin, case report, Yersinia enterocolitica, Korean Republic.
Yu, Jian Qiu; et al. [Treatment of cirrhosis ascites of a giant panda using a combination of Chinese traditional
and western medicine.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 1995 February; 21(2):
37. ISSN: 0529-6005. Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C485
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, treatment techniques, diseases and disorders,
liver cirrhosis ascites treatment.
Zhang,
Zhi He; He, Guang Xin; Wang, Xing Liang; Zhong, Shun Long; Zhang, An Ju;
Li, Guang Han. [The study on the giant panda's intestinal flora.] Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1995; 15(3): 170-175. ISSN: 1000-1050.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, juvenile to adult animals, digestion, mutualism,
bacteria, intestinal microflora, relationship
to digestion and diseases, bacterial diseases.
1994
NAL
call no: 41.9 W648
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, village cats and dogs, sera, antibody testing,
viral diseases, canine distemper virus (CDV), canine coronavirus (CCV), canine herpesvirus
(CHV), Aujeszky virus (ADV), canine adenovirus
type 2 (CAV), and canine parvovirus (CPV), Wolong
Reserve, China.
Moles-Cervantes, L.P.; Pulido-Reyes,
J.; Banda-Ruiz, V.M.; Luna-Alvarez, M.A.; Galvadon-Rosas,
D.G.; Torres-Barranca, J.I. Diagnostico serologico de leptospirosis en un panda gigante (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). [Serological diagnosis of
leptospirosis in a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Tecnica Pecuaria en
NAL
call no: 49 T222
Descriptors: Leptospira interrogans, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, case reports, bacterial diseases, serovars, diagnosis, serum, antibodies, drug therapy, antibiotics,
symptoms, zoo animals, urinary tract diseases, Mexico.
Zhang,
Hua Xian; Wang, De Jun; Qiu,
Xian Meng; He, Yan Mei; Tang, Chun Xiang; Chen, Meng. [Pathological observations
on a young giant panda that died after 160 days of artificial nursing.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary
Medicine. 1994, 20(2): 14-15. Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C485
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, cub, hand rearing, case reports, zoo animals,
twinning, milk, pneumonia.
Zhang,
Chuan Bin; Gao, Xun
Kun; Gu, Shu Jun; Zhang, Zai Rong; Li, Guang
Ha; Zhong, Shun Long; Zhang, An Ju;
Yu, Jian Qiu; Li, Sao
Chang; Chen, Li Li; Ke,
Hong; Qin, Guang Ming. [The determination of MIC and MBC of three antimicrobial agents to pathogenic
bacteria of giant panda with hemorrhagic enteritis].
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, treatment techniques, bacterial disease,
antibiotics used and separation of strains, bacterial diseases, hemorrhagic
enteritis, bacterial strains separated and antibiotics used.
1993
Bush, M.; Montali, R.J.;
Fowler, M.E. Medical management of
giant pandas. W.B. Saunders Company;
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, diet, anesthesia, blood chemistry, hematology,
pathology, vaccination, nematodes, anemia, renal failure, diarrhea, reproduction
management.
NAL
call no: SF996.Z66 1993
Descriptors: Ailurus fulgens, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive animals, diets, hand rearing techniques, sedation, chemical
restraint and anesthesia, blood profile, blood values, hematology, parasites,
diseases, reproductive disorders, pathology, nutrition, digestive diseases.
Lai, Cong Long; et al. [Sarvey [sic] [survey] of endoparasites
of wild giant pandas.] Chinese Journal of Veterinary
Medicine. 1993 May; 19(5): 10. ISSN: 0529-6005.
Note:
In Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C485
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, wild animals, endoparasites,
levels, species, survey,
Mainka, Susan
A.; He, Tingmei. Immobilization
of healthy male giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) at the Wolong Nature
Reserve. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 1993 December; 24(4):
430-433. ISSN: 1042-7260
NAL
call no: SF601.J6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, males, immobilizations, chemical restraint,
sedation immobilization records, data review, Wolong
Nature Reserve,
Qiu, Xian
Meng; Mianka, Susan
A. Review of mortality of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 1993 December; 24(4):
425-429. ISSN: 1042-7260
NAL
call no: SF601.J6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, mortality factors, causes of death, a review,
parasites, diseases, disorders, captive and wild individuals,
Qiu, Xianmeng; et al. [Symptoms
of digestive [sic] of giant panda caused by hard water.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, water quality, hard water, effects on digestive
system, symptoms, chemical factors.
Qiu, Xian
Meng; et al. [Aetiological
investigation and treatment of intestinal obstruction in giant panda.]
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 1993 July; 19(7): 27.
ISSN: 0529-6005. Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C485
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, intestinal obstruction, etiology, treatment.
Zhang, Hua Xian; et al. [Pathological
observation on a young giant panda died after 160 days of artificial nursing.]
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 1994 February; 20(2):
14-15 ISSN: 0529-6005. Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C485
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, young animal, care in captivity, diseases
and disorders, pathology, case study report.
2003
Bloomsmith, M.A.; Jones, M.L.; Snyder, R.J.; Singer,
R.A.; Gardner, W.A.; Liu, S.C.; Maple, T.L. Positive reinforcement training to elicit voluntary movement of two giant
pandas throughout their enclosure. Zoo Biology. 2003; 22(4): 323-334. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, behavioral techniques, care in captivity,
environmental enrichment, conditioning, positive reinforcement training,
within enclosure voluntary movement induction using positive reinforcement
training, evaluation, Zoo Atlanta,
Czekala, Nancy;
McGeehan, Laura; Steinman, Karen; Xuebing, Li;
Gual Sil, Fernando. Endocrine monitoring and its application to the management of the giant
panda. Zoo Biology.
2003; 22(4): 389-400. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive females, assay techniques, immunoassays,
care in captivity, captive management, reproductive techniques, endocrine
monitoring, urinary estrogen and progestin hormone levels analysis, management
applications.
Durrant, Barbara S.; Olson, Mary Ann; Amodeo, Dianne; Anderson, Autumn; Russ, Kara D.; Campos-Morales,
Rogelio; Gual-Sill, Fernando; Garza, Juan Ramos.
Vaginal cytology
and vulvar swelling as indicators of impending
estrus and ovulation in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Zoo Biology. 2003;
22(4): 313-321. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, females, reproduction, monitoring the estrus
cycle, timing mating and artificial insemination, vaginal cytology, trichrome staining, histology, ovulation onset detection,
behavior changes, urinary estrogens.
Hare,
Valerie J.; Ripsky, Dallas; Battershill,
Rhonda; Bacon, Kim; Hawk, Kathy; Swaisgood, Ronald
R. Giant panda enrichment: Meeting
everyone's needs. Zoo Biology. 2003; 22(4): 401-416.
ISSN:
0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive
animals, housing techniques, environmental enrichment program establishment
and evaluation, San Diego Zoo, California, animal welfare, behavior, exploration
and exercise opportunities, the Zoo’s Giant Panda Enrichment Plan, enrichment
items, effectiveness, problems, solutions, guidelines.
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Wang, Zhi Peng;
Tian, Hong; Yu, Chang Qing; Zhang,
Gui Quan; Wei, Rong Ping; Zhang, He Ming.
Behavior of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
in captive conditions: gender differences and enclosure effects. Zoo Biology. 2003, 22(1): 77-82. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: giant pandas, captive animals, dimorphic pattern
of behaviors, gender differences, anogenital-marking,
semi-natural vs traditional enclosures, facility
design, stereotypical behaviors.
Olson, Mary Ann; Yan,
Huang; De Sheng, Li; Hemin,
Zhang; Durrant, Barbara. Comparison of storage techniques for giant panda sperm. Zoo Biology. 2003; 22(4): 335-345. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, semen
collection, long and short-term sperm storage techniques, comparative evaluation
for captive breeding programs, artificial insemination, electroejaculation,
buffering solutions, liquid nitrogen, glycerol, 4 cooling methods, San Diego
Zoo, California, Wolong Nature Reserve, China.
Snyder,
Rebecca J.; Zhang, An J.; Zhang, Zhi H.; Li, Guang H.; Tian, Yu Z.; Huang, Xiang M.; Luo, Lan; Bloomsmith, Mollie A.; Forthman, Debra L.; Maple, Terry L. Behavioral
and developmental consequences of early rearing experience for captive giant
pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).
Journal of Comparative Psychology.
2003 September; 117(3): 235-245. ISSN: 0735-7036
NAL
call no: BF671.J6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, young animals, behavioral development, peer
rearing, maternal behavior, maternal rearing provides more social stimulation.
Swaisgood, Ronald R.; Ellis, Susie; Forthman, Debra L.; Shepherdson,
David J. Commentary: Improving well-being for captive giant pandas:
Theoretical and practical issues. Zoo Biology. 2003;
22(4): 347-354. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive animals, panel discussion, enrichment
programs, physical and psychological well-being, stereotypies,
improved enclosure design and husbandry practices, bamboo feeding, social
interaction and communication, routine exposure to diverse/novel objects
to stimulate play and exploration.
Wilson, Megan; Kelling,
Angela; Poline, Laura; Bloomsmith,
Mollie; Maple, Terry. Post-occupancy evaluation of Zoo
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, zoos and wildlife parks,
2002
Chen, Guan Qun; Li, Xue Bing; Li, Guo Wei. [The
design and implementation of the imformation [information]
management system for the giant panda breeding research.] Journal of
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, breeding programs, breeding information management
system, database design and implementation.
Li,
De Sheng; Zhang, Hemin;
Zhang, Gui Quan; Wang,
Peng Yan; Wei,
Rong Ping; Huang, Yan;
Hu, Da Ming. [Study progress on hand-rearing techniques of giant panda at Wolong.] Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology. 2002;
8(2): 179-183; Serial No 36. ISSN:
1006-687X. Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH301.Y56
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, hand rearing, history of hand rearing techniques,
key factors, appropriate environment, acquirement of immune ability, proper
recipe of artificial milk, prevention and treatment of diseases and proper
feeding ways, Conservation and Research Center for Giant Panda of China,
review.
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Zhang, Gui Quan;
Wei, Rong Ping; Zhang,
He Min; Fang, Ji Ming; Sun, Ru
Yong. [Effects of sex and age on the behavior of
captive giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Acta Zoologica
Sinica. 2002 Oct; 48(5): 585-590. ISSN:
0001-7302. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, age differences, gender differences, behavioral
sex differences, field study, anogenital rubbing,
sniffing, behavioral variations, activity levels, wild and captive animals,
China Conservation and Research Center, China.
Liu, X.; Yu, J.; Li, M.; Yang, Z.; Li, G. Study of crude protein intake
and growth response in captive sub-adult giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).
Zoo Biology. 2002. 21(3):
223-232. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, young animals, dietary protein intake, crude
protein, live weight gain, age differences, protein requirements, feed intake,
dry matter, dietary concentrates, bamboos Bambusa, China.
Liu,
Xuan Zhen; Li, Ming Xi; Yu, Jian
Qiu; Hu, Da Ming; Yang, Zhi; Hu Ang, Xiang
Ming. [Study on apparent digestibility of crude protein by captive sub-adult
giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental
Biology. 2002; 8(2): 174-178; Serial No 36. ISSN: 1006-687X . Note: In Chinese
with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH301.Y56
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, digestibility of crude protein, sub-adult
level animals, diets with various levels of protein, age effects.
Lumpkin, Susan; Seidensticker,
John.
Smithsonian Book
of Giant Pandas. Washington
[D.C.]: Smithsonian Institution Press, c2002. xiii,
206 p.: col. ill. ISBN: 1588340384
NAL
call no: QL737.C214L86 2002
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant panda, endangered species, wildlife
conservation, biology, habitat, life history, interactions between animals
and humans, zoos.
Shen, Fu Jun; Zhang, Zhi
He; Li, Guang Han; Zhang, An
Ju. Pedigree analysis of captive giant panda. Acta Genetica Sinica. 2002 Apr; 29(4): 307-313. ISSN: 0379-4172. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH431.I172
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, population genetics,
captive populations, pedigree analysis, Sparks Ver.
1.4 Software, genetic diversity, pedigree analysis indications, significance to long-term conservation.
Swaisgood, R.R.;
Lindburg, D.G.; Zhang, H. Discrimination of oestrous
status in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
via chemical cues in urine. Journal
of Zoology. 2002 July; 257(3): 381-386. ISSN: 0952-8369
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, chemoreception, urine, ovary, estrous, male
cues for reproductive status of females, vomeronasal
organ, flehmen and licking behavior, implications
for captive breeding programs.
Wang,
Ai Min; Zhang, Gui Quan. [Balanced trial of different ratio of dietay
roughage in sub-adult giant pandas.] Acta Theriologica
Sinica. 2002 Feb; 22(1): 71-73, 52.
ISSN:
1000-1050. Note: In
Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, diets, captive animals, roughage ratio effects,
digestibility, energy intake.
2001
Huang,
Yan; Li, De Sheng; Zhang,
He Min; Du, Jun; Zhang, Gui
Quan; Wei, Rong Ping; McGeehan, Laura; Howard, Jogayle;
Tang, Chun Xiang; Wang, Peng
Yan. [Artificial
insemination of a giant panda with cooled semen: an effort to promote genetic
diversity in a captive population.] Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology. 2001;
7(6): 558-562; Serial No 34. ISSN: 1006-687X.
Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: QH301.Y56
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive breeding and rearing records, artificial
insemination, case report.
Huang,
Yan; Zhang, Gui
Quan; Zhang, He Min. [Reproduction and life table of captive population of giant panda (Ailiropoda [Ailuropoda] melanoleuca).]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive breeding programs, reproduction and
life tables, age, weight, pregnancy, gestation period, sexual maturation,
breeding season, litter numbers, and size, life tables, sex ratios.
Huang,
Yan; Zhang, Gui
Quan; Zou, Xing Huai. [Demographic
analyses of the captive population of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Journal of
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive animal breeding programs, demographic
analyses of captive population, life tables
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Zhang, Gui Quan;
Wei, Rong Ping; Chen,
Lin Qiang; Zhang, He Min. [A study on the growth and
development of captive-born giant panda cubs.] Journal of
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sex
differences, young animals, development and growth, captive animals.
Peng, Jian Jun; Jiang, Zhi Gang; Liu, Wei Xing; Huang, Shi Qiang; Zhang,
Jing Guo; Wang, Wan
Ming. Growth and
development of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) cubs at
NAL
call no: QL1.J68
Descriptors:
giant panda cubs, males, females, growth rates, gender differences, artificial
and maternal feeding differences, body length, chest circumferences, tail
length, teeth, fur color changes, sense organs, limbs, body weight, zoo
animals.
Swaisgood, R.R.; White, A.M.; Zhou, Xiao Ping; Zhang,
He Min; Zhang, Gui Quan;
Wei, Rong Ping; Hare,V.J.; Tepper, E.M.; Lindburg, D.G. A quantitative assessment of
the efficacy of an environmental enrichment programme
for giant pandas. Animal Behaviour.
2001, 61(2): 447-457. ISSN: 0003-3472
NAL
call no: 410 B77
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
Tang,
Chun Xiang; Zhang, He
Min. [Role of captive breeding in giant panda's conservation biology.]
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, breeding programs, captive breeding, possible
role in conservation, endangered species, a review.
Zhang,
Gui Quan; Zou, Xing Huai; Liang, Ming Shan; Hong, Mei Ling;
Yang, Chun Hua; Han, Hong Ying; Sun, Me I.; Wu,
Li Feng. Effects of the enzyme preparation adding to
giant panda's diets on the digestion and absorption of gross energy. Journal of
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, diet supplements, several compound enzyme
preparations, digestion and absorption rates, bamboo digestion, feed additives,
net energy, zoo animals.
Zou, Xing Huai; Zhang, Gui Quan; Hong, Mei Ling; Liang, Ming Shan; Wang,
Li Jun; Yang, Chun Hua; Xu, Er
Xing; Sun, Mei; Huang, Zhi.
Study on the effect of exotic enzyme
on the digestion rate of the nutritional matter of giant panda's diet.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, diets in captivity, enzymes, digestion rate,
effect of exotic enzyme preparations.
2000
Hawk,
Kathy. Giant panda management: a keeper's perspective. American Zoo and Aquarium Association Regional
Conference Proceedings.
2000, p. 152-156. ISSN: 1088-0402
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, care in captivity, animal care taker, husbandry.
Hou, Rong; Huang, Xiang Ming; Li, Guang Han; Yu, Jian Qiu; Yie,
Zhi Yong; Yang, Zhi;
Zhang, Zhi He; Zuo,
Hong. Hand-rearing on newborn infant of low body weight of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanleuca [melanoleuca]). Acta Theriologica Sinica. 2000 May; 20(2): 146-150. ISSN: 1000-1050
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, low weight infant animals, hand rearing techniques.
Zhang,
G.Q.; Swaisgood, R.R.; Wei,
R.P.; Zhang, H.M.; Han, H.Y.; Li, D.S.; Wu, L.F.; White, A.M.; Lindburg, D.G. A method for encouraging maternal
care in the giant panda. Zoo Biology. 2000, 19(1): 53-63. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
call no: QL77.5 Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, maternal care and behavior, zoo animals,
cub rejection, post-parturition, surrogate toy panda, infant vocalization,
urine, mother own milk, reunification of infant and mother after training
regime.
1999
NAL
call no: SF996.Z66 1999
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, veterinary medicine, animal husbandry, animal
health, wild animals, zoo animals,
Zhu, Beu Ren; Guo, Wei. [Preliminary studies on the
relation between the discharge of intestinal mucus and bamboo intake in
captive giant panda.] Chinese Journal of Zoology. 1999, 34(4): 35-37. ISSN: 0250-3263 Note: In
Chinese.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, intestinal secreted mucus, feed intake responses,
bamboo, captive animals,
1998
Chen, Yu Cun; Zou, Long Yi; Zheng, Ding Tuan. Study of the digestive rate of coarse cellulose of [in] giant pandas.
Journal of Forestry Research. 1998, 9(1): 44-47.
NAL
call no: 99.8 F768
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, cellulose, bamboo concentrates, feeds, diets,
utilization, digestibility, meal,
Chen,Yu Cun; Weng, Ni Na; Zou, Xing Huai; Wang, Ai Min; Zheng, Ding
Tuan.
[Comparative study on digestion rates of coarse cellulose between
combined bamboo powder feed and regular feed for giant pandas.] Journal of
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, digestion rates, bamboos, cellulose digestion,
processing, crushing, endangered species,
Liu,
Ding Zhen; Fang, Ji Ming; Sun, Ru
Yong; Zhang, Gui Quan;
Wei, Rong Ping; Zhang, He Min. [Behavioral comparison in individuals of different
sexual ability in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Acta Zoologica Sinica. 1998 Mar; 44(1): 27-34. ISSN: 0001-7302. Note: In
Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sexual maturation, reproductive behavior,
sexual abilities effect on behavior, observations of captive animals.
Niu, Li Li. [The raising management of a 22-year old giant
panda during exhibition period in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, care in captivity, management during exhibition
period.
Smantek, Gunter. Ein Bambusbar (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) im Tierpark
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, history of an individual giant panda specimen,
care and handling,
Zou, Xing Huai; Zeng, Lu Jun; Sun, Zhong Wu; Yan, Wen; He, Guang
Xin; Wu, Kong Ju; Chen,Yu Cun; Weng,
Ni Na. [Analysis of lethal factors of diseased giant
pandas and prevention countermeasures.] Journal of
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, commonest causes of death, gastrointestinal
disease, malnutrition, exhaustion, young
(pre-adult) animals, mixed forage, green bamboo powder, starvation, preventative
diet.
1997
Chen,
Da Yuan; Song, Xiang
Feng; Duan, Chong
Wen; Li, Ming Wen; Sun,
Qing Yuan; Liu, Hui; Zhang, Anju; Ye, Zhi Yong; Li, Shao Chang; Li, Guang Han; Yu, Jian Qiu; Zhang, Fu Xiang; Feng, Wen
He; Zhong, Shun Long; He, Guang
Xi; Son, Yun Fang; Fei,
Li Song. Applying bases for "double control"
artificial breeding of giant panda in captivity. Chinese Science Bulletin.
1997 May; 42(9): 775-779. ISSN: 1001-6538
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, reproductive techniques, breeding programs,
female hormone treatment and semen storage techniques, captive breeding
significance.
Feng, Wen He; Zhao, Jia;
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, frozen semen, semen, spermatozoa, testes,
zoo animals.
Gual, S.F.;
Pulido, R.J. Resultados
preliminares de la inseminacion
artificial
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endoscopy, artificial insemination, zoo animals,
Li, De Seng; et al. [Superficial analysis on penned giant panda
giving feed to twins for 76 hours.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, twin cubs, parental care, feeding young,
captive observations.
Lindburg, Donald
G.; Millard, Susan E. Behavioral issues in reproductive management
of cheetahs, with implications for the giant panda. In: Holst, Bengt [Ed.]. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment,
21-25 August 1995,
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Acinonyx jubatus, cheetahs, captive care and husbandry, reproduction,
mating, scents and olfactory cues required for mating, breeding and rearing
records, management problems, zoos and wildlife parks.
Zheng, Shu Ling; Zhao, Q.;
Xie, Zhong; Wildt,
D.E.; Seal, U.S. [Ed] Giant Panda Ailuropoda
melanoleuca Captive Management Planning Workshop
Chengdu, China 10-13 December 1996. IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding
Specialist Group,
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, meetings, breeding programs, captive management
planning workshop report, captive animals,
Zou, Xing
Huai; Wang, Ai Min. [Study on amino acid apparent digesting rate
of giant pandas diet.] Journal of Economic Animal. 1997, 1(3): 15-18. Note: In
Chinese with an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, nutrition, amino acids, absorption, digestibility,
body weight, zoo animals.
1996
Feng, Wen He; Zhao, Jia; Fujihara, N. [Natural
conservation and research trends of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 1996, 1(2):
135-142. Note: In Japanese with an
English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, breeding, endangered species conservation,
zoo animals, research trends.
Zhang,
G.; Zhang, H.; Chen, M.; He, T.; Wei, R.; Mainka, S.A. Growth
and development of infant giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) at the Wolong Reserve,
China. Zoo Biology. 1996. 15(1): 13-19. ISSN: 0733-3188
NAL
Call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered species, newborn animals, growth
rate, biological development, captive animals, rearing techniques, maternal
vs human rearing, infant growth and development,
comparison study, size, weight, daily weight gain, growth and ontogeny,
animal husbandry, artificial rearing, China.
1995
Dierenfeld, E.S.;
Qiu, X.;
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, feed formulation and evaluation, zoological
gardens, nutrient requirements, reproductive performance,
Feng, Wen He; Huang, Xiang Ming; Li, Shao Chang; Yu,
Jian Qiu; Fang, Sheng Guo. [Study on the numberal [numeral] change and artificial breeding effect of
giant panda.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, breeding programs, artificial breeding considerations,
habitat management, decrease in habitat distribution, forest and woodland,
management, considerations based on decrease in habitat distribution.
Gao, Wei;
Zhu, Ben Ren.
[Cub delivering and nursing behaviors of giant panda under hight
[sic] ambient temperature.] Chinese Journal of Zoology.
1995 June; 30(3): 44-46. ISSN: 0250-3263
Note: In Chinese.
NAL
call no: QL1.T8
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive animal, neonates, birth, delivery
behavior, high temperatures, parental care, nursing behavior.
1994
Fang
Sheng Guo; Feng, Wen He; Zhang, An Ju; Yu, Ya Li; He, Guang Xin; Li, Shao Chang; Yu, Jian Qiu; Huang, Xiang Ming; Song, Yun Fang. [DNA "fingerprints" applied to paternity
determination in the filial generation of artificial breeding giant pandas.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, captive populations, breeding programs, genetic
techniques, DNA fingerprints, paternity determination, dizygotic twins identification, ovary, ovulation timing during
estrus phase.
Feng, Wen H; Zhang, An
Ju; He, Guang Xin; Li, Shao Chang; Ye, Zhi Yong; Fang,
Sheng Guo. [The influence of different mating way to breeding effect of giant panda.]
Acta Theriologica
Sinica. 1994; 14(4): 249-254. ISSN: 1000-1050.
Note:
In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, different methods, pregnancy rate, natural
and artificial insemination, geographic effect, reproductive behavior, conception
rate in captivity,
Liu,
Wei Xin; Liu, Nong Lin; Zhang, He Min; Qiu, Xian
Meng; Zhang, Gui Quan. Hand-rearing of newborn giant panda. Chinese Science
Bulletin. 1994 March; 39(6): 514-519. ISSN: 1001-6538
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, neonates, hand rearing techniques, captive
breeding and rearing records, cub development, cub growth rate, Wolong Nature Reserve,
Lu,
Z.; Pan, W.; Harkness, J. Mother-cub
relationships in giant pandas in the
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, maternal behavior, foraging, relationships,
age differences, wildlife conservation,
1993
Qiu, Xianmeng; et al. [Symptoms
of digestive [sic] of giant panda caused by hard water.]
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, water quality, hard water, effects on digestive
system, symptoms, chemical factors.
Saito,
K. [Artificial insemination of pandas.] Animals and Zoos.
1993; 45(1): 14-16. ISSN: 0288-4887.
Note: In Chinese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, artificial insemination, methods, successes.
Zhang, Hua Xian; et al. [Pathological
observation on a young giant panda died after 160 days of artificial nursing.]
Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 1994 February; 20(2):
14-15 ISSN: 0529-6005. Note: In Chinese.
NAL
call no: SF604.C485
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, young animal, care in captivity, diseases
and disorders, pathology, case study report.
2003
Loucks, C.J.; Lu, Zhi; Dinerstein, E.; Wang, DaJun; Fu,
DaLi; Wang, Hao; The giant pandas of the Qinling
Mountains, China: a case study in designing conservation landscapes for
elevational migrants. Conservation Biology. 2003, 17(2):
558-565. ISSN: 0888-8892. Note: In
English with a Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: QH75.A1C5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered species, 24 montane
forest areas, refuge has 220 pandas, elevational
migrants, nature reserves, linkages between habitat blocks, outlook for
long term survival of the species in the wild, Shaanxi
Province, China.
Lu, Yihe; Chen, Liding; Fu, Bojie; Liu, Shiliang. A framework for evaluating the effectiveness
of protected areas: The case of Wolong Biosphere
Reserve. Landscape
and Urban Planning. 2003 15 May; 63(4): 213-223. ISSN: 0169-2046
NAL
call no: QH75.A1L3
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, Wolong
Biosphere Reserve, operational framework for conservation, effectiveness
of reserve,
2002
An, L.; Lupi, F; Liu,
J.G.; Linderman, M.A.; Huang, JinYan. Modeling
the choice to switch from fuelwood to electricity
implications for giant panda habitat conservation. Ecological Economics. 2002, 42(3): 445-457. ISSN: 0921-8009
NAL
call no: QH540.E26
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, biodiversity of habitat concerns, electrical
energy, fuelwood, environmental impact, panda
habitats, human activity, conservation, Wolong
Nature Reserve, habitat loss, sociological study of choices for cooking
and heating, China.
Chen, Yong Hong; Guo,
Jian; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, censusing techniques,
population studies, accuracy determination, cluster analysis, bite site
of panda faces, Yele Natural Reserve,
Guo, Jian; Chen, Yong Hong; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, population genetics,
population dynamics,
Hu, Jie; Li, Yan Hong; Hu, Jin
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population size trends, forest habitat preference,
Kontoleon, A.; Swanson, T.; Wang, Qi Wen; Xuejun,
Q; Yang, C; Pearce, D. (ed.); Pearce, C. (ed.); Palmer, C. Optimal
ecotourism: the economic value of the giant panda in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, tourist value, ecotourism development, Wolong Reserve, willing to pay, carrying-capacity, contingent
valuation, demand, nature reserves, returns on investment, China.
Lu,
Zhi. Giant
Pandas in the Wild: Saving an Endangered Species.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation of endangered
species, comprehensive works, distribution, biology and conservation, comprehensive
account,
Lumpkin, Susan; Seidensticker,
John.
Smithsonian Book
of Giant Pandas. Washington
[D.C.]: Smithsonian Institution Press, c2002. xiii,
206 p.: col. ill. ISBN: 1588340384
NAL
call no: QL737.C214L86 2002
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, giant panda, endangered species, wildlife
conservation, biology, habitat, life history, interactions between animals
and humans, zoos.
Shen, Guo Zhen; Li, Jun Qing; Ren, Yan Lin; Ma, Yu Fei. Indicators
for giant panda's habitat degradation and restoration. Journal of
NAL
call no: SD221.P45
Descriptors: Abies, Ailuropoda melanoleuca,Picea,
topography, altitude, slope grade, aspect,
bamboos, botanical composition, forest canopy, forest trees, habitat
destruction indicators, natural and wildlife conservation, plant communities,
plant heights, restoration, reallocation and rehabilitation, shrubs, stand
density,
Wang, Hao; Li, Sonn Gang; Pan, Wen Shi. Population viability analysis
of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered status,
2001
An,
L.; Liu, J.G.; Ouyang, Zhi
Yun; Linderman, M; Zhou, Shi Qiang; Zhang, He Min.
Simulating demographic and socioeconomic processes on household level and
implications for giant panda habitats. Ecological Modelling. 2001, 140(1-2): 31-49. ISSN: 0304-3800
NAL
call no: QH541.15.M3E25
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, demography, fuel consumption, fuelwood, habitats, nature reserves, simulation models, socioeconomics,
wildlife conservation,
Cai, Xu Shen.
Superfical [Superficial] view on reasons
why giant panda becoming rare and in imminent danger.
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
endangered status, comment.
Li, Zhao Hua; Denich, M. Survival
of giant panda in the wild. Tigerpaper. 2001, 28(1): 10-14. ISSN: 1014-2789
NAL
call no: QL84.5.A1T53
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population dynamics, threats, logging, deforestation,
habitat fragmentation, illegal hunting, mass flowering of bamboos, conservation
prospects.
Li, Zhao Hua; Denich, M. An approach on the survivorship of giant panda in wild. Journal of Forestry Research. 2001, 12(1): 59-62. ISSN: 1007-662X
NAL
call no: SD221.J67
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population declines, natural habitat destruction,
catching and poaching, bamboo flowering, conservation, possible reintroduction,
Liu,
J.; Linderman, M.; Ouyang,
Z.; An, L.; Yang, J.; Zhang, H. Ecological degradation in protected
areas: the case of Wolong Nature Reserve for giant
pandas. Science. (
NAL
call no: 470 SCI2
Descriptors: nature reserves, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation concerns, endangered
species, environmental degradation,
Abstract: It is generally perceived that biodiversity
is better protected from human activities after an area is designated as
a protected area. However, we found that this common perception was not
true in Wolong Nature Reserve (southwestern
Loucks, C.J.; Lu Zhi; Dinerstein, E; Wang, Ha O.; Olson, D.M.; Zhu, Chunquan; Wang, Da Jun. Giant pandas in a changing landscape. Science (Washington.) 2001, 294(5546): 1465.
ISSN: 0036-8075.
NAL
call no: 470 SCI2
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered species, mountain habitats, Qinling mountains, landscape and
habitat protection, wildlife conservation,
Abstract: This paper presents the
situation of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in the changing landscape of
Peng, Jian Jun; Jiang, Zhi Gang; Hu, Jin
NAL
call no: 410 Z792
Descriptors:
giant panda, distribution, population, habitat, conservation, wildlife conservation,
2000
Hezlep, Richard;
Perkins, Lori. PANDA PIPELINE: audio video applications in giant panda conservation.
American Zoo and Aquarium Association Annual Conference Proceedings.
2000: 75-82
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, zoos and wildlife parks, conservation measures,
audio video applications, care in captivity, Zoo Atlanta,
1999
Carter, J.; Ackleh, A.S.;
Leonard, B.P.; Wang, Hai Bin. Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
population dynamics and bamboo (subfamily Bambusoideae)
life history: a structured population approach to examining carrying capacity
when the prey are semelparous.
Ecological Modelling. 1999, 123(2-3): 207-223. ISSN: 0304-3800
NAL
call no: QH541.15.M3E25
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, life history, population dynamics, biomass,
starvation concerns, mathematical models for carrying capacity of forage,
bamboos, natural resources, populations, implication for panda conservation,
bamboo die-offs, corridors to food supplies.
Chen, Li Ding; Fu, Bo Jie
(ed.); Nakagoshi, N (ed.); Xiao, Du
Ning (ed.); Godron,
M. Application of landscape connectivity in habitat suitability evaluation
- case study in Wolong Nature
NAL
call no: TA1.J6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, case studies, evaluation, Wolong Nature Reserve, nature conservation, survival requirements,
landscape, habitats, endangered species, GIS, geographical information systems,
Liu,
Jian Guo; Ouyang, Zhi Yun;
Taylor, W.W.; Groop, R.; Tan, Ying Chun; Zhang,
He Ming. A framework for evaluating the effects of human factors on wildlife habitat:
the case of giant pandas. Conservation Biology. 1999, 13(6): 1360-1370. ISSN: 0888-8892. Note: In
English with a Spanish summary.
NAL
call no: QH75.A1C5
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, evaluation, wildlife, case studies, Woolong Nature Reserve, nature conservation, endangered wild
animals, impacts of human activity, habitats, government policy, regional
policy, social policy, China.
Reid, Donald G.; Jien
Gong.
Giant panda conservation
action plan. In:
Servheen, Christopher; Herrero,
Stephen; Peyton, Bernard. Bears: Status
Survey and Conservation Action Plan, IUCN. Published by Gland;
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, disturbances by human activities, conservation
threats, conservation measures, recommendations, endangered status, population
estimates,
1998
Angel,
Heather. Pandas.
Voyageur Press,
Descriptors:
red panda, Ailurus fulgens, giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
life history, endangered species, behaviors, popular press, conservation,
China.
1997
Li, Xin Hai; Li,
NAL
call no: 410 AC87
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population studies, relevance to conservation,
inbreeding concerns, outlook for long term survival in the wild, significance,
population viability analysis,
Taylor, A.H.; Qin, Z.;
Chapman, G.P.
The dynamics of
temperate bamboo forests and panda conservation in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, habitat maintenance and restoration, forest
canopy characteristics, bamboo stand characteristics, forest management,
clear cutting, conservation, China.
Vehrs, Kristen. The
politics of conservation: are we saving the giant panda yet? American Zoo and Aquarium Association Regional Conference Proceedings.
1997: 417-419. ISSN: 1088-0402
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, historical review
and current situation.
Wildt, David
E.; Seal, Ulysses S. The Conservation Breeding Specialist
Group and the development of a captive management masterplan for giant pandas in
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, zoos and wildlife parks, zoos, captive management
masterplan, breeding programs, Nearctic region,
Zhang,
Ya Ping; Ryder, Oliver A.; Fan, Zhi
Yong; Zhang, He Ming; He, Ting Mei; He, Guang Xin; Zhang, An Ju; Fei, Li Song; Zhong, Shun Long; Chen, Hong; Zhang, Cheng Lin; Yang, Ming
Hai; Zhu, Fei Bing; Peng, Zhen Xin; Pu, Tian Chun; Chen, Yu Cun; Yao, Min Da;
Guo, Wei. Sequence variation and genetic diversity in the giant panda.
Science
in
NAL
call no: QD1.S34
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, nucleic acids, molecular
genetics, mtDNA-D loop region, tRNA
gene sequence variation, population genetics, phylogeny, genetic diversity
implications, biochemical variation, evolutionary implications, significance
for conservation.
Zhou, Zhi Hua; Pan, Wen Shi. Analysis of the viability of a giant panda population. Journal of Applied Ecology. 1997 April; 34(2): 363-374. ISSN:
0021-8901
NAL
call no: 410 J828
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation measures, conservation proposals,
population viability assessment model, reproductive success, population
dynamics,
1996
Butler,
Sydney J. A brief history and status
of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association's Giant Panda Action Plan.
Animal Keepers' Forum.
1996 February; 23(2): 87-89. ISSN: 0164-9531
NAL
call no: QL77.5.A54
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, American Zoo and Aquarium Association, conservation
plan, history and status,
Feng, Wen He; Zhao, Jia; Fujihara, N. [Natural
conservation and research trends of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).] Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 1996, 1 (2):
135-142. Note: In Japanese with an
English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, breeding, endangered species conservation,
zoo animals, research trends.
1995
Pan,
Wenshi. New hope for
NAL
call no: 470 N213
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered species, behavior, wild animal
conservation measures, Qin Ling,
1994
Gittleman, John L. Are pandas successful specialists or evolutionary failures?
Bioscience. 1994
July-August; 44(7): 456-464. ISSN: 0006-3568
NAL
call no: TP248.13.B53
Descriptors:
Ailurus fulgens, red
panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca,
giant panda, adaption, conservation measures,
phylogeny implications, divergence, a review.
Kiefer,
Michael. Of pandas
& principles. International Wildlife.
1994 July-August; 24(4): 30-35. ISSN: 0020-9112
NAL
call no: S960.I5
Descriptors: comprehensive zoology, conservation of endangered
species, wildlife protection, contribution of G. Schaller, biography of
a naturalist, his contributions to wildlife protection.
Lu,
Z.; Pan, W.; Harkness, J. Mother-cub
relationships in giant pandas in the
NAL
call no: QL77.5.Z6
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, maternal behavior, foraging, relationships,
age differences, wildlife conservation,
MacKinnon, John; De Wulf,
Robert. Designing protected
areas for giant pandas in
NAL
call no: QH541.15.M64M37 1994
Descriptors: Aluropoda elanoleuca, mountain habitat management, survey and planning,
national parks and reserves, management planning, ecological mapping, satellite
imagery, conservation planning,
Masui,
Mitsuko. [The urgent need for protection
of the giant panda.] Animals and Zoos. 1994; 46(8): 17;
No 534. ISSN: 0288-4887.
Note: In Japanese.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, endangered species, status, conservation
concerns,
O'Brien, Stephen J.; Wen
Shi, Pan; Zhi, Lu. Pandas, people and policy. Nature (
NAL
call no: Q1.N3
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation, policy review, societal pressures,
endangered species,
Qin, Zi Sheng; Taylor, A.H.; Liu, Jie. [Population structure and dynamics of bamboo
and its relevance to giant panda conservation.] Journal of Bamboo Research. 1994, 13(3): 4-15. ISSN: 1000-6567.
Note:
In Chinese with an English summary.
NAL
call no: SB317.B2C4
Descriptors: population structure, dynamics, Fargesia robusta, Bashania fangiaia, Wolong Natural Reserve, giant pandas staple diet, conservation
concerns,
1993
Pan, Wen Shi; Lu, Zhi. The giant panda. In:
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population distribution, biology, life history,
diets, habitats,
Reid,
Donald G. Pandas and politics. In:
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation
measures, political considerations
Su,
Bing; Shi, Li Ming; He, Guang Xin;
Zhang, An Ju; Song, Yun
Fang; Zhong, Shun Long; Fei,
Li Song. Genetic diversity in the giant panda: evidence from protein electrophoresis.
Chinese Science
Bulletin. 1994 August; 39(15): 1305-1309. ISSN: 1001-6538
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, conservation, genetic diversity implications,
molecular genetics, population genetics, inbreeding concerns, protein analysis
for genetic diversity, biochemical variation.
Yong,
Yan Ge; Zhang, Ji An; Zhang, Shan Ning. [The distribution
and number of the giant panda in the Foping reservation.]
Acta Theriologica Sinica. 1993; 13(4): 245-250. ISSN: 1000-1050 Note: In Chinese with a Chinese and an English summary.
Descriptors: Ailuropoda melanoleuca, population density measurements, mathematical
models, estimates, National Foping Natural Reserve,
Zhi Yong,
Fan; Yan Ling, Song. On the importance of nature
reserves in nature conservation in
NAL
call no: QL84.5.A1T53
Descriptors:
Ailuropoda melanoleuca, national parks and reserves,
importance of protected habitats, conservation,
The
site is quite comprehensive about the Wolong
panda reserve and research center. Topics
on the site include background information about the animals, taxonomy,
distribution, habitat, threats to survival, diet, breeding, communication,
raising the young, etc. There a
number of photos of baby pandas—newborn, 10, 60, 90, days of age and 8
months old.
http://pandageant.ifrance.com/jerecherche.htm
This
French site contains information on a variety of topics including a list
of documents, books, reports, and articles of interest to the author. Most of the items in the list are in English. Note: There are additional topics included that
have information about pandas. The descriptive topical information is
in French.
The
site claims to contain the most “comprehensive information on the internet”
about pandas. Topics include: history,
habitat, enemies, feeding, social habits, breeding, reservations, conservation,
captive care, baby pandas, and famous pandas.
Bear TAG: http://www.bearden.org
The site is also developed and maintained by the American Zoo and Aquarium Association. It has information on 9 species of bears including giant pandas. Taxonomic relationships, habits and habitats, and unique aspects of each species are included.
Web cams are available at 3 sites in the
The National Zoo webcam can be found at http://nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/giantpandas
In addition to the webcam, there is information about the zoo’s giant panda enclosure, enrichment activities, handling and care and some other related information.
The webcam at Zoo Atlanta is at http://zooatlanta.org/animals_panda_cam.htm
There are several views of the panda exhibit on this site.
The webcam at the San Diego Zoo is located at http://www.sandiegozoo.org/pandas/pandacam/index.html
The site has a webcam of the giant panda enclosure many photo, videotapes and other giant panda items are listed as available for sale. There is also a list serv that will send news items to your email address.
The Animal Welfare Information Center,
http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/contact.php
http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/panda.htm
May 26, 2004