<DOC>
[105 Senate Hearings]
[From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access]
[DOCID: f:46427.wais]
S. Hrg. 105-355
OZONE AND PARTICULATE MATTER RESEARCH ACT OF 1997
=======================================================================
HEARING
BEFORE THE
SUBCOMMITTEE ON
CLEAN AIR, WETLANDS, PRIVATE PROPERTY AND NUCLEAR SAFETY
OF THE
COMMITTEE ON
ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS
UNITED STATES SENATE
ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
ON
S. 1084
A BILL TO ESTABLISH A RESEARCH AND MONITORING PROGRAM FOR THE NATIONAL
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS FOR OZONE AND PARTICULATE MATTER AND TO
REINSTATE THE ORIGINAL STANDARDS UNDER THE CLEAN AIR ACT, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES
__________
OCTOBER 22, 1997
__________
Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Public Works
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COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS
ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS
JOHN H. CHAFEE, Rhode Island, Chairman
JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia MAX BAUCUS, Montana
ROBERT SMITH, New Hampshire DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN, New York
DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Idaho FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey
JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma HARRY REID, Nevada
CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming BOB GRAHAM, Florida
CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut
TIM HUTCHINSON, Arkansas BARBARA BOXER, California
WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado RON WYDEN, Oregon
JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama
Jimmie Powell, Staff Director
J. Thomas Sliter, Minority Staff Director
----------
Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear
Safety
JAMES M. INHOFE, North Carolina, Chairman
TIM HUTCHINSON, Arkansas BOB GRAHAM, Florida
WAYNE ALLARD, Colorado JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut
JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama BARBARA BOXER, California
(ii)
C O N T E N T S
----------
Page
OCTOBER 22, 1997
OPENING STATEMENTS
Baucus, Hon. Max, U.S. Senator from the State of Montana......... 6
Letter, Position on S. 1084, EPA Administrator Browner....... 29
Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S Senator from the State of California.... 3
Inhofe, Hon. James M., U.S. Senator from the State of Oklahoma... 1
Article, Smog Map Technology Is Launched..................... 34
List, supporters of S. 1084.................................. 50
Prepared statement........................................... 49
Sessions, Hon. Jeff, U.S. Senator from the State of Alabama...... 5
Thomas, Hon. Craig, U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming....... 13
WITNESSES
Abbott, Ande, assistant to the international president,
International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders,
Blacksmiths, Forgers, & Helpers, Fairfax, VA................... 12
Prepared statement........................................... 127
Grumet, Jason, executive director, Northeast States for
Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM), Boston, MA........... 14
Prepared statement........................................... 130
Martin, James A., vice president, Martin's Famous Pastry Shoppe,
Inc., on behalf of the American Bakers Association,
Chambersburg, PA............................................... 8
Letter, supplementing testimony.............................. 122
Prepared statement........................................... 121
Sharp, Adam, assistant director of governmental relations,
American Farm Bureau Federation................................ 10
Prepared statement........................................... 124
Smith, Thomas, president, National Coalition of Petroleum
Retailers, Griffin, GA......................................... 19
Prepared statement........................................... 146
Thurston, George D., associate professor, Department of
Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine,
New York, NY................................................... 17
Prepared statement........................................... 138
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
S. 1084, Ozone and Particulate Matter Research Act of 1997....... 40
Articles:
Air Pollution's Impact on the Weather........................ 123
Smog Map Technology Is Launched.............................. 34
Letter, Position on S. 1084, EPA Administrator Browner........... 29
List, supporters of S. 1084...................................... 50
Statement, Associated Builders and Contractors................... 148
OZONE AND PARTICULATE MATTER RESEARCH ACT OF 1997
----------
WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1997
U.S. Senate,
Committee on Environment and Public Works,
Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and
Nuclear Safety,
Washington, DC.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:38 a.m. in
room 406, Senate Dirksen Building, Hon. James M. Inhofe
(chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.
Present: Senators Inhofe, Sessions, Thomas, and Boxer.
Also present: Senator Baucus.
OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JAMES M. INHOFE, U.S. SENATOR FROM
THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA
Senator Inhofe. The hearing will now come to order.
Today's hearing will examine the Breaux-Inhofe bill, S.
1084, which we call the Ozone and Particulate Matter Research
Act of 1997. The legislation was introduced as a result of the
new clean air standards for ozone and particulate matter
promulgated by the EPA on July 17. And in the House we have a
companion bill. It is H.R. 1984. This bill is worded
essentially the same, with some modest changes in the $25
million that would be set aside for ozone research.
Senator Breaux and I thought it was necessary to introduce
this legislation because the EPA ignored the tremendous
opposition to these new standards. Those who oppose the
standards include everyone from the Governors, the U.S.
Conference of Mayors--and I used to be on the board of the U.S.
Conference of Mayors, and it's one certainly that cannot be
accused of being a Republican organization--National League of
Cities, National Association of County Officials, National
Conference of State Legislators, and local government
officials.
The Farm Bureau, Farmers Union, Cattleman's Association,
American Corn Growers, fertilizer and other groups, small
business community, including NFIB, U.S. Chamber of Commerce,
Black Chamber of Commerce, Small Business Survival Committee,
and a number of State environmental directors too long to
articulate here.
In total, there have been over 3,200 letters, resolutions,
and comments expressing concern with these standards. While I
don't want to take time to read the names of all the
organizations who have sent these letters, I will distribute
copies of an index. This is the index of these letters, Senator
Sessions. And we're talking about thousands and thousands. Of
course, we have many of them up here on the table. In addition,
a number of organizations have written in support of this
legislation being considered today.
I would also like to introduce these letters into the
record, showing more than 30 organizations supporting it. These
are the letters that we have up here on the table.
[The index of letters is printed at the end of the hearing
record:]
The House version currently has 191 co-sponsors, and the
Senate bill has a bipartisan list of nine co-sponsors. I'm
pleased to say that as of yesterday we added an additional 12
Senators, which means we now have 21 co-sponsors for the Senate
bill.
Before we get to the testimony today, I'd just like to
briefly outline what the bill does. The bill establishes an
independent panel to be convened by the National Academy of
Sciences to prioritize the research needs on the health effects
of particulate matter. This step would help bring consensus to
any new standards proposed by the EPA in the future. So we're
dealing not just with what has happened to us since the past--
in the last 11 months, but also what could happen in the
future. So it would make the process a little bit more
professional and predictable.
With the recent standards, the EPA relied on
epidemiological studies and research performed by former EPA
employees. The National Academy of Sciences would help restore
credibility to this process.
Next, in order to ensure that the Federal dollars are spent
on the research priorities of the independent panel, the
legislation establishes a Particulate Matter Interagency
Committee to coordinate the activities of Federal agencies
engaged in particulate matter research. This committee will be
composed of eight different a agencies and departments. This is
not a new committee, as such, but a coordination of those
efforts that are going on currently.
The EPA will use this research, in addition to private
research, to review the air quality criteria through the Clean
Air Science Advisory Committee--CASAC--set up statutorily. This
review must be completed no earlier than 4 years after the
enactment of this Act.
In addition to this science research, the EPA is authorized
to require State implementation plans in order to establish a
particulate matter monitoring program. During this research,
the monitoring period, the original standards for ozone and
particulate matter will be reinstated and shall not be revised
until scientific review is completed. The legislation also
directs the National Institutes of Health to begin a research
program to study the health effects of allergens in asthmatics,
particularly in regard to urban inner cities. One of the
biggest holes in the EPA's proposal was identifying the true
causes of respiratory problems in inner-city children.
Finally, the legislation authorizes $100 million to carry
out the provisions, with 25 million of that set aside for ozone
research. This plan follows the advice of three of the four
past CASAC chairs who testified before this committee. It
concentrates on understanding the science.
For the farmers, the small businessman, the unions, the
mayors, and the Governors, it provides continuity. Today they
are concerned at the EPA's implementation schedule. They
realize it can be challenged and thrown out by the courts, and
they need stability while they try to implement the 1990
standards. They say these will not be implemented until 6 or 9
years, in accordance with what came from the EPA, but the EPA
knows well and everyone here knows well that there are lawsuits
that could come forward and challenge the fact we have double
standards.
I would like to remind everyone what Mary Nichols, the
former EPA Assistant Administrator for Air, said in our last
hearing. This is a quote. ``Under the President's
implementation schedule, the new standards will not save any
lives over the next 5 years.'' Therefore, the Breaux-Inhofe
bill will provide the necessary research, monitoring, and
stability for the American people without endangering any
lives.
Senator Baucus, do you have an opening statement.
Senator Baucus. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
Actually, I'll defer to my colleague from California,
Senator Boxer.
OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BARBARA BOXER, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
Senator Boxer. Thank you so much.
Mr. Chairman, I wanted to thank Senator Baucus for his
understanding. I have to be introducing a nominee over at the
Judiciary Committee at 10:00 am.
Mr. Chairman, with all due respect to you and Senator
Breaux, I'm dismayed to see that the Subcommittee on Clean Air
would give serious consideration to a bill that, in my opinion,
will jeopardize clean air and the public health.
S. 1084, the Ozone and Particulate Matter Research Act,
would block the EPA from protecting the public health by
blocking the new ozone and particulate clean air standards
which have been in effect since September of 1997. This bill
turns the clock back and reinstates the old, less-protective
standards. S. 1084 would deny the American public the health
protections they deserve, violating the most fundamental
requirement of the Clean Air Act.
The EPA estimates that this bill will result in at least
60,000 premature deaths--this bill that we're considering--
300,000 additional cases of chronic bronchitis, 1.5 million
asthma attacks, and 12.5 million work days lost.
It seems to me for the Committee on the Environment and
Public Works to be considering such a bill is a cruel irony.
EPA has a statutory mandate to protect the public health
with an adequate margin of safety. Those are the words in the
law.
Mr. Chairman, the very same arguments that we've heard
today against new clean air standards we heard before the Clean
Air Act was approved in 1970, an Act that was signed into law
by then President Richard Nixon. And I have some of those
quotes. I will not go into them today, but you couldn't tell
the difference.
When EPA announced the new ozone and particulate matter
clean air standards in July of this year, it did so after an
exhaustive scientific review, which indicated that current
standards do not adequately protect public health.
Under S. 1084, the EPA could not revise the ozone and
particulate matter standards for at least 4 years, until
further research and review by a new National Academy of
Sciences panel and a new Inter-Agency Committee on Particulate
Matter, a virtual duplication of the EPA effort, which resulted
in the new standard.
Are we going to keep redoing studies that we've already
done until we find an answer every single person likes? I
certainly hope not. We need to deal with reality , Mr.
Chairman.
When the EPA issued the new ozone and particulate matter
standards earlier this year, it did so after an exhaustive
scientific and public review process. The EPA analyzed
thousands of peer-reviewed studies and presented its
recommendations to an independent scientific advisory body, the
Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee.
This committee concluded that EPA's standards for ozone and
particulate matter needed to be strengthened, and I think it is
important to note that the committee came out with a range--a
range that it recommended--and the EPA took the middle of the
road on this. And the panel included scientists from General
Motors. They all agreed something had to be done, and they came
out with a range, and the EPA hit that right down the middle.
Mr. Chairman, I believe that, as Senators, we have no
greater duty and responsibility than to protect the health and
safety of the American people, and I look at that as an
economic issue. I reject the argument that there's a conflict
between clean air and the economy. I believe, if you look
around the world, what you'll see in countries where the air is
filthy dirty and they don't have any protective laws, economic
growth grinds to a halt. It's very simple: if you can't
breathe, you can't work.
So we need to move forward, it seems to me, with these
standards, and I think blocking them will have significant
adverse impacts on the health of Americans, especially our
children and the elderly. And we all know that when a society
is judged, it's judged the way it treats the most vulnerable
among us.
The current annual average concentration of fine
particulate matter in southeast Los Angeles County may be
responsible for up to 3,000 deaths annually and more than
52,000 incidents of respiratory symptoms, including 1,000
hospital admissions. Young children constitute the largest
group at high risk from exposure to air pollutants. They
breathe 50 percent more air by body weight than the average
adult. In California, alone, there are over six million
children under the age of 14, and approximately 90 percent of
them live in areas that fail to meed State and Federal
standards.
How are our children being affected? Studies show health
effects ranging from 20 to 60 percent loss of lung capacity. It
isn't fair, Mr. Chairman, that a baby born in a certain part of
the county has less lung capacity than another. Despite this,
representatives of industry claim that a 30 percent loss of
lung capacity is not really a health effect because it's only a
temporary, reversible loss in lung function. Tell that to a
mother whose asthmatic child has to stay home or visit the
emergency room a regular basis. Tell that to a mother whose
teenage son suffers from continuous coughing, throat
irritations, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
And what about the potential of causing permanent damage?
We have studies of lab animals which indicate long-term
exposure to ozone causes permanent damage to lungs.
In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, thank you for this opportunity
to have the floor to cast my strong disagreement with this
bill. You've been very generous in giving me this time. I think
we must work together to ensure that we don't turn back the
clock on the progress we've already made, and I think we should
move forward with the EPA's recommendation.
Thank you very much.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Senator Boxer. Senator Sessions.
OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JEFF SESSIONS, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE
STATE OF ALABAMA
Senator Sessions. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I really want to
express my appreciation to you for your intensive interest in
this important issue, and for coming forward with a positive
solution to a situation I've become very troubled with. For the
past 9 months, as a new member of this Senate and a new member
of this committee, I have looked anxiously and waited anxiously
to find a kind of scientific basis for the kind of significant
regulations that we are--that EPA proposes to impose on
America. I have not found those.
Like you, I hear from the people in my State, from the
business community, from the mayors in the State, from the
county commissioners in the State, and from our Department of
Environmental Management in our State. They have serious
reservations and really objections to the proposals as they
are.
Your idea of giving more intensive scientific study is the
right approach. There was not a witness that said we had the
kind of complete data that they would like to have to make
these important decisions.
On February 5, for example, the Subcommittee on Clean Air
held a hearing, and I questioned Dr. Schwartz, a member of the
EPA's own Scientific Advisory Committee, the CASAC committee,
about the Birmingham study--Birmingham, Alabama. Dr. Schwartz
had conducted that, showing increased mortality on high
particulate matter days.
A subsequent peer-reviewed study using the exact same data
as Dr. Schwartz' study showed that when humidity was a factor
in the model, no statistically significant effect could be
observed.
I don't know the right scientific answer, but EPA admits
relying on Dr. Schwartz' study as a basis for their new
standards.
It was previously mentioned how many lives would be lost. I
have been very concerned, troubled, and really offended that
use of numbers in what I would consider a promotional tactic
that would create fear in America.
EPA announced these standards in late 1996. They stated
40,000 lives could be saved by implementation of the
particulate matter standards, 40,000. On February 12, the EPA
Administrator appeared before the committee and testified that
20,000 deaths, \1/2\ of them, could be prevented by
implementation of these standards. In April of this year, after
an outside analyst discovered an error in the estimates, the
agency again lowered its numbers to 15,000 premature deaths.
Many of these are very elderly and in severe health conditions.
In May the same analyst who first discovered the error in EPA's
estimates found additional errors, which brought the estimates
of premature deaths to under 1,000.
These are not good numbers that we're dealing with. This is
what you are looking forward to to answer, and I think we need
to do that.
The CASAC votes were split. If you add up the numbers--as I
recall their votes, those numbers really totaled in opposition
to the standards adopted by EPA if you added them up. Every
vote was--virtually every vote was severely split.
The cost of these standards will be extremely high. Our air
is getting better. Why asthma attacks are going up we don't
know, but ozone is going down. At a time when ozone is going
down, asthma attacks are going up. You are very wise, I think,
to do some research into why that health condition is
occurring.
I support this approach. I think it is a reasoned, modest,
and moderate alternative to a proposal of the Environmental
Protection Agency that I think is not justified, and I support
you and appreciate the leadership of you and Senator Breaux and
others who put this package together.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Senator Sessions. I appreciate
your attendance, too. This is the sixth hearing that we've had
on this particular subject, and you've been here for all six. I
appreciate that very much.
Senator Baucus.
OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. MAX BAUCUS, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE
STATE OF MONTANA
Senator Baucus. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.
I'd like to point out, first, it has been almost one year
since the EPA released its proposal to strengthen the national
ambient air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter,
and since that time we've heard from just about everyone
interested in this issue.
You mentioned, Mr. Chairman, this subcommittee has had six
hearings. I might say that both the House and the Senate
together have held 24 hearings to examine the science, the
economics, the health aspects of the new standards, and we
listened to scientists, industry folks, farmers, ranchers,
environmentalists, health professionals, State and local
governments. And I might add, too, that in the end the EPA also
listened, because the final standards that went into effect on
September 18 were changed. They were changed from what EPA
initially proposed.
But, more importantly, EPA acknowledged the potential
difficulties in implementing the new standards.
As a result of our hearings and other comments, it is clear
that the Agency is working hard to fashion a sensible approach
to implementation. I don't think anyone can dispute that.
Today we will hear about recently published research that
supports EPA's decision to set new standards. We will learn
about new technologies that will lower the cost of improving
air quality. That's a familiar pattern.
Air quality standards have always been met with claims of
economic demise. But then technology catches up, innovative
programs are implemented, further research bolsters the initial
decision--and I might add, in our economy, the drive to improve
the bottom line always results in ways to reduce costs. And in
the end, costs are a fraction of the initial claims and
everyone breathes cleaner air.
That is exactly the case with the emissions trading system
set up in the 1990 Clean Air Act. Compliance costs are now one-
tenth initial estimates. That is not to say we should be making
decisions without sufficient information. We need to continue
the high-caliber research that has been a tradition of the
United States.
In fact, EPA's funding bill for fiscal year 1998 contains
almost $50 million for particulate matter research, to the
credit of Senators Bond and Mikulski, but I do not think we
need this bill to authorize more research. Existing Clean Air
Act already provides EPA with the authority it needs to conduct
the necessary studies.
What is much more troubling to me, though, is that S. 1084
would revoke the ozone and particulate matter standards that
just became effective. Furthermore, it prohibits EPA from
revising the standards for at least 4 years, even if new
research uncovers additional health problems resulting from
ozone or particulate matter air pollution.
With all due respect to you, Mr. Chairman, and the sponsors
of the bill, I think that's the wrong approach. Instead, I
believe that we must continue to protect public health.
Implementing the current standards is a fair and cost-effective
manner, and a fair and cost-effective manner is the best way to
achieve the goal.
I hope we can work together in a bipartisan fashion to
ensure that it's done right. And I want to underline that I
think that all of us here do want to improve our air quality
standards. They are good in this country.
Mr. Chairman, I don't see very many Americans heading for
the door to go live in other countries because their costs are
so high in this country to comply or because of all the
problems in this country. It's just the opposite. We need to
learn about pollution of other countries. It's because those
countries have not undertaken the immense effort that is
required to try to find air quality standards to assure that
people in those countries breathe clean air. They just don't do
it. They don't because they just don't make the extra effort.
We, in our country, have made an extra effort, and I think
it's incumbent upon us not to take the easy way--which is to
criticize--but, rather the hard and right way--which is to work
together to do this right. Thank you.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Senator Baucus.
I now ask our witnesses to take their places at the table.
And, while they're coming forward, as the Chair I'll give
you an overview of how we'll proceed at this hearing.
We do have a time constraint. We have to be out of the room
at 11:30. It should not take the 2 hours.
We have six witnesses who will be testifying today. I also
mention that, while some of the members of the subcommittee are
not here, they will be coming in and out and the staffs are
here at this hearing, both majority and the monitory, who will
be monitoring and reporting back to the members.
The witnesses will be allocated 5 minutes to give an
opening statement. There will be lights in front of you--red,
yellow, green. I think we all know what that means. And we'd
ask you to try to comply with those time limitations.
Following the 5-minute comments by the witness, I will then
ask any member of the subcommittee if they would like to ask
questions. They will have a round of questions and answers.
I think we're ready to begin. Let me just introduce all six
in the order that they will be making presentations: Mr. James
A. Martin is the vice president of Martin's Famous Pastry
Shoppe, Inc., on behalf of the American Bakers Associate in
Chambersburg, PA. In just a minute I will read a letter from
Senator Santorum, who regretted he couldn't be here today.
We'll have Mr. Adam Sharp, assistant director of
governmental relations, regulatory affairs, American Farm
Bureau Federation.
Mr. Andy Abbott, assistant to the international president,
the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship
Builders, Blacksmiths, forgers, and Helpers, in Fairfax, VA.
Mr. Jason Grumet, executive director, Northeast States for
Coordinated Air Use Management in Boston, MA.
Dr. George Thurston--I welcome Dr. Thurston back. He has
been here with us before--associate professor, Department of
Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine,
New York.
And Mr. Thomas Smith; president, National Coalition for
Petroleum Retailers in Griffin, GA.
We that, please allow me to call on Mr. James Martin to
present his testimony. I will convey greetings from Senator
Santorum. His letter states every nice thing that he could say
about you, Mr. Martin, and he's very pleased that you are here
today, and I'm sure he'll see you during your visit.
Mr. Martin.
STATEMENT OF JAMES A. MARTIN, VICE PRESIDENT, MARTIN'S FAMOUS
PASTRY SHOPPE, INC., ON BEHALF OF THE AMERICAN BAKERS
ASSOCIATION, CHAMBERSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA
Mr. Martin. Good day, and thank you for the opportunity to
be here. I am Jim Martin, an owner of Martin's Famous Pastry
Shoppe, Inc. We have bakeries in Chambersburg and Shippensburg,
Pennsylvania. Ours is a family business started in 1955 by my
parents. Perhaps you've seen our Martin's famous potato rolls
in our grocery store bread aisles.
Today I'm speaking for myself and the members of the
American Bakers Association. The American Bakers Association
represents 80 percent of the wholesale baking business, which
includes small businesses like ours and the companies with
national brand names that you may know. Bakeries were captured
by the Clean Air Act because the natural process of yeast
fermentation used to make bread and rolls produces ethanol, an
alcohol, which is considered volatile organic compound. Ethanol
from bakeries is non-toxic, low reactive, probably eaten by the
bacteria in the atmosphere.
The American Bakers Association strongly supports Senate
1084. This bill will ensure that sound science and good
planning have the time to develop before costly and potentially
inappropriate controls area required.
The baking by has already spent $28 million to comply with
existing requirements. We estimate that the banking industry
will spend $236 million to implement the new standard. The
equipment to control bread aroma from a bakery costs about
$500,000 to install and costs between $35,000 a year and
$100,000 a year to operate. That's about $12,000 per ton of VOC
controlled, not the $1,400 per ton estimated by the USEPA.
The American Bakers Association has worked with the bakers
in each State and with the State officials to develop
reasonable rules to bring States and industry into compliance.
The States have worked hard to implement the Clean Air Act
under demanding and often changing EPA policies. We offer our
compliments to Pennsylvania and many of the other States where
hard work has put the most cost-effective control requirements
in place. However, State officials are struggling to further
reduce emissions and are being forced to look at smaller and
smaller sources--that is, small businesses.
Bakers are a low-volume, low-profit-margin business. Let me
give an example how a small baker might be affected by control
requirements.
Imagine Joe's Bakery in your State. Joe is operating a
white bread bakery he inherited from his father. The bakery has
been in business for 80 years, with a profit margin of 1.7
percent. His bakery, like others, is labor intensive, providing
jobs at relatively high pay rate and supporting many families
in the neighborhood. No one is getting rich, but everyone is
being paid and the local area has good, fresh-tasting bread.
His potential of emissions trigger the control
requirements. Joe goes to his bank and asks for a loan for the
$500,000 to install controls and cut his profit margin by 24
percent. The bank denies his request, which is good business
practice for the bank. If he can find a buyer, he can sell his
bakery, or Joe can close. Sadly, some bakeries have closed
during the implementation of the current standard.
Now, let me share with you the situation at our bakeries.
We emit enough ethanol to trigger control requirements. Stack
testing, permitting, engineering reports, communications, and
costs associated with investigating new technology have
exceeded $250,000 to date in our bakeries. Our engineers
calculate that adding a control device will increase our
production energy consumption by 50 percent per package of
rolls. However, rather than purchase the control equipment, we
have chosen to limit our production and the growth of our
business. This means our ability to serve the region with a
maximum variety of product or to respond quickly to changes in
consumer taste and demand is limited. That's not my
understanding of free enterprise, and I have wondered, ``Is
less bread on the table a good trade for no measurable
improvement in air quality?''
I and the bakers I represent urge you to pass Senate 1084
to make clear legal statements about the funding of the
research and science and timing of the implementation of the
air quality standard.
Please help us do the right thing to protect the air and
the earth.
Thank you for this opportunity to speak, and I'll answer
any questions.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Mr. Martin.
Senator Inhofe. Mr. Sharp.
STATEMENT OF ADAM SHARP, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF GOVERNMENTAL
RELATIONS, REGULATORY AFFAIRS, AMERICAN FARM BUREAU FEDERATION
Mr. Sharp. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for this opportunity to
provide testimony for this important hearing on S. 1084.
I'm Adam Sharp, assistant director of governmental
relations for the American Farm Bureau Federation here in
Washington, D.C. I'm also a partner in my family's farm in
southeastern Ohio where, along with my three brothers, my
father, and my grandfather, I operate a dairy farm and
diversified crop farm. Today I am representing the American
Farm Bureau Federation, the Nation's largest general farm
organization, with more than 4.7 million member families.
The Farm Bureau supports Senate bill 1084 for many reasons,
but foremost because it will allow the necessary time for the
agricultural community and EPA to gain a more accurate
understanding of agricultural emissions, how much we emit, and
to what extent the air quality standards will impact our
industry.
My comments focus primarily on PM<INF>2.5</INF> standard.
There has been and continues to be a tremendous amount of
conservation activity by farmers and ranchers across this
country. These activities reduce wind erosion of the soil,
which in turn provides cleaner air. Farmers are cleaning the
air and should get credit for those activities; however,
agriculture is concerned because EPA lacks actual measurements
of what agriculture emits in the form of fine particulate. One
estimate is that 34.3 percent of the primary fine particulate
matter can be attributed to agriculture and forestry, and
others suggest as low as 5 percent.
EPA is finally acknowledging what we have been telling it:
that agriculture is not a major emitter of this pollutant.
However, nothing has been done to date to correct faulty
documentation that over-estimates agricultural sources or
solidifies Administrator Browner's promises that agriculture
will not be impacted. The Administrator's promises have done
little for our concerns because States decide who will be
regulated, not her.
I quote The Honorable Larry Combest, chairman of the House
Agriculture Subcommittee on Forestry, Natural resources, and
conservation. He says--and we agree--that we don't have the
research yet to know whether we can actually attain these
standards, how much it will cost the agricultural industry and
the consuming public, and how much agriculture activity
actually contributes to air pollution problems.
Let me focus on an actual situation farmers in California
already face in regard to present PM<INF>10</INF> serious
nonattainment area for central and southern California.
Agriculture in other areas of the country may face the same or
similar situation when dealing with the new particulate matter
PM<INF>2.5</INF> standard.
The emission inventory for agriculture used by EPA has
proven to have many flaws for PM<INF>10</INF>. Inaccurate
estimates of the number of times a farmer drives his tractor
over a field is one major example--eight times for alfalfa, 13
times for rice, twice for rangeland. But probably the most
blatant example of an inaccurate inventory was the initial
emission inventory for combustion engines used to drive
irrigation pumps. The original inventory estimated nitrogen
oxide or NOX emissions, a precursor of PM, at 600 tons per day
for all the pumps in the San Joaquin Valley. This would have
been the highest emission category for NOX emissions in the
valley, exceeding all the cars and trucks, which together only
made about 300 tons per day.
Driven by agricultural inquiries, a new study based on
interviews with farmers determined that the NOX emissions for
these pumps was only 32 tons per day--600 down to 32.
We have only begun to address agriculture's concerns with
PM<INF>10</INF> measurements, many of which are still
unaddressed and uncorrected. Considering these discrepancies,
it is unimaginable that we are now again faced with the same
problems, only this time with a smaller particulate matter.
In attempting to resolve some of these agriculture emission
issues surrounding PM<INF>10</INF> and PM<INF>2.5</INF>, it
became necessary to conduct a multi-year, multi-faceted air
quality study, which is now underway in California. However, it
will not be completed for roughly 5 years. S. 1084 would give
agriculture the needed time to attain this important
agriculture PM<INF>2.5</INF> emissions data.
I want to emphasize that this study is the first
comprehensive study that actually measures instead of
estimating agriculture's PM<INF>2.5</INF> emissions. In order
to avoid the mistakes made with PM<INF>10</INF>, the new PM
standard should be delayed until this study and others like it
are completed and before costly implementation activities
begin.
We fear that, despite guarantees, that implementation of
this new standard may come quicker than what has been spelled
out.
In conclusion, I want to emphasize that the present
approach of placing a new PM standard before having good
scientific data for fine particulate sources may lead to false
agriculture emission estimates again. Agriculture will also see
a tremendous amount of indirect impacts from the new standards.
Targeted industries such as utilities, fuel, transportation,
chemicals, equipment, and many more will pass their costs on to
their users. One of those is agriculture.
In a study by AUS consultants to be released soon, the net
cash income for all farmers is projected to fall by 10 percent,
or $5 billion annually over the first 6 years of implementation
of these new standards. Those are simply indirect impacts.
Those are not even direct.
The agriculture community enjoys breathing clean air as
much as anybody. This committee must continue to demand that
the concerns of America's farmers and ranchers are addressed by
the EPA in order to ensure a continued safe, abundant, healthy,
and affordable food supply.
Thank you.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Mr. Sharp.
Senator Inhofe. Mr. Abbott.
STATEMENT OF ANDE ABBOTT, ASSISTANT TO THE INTERNATIONAL
PRESIDENT, THE INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF BOILERMAKERS, IRON
SHIP BUILDERS, BLACKSMITHS, FORGERS, & HELPERS, FAIRFAX,
VIRGINIA
Mr. Abbott. Mr. Chairman, thank you very much. I have to
apologize up front. I came down with a serious cold yesterday
afternoon.
With your permission, sir, I'd like to just enter my
statement into the record and just make a very short verbal----
Senator Inhofe. Yes. All your statement will be entered
into the record in its entirety, and you can make any length of
statement you'd like, Mr. Abbott.
Mr. Abbott. Thank you very much, Senator.
The International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, along with
all the other building trades unions, as well as the Mine
Workers Union and many of the other unions, had been very
supportive of the Clean Air Act when it was up for
consideration back years ago. We understood that there was
going to be an initial cost, we understood that there were
going to be industries that were going to be economically hurt,
and we knew that there were going to be some jobs at stake.
But, overall, providing clean air to the United States was very
important to our agenda. We all felt that for our generation
and all generations to come, that clean air was necessary.
Mr. Chairman, we met with EPA earlier this year to discuss
these new clean air standards, I guess I can tell you that the
21 or 22 people that were involved from the labor unions were
really quite stunned by what we discovered from EPA. Their
inability to answer questions and how easily some of their
assumptions were being successfully challenged--EPA initially
used the 60,000 premature death figure, and I said, ``Wait a
minute. If you're talking about asthma''--and, Mr. Chairman,
I'm an asthmatic, myself-- ``I know that you could shut down
every combustible, every manufactured source of pollution in
the United States, and you would still have people with asthma
and you would still have some people dying of asthma.'' Other
people are even allergic to the sun, and I don't know what you
can do about some of these.
When you have a background from nature, I just don't know
what EPA is going to do about controlling that. But when I
asked EPA about, ``When you made these studies for the PM
standard down to 2.5,'' I said, ``did you actually analyze the
content of these materials?'' They said no, that they hadn't
really analyzed them, they had no idea what it was. I said,
``Well, would it be safe to say that most of it was from
nature?'' and they said yes.
I become very concerned about that, especially when we
start looking at some of the coastal states, as an example,
California, the Gulf coast, Oregon, Washington, where you have
salt that is just naturally in the air, and all of this starts
getting counted against the PM standards, and all of that is
going to be registering on monitors. I mean, 2.5 microns is
very, very small, and I don't know of any pollen in nature that
is smaller than that. Almost everything is larger.
As a result of that, it has been projected that there will
be over 800 additional counties that will be in noncompliance.
So we asked the question, ``Well, what happens if you have
an area that is continually not in compliance?'' EPA said,
``Well, we're going to shut down heavy construction projects,
we're going to stop mowing the gas, we're going to end
barbecues. We're going to keep people from burning stuff in
their fireplaces.'' And then they volunteered, well, in some
areas--you've got the airline industry in Los Angeles and San
Francisco that's putting hundreds of millions of tons of
pollution in the air every day on takeoff and landings of
airplanes I said, ``Well, what are you going to do about
that?'' They just shook their head. They've got no answer for
it at all.
Mr. Chairman, there were just so many things as we were
going through this that they could not answer even a little bit
of it, and I was, frankly, stunned. In dealing with EPA in the
past, when we were dealing with the Clean Air Act and the
amendments to the Clean Air Act in 1990, there was no
hesitation. Things made sense. You would go through. There
seemed to be substance to what they were saying, and when you
began to challenge them with any amount of logic in the past
they were able to answer it. With these standards, there is
absolutely nothing that we found that we could support in these
standards.
We just feel that, with the effect that this is going to
have on employment, and especially since they're talking about
expanding NAFTA and everything else, that, among other things,
this is just going to drive more businesses out of the United
States.
It's hard to estimate anything. I mean, you throw out the
numbers of jobs lost. Some people have estimated it will be
over 1.3 million jobs. Some have estimated higher. A few have
estimated lower. But, in any case, I just don't think that we
should be going forward with any standards unless they can meet
somewhat of a logic test and meet somewhat of a scientific
study, scientific scrutiny.
In dealing with the EPA and the issues that they brought up
and the answers that they gave, Senator, we were very, very
disappointed.
I thank you very much, sir.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Mr. Abbott.
Senator Inhofe. We've been joined by Senator Thomas from
Wyoming. Senator Thomas, we've heard from Mr. Martin, who has a
small bakery and is in the bakery industry; and, of course, Mr.
Sharp with the Farm Bureau you've met before; and Mr. Abbott
with Boilermakers.
Do you have an opening statement you'd like to offer.
OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. CRAIG THOMAS, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE
STATE OF WYOMING
Senator Thomas. I would like to submit it for the record,
but please proceed with this hearing.
Senator Inhofe. All right.
[The prepared statement of Senator Thomas follows:]
Prepared Statement of Hon. Craig Thomas, U.S. Senator from the State of
Wyoming
Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for holding this hearing today to
discuss S. 1084, the ``Ozone and Particulate Matter Research
Act of 1997.'' This is important legislation and I want to
compliment you, and Senator Breaux, for the leadership you have
taken in pursuing enactment of this initiative.
As most are aware, great uncertainty surrounds the
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) rule to tighten
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate
matter and ozone. Since the committee first held hearings on
this issue, scientists--including those on the EPA's own Clean
Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC)--have testified that
the court-ordered deadline did not allow enough time for them
to adequately examine the rule. We also heard testimony that
more time was needed to conduct additional research.
However, these efforts were thwarted when President Clinton
endorsed the standards on July 18, 1997. This was in spite of
the fact that more than 250 members of Congress, 27 Governors,
labor groups, the agncultural community and the National
Conference of Mayors expressed opposition to the new
regulations. Even several of President Clinton's agencies have
expressed serious doubt.
According to the U.S. Small Business Administration, the
EPA's regulation ``is certainly one of the most expensive
regulations, if not the most expensive regulation faced by
small businesses in 10 or more years.'' The Department of
Agriculture stated that ``farm groups have expressed concern
that the proposed standards may impose significant costs on
farmers and agribusiness.'' The Department of Energy encouraged
the EPA to ``retain the current primary ozone standard,'' and
the Department of the Treasury believes ``that many areas
cannot achieve the new fine particle standard.''
It's clear, Mr. Chairman, that the scientific evidence for
these new standards is not complete. Under your proposal, an
independent panel would be organized by the National Academy of
Sciences to prioritize research needs on the health effects of
particulate matter. It's my understanding that the EPA would be
required to establish PM monitoring programs through state
grants, and a Particulate Matter Interagency Committee would be
established to coordinate the activities of federal agencies
involved in fine particle research. With regard to ozone, S.
1084 takes the necessary steps to further research programs
looking at the adverse health effects of ground-level smog--
especially in urban areas. I'm also encouraged that the bill
authorizes adequate funding levels to carry out these research
needs for the next 5 fiscal years.
This is good legislation; I am pleased to be a cosponsor,
and willing to help Senator Inhofe and others pass S. 1084 this
year. Let me say, however, that placing a 4-year moratorium on
the EPA's regulations does not mean we are against a clean
environment. We need to continue to look for ways to improve
and protect public health, but this must be achieved in a
balanced manner.
Many uncertainties remain, including the fact that a large
number of areas are having trouble meeting current Clean Air
Act standards and may never reach attainment with the adoption
of these new regulations. Furthermore, the costs will be
extreme and we need to make sure this initiative will be worth
the enormous price that businesses and individuals will have to
bear. I do not believe we should be heading down a regulatory
road before additional research is conducted so we truly know
which pollutants are causing adverse health effects.
We have a diverse panel before us today, Mr. Chairman, and
I look forward to their testimony. Thanks again for your
leadership and willingness to make the EPA come to the snubbing
post and justify their actions.
Senator Inhofe. All right. Mr. Grumet, you're recognized.
STATEMENT OF JASON GRUMET, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, NORTHEAST STATES
FOR COORDINATED AIR USE MANAGEMENT (NESCAUM) BOSTON, MA
Mr. Grumet. Thank you very much.
My name is Jason Grumet, and I'm the executive director of
the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, or
NESCAUM, which for the last 30 years has been representing the
six New England States, New York, and New Jersey in their
efforts to achieve air pollution standards.
On behalf of my colleagues, who spend each and every day
trying to implement the Federal air quality standards, I
appreciate the opportunity to join you here today.
I'm going to try to continue Mr. Abbott's thoughts about
logic for a moment. We reach a different conclusion. The
northeast States strongly support the new air quality standards
because we believe they represent a more rational, logical, and
accurate physical reality of the problems that we are trying to
address. We think, moreover, these standards are long overdue,
and therefore we are opposed to S. 1084 and any other effort,
for that matter, which would shackle our programs to 20-year-
old science.
What I'd like to do to help you understand this is really
touch on three issues: one, Government's responsibility to
provide the public with accurate information; second, cost--
something that we're all concerned about; and, third, equity,
an issue of particular concern to the northeast.
But, just to get started, I need to say a few things about
the standards. The standards do many things. One of the most
important things, from our point of view, that the standards do
is they provide a blueprint, essentially a road map for how we
can design our air quality programs.
Anyone who has ever been on a country road on a dark night
with a 20-year-old road map will have some sense of what we
think these new standards do for us right now. They give us a
general direction, but they don't get us from here to there in
the quickest, most rational way possible, and I'd like to try
to explain why.
They're 20 years old. They're based on our scientific
understanding of the ozone problem derived largely from the Los
Angeles air basin in the 1970's. They tell us that air
pollution is a local problem. Well, we now know it's a regional
problem, stretching hundreds of miles across many States. They
tell us that our concern should be for peak ozone levels and
one-hour violations. We now know that air pollution is a multi-
day problem, and the health effects are chronic over several
hours at a time.
The old standard also focuses towards VOC controls, the
kind of controls that Mr. Martin was complaining about being
very expensive.
Well, we now know, since the National Academy study about 5
years ago, that the real problem is NOX pollution, which,
fortunately, is much more cost-effective to control.
So we have a situation in which we are being given a road
map which does not, in fact, diagnose the problem.
In 1970, when these standards were adopted, they were
fairly called a ``partial diagnosis.'' Carrying the medical
analogy forward, since we think we do public health work, the
1970 standards right now, frankly, represent air pollution
malpractice, and the suggestion that we should go back to those
standards deprives us of tools that will help us achieve air
quality in a cost-effective manner.
I'd like to now turn quickly to public information. And I'm
going to ask if you have it to take a peak at attachment A
which I included in my testimony.
We believe government has a fundamental responsibility to
provide people with accurate information, and one of the most
important things the standards do is just that.
The map that I included is a map that shows the highest
daily ozone levels every single day for five summers--from 1991
to 1995. It's a depiction of chronic exposure to ozone.
Many critics of the standards have told us there's no
threshold beneath which people are safe. Well, what this map
shows you is that there are dramatic health effects in States
right now which are deemed attainment. Massachusetts, where I'm
proud to live, is deemed a serious ozone non-attainment area,
yet the chronic ozone exposure in Massachusetts is far less
than the ozone exposure in Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio,
Illinois--States that are now told that they are in attainment.
I suggest to you that this is misleading tens of millions
of Americans into believing that they, in fact, are not facing
any risks from air pollution. And to go back to that standard I
think would be a grave mistake.
I want to focus for a moment on cost, because this is
something that we all spend a great deal of time thinking
about.
We have heard and Senator Baucus indicated that the worst
case dire projections, the fears of economic ruin that have
accompanied every air quality regulation to date have not been
realized. We posit the same will happen here. Simply put, the
new standards focus us on nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide
emissions. These are emissions which come from two main
sources--heavy-duty diesel vehicles and utilities. These are
some of the most cost-effective control options available
today. We can achieve the utility controls we want without
adding more than 1 or 2 percent to the residential electric
bill, and, since heavy-duty vehicles have yet to be regulated,
we also believe there are very cost-effective measures there,
as well.
The reason that costs are continuously overstated is really
three-fold: we have worst-case projections, understandably, by
concerned industries; we have a failure to take account for
competition; and a failure to account for innovation.
If you look at attachment C, which I won't go into, you'll
see that in each and every instance utilities--gasoline,
automobiles--the costs are dramatically overstated. There's
only one dynamic that will stop this innovation from bringing
these costs down in the future, and that dynamic is uncertainty
and delay, and it's our fear that that would be the result if
S. 1084 became law.
Let me just end by talking about equity for a moment.
Unsurprisingly, the areas with the highest chronic exposure to
ozone also have the highest utility NOX emissions.
If you look at attachment B, you will note that all the
States listed have more NOX emissions from their utilities than
all eight northeast States combined. One of the reasons for
this is that the old standards have mislead these communities,
these political leaders, and these residents to believe that
they don't have a problem. They have had no self-interested
incentive to reduce their pollution. And we have found that
altruism, alone, has not gotten the job done.
We believe that the new standards will provide people with
good, accurate information, and with that information the
political leaders and the residents of the midwest and the
southeast will take the same self-interested rational actions
we have to cost-effectively reduce our emissions.
So, in conclusion, we think the new standards provide
better information. We think they will provide more cost-
effective approaches and more-equitable approaches to air
pollution problems, and for those reasons we support them.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Mr. Grumet.
Dr. Thurston, welcome back.
STATEMENT OF GEORGE D. THURSTON, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK
Mr. Thurston. Thank you. I am George Thurston, a tenured
associate professor of environmental medicine at New York
University School of Medicine. My scientific research involves
investigations of the human health effects of air pollution.
I'm also the director of the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences' Community Outreach and Education
program at NYU. A goal of this program is to provide an
impartial scientific resource on environmental healthy issues
to decision-makers, and that's my purpose in testifying to you
here today.
I must take issue with much of the intent of S. 1084 and
with the findings upon which it is based.
First, the new ozone standard will not disrupt or delay
ozone reductions, as implied by finding four. Instead, it is S.
1084 that would increase uncertainty in the marketplace and by
regulators, thereby slowing air quality progress.
Second, findings five and six fail to acknowledge that
CASAC reached a consensus that a PM<INF>2.5</INF> standard is
needed and that the ozone standard should be changed to an
eight-hour basis, both of which the EPA promulgated on July 18,
1997.
I really would like to take issue with Senator Sessions'
statement that there were lots of differences of opinion on the
committee, on all these issues, and that their CASAC vote was
split.
I can show you the quote from the closure letter saying
that there was a consensus by CASAC on these two points--the
need for the PM<INF>2.5</INF> and the need for an eight-hour
ozone standard, as the new standards reflect.
The revocation of these new standards called for in bill S.
1084 would be unwise and would be inconsistent with the intent
of the Clean Air Act.
Moreover, bill S. 1084 wrongly seeks to fundamentally
rewrite the Clean Air Act by restructuring who decides whether
new standards are needed. The existing Clean Air Act requires
that EPA review the standards every 5 years and then leaves
that standard-setting decision to the Administrator with advice
from CASAC.
Bill S. 1084, in contrast, seeks to shift that power to
Congress by imposing a change back to the old ozone and PM
standards. To my knowledge, this would be the first time that
the Congress has intervened to interfere with air quality
standards set by the EPA.
The bill also says that the next science review of these
standards may not occur any earlier than 4 years from now, but
sets no requirement for the latest that these reviews may
occur, which could possibly be interpreted as eliminating the
Clean Air Act requirement for every-5-year reviews of these
pollutants. These changes would represent a dramatic and
unacceptable change in the Clean Air Act.
The newly promulgated EPA air quality standards for ozone
and particulate matter are based on sound science and need to
be retained if the public's health is to be adequately
protected. The adverse health consequences of breathing ozone
or PM are serious and well-documented, even at levels below the
US national ambient air quality standards that were in effect
before July of 1997. This documentation includes impacts
demonstrated by controlled chamber experiments and by
observational epidemiology showing consistent associations
between each of these pollutants and adverse impacts across a
wide range of human health outcomes.
These adverse impacts include: decreased lung function, a
measure of our ability to breathe freely; more frequent
respiratory symptoms; increased numbers of asthma attacks; more
frequent emergency department visits; additional hospital
admissions; and increased numbers of daily deaths.
In previous Congressional hearings, much discussion has
centered on New York City hospital admissions effects, but the
adverse impacts on hospital admissions are only the tip of the
iceberg of adverse effects associated with PM and ozone
pollution.
Indeed, in my testimony and in this table figure that's
included in my testimony, I show that hospital admissions
account for only approximately .01 percent of all ozone-induced
adverse health impacts in New York City. Also, while there are
about seven million persons in New York City, there are a total
of some 122 million persons throughout the U.S. who now live in
areas exceeding the ozone standard and will, therefore, also be
benefitted by that new standard.
Thus, the New York City hospital admissions effects are
best viewed as an indicator of a much broader spectrum of
potentially avoidable adverse health effects being experienced
by the public today as a result of air pollution exposures.
The scientific evidence that has been published since the
PM and ozone criteria documents were written is consistent with
a need for the immediate implementation of the more stringent
standards that the EPA promulgated. Indeed, while the exact
causal mechanism--i.e., the smoking gun of the PM mortality
association--is not yet known, there are biologically plausible
mechanisms that are now known--and these weren't available and
weren't included in the criteria document--that could account
for the associations. For example, recent animal experiments by
Godleski and coworkers at Harvard University confirmed that
exposures to elevated concentrations of ambient PM can result
in cardiac-related deaths in animals.
Epidemiological evidence has also accumulated over recent
years, indicating a role by ozone in daily human mortality, a
fact not fully considered by the EPA.
I've attached a list of over 20 studies showing
associations between ozone and mortality which were not
considered.
Thus, it is more clear than ever that important reductions
in public health risk can be achieved by rapidly implementing
the standards recently promulgated by the EPA.
They for this opportunity to testify.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Dr. Thurston.
Mr. Smith.
STATEMENT OF THOMAS SMITH, PRESIDENT, NATIONAL COALITION OF
PETROLEUM RETAILERS, GRIFFIN, GEORGIA; ACCOMPANIED BY: JIM
DASKEL, GENERAL COUNSEL, NATIONAL COALITION OF PETROLEUM
RETAILERS
Mr. Smith. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
I'm Tom Smith, president of NCPR, the chief advocate of the
interests of America's 45,000 mom and pop gasoline retailers
across America, and a Texaco dealer from Griffin, Georgia. And
with me is our counsel, Jim Daskel.
NCPR strongly supports Senate 1084, the Ozone and
Particulate Matter Research Act, and we want to make three
major points in our testimony today.
First, a claim that there is no need for the legislation
because the compliance deadlines are well off in the future is
misleading. Without Senate 1084, compliance schedules would be
dictated by citizen suits and sanction threats, because the
Clean Air Act mandates that the states adopt a number of
control technologies.
Second, EPA's claims of a flexible implementation process
are undercut by the statutory mandates and, more importantly,
by EPA's actions with respect to vehicle IM and SBREFA.
EPA hurts its credibility with statements such as telling
the Agriculture Committee that the standards will lead to more
ethanol fuel sales. EPA tried to rewrite the Clean Air Act to
mandate ethanol before and got shot down by the court of
appeals.
Our third point is that we need Senate 1084 to ensure that
we do not rob Peter to pay Paul. If you do not pass Senate bill
1084, our members' limited resources would be diverted from
compliance with the 1998 underground tank regulatory deadline,
where they would most benefit human health and the environment,
into ineffective redundancies like stage two vapor recovery.
Let me first talk about the idea that there is no need for
the legislation because the compliance deadlines are well off
into the future.
Once an area becomes a nonattainment area, the Clean Air
Act forces the States and our members to implement control
strategies such as stage two, enhanced IM, and the sale of
reformulated gasolines. These mandatory control strategies can
be enforced by citizen suits and other threats which will
inevitably occur well before the date EPA is talking about.
States will be forced to act now if the legislation is not
passed. The threat is so severe that NCPR has had to file suit
against EPA, alleging that the provisions of the Clean Air Act
that mandate certain control strategies are unconstitutional
under the 10th Amendment and a 1997 Supreme Court decision.
Though EPA has promised to be flexible, this statute ties
their hands. Based on our experience in the motor vehicle/IM
debate, our members have deep-seeded reservations over EPA's
flexibility promise. To quote Georgia State Representative Mike
Evans, testifying under oath before the House Commerce
Committee in the 104th Congress, he stated, ``EPA's assertion
that they have been flexible is simply not so. We have not seen
it in Georgia, nor do we believe that other States have seen
it, either. The only thing that we have heard is sanctions,
sanctions, and sanctions.
We also question the flexibility claim in light of EPA's
absurd position that changing the standard does not implicate
SBREFA.
The EPA says we will not hurt small businesses and farmers,
such as those in my family. EPA has a funny definition of the
word ``hurt.'' My family members and farm-based customers do
not buy the EPA line and are concerned that higher fuel prices
and regulatory costs will squeeze already thin farm margins.
I also do not see how EPA can make the claim that the
standards would mean more use of ethanol-blended gasolines with
a straight face. Ethanol cannot be used in many nonattainment
areas because it will hurt or worsen the ozone problems. Let me
add that the ethanol subsidy is destructive to competition in
the gasoline industry, and any version of a highway bill that
extends the ethanol subsidy for another 7 years to us is just
poisoned tea and would force us to oppose the entire bill,
though we support CMAQ funding.
As very small locally owned and operated businesses,
gasoline dealers' limited resources must be used in a way so as
to achieve the maximum environmental bang for their buck. Our
members need to spend money on the underground tank upgrades
required by 1998 in order to protect groundwater. Due to the
requirements of the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, many
stations and their tanks will be sold to small dealers and have
to be replaced in the next 15 months.
Gasoline dealers have long been involved in the debate over
the clean air, primarily because the dealer and his family, as
well as our employees and their families, breathe the same air
and drink the same water as our friends and neighbors do.
We support the 1990 Clean Air Act as amended, even though
they cost us at least 15 percent of the independent dealer
stations.
We cannot support the new standards and urge the passage of
Senate 1084.
Thank you.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you very much, Mr. Smith.
We'll have some 5-minute rounds up here, and we will adhere
to our time schedule so that we can have as many rounds as
possible within the time limit that we have, and we'll have
some other Members that are coming here shortly.
Mr. Martin, I'll start with you. In your testimony you
offer two very profound examples on impact of the air standards
on small, family-owned bakeries. First is the inability to
secure loans to get their equipment, the control equipment; and
then your own example, where you've literally decreased
production so that you don't trigger the control levels.
You know, neither example helps your businesses or the
supply of bread--to me, at least. It doesn't seem efficient to
force companies to cut production.
If the regulations were to continue in effect, as
promulgated by this association, what do you think would happen
to your industry? What is the--can you give us idea of what a
profit margin is of a small bakery.
Mr. Martin. I think, within our own experience, it would
probably range from--just looking at a 10- to 15-year period--
from probably a small percentage loss to a high of maybe 3 to 4
percent.
Senator Inhofe. Yes. How do you think these regulations
would impact that.
Mr. Martin. I guess it would depend. If you want to put it
on a percentage, we know up front we're going to spend the
500,000 at least to make building modifications and put the
technology in which we have gone and looked on site and have
promised with the way it would apply to our industry, and then
for the extra cost of operation it would be another 100,000 a
year, probably.
Senator Inhofe. Mr. Grumet had said that the industry
normally over-estimates the cost of compliance. In your
testimony you stated the cost to bakers is $12,000 per ton of
DOCs controlled, not the 1,400 per ton estimated by EPA. Who is
right, you or the EPA.
Mr. Martin. Well, I can understand where they came up with
some of those numbers, although I was not particularly a part
of it. I asked some of those questions, myself, and, simply,
the $1,400 would be taken from the handful of a certain type of
baking operation, the 12,000 would be looking at the overview
of all bakeries of many different sizes and shapes and forms.
Senator Inhofe. You know, it is a difficult thing--and I
think that Senator Sessions touched on this--that the original
estimate of the cost of compliance by the EPA was--in fact, the
one they're still using--is $8 billion. The President's own
Economic Council used $60 billion per year. And the Reason
Foundation out in California--I think came out with theirs
right before our last hearing--they estimated somewhere between
$90 and $150 billion per year. So it's difficult to use these
estimates in any logical sense.
Mr. Sharp, I was particularly impressed with your testimony
because I spent quite a bit of time talking to farm bureau
groups last Monday night. I was their speaker at the banquet in
Cherokee, Oklahoma. That was a regional group. Not long before
that I was up in North Dakota at the North Dakota Farm Bureau.
A very consistent thing comes out of these guys. They say
that the biggest problem they have is over-regulation, and that
they don't recall any time, including the BTU scare, that the
over-regulation would be a greater problem to the small
farmers. Do you agree with that? Is this what you hear out
there.
Mr. Sharp. Absolutely. Small- and average-sized farms
obviously are the ones that would suffer the most under
regulation as is and under new regulation. Even USDA came out
in their comments with concerns for small- and average-sized
farms under this standard and, of course, under other
regulation.
Senator Inhofe. I understand that there is a copy of the
economic report on the impacts of these regulations on
agriculture. I think it is just coming out today. The results
of these are pretty dramatic. Have you had a chance to see
that.
Mr. Sharp. I mentioned in my testimony the numbers that
we've seen. This is the first study that we have seen that has
come out with any numbers on agriculture impacts from the new
standard, and a 10 percent decrease or a $5 billion annual
income loss to farmers is something that is going to knock you
way below any small- or average-sized farm profitability
margin. When you only deal with a few percent anyway, a drop of
10 percent is quite dramatic for those folks in the average or
small farm arena.
Senator Inhofe. Yes. Mr. Abbott, I was interested in some
of your comments as to the effect on jobs. I was one who was
very much concerned back when NAFTA was first imposed what
would happen. If you go industry-by-industry--I'm from
Oklahoma. Of course, it's a big agriculture State. Also, we
have a refinery industry. I was listening with some interest to
Senator Dorgan, when he was talking about the loss of jobs that
has come, the fight from across the border. And I'd kind of
like to get your idea as to what you think that job loss would
be. You mention an estimated 35,000 jobs, but is that just
within your union or your particular--how would you broaden
this to cover other jobs.
Mr. Abbott. Yes, sir. Just within our small union--and the
number, I think, that the building trades department of the
AFL-CIO is using is 1.3 million amongst all the crafts and
trades. That loss comes because of a lot of different factors.
We not only construct, but we maintain a lot of the refineries,
and the large power plants, as well as cement kilns.
One of the things that happened with the Clean Air Act last
time, there was a lot of the refinery business that moved into
the Caribbean region, they actually moved off-shore. Very few
refineries are actually left in the United States, which really
is a problem. But, of course, if you had maybe 8,000 or 10,000
people nationwide, like the boilermakers did, that was
maintaining those refineries, those are just jobs lost. That's
just man-years of work lost.
Senator Inhofe. I'll cover that in just a minute.
Senator Baucus.
Senator Baucus. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Grumet, I'm very interested in this chart of yours in
your testimony that's labeled ``C.'' It's entitled, ``Actual
Costs are Less than Original Estimates.''
Mr. Grumet. Yes. What I tried to do----
Senator Baucus. I can tell what you tried to do here, and I
find it very interesting that you've taken five different areas
and you've given the projected costs for each and the actual
costs and you've given a source, and the source is essentially
industry sources. Now, is that industry source the source for
the projected cost? And does that source actually agree with
the actual costs in each of those areas.
Let's take number one, unleaded gasoline.
Mr. Grumet. Unleaded gasoline, the suggestion at the time
of enactment by API and others was it would be eight to ten
cents per gallon. The actual cost, based on surveys by the
Energy Information Association and others, has been one cent
nationally and two cents in California.
And I should just add that these aren't the costs that
people are seeing. People are seeing no cost whatsoever. What
we've tried to do here is be absolutely accurate and indicate
the costs that the----
Senator Baucus. But the point is here that the actual cost
of unleaded gasoline is about one-eight or one-seventh of the
projected cost.
Mr. Grumet. That's correct.
Senator Baucus. Let's take VOC controls for marine vessel
boating. Why don't you explain that.
Mr. Grumet. This was a nice example in that this was a very
particular issue in New Jersey. We had the industry testify at
a public hearing that the cost would be, at minimum, two cents
per gallon, based on the controls.
New Jersey's penalty structure is based on the notion of
disgorging any undue economic benefit a company gets from
noncompliance. So it turns out that one of these Company's
failed to comply, and in the penalty phase they demonstrated
conclusively to the State that the actual costs were, in fact,
one-tenth of the costs they suggested 2 years earlier.
Senator Baucus. One-tenth of the projected.
Mr. Grumet. Yes.
Senator Baucus. All right. Let's take power plant SO2
controls.
Mr. Grumet. Well, this is an example that I think many
people refer to, the acid rain controls in the 1990 Clean Air
Act. Again, I think we were somewhat conservative. There were
many industry estimates that the cost for a tons of SO2 removed
would be over $1,500 a ton. But, looking at really just kind of
the basic industry projections--because what I think I want to
stress here is that this isn't an effort, I think, on the part
of industry to mislead anybody.
Senator Baucus. Right.
Mr. Grumet. I just think there are some natural dynamics--
--
Senator Baucus. Right.
Mr. Grumet. ----that inevitably inflate cost. The costs
were projected to be $500 to $1,000, and recently the costs
were $101. They're down actually to $75.
Senator Baucus. And the same general phenomenon occurred
with respect to power plant NOX controls.
Mr. Grumet. Yes. Absolutely same with NOX controls.
Senator Baucus. And the California low emission vehicle
program.
Mr. Grumet. That's correct.
Senator Baucus. I just saw something on the news last
night. I don't know if you saw it. It's a combination fuel cell
gasoline, which looked pretty promising. I don't know if it's
going to turn out to be as good as it sounds like it's
projected to be, but, as I recall, I think it was on ABC news
last night.
Mr. Grumet. Daimler-Benz has committed to have 100,000 fuel
cell operated vehicles on the road in the next 10 years. The
Ballard Company in Canada is producing buses that run on fuel
cells right now.
What's unfortunate is that there is no one in the U.S.
doing it.
Senator Baucus. But I understand this car uses a
combination of regular gasoline and fuel cells.
Mr. Grumet. Correct.
Senator Baucus. And it will be available in 5 or 6 years
maybe, or maybe sooner than that; that it will cost no more to
operate than current cars; it would have the same performance;
and it will have virtually none of certain emissions. I suppose
it would be----
Mr. Grumet. The only emissions would be some CO2 and some
water.
Senator Baucus. CO2 and water. But no other emissions.
Mr. Grumet. Correct.
Senator Baucus. Now that would help with ozone, wouldn't
it.
Mr. Grumet. That would be a dramatic advantage. Yes.
Senator Baucus. And so maybe these ozone standards might
not turn out to be quite so bad to the degree that those
technologies are developed, when there is no additional cost.
Mr. Grumet. We have found time and time again that many of
the gentlemen to my left and right and their industries are
incredibly capable of achieving cost-effective reductions when,
in fact, we set clear requirements and stick to those
requirements.
Senator Baucus. Yes. Well, are there other technologies
that might develop.
Mr. Grumet. There are a host of technologies. Just to touch
on a couple that are pertinent to these new standards, as I
mentioned, the main requirement would be to reduce nitrogen
oxide emissions, which would come as some comfort to Mr. Martin
because bakers really don't emit much NOX emissions, if any. In
order to get NOX emissions down, there are two technologies
that people are using.
One is selective catalytic reduction. It's like taking the
catalytic converter you have in a car and putting it on a big
smokestack. For years we were told that it wasn't possible,
even though it was happening in Europe. Well, now it has
happened in two of my States, New Hampshire and New Jersey, and
it has happened incredibly cost-effectively. We are able to
achieve up to 90 percent controls of nitrogen oxide emissions
for under $1,000 a ton, and that is, as Mr. Martin indicated,
far and away more cost effective than the control strategies
that the old standards were bringing forward.
I don't know how many more you want me to touch on, but we
have--Honda just announced the ultra-low-emission vehicle for
the exact same cost as a regular vehicle. People said it
couldn't even be done 4 years ago.
Senator Baucus. And one of the reasons this happens, as you
mentioned, is competition.
Mr. Grumet. Absolutely.
Senator Baucus. Different companies want to develop a
better product--cheaper, more-efficient product. It's just
competition.
Mr. Grumet. That's the American way. And the ``New York
Times'' last Friday had an article showing that, in fact,
pollution control companies had stagnated their sales. Their
sales have actually gone down since 1985, showing that, in
fact, we're really not pushing our industrial base to improve
our environmental quality.
Senator Baucus. Thank you. I see I've got a red light here,
Mr. Chairman.
Senator Inhofe. Well, we'll have more rounds, Senator
Baucus.
Senator Thomas.
Senator Thomas. Yes. As I listened to you, Mr. Grumet, if
competition is driven by more efficiency, then why do we need
regulation.
Mr. Grumet. Well, pollution, in my micro-economics class--
and I wasn't very good--was the example that was used to
describe market failure. When we have a situation----
Senator Thomas. I don't think that's true. We're talking
about efficiency and cost is mostly why these new things come
about, not----
Mr. Grumet. Well, Senator Thomas, I may not understand, but
I think it's very possible for a company to have very low costs
while creating a tremendous amount of pollution, which inposes
high costs on other people, but----
Senator Thomas. I won't pursue it any farther, but if
you're talking about competition and efficiency driving these
things, that's what drives it, and not the setting by EPA of
standards.
Senator Baucus. If I might say, Mr. Chairman, the point is
to internalize the cost, and therefore the competition drives
the technology. You have to have standards to internalize the
cost.
Senator Thomas. Senator Baucus, I was questioning them, but
thank you very much. I certainly appreciate it. I'm talking
about efficiency, and we get efficient----
Senator Baucus. If they internalize it, they get some
efficiencies.
Senator Thomas. Absolutely, and it doesn't take regulation
if you believe in the marketplace. That's an aside.
Doctor, you sort of indicated that there was great
scientific consensus. You're the first one I've heard say that.
Mr. Thurston. Well, the points of consensus of CASAC have
been under-represented in hearings here, I think, and I think
especially George Wolfe, when he talks about what happened at
CASAC, he tends to dwell on the points of lack of consensus.
But I feel that more emphasis should be put on where there was
a consensus, and I think that's where EPA acted.
There was a consensus, and I can read you right out of
George Wolfe's closure letter where they said that there was a
consensus--let's see. Here's one. ``There was also a consensus
that a new PM<INF>2.5</INF> NAAQS be established.'' It's right
out of his closure letter. And, similarly, for ozone.
Senator Thomas. Well, wait a minute. You may have this
group consensus. I'm talking about science, in general.
You know, one of the real problems for us--and you can
understand this--is on all these things, ``Let's have a
scientific basis.'' ``Let's do it on good science.'' We have
ten scientists come, and all of them have a different view.
Now, how many of this consensus group agreed on 15
micrograms daily.
Mr. Thurston. There was a consensus to have a standard.
They didn't attempt to set the actual standard. That was left
to the Administrator. They----
Senator Thomas. Only two out of twenty-one agreed with the
initial proposition.
Mr. Thurston. I think that what happened, if you read the
transcript of the day that they talked about this, as I have,
George Wolff simply asked them where they would set it, and
each person gave a number, and I think that had they perhaps
gone around the table again you would have seen a little more
consensus. But the fact of the matter is there was a large
agreement--there was a consensus that they needed a
PM<INF>2.5</INF> standard, and the way it reads is that EPA
sets the standard. Their job wasn't to come to a specific
number. As a matter of fact, I think George Wolff was the first
chairman who has done such a poll asking for a number, because
I don't think it is the job of CASAC to set a number. That's
the Administrator's job, and that's exactly what the
Administrator did.
Senator Thomas. Exactly, and not many scientists agree with
that. That's the problem. And I understand science isn't always
going to come the same, but to suggest that there is consensus
among science I think is a little misleading. That certainly
hasn't been what we've heard from everyone who has come here.
Also, you've talked about the costs will not be
substantial, and I don't know what ``substantial'' means. Small
Business Administration says, ``It is certainly one of the most
expensive regulations, if not the most expensive, faced by
small business in 10 years or more.''
Mr. Thurston. I don't believe I said that----
Senator Thomas. No, I'm talking to Mr. Grumet. I'm sorry.
Mr. Grumet. Thanks.
Senator Thomas. Small Business. This is the government
agency.
Mr. Grumet. Yes, I agree. Government is also not immune
from overstating costs--EPA does it all the time--because all
Government can do is use the best information that they are
given by the same people who are providing you this
information. I think, though, that you also know that there are
very often times tensions in any large organization--the
Administration being a very large one--and EPA is going to
great ends to try to diminish the impacts on small businesses.
We care very deeply about small businesses in the
northeast. We are not apologists for EPA. We have many
conflicts with them. We are of the belief that these standards,
because they reflect the true science, will, in fact, bring
forward--now, when I say ``science'' I'm not talking health
science, because----
Senator Thomas. True science.
Mr. Grumet. Well, Senator, let me back up for a second.
These standards are not perfect, but there's a choice before us
that is presented by S. 1084, and that choice is between the
old standards or the new standards. And if you ask yourself
which standards better reflect the health costs and the health
impacts, which standards better reflect the true reality of the
problem, since that is the relative choice we have, I think
there is little question that the new standards are a better
reflection of the health issues.
Senator Thomas. That's your view, and I understand that.
Mr. Grumet. That's why I'm here to offer it.
Senator Thomas. But that's not a consensus, obviously. Not
everyone thinks that's--it seems like the northeast seems to
have more problem with air quality. Is that valid.
Mr. Grumet. It partially----
Senator Thomas. I can almost tell where people came from as
to what they're going to say.
Mr. Grumet. I think the map I showed you--and I refer back
to attachment ``A''--demonstrates that if you care about
chronic exposure to ozone, the midwest actually has a greater
health risk than the northeast. If you look at the highest one
hour experienced each year, the northeast has a worse problem
than the midwest.
Senator Thomas. Is the northeast generally in compliance.
Mr. Grumet. By and large, no, for two reasons--our own
pollution and the pollution that wafts into our region from
other regions.
Senator Thomas. Why would you then ask for more stringent
controls if you're not in compliance with what's in place.
Mr. Grumet. That's an excellent question, and the answer is
because the existing standards call forth irrational and
ineffective controls, which is why implementing them doesn't
fix the problem.
Senator Thomas. The EPA director said that they're not
putting in the control; that they're leaving that to somebody
else. All they're doing is setting standards.
Mr. Grumet. You have to apply standards in order to try to
meet a certain end point. If that end point is trying to reduce
peak ozone levels and your only opportunity is to try to place
controls in the urban area where you have that kind of
violation, you are left with doing things like regulating
bakeries very stringently.
Senator Thomas. But you haven't met the controls now.
Mr. Grumet. We have implemented far more controls than
other regions of the country, yet we still have----
Senator Thomas. No. Let's talk about results. Let's talk
about goals. Your goal is compliance with current, isn't it.
Mr. Grumet. It is, absolutely. And if we are given an
inappropriate set of tools which are ineffective in achieving
those goals, it's hard for me to understand how we could be
criticized for our failure.
Senator Thomas. I don't understand that, but my light is--
--
Mr. Thurston. Maybe I could help if I responded to this
point.
Senator Thomas. My time is up.
Senator Inhofe. Well, I think it is kind of interesting.
You talk about where you are out of attainment, and out there
you are. I've often thought--I can remember when Secretary
Browner talked about when she goes around the country, so yes,
you have an attainment problem. It's not your fault. It's the
guys west of you. This happened down in Louisiana when she was
making a presentation down there. ``You mean we're going to
have to actually implement all these changes?'' No, your
problem comes from Texas. And I'm sure if she were in Texas
she'd say it was from Arizona, and eventually get maybe to
Wyoming. I don't know.
I was pleased yesterday to hear from Secretary Pena on this
zero emissions car, but I think we're losing site of something
here because I'd like to remind my colleagues that Carol
Browner had previously stated that no new requirements would be
placed on mobile sources under these standards, anyway; that it
would all be from utilities.
And also I'd like to point out that I can remember some 20
years ago when they said by the year 1998 we'd all be driving
electric cars. Well, that's next year, and I don't see that
coming up either.
So I think in the best of circumstances the announcement
yesterday--he said that this would be available in the show
rooms in 10 years. Well, I wouldn't want to predicate our
decisions today on what we think is going to happen in 10
years.
Back to you, Mr. Abbott. When you talked about the
refineries, and I don't think you and I either one would blame
the owner of a refinery for going south of the border in that
very competitive industry, because they could be down there
where they do not have the requirements--the EPA requirements
and other requirements.
I can remember during the debate on NAFTA one of my
concerns was that in the transportation industry that we would
allow--NAFTA would allow a Mexican trucking line to pick up a
load in Brownsville, Texas, and take it to New York City and
not comply with all the requirements. And, of course, that gave
them a competitive advantage. And so I don't think either one
of us would blame them for doing that. I just want to correct
an environment that encourages that.
Mr. Abbott. Absolutely. Yes, sir. One of the things that's
important to point out, too, is that these cars that Senator
Baucus talked about, all of these things have been going for
quite a while under the old EPA Act. I mean, there has been a
lot--there has been an evolving technology that has been going
on for some time. That certainly did not come about because EPA
decided to change the standards.
We are on the cutting edge. The building trades unions do
install a lot of the environmental controls, and therein is one
of the problems, because a lot of these large utilities have
gone to a tremendous expense, hundreds of millions of dollars,
to install pollution control equipment, and then all of the
sudden the goal post is moved and now some of the other
businesses that were not in compliance perhaps under these
standards have an additional 10 years to comply.
It just seemed that the Clean Air Act was working, we were
getting excellent results all the way through. The emissions
were being reduced, the pollution was being reduced, the ozone
level was going down, and the control equipment that was being
put on or had been ordered in the last few years, some of that
equipment, because these standards were being proposed, the
owners held off installing clean air equipment. So there were a
lot of jobs that were lost just from the fact that these
standards were pending and not knowing what was going to
happen.
Senator Inhofe. Mr. Abbott, I think in all the seven
hearings we've had I don't recall one person suggesting that
the air isn't getting cleaner every day. It is. However, that
doesn't seem to be factored in to all these considerations,
what we're going to do from this point forward.
I think the most--when you talk about moving the goal
posts, Government doesn't understand what it costs to move goal
posts. When an industry--I don't care if it's a baking industry
or the family farmer or the power industry--invests millions of
dollars, and then all the sudden finds, ``Well, we now have
implemented new standards, so you have to do--'' there just is
not an appreciation for the cost and who bears that ultimate
cost, whether it's the cost of labor, the cost of
manufacturing, the cost of production. It's going to be
ultimately the consumer. That's the thing that concerns me.
Mr. Grumet, I understand that the standards that are
proposed by the EPA are really not enough for you, are not set
high enough for you. I think you've been quoted many times
saying you want a more stringent standard.
Mr. Grumet. Are you speaking of the recently-set standards
or the old standards.
Senator Inhofe. The recently-set standards.
Mr. Grumet. I'm not sure what you're referring to, but
back, I guess, 6 months ago we did comment that the particulate
standard, the daily particulate standard, should be set more
strictly than the 65 micrograms per cubic meter, so we do think
that standard is inadequately protective.
But, again, we're not going to let the best become the
enemy of the good.
Senator Inhofe. I was really wondering whose side you're
on. You're against our bill, but you also are against the----
Mr. Grumet. No. I'm strongly supportive, as are the
Northeast States, of the standards recently adopted by the
Administrator.
Senator Inhofe. But you said those standards do not go far
enough.
Mr. Grumet. I'm saying that I don't think they're perfect
and I don't think any standards ever will be perfect. I think
those standards are far better protective of public health and
far better in terms of inspiring cost-effective results.
Senator Inhofe. All right. I'm going to pursue this, and I
don't have to leave but Senator Baucus does, so I'll yield to
him.
Senator Baucus. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
I'd just like to--first of all, I have a letter I want to
insert in the record. This is from Administrator Browner. She
has information that bears on this hearing and the fact that
she asked to testify and she was refused the ability to come to
testify at this hearing, so I'll put this letter in the record.
[The information to be supplied follows:]
Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of the Administrator,
October 21, 1997.
The Honorable Max Baucus,
Committee on Environment and Public Works,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC 20510.
Dear Senator Baucus: I am writing in response to your letter of October
15, 1997 requesting the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) views
on S. 1084, a bill that would repeal EPA's recent update of the air
quality standards for ozone and particulate matter.
As you know, these new standards are a major step forward in public
health protection. Each year, they will prevent approximately 15,000
premature deaths, as well as hundreds of thousands of cases of
significantly decreased lung function in children and hundreds of
thousands of asthma attacks in children and adults.
EPA strongly opposes S. 1084 because it would undermine these
important public health protections. The bill would revoke the
stronger, updated standards, reinstate the old standards, and prohibit
EPA from revising or replacing these outdated standards for at least 4
years. The decision to strengthen the air quality standards was based
on compelling science indicating that the old standards were not
adequately protective. Repeal or delay would only result in needless
suffering for millions of Americans. In addition, delay would have
other adverse health consequences and environmental effects such as
reduced yields of agricultural crops, damage to commercial and non-
commercial forests, and continued visibility impairment.
Furthermore, the public has a right to know whether the air in
their communities is safe to breathe, as determined by the latest, best
available science--and these standards are the means by which
government makes this information available.
As you know, the President has announced a flexible, common-sense
implementation plan for the new standards. This implementation approach
will continue current progress in achieving cleaner air. It will give
states, local governments and business the flexibility to meet the new
standards in a cost-effective way. EPA's strategy for regional
emissions reductions, as proposed by EPA last week, will allow the vast
majority of areas to meet the new ozone standard without additional
local pollution controls. The President's implementation policy also
ensures that at a new round of review of particulate matter science
will be completed within 5 years, and that no areas will be designated
as nonattainment for fine particles during this period.
The Office of Management and Budget advises that there is no
objection to the submission of this report from the standpoint of the
President's program.
I hope that these views are helpful. If I can provide any
additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely,
Carol M. Browner.
Senator Baucus. Second, I'd just like to remind us all of
the time line--I'll just take PM<INF>2.5</INF>--that something
might happen.
This year EPA issues its final PM<INF>2.5</INF> standard.
This year EPA begins new scientific review of health effects of
fine particulate matter. Next year, voluntary State discussions
on regionally transported particle pollution. Between the year
1998 and the year 2000, monitors are put in place nationwide. I
might add that in Administrator Browner's letter she states
that, with respect to PM<INF>2.5</INF>, that the President's
implementation policy also ensures that the new round of review
of particulate matter science will be completed within 5 years,
and that no areas will be designated as nonattainment for fine
particles during this period, so there is a whole 5-year study
that will be in place before any decisions will be made on
particulate matter.
In the period 1998 to 2003, collect monitoring data; in the
year 2002, EPA completes the 5-year scientific review of
particulate matter standards, which I just mentioned and she
states in her letter. Between the years 2002 and 2005, EPA
designates areas. Between the years 2005 and 2008, the States
submit their plans, their SIPs, outlining how they will meet
the PM<INF>2.5</INF> standard, and the States needing
reductions begin. That's in the period between 2005 and 2008.
So, in summary, between the years 2012 and 2017, following
designation, States may have up to--the point it, the States
may have up to 12 years under the Clean Air Act to meet
PM<INF>2.5</INF> standards.
We're going to learn a lot in the next 12 years. We're
going to learn the degree to which the standards selected by
the Administrator make sense and the degree to which they don't
make sense, reminding ourselves that the standards that she
selected were for range proposed by CASAC, the scientific
review panel. She didn't just pick these out of thin air. This
is a range of standards presented to her by CASAC, which is
required under current law, a 5-year review of every 5 years.
So I understand some of the concerns that people have about
these standards. I have concerns, myself. I come from a farm
State. But I also think that this period of time gives us
adequate time to adjust it, to change the standards that they
should be changed, depending upon data that we get and studies
that are conducted.
All this makes much more sense to me to continue down this
time line rather than to pass this bill, which says stop. In
fact, it implies we don't do anything. It just says do nothing
for 4 years. And, as has been pointed out, there's nothing in
this bill that says we do anything after 4 years. It just says
stop.
And we do know that there are a lot--that these standards
will avoid many premature deaths, certainly avoid a lot of
unhealthy--some people that have unhealthy conditions that have
caused them to be very unhealthy. And I trust, frankly, the
American people. I trust the process. It's the only one we've
got, folks. It's us, our country, our Government. We should
work to make it work, not just say stop, do nothing with
respect to PM<INF>2.5</INF> and ozone.
Another point I'd like to make is with respect to
PM<INF>2.5</INF>. It's my understanding that virtually none of
the PM<INF>2.5</INF> would be directed at agriculture. One
could dispute whether it's 1 percent or 2 percent or what not,
but it's a very small amount. In fact, we all know the letter
from Carol Browner to Secretary Glickman saying it's not
targeted at agriculture, etc.
I have some sympathy to what you're saying, Mr. Sharp. A
lot of farmers and ranchers, it's a very small margin and
they're out of business. There's no doubt about that. I know
that's the case. But I also strongly suspect that when States
implement implementation plans for areas that are in
nonattainment, they're not going to sell it to agriculture.
They just won't. At least they won't in my State. I can tell
you that. I can't speak to other States, but I think that
farmers should be slightly concerned about all of this, but I
don't think they should be alarmed.
Mr. Sharp. Could I reply to that.
Senator Baucus. Sure.
Mr. Sharp. Our concern is that EPA has no idea how much we
emit of PM<INF>2.5</INF>. That's the biggest concern for us. We
want to avoid regulation that California has already included
for PM<INF>10</INF>. I'll read----
Senator Baucus. We don't have time here. We don't want to
talk about PM<INF>10</INF>, because we're not talking about
PM<INF>10</INF>. We're talking about PM<INF>2.5</INF>.
Mr. Sharp. Okay. PM<INF>2.5</INF> for agriculture fugitive
dust from crops, three million tons is their estimate from
agriculture; agricultural livestock, 181,000 tons. Those
figures are what has been given to the States to use----
Senator Baucus. That's 2.5.
Mr. Sharp. That's 2.5
Senator Baucus. And whose studies are those.
Mr. Sharp. Those are all credited in STAPPA and ALAPCA, the
State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators, and
ALAPCA, the Association of Local Air Pollution Control----
Senator Baucus. I hear you and I understand that. But,
again, just to remind ourselves, we have a 5-year period here
under the law with which to study PM<INF>2.5</INF>. At the end
of that 5-year period, we're going to know whether that study
is valid or invalid or to what degree it's valid or invalid.
We're going to know a lot more than we know now, and we can
proceed from that point.
Mr. Sharp. We're not sure if that time line is going to
hold. As was mentioned earlier, I do believe, at the end of the
table down here, civil suits have a big play in this, and this
guarantees we don't----
Senator Baucus. I understand the argument, but I just, with
the deepest respect, think there's not much validity in that
argument. That is, I don't think that anyone who sues now,
files a civil lawsuit saying EPA doesn't have this authority,
is going to get very far. And most attorneys I've talked to on
this issue have the same conclusion.
The light has been red for a long time. I don't want to
take too much of the chairman's time.
Senator Inhofe. Well, let me go ahead and resume the
questioning.
On my time, Mr. Sharp, why don't you go back to your
documentation on California and PM<INF>10</INF>.
Mr. Sharp. You mentioned regulation to begin with, and this
is the exact type of regulation we want to not run into a
problem with on PM<INF>2.5</INF>. We need the data first.
This was included. This regulation or this control measure
was included in California's State implementation plan that has
now gone to EPA for final approval, and they have a list of
them here, but my favorite one--and, being from a farm family,
I didn't even know what tracking control was or what you would
be doing by trying to gain or implement tracking control, so I
had to look this one up. But included for PM<INF>10</INF>--and
this is the exact same thing we're trying to avoid here--
tracking control, ``Prevent tracking soil on unpaved public
roads when turning at the end of runs during tillage operations
from August through October. Prevent tracking mud and dirt on
paved public roads from farm roads when water is used to
prevent dust during this period. The effectiveness of this
measure would be dependent on the reduction of mud and dirts
tracked onto the paved public roads and the amount of traffic
traversing the affected paved public road.''
They want us to control the dust that drops off the tractor
tires or between the treads onto dirt roads before you drive it
out, before you drive your tractor on the road or turn around
on a road. Things like that, we don't know how you would
implement.
Also regulation that's impacting agriculture, the new
regional haze proposal and a non-road diesel proposal, both
have come out in the last couple months, both of which are
under the guise of a new PM<INF>2.5</INF> plan. Both of those
would control particulate matter, PM<INF>2.5</INF>, from
agriculture or have an impact, either directly or indirectly,
to agriculture. The non-road diesel is an obvious one through
equipment, and the regional haze one has been spelled by the
Park Service and the Forest Service, and targets agriculture
PM<INF>2.5</INF> controls for burning and for agriculture
tillage.
Senator Inhofe. All right, sir. Thank you very much. I hope
that I have not been misrepresenting what would happen with
implementation--not the setting, but the implementation of
these standards, when I talk to farm groups.
A week ago Monday I was in western Oklahoma, seven
different communities, ending up talking to the Farm Bureau in
Cherokee. I commented to them that it would be more regulation
by the Federal Government in terms of when you can plant a
crop, when you can harvest a crop, when you can burn a field,
when you can burn your diesel. And this is what really does
concern. Am I misrepresenting this to these people.
Mr. Sharp. No. That's accurate.
Senator Inhofe. You're a family farm owner, as well as a
professional.
Mr. Sharp. Based on what has happened in California under
PM<INF>10</INF> for those controls, and then based on a
document put together by the Clean Air Act Advisory Committee--
they call it an opportunity matrix. It's a draft document. But
in that document they list a couple different pages of controls
for agriculture for PM<INF>2.5</INF>, including everything from
banning burning, which is number one on the list to taking land
out of agricultural production; planting trees and permanent
grasses; dietary changes for cattle, for hogs, for poultry. The
list goes on and on.
Senator Inhofe. Yes.
Mr. Sharp. So there are a number of these that have been
spelled out very clearly. Yes.
Senator Inhofe. I would say this: the family farmers that I
talked to, at least in the State of Oklahoma, are very
sensitive to this and are very well-informed on this, so
someone has done a good job. I would like to also mention that
it's not just the Farm Bureau. The Farmers Union has been
active in this, as well as the Cattlemans Association and other
groups, too.
Mr. Sharp. There are over 30 agricultural organizations.
Senator Inhofe. Mr. Grumet, going back to you, I was going
to read a quote and see if you still stand. You're talking
about such steps that could be taken, and now we're back
referring to ozone.
Mr. Grumet. Can you tell me where it's from, also.
Senator Inhofe. Steps such as reducing car emissions, using
manual lawn mowers, and filling gas tanks during evening hours
will have a profound effect on reducing the levels of smog we
all breathe.
Mr. Grumet. Can you remind me where that was from.
Senator Inhofe. Yes. Thursday, August 7, 1997, on
``Business Wire.'' I have it right here.
Mr. Grumet. Okay. I'm----
Senator Inhofe. And the reason I bring this is up is that
if there's anything that has bothered me more than anything
else in the whole issue this last 11 months, it's when
Administrator Browner, who is a very intelligent person, a very
remarkable person, is always saying that nothing like this is
going to have to happen. Nothing like this is going to have to
happen and everything is going to be fine. In fact, she goes so
far as to say to the petroleum marketers, ``Well, it's not
going to affect you. You guys aren't going to be affected. It's
going to be refineries.'' To the bakers, ``It's not going to
affect you.'' To the mayors of our cities, ``It's won't affect
you.'' Everybody is outside. And even geographically, as I
mentioned a minute ago, it's always in some area other than
where you are.
Mr. Grumet. Two comments. I'm pretty sure what you're
referring to was probably a quote from the ``Good Morning
America'' show when the Northeast States were rolling out an
ozone map which tried to depict--and your staff is nodding--
trying to depict the daily ozone levels, and I was discussing
the benefits of giving people this information, because it
would give them the ability to take voluntary steps, ``such
as.''
So, just to be absolutely clear, the suggestion that these
new standards or any standards in the northeast would stop
people from mowing lawns or restrict when you can fill up your
gas tank would be incorrect.
Senator Inhofe. Would be incorrect.
Mr. Grumet. Yes.
Senator Inhofe. So you don't agree with this statement.
Mr. Grumet. I guess I didn't speak clearly.
Senator Inhofe. I'm going to go ahead and put this document
in the record at this point, because I see what I consider to
be a contradiction.
[The information to be supplied follows:]
(Business Wire, Thursday, August 7, 1997)
Smog Map Technology is Launched; Public to Learn of Ground-Level Ozone
Dangers
Boston--Watching your television news broadcast can be good for
your health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in conjunction
with the Ozone Transport Commission (OTC), the Northeast States for
Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) and the Mid-Atlantic Regional
Air Management Association (MARAMA) today launched an animated smog map
to broadcast during daily weather reports in many states that
experience high levels of summertime ground-level ozone, commonly known
as smog.
Smog is a major air pollutant and respiratory irritant that can
cause permanent lung damage and sends thousands of people to hospitals
each year with respiratory ailments. As of June 1997, over 100 million
people reside in areas of the country that do not meet National Ambient
Air Quality Standards for ozone.
``The ozone map was developed to warn people about dangerous air
quality,'' said Jason Grumet, executive director of NESCAUM. ``Although
we can't see or smell smog, individuals have the right to know what
they are breathing and what is making them ill. Just as important, the
map will also serve as a way to educate individuals so that they take
actions every day to reduce their own contribution to ground-level
ozone. Steps such as reducing car emissions, using manual lawn mowers
and filling gas tanks during evening hours will have a profound effect
on reducing the levels of smog we all breathe.''
The high-tech mapping system gathers air quality data from more
than 200 state and local air monitoring stations from North Carolina to
Maine and provides colonized maps several times daily to show the
concentration and location of smog. The new smog map allows residents
to reduce their exposure to unhealthful air and to take proactive
measures to reduce the amount of pollution they contribute.
``Information is power. This information will give parents,
athletes, seniors and others the power to protect themselves,'' said
EPA's New England Administrator John P. DeVillars. ``Last month
President Clinton took a strong stand in favor of better air quality by
issuing a decision for stringent new standards for clean air. The Ozone
Map takes these efforts a step further by making Americans aware of air
quality in their own backyards.''
Jeanne Fox, EPA Region-2 Administrator, said, ``The 14-state Ozone
Mapping Project provides the public with critical data about a
potential health hazard. We all benefit from the investment in new
technology that brings air monitoring data to the TV screen in a way
that is useful to the viewing public.''
According to Dr. Alfred Munzer, past president of the American Lung
Association, ``Ozone air pollution is a health risk for the millions of
Americans who live in affected areas, but especially for children, the
elderly and people with respiratory disease. A recent Lung Association
study of 13 cities found that hospitalization among people with asthma
and other lung disorders doubled during the summer ozone season.
Providing air quality information directly to these vulnerable
individuals gives them a valuable tool to limit their exposure and
protect their health.''
Jane Nishida, secretary of the Maryland Department of the
Environment, stated, ``Maryland pioneered the ozone map technology 3
years ago with the American Lung Association of Maryland. Maryland has
aired the map locally for 3 years and is excited about the enhanced
expansion of the ozone map throughout the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic
states.''
Susan Wierman, executive director of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Air
Management Association, added, ``In 1994, a group of key individuals
believed that a map of ground-level ozone was possible and pursued the
concept tenaciously. Building on their efforts, we can now offer this
state-of-the- art technology to broadcasters, print, radio and Internet
providers throughout our 14-state region.''
Ozone pollution is not just a danger to susceptible populations;
healthy individuals who work, exercise or play outdoors for even an
hour or two can suffer respiratory difficulty in the form of coughing,
chest pains and throat irritation. Experts estimate that between $50
and $100 billion per year is spent treating medical ailments caused by
air pollution. Further, the consequences of ozone pollution go beyond
health and safety concerns, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
reports that lowering ozone exposure will reduce the yield loss of
major agricultural crops by almost $500 billion.
Bruce Carhart, executive director of the Ozone Transport
Commission, said, ``Seeing the new ground-level ozone map on TV will
bring to light the true extent of our smog problem. The partnerships
between states and media outlets to provide air quality information
will add to the public's understanding of ground-level ozone's impact
on their health.''
Ground-level ozone is created through the interactions of man-made
emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides in the
presence of heat and sunlight. Cars and other gasoline-burning engines
are large sources of volatile organic compounds. Other sources include
oil-based paints, insecticides and cleaners. Nitrogen oxides, the other
chemical precursor of ground-level ozone, are produced whenever fossil
fuels are produced whenever fossil fuels are burned and are primarily
produced by motor vehicles and power plants.
Ozone mapping data is available at no charge to broadcasters and
the public on the Internet at http://www.epa.gov/regionO1/eco/ozone/
The data will also be available at no charge to clients of Weather
Service International, a leading weather service provider, as
``SMOGcast''. Additional weather service providers will be sought to
distribute the map.
``TV stations are very interested in using the map on their weather
forecasts because demand by the public for health and safety
information has never been greater,'' said Maria Pirone of Weather
Services International. ``We are pleased to serve the public by
providing this free information through our partner television
stations.''
For those wishing to learn more about ground-level ozone call the
U.S. EPA at 1-800-821-1237 to receive your free Air Quality guide and
informational brochure.
Mr. Grumet. Senator, please let me try again, because I
don't think I was contradicting myself. I was indicating that
those are voluntary measures that people could choose to take
if they were given this kind of ozone smog map information on
their nightly news. I was not suggesting, nor am I, nor would I
ever suggest those were prescriptive measures that the
Government would impose upon anybody. So I would welcome you
putting it into the record, as long as it is in the proper
context.
Senator Inhofe. How many volunteers are you going to get
out there on using manual lawn mowers instead of automatic lawn
mowers.
Mr. Grumet. Senator, I think----
Senator Inhofe. A groundswell of volunteers.
Mr. Grumet. I guess, you know, it depends on what kind of
yard you have. Where I live in Boston, people have yards
somewhat smaller than the horseshoe right here.
Senator Inhofe. And instead of watching the World Series at
night, you think they want to go out and gas their cars.
Mr. Grumet. I guess, Senator, the issue--and I think you're
talking it out of context, which I object to. The point is that
we're trying to give people information and we were trying to
explain to the TV audience what kinds of actions individuals
could take of their own volition if they, in fact, cared enough
to try to reduce their pollution. And these proposed----
Senator Inhofe. That's clear. I understand what you're
saying, Mr. Grumet.
Mr. Grumet. I have no idea how many people would choose to
take those options. Probably few.
Senator Inhofe. Yes. Dr. Thurston, you testified before--
and I really appreciate your coming back. One thing that has
come from your testimony is that not only do scientists
disagree occasionally, but so do doctors. And you might
remember that--I think you were here at our first scientific
hearing, which was in February. Later on in April, Dr.
Christopher Grand, an emergency room doctor, talked about how
much more cost-effective in saving actual lives it would be to
invest a fraction of the ozone PM costs into trauma care. Since
then we have statistics--and he sent us these statistics--the
flu vaccine for all citizens would be approximately $140 per
life saved; a mammogram for women over 50, $810 per life saved;
pneumonia vaccine for elderly, $2,000 per life saved. And then,
compared to the PM ozone, based on EPA's estimate, which is
dramatically different than some of the others we have, it
would be $533,000 per life saved. Based on the Reason
Foundation out in California that I referred to earlier, it
would be $10 million per life saved.
Do you think this is a good use of their funds.
Mr. Thurston. I'm glad you bring this up, because I think
that that's a specious argument that has been made quite a bit
up here in Washington.
The fact is that if we were to say we don't want to clean
up the air, we won't make utilities put scrubbers on, I don't
think they would take that money and donate it to hospitals so
they could set up units like that.
The fact is that they're a separate thing, and I think
that's a specious argument. In other words, it's not a trade-
off of one versus the other at all; the question is whether to
go forward and clean up the air and get the benefits that those
offer or not.
Senator Inhofe. What I'm trying to get to--and it seems as
if it's not just when we're talking about clean air, but the
same is true with endangered species, superfund, wetlands, kind
of a cost/benefit analysis is something that I think should be
somewhere induced into this thing.
It may be true that that money wouldn't be spent, but when
Dr. Grant was asked that same question he responded that, as an
emergency room doctor, he has a whole host of drugs that worked
that he needs more funds for trauma centers. And I think we'd
probably agree with that.
Mr. Thurston. Well, there is a cost benefit. I mean, the
RIA looks at the cost and it looks at the benefits, and
obviously there are lots of benefits which are not monetized on
that. EPA has had cases where it has over-estimated the cost. I
think the one that was being mentioned before, the scrubbers,
as I recall, EPA estimated much higher cost for the acid rain
cleanup than the less than $100 that a ton of SO2 is trading
for today. So that's a case where not only industry but EPA
also, as I recall, over-estimated the cost. So there are these
cost/benefit analyses that are done as part of the regulatory
process.
Senator Inhofe. Thank you, Dr. Thurston.
Mr. Smith, you have your attorney with you. Mr. Daskel is
it.
Mr. Smith. Yes, sir.
Mr. Daskel. Yes, sir.
Senator Inhofe. Mr. Daskel, you may want to answer this
question. You'd probably be a little bit more familiar with it
than Mr. Smith would. I'm interested in your lawsuit under the
10th Amendment. Am I correct? And would you explain what that
is.
Mr. Daskel. Yes, sir. The 10th Amendment fundamentally
guarantees State sovereignty, and under the Supreme Court's
decision back in July striking down the pre-notice--the
background check provisions of the Brady bill, the Supreme
Court found that the provisions were Constitutionally invalid
because they effectively commandeered the regulatory apparatus
of the States. States were forced to pass legislation,
implement regulations, and enforce them, essentially dancing to
the strings of a Federal puppeteer, as some of the language of
the opinion.
In the opinion they talked about Federal--the IM
requirements, which are one of the mandatory strategies under
the Clean Air Act, and the court noted that it was fortunate
for EPA that the IM cases of the late 1970's did not reach the
high court because they would have invalidated those control
measures, as well.
Now, it is our position that, because the Clean Air Act
mandates that once an area reaches a given area of
nonattainment, certain controls are triggered as a matter of
law. There is no flexibility. For example, in our industry we
have to sell reformulated gasoline, we have to install stage
two vapor recovery, even though you're controlling the same
emissions now through on-board vehicle canisters. We have to do
enhanced IM. And that forces the States to do exactly the same
thing. The States have no choice but to pass legislation, adopt
regulations, and implement and enforce those regulations
against noncomplying parties, all to the strings of EPA.
And I think what--my issue with Senator Baucus' remarks was
that he was talking primarily in the context of
PM<INF>2.5</INF> versus ozone, and legally they are two
entirely different things, although I could certainly conceive
of a way down the road apiece where, if I see that a control
measure is going to--it's reasonably foreseeable that a given
control measure is going to be needed to control
PM<INF>2.5</INF>, that I could bring a citizen suit and enforce
it, and that's one of our concerns.
We talked about the process. And, with ozone, in
particular, what really concerns us is that you're talking
about rewriting the entire classification scheme of the Clean
Air Act. I mean, EPA has got to talk about areas of influence
and areas of violation. And while we were up here, I brought my
Montana folks in to see Senator Baucus, himself, on occasions
on this issue.
You had the bill out of this committee, S. 1630, that had a
very different classification scheme than the three House
bills, and then the House bill that was ultimately enacted.
What concerns us about the process is this grab that EPA
can rewrite a classification scheme that was bitterly fought
over between the two houses of Congress. That's one of the--I
mean, as my friend, Mr. Smith, wanted to say, we elected you
folks to make these decisions, not to hand them off to EPA.
Senator Inhofe. Since we're speaking to an attorney here,
let me ask if you've given some thought to potential lawsuits
that could be brought by adopting a standard today that would
not be implemented for 6 years in the case of ozone or 9 years
in the case of PM, that, in fact, it's a double standard. What
would be the legal ramifications of that, or have you given any
thought to that.
Mr. Daskel. I really--in other words, that the agency has
essentially violated a duty by adopting a standard but by
putting the implementation off into the future.
Senator Inhofe. Yes. That has been the concern of a lot of
people, the unpredictability. I think Mr. Sharp would agree
that the fact that you can't predict into the future--and Mr.
Abbott, also, because this is something that you make
preparations for, as you pointed out. You spend a lot of money
to do that, and then you find that maybe a lawsuit could come
along and say, ``Wait a minute. You say you're not going to
lower those standards, whether you're talking about ozone or
PM, for a period of 6 years, and yet you've already adopted the
standards, therefore you don't know when these standards could
come down on you and how to prepare for them.'' The same would
go for you, Mr. Martin. That's a concern I have. Am I correct
in the fact that it's the nonpredictability that is probably
one of the greatest problems here.
Mr. Grumet. Senator, could I comment for one moment.
Senator Inhofe. Yes. Of course.
Mr. Grumet. Whatever the lawyers or judges decide, there
are just some absolute realities. You need time to set up the
monitoring network. That's going to take about 2 years. You
need time to monitor, since the Act requires 3 years of data.
That's 3 years. My States have to develop the implementation
plans. Those take public hearings and State legislation. No
matter what the courts say, lawyers can't make us do the
impossible.
Senator Inhofe. We're almost out of time here. I just want
to cover a couple of things. One is that Senator Baucus made a
comment that Administrator Browner was not a part of this
panel. I can assure you Administrator Browner has been in many,
many panels before my committee, as well as others. She said,
when she testified, she's testified over 20 times on this
issue. In our seven hearings, one was devoted entirely to her,
and the other devoted entirely to her assistant, Mary Nickles.
And earlier this month Carol Browner testified in the House
committee on the House companion bill, which is House bill
1984. So certainly it was not an effort to exclude her from
testifying. She's very gifted, and she also has a talent of
consuming time.
And I think that there is something that I would like to
invite all of you to read. It's the current edition of ``Forbes
Magazine.'' It's entitled, ``Watch out for this Woman.'' I
won't go into it, but if you'd like to read that you might find
it to be of some interest. And you also might--it might be more
revealing and maybe answer the question that so many people
have asked me, ``Why is it, if there is no scientific
justification for imposing such hardships and overregulation on
the American people, all the way from the farmer to the union
member to the entrepreneurs, why would she want to do this?'' I
think that answers the question.
I would like to--I know we have to conclude this, because
we have to give up the room, but I hope that everyone who is--
and if there are any responses to this, I'd be glad to hear
from any member of the panel. But when we talk about the
premature deaths, that is really a great disservice to the
American people, implying that people are going to die.
I remember when we had one of our hearings here, and I
asked the definition of what constitutes a premature death, and
I don't remember if any of you--I don't think any of you were
on that particular panel. And when they described it, I told
the story of my very dear mother-in-law, who on New Year's Day
of this year died at age 95, and it was really a blessing that
it came at a time that it was the appropriate time. However,
she would have fit in the category of premature deaths as
defined before this panel.
And then, when you go from 60,000 premature deaths down to
20, down to 15, down to 5, down to 1,000, it's a moving target.
It's kind of like the amount of money. They said it's only
going to cost $8 billion a year, and yet the President's own
Economic Advisory Council said it's going to be $60 billion a
year. And, as we have talked about, many of the foundations
around say it is going to be somewhere between $90 and $150
million a year. We've put that to an average family of four,
Mr. Abbott, to be around $1,700 a family. I don't know how many
of your union members want to incur that kind of a financial
hardship.
So I do appreciate very much having this panel. We do feel
very enthusiastic about doing something with this bill. I
disagree with your comments about the bill. It's not a matter
of just doing nothing. As Senator Baucus said, we want to
outline a system to put something in place so that we would be
able to predict that there is going to be proper scientific
input on not just this change that is being advocated by the
EPA and the Administration, but also any future changes insofar
as the clean air is concerned. And I think that's very
reasonable.
It is my intention, I can announce to you, that even though
I don't think we do have the votes to pass Senate bill 1084 and
they do have the votes to pass in the House the House bill
1984, I doubt if we would have the votes to override a veto. It
is my intention to go ahead and try to put this on as an
amendment, for example, in the ISTEA bill that's before us
right now. I'm not sure we're going to get to it, but I have an
amendment already drafted that is this particular bill, because
it is appropriate to be on the intermodal transportation
reauthorization bill, as well as perhaps fast track, if that
should come along.
So I appreciate the input that we've received from all of
you, and I appreciate the time that you have devoted to this,
and we are now adjourned.
[Whereupon, at 11:28 a.m., the subcommittee was adjourned,
to reconvene at the call of the Chair.]
[The introduced bill, S. 1084, and additional statements
submitted for the record follow.]
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Prepared Statement of Hon. James M. Inhofe, U.S. Senator from the State
of Oklahoma
Today's hearing will examine the Breaux/Inhofe Bill, S. 1084 the
``Ozone and Particulate Matter Research Act of 1997.'' This legislation
was introduced as a result of the new clean air standards for ozone and
particulate matter promulgated by the EPA on July 17. This bill is a
companion bill to H.R. 1984 introduced by Congressmen Klink and Upton
and supported by Commerce Chairman Bliley and ranking member John
Dingell.
Senator Breaux and I felt it necessary to introduce this
legislation because the EPA ignored the tremendous opposition to these
new standards. Those opposed to the standards include everyone from:
Governors
U.S. Conference of Mayors
National League of Cities
National Association County Officials
National Conference of State Legislators
Local government officials
Agriculture Community (including:)
Farm Bureau
Farmers Union
Cattlemen
American Corn Growers
Small Business Community (including:)
NFIB
U.S. Chamber of Commerce
Black Chamber of Commerce
Small Business Survival Committee
A Number of State Environmental Directors (including):
Montana
Michigan
Louisiana
Alabama
Nebraska
Mississippi
Idaho
Ohio
Oklahoma
Kentucky
South Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
In total, there have been over 3,200 letters resolutions and
comments expressing concern with these standards. While I don't want to
take the time to read the names of all of the organizations who sent
these letters, I will distribute copies of an index to these letters to
the members of the Committee and enter the index into the record.
In addition, a number of organizations have written in support of
the legislation being considered today and they include:
U. S. Chamber of Commerce
Grocery Manufacturers Association
Steel Manufacturers Association
American Trucking Associations
National Federation of Independent Business
National Indian Business Association
National Food Processors Association
National Restaurant Association and the 1995 White House Conference
on Small Business Environmental Implementation Chairs
I would also like to introduce these letters into the record
showing more than 30 organizations supporting the Breaux/Inhofe Bill.
The House version currently has 191 cosponsors and the Senate Bill
has a bipartisan list of 9 cosponsors. The cosponsors are:
Kempthorne
Ford
Hagel
Byrd
Hutchison
Hollings
Phil Gramm
And I am pleased that yesterday we added an additional 12
cosponsors to the bill:
Landrieu
Cochran
Sessions
Tim Hutchinson
Murkowski
Ashcroft
DeWine
Hatch
Shelby
Enzi
Thomas
Roberts
Before we get to the testimony of today's panel, I would like to
briefly outline the bill.
The bill establishes an independent panel to be convened by the
National Academy of Sciences to prioritize the research needs on the
health effects of particulate matter. This step will help bring
consensus to any new standards proposed by the EPA in the future. In
coming out with the recent standards the EPA relied on epidemiological
studies and research performed by former EPA employees. The National
Academy of Sciences will help restore credibility to the process.
Next, in order to ensure that the Federal dollars are spent on the
research priorities of the independent panel, the legislation
establishes a Particulate Matter Interagency Committee to coordinate
the activities of the Federal agencies engaged in particulate matter
research. This committee will be composed of 8 different Agencies and
Departments.
The EPA will use this research in addition to private research to
review the air quality criteria through the Clean Air Science Advisory
Committee (CASAC). This review must be completed no earlier than 4
years after the enactment of this Act.
In addition to the science research, the EPA is authorized to
require State implementation plans in order to establish a particulate
matter monitoring program.
During this research and monitoring period, the original standards
for ozone and particulate matter will be reinstated and shall not be
revised until the scientific review is completed.
The legislation also directs the National Institute of Health to
begin a research program to study the health effects of allergens on
asthmatics, particularly in regard to urban inner cities. One of the
biggest holes in the EPA's proposal was identifying the true causes of
respiratory problems in inner city children.
Finally, the legislation authorizes $100,000,000 to carry out the
provisions with $25,000,000 of that sum set aside for the ozone
research provision.
This plan follows the advice of three of the four past CASAC
chairs, it concentrates on understanding the science. For the farmers,
the small businessmen, the unions, and the mayors and Governors; it
provides continuity. Today they are concerned about the EPA's
implementation schedule. They realize it can be challenged and thrown
out by the courts and they need stability while they try to implement
the 1990 amendments.
I would like to remind everyone what Mary Nichols, the former EPA
Assistant Administrator for Air said at our last hearing. ``Under the
President's implementation schedule, the new standards will not save
any lives over the next 5 years.''
Therefore, the Breaux/Inhofe bill will provide the necessary
research, monitoring, and stability for the American people without
endangering any lives.
__________
ATTACHMENT
list of letters, resolutions, and comments expressing concern about
changes to the naaqs
State legislative resolutions
Alabama House Resolution (4/16/96)
<bullet> *Alabama Senate Joint Resolution (SJR 77) (3/13/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas House Resolution (HR 1011) (2/21/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas Senate Resolution (SR 7) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Colorado Senate Joint Resolution (SJR 34) (no date)
<bullet> Delaware Senate Resolution--Delaware House concurs (5/9/96)
<bullet> *Delaware House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 5) (1/29/97)
<bullet> *Delaware House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 42) (1/30/97)
<bullet> Florida House Resolution (HB 1927) (no date)
<bullet> *Georgia House Resolution (HR 379) (3/13/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Senate Resolution (SR 278) (3/17/97)
<bullet> *Idaho House Joint Memorial (HJM 7) (3/18/97)
<bullet> Illinois House Resolution (5/2/96)
<bullet> Illinois Senate Resolution (5/2/96)
<bullet> *Indiana Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 30) (1997)
<bullet> *Iowa Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 12) (no date)
<bullet> *Iowa House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 8) (no date)
<bullet> *Kansas Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 1608)
<bullet> *Interim Joint Committee on Agriculture and Natural
Resources of the Commonwealth of Kentucky (no date)
<bullet> *Michigan House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 11) (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Michigan House Resolution (HR 13) (2/26/97)
<bullet> *Michigan Senate resolution (SR 22) (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Mississippi Senate resolution (SCR 577) (3/25/97)
<bullet> *Missouri House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 23) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Missouri Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 12) (2/25/97)
<bullet> Ohio Resolution--passed both Houses of Legislature (11/14/
96)
<bullet> *Ohio Senate Concurrent Resolution (SCR 2)
<bullet> *Ohio House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 8)
<bullet> *Ohio House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 9)
<bullet> *Ohio House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 10)
<bullet> *Oklahoma House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 1007)
<bullet> Rhode Island Senate Resolution (4/11/96)
<bullet> *Rhode Island Senate resolution (3/4/97)
<bullet> South Carolina Resolution--passed both the House and Senate
(4/18/96)
<bullet> *South Carolina Senate Resolution (SB 814) (4/22/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota Concurrent Resolution (SCR 4) (2/28/97)
<bullet> Tennessee House Resolution (4/3/96)
<bullet> *Utah Senate Joint Resolution (SJR 12)
<bullet> *West Virginia House Concurrent Resolution (HCR 7) (2/26/
97)
__________
Letters from Governors
<bullet> *Arizona Governor Fife Symington to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Arizona Governor Fife Symington to President Clinton (6/
12/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee to Carol Browner (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee to President Clinton (5/
16/97)
<bullet> Arkansas Governor Jim Guy Tucker to Carol Browner and OMB
(4/9/96)
<bullet> *Delaware Governor Thomas Carper to Mary Nichols (3/12/97)
<bullet> Florida Governor Lawton Chiles to Carol Browner (5/7/96)
<bullet> *Florida Governor Lawton Chiles to Carol Browner (1/8/97)
<bullet> Georgia Governor Zell Miller to President Clinton (9/19/96)
<bullet> Illinois Governor Jim Edgar to Carol Browner (5/2/96)
<bullet> Indiana Governor Evan Bayh to Carol Browner (7/16/96)
<bullet> *Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Governor Bill Graves to Carol Browner (3/11/97)
<bullet> Kentucky Governor Paul Patton to Carol Browner (5/23/96)
<bullet> Kentucky Governor Paul Patton to President Clinton (6/12/
96)
<bullet> Louisiana Governor Mike Foster to Carol Browner (5/23/96)
<bullet> *Louisiana Governor Mike Foster to Carol Browner (3/11/97)
<bullet> Michigan Governor John Engler to Carol Browner (6/12/96)
<bullet> *Michigan Governor Engler to his colleagues at the NGA
meeting (2/2/97)
<bullet> Mississippi Governor Kirk Fordice to Carol Browner (7/2/96)
<bullet> Missouri Governor Mel Carnahan to Carol Browner (9/24/96)
<bullet> *Montana Governor Marc Racicot (3/11/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Governor James Hunt to Carol Browner (3/11/
97)
<bullet> *North Dakota Governor Ed Schafer to Carol Browner (3/10/
97)
<bullet> *North Dakota Governor Ed Schafer to U.S. Senator Kent
Conrad (D-ND) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota Governor Ed Schafer to U.S. Representative
Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (6/10/97)
<bullet> Ohio Governor George Voinovich to Carol Browner (5/3/96)
<bullet> Ohio Governor George Voinovich to Carol Browner (11/25/96)
<bullet> Ohio Governor George Voinovich to Carol Browner (no date)
<bullet> *Ohio Governor Voinovich to Carol Browner (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from Ohio Governor Voinovich, the Speaker of
the Ohio House, and the President of the Ohio Senate to Senator
Chafee (1/7/97)
<bullet> *Ohio Governor Voinovich and Lieutenant Governor Hollister
to all Ohio mayors and county commissioners impacted by the
proposed NAAQS revisions (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Ohio Governor Voinovich to U.S. Representative Sherrod
Brown (D-OH) (7/23/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
<bullet> South Carolina Governor David Beasley to Carol Browner (5/
7/96)
<bullet> *South Carolina Governor David Beasley to Carol Browner (3/
7/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Governor Don Sundquist to Carol Browner (1/13/
97)
<bullet> *Texas Governor George W. Bush to Carol Browner (3/11/97)
<bullet> Utah Governor Michael Leavitt to Carol Browner (7/12/96)
<bullet> Virginia Governor George Allen to Carol Browner (9/13/96)
<bullet> Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson to Carol Browner (5/23/
96)
<bullet> *Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson to Carol Browner (3/12/
97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin Governor Tommy G. Thompson to President Clinton
(5/22/97)
<bullet> *Wyoming Governor Jim Geringer to North Dakota Governor Ed
Schafer (12/19/96)
<bullet> *Wyoming Governor Jim Geringer to Carol Browner (3/6/97)
<bullet> Letter signed by New Jersey Governor Christine Whitman and
Nebraska Governor Benjamin Nelson (Chair and Vice Chair of the NGA
Committee on Natural Resources) to Carol Browner (8/27/96)
<bullet> *Western Governors' Association letter signed by four
Governors: Nelson (NE), Schafer (ND), Leavitt (UT), and Miller (NV)
(5/9/97)
__________
Letters from members of the Clinton Administration
<bullet> Jere Glover (U.S. Small Business Administration) to Carol
Browner (11/18/96)
<bullet> *White House Conference on Small Business to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Department of the Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force
Base Ohio (2/11/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Department of Defense comments (3/12/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Department of Agriculture to EPA (3/31/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Department of Agriculture Air Quality Task Force to
USDA Secretary Dan Glickman (3/10/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Department of Energy (3/97)
<bullet> U.S. Department of Transportation to Sally Katzen, OMB (11/
20/96)
<bullet> *Memo from Alicia H. Munnell, Executive Office of the
President, Council of Economic Advisors to Sally Katzen, OMB (12/
10/96)
<bullet> *Memo from Alicia Munnell to Art Fraas, OMB (12/13/96)
__________
Public policy group resolutions
<bullet> National Association of Counties (NACo) resolution (7/14/
96) *National Association of Counties (NACo) resolution (3/2/97)
<bullet> Policy Statement (Resolution) adopted by the Energy Council
(the Energy Council is an organization of elected state legislators
from ten energy producing states and the province of Alberta. The
member states are AK, WY, CO, NM, TX, OK, AR, LA, MS, and AL.) (6/
18/96)
<bullet> *Policy statement (resolution) adopted by the Energy
Council (3/2/97)
<bullet> ALEC Resolution (11/19/96)
<bullet> Western States Coalition Resolution (11/17/96)
<bullet> *Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission (IOGCC)
resolution (12/10/96)
<bullet> *Council of State Governments (CSG) resolution (12/96)
<bullet> *Midwestern Legislative Conference of the Council of State
Governments (7/13-16)
<bullet> *National League of Cities resolution (12/96)
<bullet> *National League of Cities resolution (7/11/97)
<bullet> *Western Governor's Association resolution (1/22/97)
<bullet> *National Governors' Association resolution (2/4/97)
<bullet> *National Conference of Black Mayors (NCBM) (4/25/97)
<bullet> *National Council of Elected County Executives (NCECE) (5/
9/97)
<bullet> *Midwestern Governors' Conference (6/9/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Conference of Mayors (6/24/97)
__________
Letters from public policy groups
<bullet> *Representatives of several public policy groups (CSG,
International City/County Management Association, NACo, NCSL, NGA,
National League of Cities, United States Conference of Mayors) (12/
19/96)
<bullet> Executive Director of the American Legislative Exchange
Council (ALEC) (5/17/96)
<bullet> *Western Governors' Association to U.S. Senators Inhofe (R-
OK) and Graham (D-FL) (3/3/97)
<bullet> Energy Council (organization of legislators from ten
energy-producing states and a Canadian Province to U.S. Senator
James Inhofe (R-OK)
<bullet> Letter from the Republican Governors Association (went to
Browner and Nichols) (11/26/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from the National Association of Counties
(NACo) and the National League of Cities (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Letter from the Executive Director of the National Council
of Elected County Executives to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Letter and materials distributed by Paul Helmke, Mayor of
Fort Wayne, Indiana and President of the U.S. Conference of Mayors,
to mayors nationwide (Aug., 1997)
__________
Letters from members of the U.S. Congress
<bullet> *U.S. Representatives John Dingell (D-MI) and Ron Klink (D-
PA) to Mayor Daley (Chicago), President of the U.S. Conference of
Mayors (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from conservative Democrats (referred to as
Blue Dog Democrats) to President Clinton (4/30/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from 42 House Democrats (previously referred
to as the ``Dingell letter'' to President Clinton (4/24/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter co-signed by 114 House members (the ``Boucher
letter'') to President Clinton (4/22/97)
<bullet> *Letter from members of the U.S. House Committee on
Agriculture to Carol Browner (5/9/97)
<bullet> *Letter co-signed by 35 members of the U.S. Senate (the
``Inhofe letter'') to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from 8 House members to Speaker Gingrich (R-
GA) and Minority Leader Richard Gephardt (D-MO) (4/23/97)
<bullet> Eight U.S. Senators (James Inhofe (R-OK), Don Nickles (R-
OK), Dirk Kempthorne (R-ID), John Warner (R-VA), Kit Bond (R-MO),
Larry Craig (R-ID), Robert Bennett (R-UT), Craig Thomas (R-WY)) to
Carol Browner (10/9/96)
<bullet> *Letter from members of the U.S. Senate Committee on
Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry to Carol Browner (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Five Democratic U.S. Senators (Robert Byrd (D-WV), John
Glenn (D-OH), Jay Rockefeller (D-WV), Wendell Ford (D-KY), Chuck
Robb (D-VA)) to Carol Browner (3/4/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator Kit Bond (R-MO) and Dale Bumpers (D-AR) to
Carol Browner (1/7/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representatives John Dingell (D-MI) and Sherrod Brown
(D-OH) (2/25/97)
<bullet> Alabama Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (8/
23/96)
<bullet> *Alabama Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (4/
18/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from U.S. Reps. Bud Cramer (D-AL), Spencer
Bachus (R-AL), and Sonny Callahan (R-AL) to Carol Browner and U.S.
Secretary of Transportation Rodney Slater (4/1/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (5/
13/97)
<bullet> *Opening statement of U.S. Senator Tim Hutchinson (R-AR)
before the Senate Env. and Public Works Subcommittee on Clean Air,
Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety (3/3/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Gary Condit (D-CA) to Carol Browner
(3/7/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Jerry Lewis (R-CA) to Carol Browner
(2/11/97)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Michael Castle (R-DE) to Carol Browner
(6/20/96)
<bullet> *Florida Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (5/
7/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) to Carol
Browner (1/10/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Robert Wexler (D-FL) to Carol Browner
(5/2/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner (2/25/
97)
<bullet> *Illinois Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner (4/11/
97)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Lane Evans (D-IL) to Carol Browner (5/
8/96)
<bullet> *Indiana Congressional Delegation to President Clinton (5/
6/97)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to Carol Browner
(10/29/96)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to President
Clinton (11/18/96)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to Michael Kantor,
Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce (11/26/96)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to Franklin Raines,
OMB (11/26/96)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) to Michael Kantor,
Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce (1/8/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) William Daley,
Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce (3/13/97)
<bullet> U.S. Representative John Hostettler (R-IN) to Carol Browner
(2/25/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative David McIntosh (R-IN) to Carol Browner
(1/24/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Mark Souder (R-IN) to Carol Browner
(2/14/97)
<bullet> *Kentucky Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner (3/20/
97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Richard Hugh Baker (R-LA) to Carol
Browner (2/13/97)
<bullet> Five U.S. Representatives from (MI) to Bill Clinton (11/26/
96)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative John Dingell (D-MI) to Carol Browner
(12/13/96)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative John Dingell (D-MI) to his colleagues
(7/15/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) to Carol Browner
(3/13/97)
<bullet> *U. S. Representative Carolyn C. Kilpatrick (D-MI) to
President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Pat Danner (D-MO) to President Clinton
(10/23/96)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Jo Ann Emerson (R-MO) to Carol Browner
(2/7/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from U.S. Representatives Karen McCarthy (D-
MO), Ike Skelton (D-MO), and U.S. Senator John Ashcroft (R-MO) to
Carol Browner (3/12/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator Pete Domenici (R-NM) to President Clinton (2/
6/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator Pete Domenici (R-NM) to Carol Browner (2/6/
97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative James Walsh (R-NY) to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner
(5/15/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Howard Coble (R-NC) to EPA (2/18/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Sue Myrick (R-NC) to Lyons Gray, NC
Gen. Assembly (5/27/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Mike McIntyre (D-NC) to Lyons Gray, NC
Gen. Assembly (5/29/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth (R-NC) to NC state
representative Timothy Tallent (3/19/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth (R-NC) to NC state
representative Frank Mitchell (3/19/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth (R-NC) to NC state senator
R.L. Martin (3/13/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth (R-NC) to NC state
Representative Lyons Gray (5/9/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) to NC state
Representative Lyons Gray (5/7/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) to NC Rep.
Richard Conder (5/5/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) to NC State
Representative Lyons Gray (6/12/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Cass Ballenger (R-NC) to NC state
representative Frank Mitchell (3/20/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) to NC state
representative Richard Conder (4/17/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) to Carol Browner
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Bill Hefner (D-NC) to NC state Senator
Richard Condor, Majority Leader (4/30/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Bill Hefner (D-NC) to NC Rep. Mia
Morris (5/14/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Walter Jones (R-NC) to NC State
Representative Lyons Gray (6/6/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative David Price (D-NC) to NC state Senator
Richard Condor, Majority Leader (4/28/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative David Price (D-NC) to Lyons Gray, NC
Gen. Assembly (5/9/97)
<bullet> *Letter from 17 of 21 members of the OH Congressional
Delegation (including 5 democrats) to Carol Browner (2/26/97)
<bullet> *U.S Representative Paul Gillmor (R-OH) to Carol Browner
(1/16/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Ted Strickland (D-OH) to Carol Browner
(2/26/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Robert Ney (R-OH) to Carol Browner
(12/16/96)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Bob Ney (R-OH) to Carol Browner (2/6/
97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Bob Ney (R-OH) to Carol Browner (2/20/
97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Bob Ney (R-OH) to Carol Browner (7/15/
97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative J.C. Watts, Jr. (R-OK) to Carol
Browner (2/13/97)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Mike Doyle (D-PA) to Carol Browner (11/
22/96)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA) to Carol Browner (3/12/
97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Joseph Pitts (R-PA) (2/25/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Joseph Pitts (R-PA) to U.S.
Representative Thomas Bliley (R-VA) (2/25/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator John Chafee (R-RI) to Carol Browner (4/16/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner
(6/6/97)
<bullet> U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond (R-SC) to Robert Hickmott (EPA)
(5/16/96)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative John Thune (R-SD) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative John Thune (R-SD) to Sally Katzen, OMB
(5/8/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative John Thune (R-SD) to Kathleen McGinty,
Council on Environmental Quality (5/8/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (5/28/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Ed Bryant (R-TN) to Carol Browner (2/
25/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative John Duncan (R-TN) to Carol Browner
(12/16/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative John Duncan (R-TN) to Carol Browner
(1/24/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative John Duncan (R-TN) to Carol Browner
(2/14/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Van Hilleary (R-TN) to Carol Browner
(1/20/97)
<bullet> *Texas Congressional Delegation to Carol Browner (4/17/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from U.S. Representatives Kenneth Bentsen (D-
TX) and Eddie Bernice Johnson (D-TX) to Carol Browner (4/17/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Martin Frost (D-TX) to Carol Browner
(3/11/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Kay Granger (R-TX) to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> U.S. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX) to Carol Browner
(8/2/96)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Max Sandlin (D-TX) to Carol Browner
(3/4/97)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Frank Tejeda (D-TX) to Carol Browner
(8/21/96)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Tom Bliley (R-VA) to Carol Browner (2/
26/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Thomas Bliley (R-VA) to Carol Browner
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Tom Bliley (R-VA) to Carol Browner (2/
3/97)
<bullet> U.S. Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV) to Lynne Ross (EPA) (6/14/
96)
<bullet> U.S. Representative Alan Mollohan (D-WV) to Carol Browner
(6/13/96)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Bob Wise (D-WV) to Carol Browner (3/
12/97)
<bullet> *U.S. Representative Mark Neumann (R-WI) to Carol Browner
(6/20/97)
<bullet> Letters from state regulatory agencies
<bullet> *Letter from 13 environmental commissioners to U.S. Sens.
Trent Lott (R-MS), Tom Daschle (D-SD), and U.S. Reps. Newt Gingrich
(R-GA) and Richard Gephardt (D-MO) (7/21/97)
<bullet> *Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Alabama Department of Environmental Management (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Division of
Forestry to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas Department of Pollution Control and Ecology (4/
15/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Highway Commission (2/11/97)
<bullet> *Florida Department of Transportation (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Department of Natural Resources (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, Division of
Environmental Quality (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois Department of Transportation (2/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois Department of Transportation to President Clinton
(6/2/97)
<bullet> *Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Commissioner Michael O'Connor to Carol Browner (no date)
<bullet> *Indiana Department of Environmental Management to Carol
Browner (7/8/97)
<bullet> *Iowa Department of Economic Development (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Department of Health and Environment (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
Cabinet (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
Cabinet Secretary Bickford to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality to EPA (3/
11/97)
<bullet> *Michigan Department of Agriculture to EPA (1/15/97)
<bullet> *Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Michigan Department of Transportation (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota Department of Transportation (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality to Patricia
Koman and David McKee, EPA (3/12/97)
<bullet> Letter from the Nevada Bureau of Air Quality Chief to the
Nevada Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
Administrator (11/13/96)
<bullet> *New Mexico Environment Department to Carol Browner (3/10/
97)
<bullet> *Joint comments of the NC Secretary of Transportation,
Secretary of Env. Health and Nat. Resources and Secretary of the
Dept. of Commerce (3/12/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota Department of Labor Commissioner Craig Hagen
to President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture James A. Graham
to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Ohio Department of Development to Carol Browner (2/25/97)
<bullet> *Ohio Department of Health to Carol Browner (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Ohio Environmental Protection Agency--Don Schregardus (3/
10/97)
<bullet> *Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Oklahoma Department of Transportation (3/12/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
Control (3/10/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
Control to U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (7/31/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Department of Transportation (2/19/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Department of Commerce to U.S. Senator
Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (6/17/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (3/11/97)
<bullet> Commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Environment and
Conservation to Mary Nichols (5/16/96)
<bullet> Commissioner of the Texas Natural Resource Conservation
Commission to Mary Nichols (7/19/96)
<bullet> *Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Environmental
Quality (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Transportation (2/
6/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of
Highways (3/14/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Division of Environmental Protection (3/11/
97)
__________
Letters/comments from state senators and representatives
<bullet> *Alabama Caucus of House Democrats Chair, Mike Box to
President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Alabama State Senator Pat Lindsey to President. Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> Alabama Speaker of the House James Clark (D-AL) (6/13/96)
<bullet> *Alabama State Representative James Clark (D-AL) to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Alabama State Representative Bill Fuller to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Alabama State Representative Blaine Galliher to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Alabama State Representative Seth Hammett to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Alabama State Representative Randy Hinshaw to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Alabama State Representative Ronald G. Johnson to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Alabama State Representative Neal Morrison to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Alabama State Representative Jack Page to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Senator Scott Bundgaard to President Clinton
(6/3/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Senator Brenda Burns to President Clinton
(6/18/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Senator Edward Cirillo to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Senator Randall Gnant to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Senator Thomas Patterson to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Senator Marc Spitzer to President Clinton
(6/12/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Senator Carol Springer to President Clinton
(6/11/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Don Aldridge to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Carolyn Allen to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Mark Anderson to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Bob Burns to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Mike Gardner to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Jeff Groscost to President
Clinton (6/3//97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Marilyn Jarrett to President.
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Karen Johnson to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Laura Knaperek to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Wes Marsh to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Jean Hough McGrath to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Robin Shaw to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Tom Smith to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Roberta Voss to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Representative Barry Wong to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Senator Mike Bearden to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Senator Canada to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Senator Cliff Hoofman to President Clinton
(6/4/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Senator Roy Lewellen to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> Arkansas State Senator William Walker (D-AR) to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative M. Dee Bennett to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Pat Bond to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Michael Booker to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Irma Hunter Brown to
President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Scott Ferguson (D-AR) (2/20/
97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Scott Ferguson (D-AR) to
President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Joe Harris to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Myra Jones to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Ben McGee to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Jacqueline J. Roberts to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Judy Smith to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas State Representative Wilma Walker to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *California State Assemblyman Steve Baldwin to U.S.
Representative Brian Bilbray (R-CA) (no date)
<bullet> *California State Assemblyman Howard Kaloogian to U.S.
Representative Brian Bilbray (R-CA) (no date)
<bullet> *California State Assemblyman Bernie Richter to U.S.
Representative Vic Fazio (D-CA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Colorado State Senator Jim Congrove to President Clinton
(6/23/97)
<bullet> *Colorado State Representative Barry Arrington to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Colorado State Representative Chuck Berry (R-CO) to
President Clinton (12/9/96)
<bullet> *Colorado State Representative Doug Dean to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Colorado State Representative Carl Miller to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Colorado State Representative Mark Paschall to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Colorado (former) State Representative Eric Prionzler to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> Colorado State Representative Paul Schauer (R-CO) to
President Clinton (11/26/96)
<bullet> *Delaware State Representative George Carey (R-DE) (1/30/
97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from Delaware State Senator Harris McDowell
(D-DE --Majority Whip) and state Representative Joseph DiPinto (R-
DE) (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Senator Charlie Bronson to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Senator Mario Diaz-Balart to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Senator John Grant to U.S. Representative
Jim Davis (D-FL) (9/23/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Senator John Grant to U.S. Representative
Karen Thurman (D-FL) (10/3/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Senator John Ostalkiewicz to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Florida Senate and House agriculture committees to Carol
Browner (3/11/97). Letter signed by Sen. Charlie Bronson and Rep.
``Irlo'' Bud Bronson.
<bullet> *Florida State Representative George Albright to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Joseph Arnall to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Rudolph ``Rudy'' Bradley to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Bob Brooks to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Jerrold Burroughs to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative James Bush III to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative D. Lee Constantine to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative George Crady to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Faye B. Culp to U.S.
Representative Jim Davis (D-FL) (9/23/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Willye F. Dennis to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative James Fuller to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Howard Futch to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Rodolfo ``Rudy'' Garcia to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Harry C. Goode, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative John Morroni to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Luis C. Morse to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Bill Posey to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Luis Rojas to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative R.Z. Sandy Safley to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Jeff Stabins to U.S.
Representative Cliff Stearns (R-FL) (10/10/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Jeff Stabins to U.S.
Representative Karen Thurman (D-FL) (10/10/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Allen Trovillion to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Florida State Representative Earl Ziebarth to U.S.
Representative Clifford Stearns (R-FL) (9/27/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Robert Brown to U.S. Senator Max
Cleland (D-GA) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Robert Brown to President Clinton
(6/12/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Casey Cagle to U.S. Senator Max
Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Casey Cagle to President Clinton (6/
17/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Hugh M. Gillis, Sr. to U.S. Senator
Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Pam Glanton to U. S. Senator Max
Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Pam Glanton to President Clinton (6/
19/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Floyd Griffin, Jr., to President.
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Floyd L. Griffin, Jr. to U.S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Steve Henson to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Donzella J. James to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Connie Stokes to U.S. Senator Max
Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Connie Stokes to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Nadine Thomas to U.S. Senator Max
Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Nadine Thomas to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Senator Steve Thompson to President Clinton
(6/2/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Alberta Anderson to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Terry Barnard to U.S. Senator
Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Terry Barnard to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Sharon Beasley-Teague to U.S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Sharon Beasley-Teague to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Jeffrey W. Brown to U. S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Jeffrey W. Brown to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Mark Burkhalter to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Mark Burkhalter to U. S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Tom Campbell to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Henrietta Canty to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Henrietta M. Canty to U.S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Grace W. Davis to U.S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Grace W. Davis to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Dorothy Felton to U. S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative David Lucas, Sr. to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative June Hegstrom to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Henry Howard to U.S. Senator
Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Henry Howard to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Newt Hudson to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Robert A. Irvin to U.S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Vermon Jones to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Vernon Jones to U.S. Senator
Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative George Maddox to U.S. Senator
Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative George Maddox to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Billy McKinney to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Barbara J. Mobley to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Lawrence Roberts to U.S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Lawrence Roberts to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Calvin Smyre to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative LaNett Stanley to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Pamela A. Stanley to U.S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Henrietta Turnquest to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Henrietta E. Turnquest to
U.S. Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Carl Von Epps to U.S. Senator
Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Georgia State Representative Carl Von Epps to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator J. Bradley Burzynski to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Earlean Collins to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator James DeLeo to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator James DeLeo to U.S. Senator Carol
Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/26/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator James DeLeo to U.S. Senator Richard
Durbin (D-IL) (9/26/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Kirk W. Dillard to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Bruce Farley to President Clinton
(5/30/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Beverly Fawell to President Clinton
(6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Jesus G. Garcia to President
Clinton (5/31/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Denny Jacobs to U.S. Senator Carol
Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/18/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Doris C. Karpiel to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Christopher Lauzen (R-IL) (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator David Luechtefeld to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator David Luechtefeld to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/8/97). Letter also sent to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL).
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Terry Link to U.S. Senator Carol
Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/18/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Terry Link to U.S. Senator Richard
Durbin (D-IL) (8/18/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Terry Link to U.S. Representative
John Edward Porter (R-IL) (9/4/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Terry Link to President Clinton (6/
5/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator William F. Mahar to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator John W. Maitland, Jr. to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator John W. Maitland, Jr. to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator John W. Maitland to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Robert Molaro to President Clinton
(6/16/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Barack Obama to President Clinton
(5/28/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator William L. O'Daniel to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator William L. O'Daniel to U.S. Senator
Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Kathleen K. Parker to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Kathleen Parker to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin (D-IL) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Kathleen K. Parker to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Kathleen K. Parker to U.S.
Representative John Edward Porter (R-IL) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Steven Rauschenberger to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Steven Rauschenberger to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Steven Rauschenberger to U.S.
Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Jim Rea to President Clinton (6/13/
97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Penny Severns to U.S. Senator Carol
Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/30/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Penny Severns to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin ( D-IL) (9/30/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator William Shaw to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Dave Syverson to President. Clinton
(6/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Louis S. Viverito to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin (D-IL) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Louis S. Viverito to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Louis S. Viverito to President
Clinton (6/15/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Senator Frank Watson (R-IL) to Carol
Browner (1/28/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Mike Boland to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Glenn E. Bradford to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Glenn E. Bradford to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/8/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Glenn E. Bradford to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/8/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Richard T. Bradley to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Richard T. Bradley to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Richard T. Bradley to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (no date)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Richard T. Bradley to U.S.
Representative Rod Blagojevich (D-IL) (no date)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative James D. Brosnahan to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Robert J. Bugielski to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Robert J. Bugielski to U.S.
Representative Rod Blagojevich (D-IL) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Robert J. Bugielski to U.S.
Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Robert J. Bugielski to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Daniel Burke to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Daniel J. Burke to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Daniel J. Burke to U.S.
Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Ralph Capparelli to
President. Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Ralph C. Capparelli to U. S.
Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Ralph C. Capparelli to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Ralph C. Capparelli to U.S.
Representative Rod R. Blagojevich (D-IL) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Elizabeth Coulson to
President Clinton (5/31/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Elizabeth Coulson to U. S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Elizabeth Coulson to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Elizabeth Coulson to U.S.
Representative John Edward Porter (R-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative M. Maggie Crotty to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Julie Curry to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Julie A. Curry to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/8/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Julie A. Curry to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/8/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Thomas Dart to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Steve Davis to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Steve Davis to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Steve Davis to U.S. Senator
Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Terry Deering to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative James B. Durkin to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Arline Fantin to President
Clinton (5/31/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Arline M. Fantin to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Arline M. Fantin to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Sara Feigenholtz to
President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Mary Flowers to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative John Fritchey to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Michael Giglio to President
Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Calvin L. Giles to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Calvin Giles to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Calvin Giles to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Kurt Granberg to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Kurt Granberg to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Kurt Granberg to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Kurt Granberg to U.S.
Representative Rod R. Blagojevich (D-IL) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Gary Hannig to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> Illinois State Representative Charles A. Hartke (D-IL) to
Carol Browner (10/23/96)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Charles A. Hartke to Lynn
Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Charles A. Hartke to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Charles A. Hartke to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Brent Hassert to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Thomas Holbrook to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Tom Holbrook to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Tom Holbrook to U.S. Senator
Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Constance A. Howard to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Constance A. Howard to U.S.
Carol Senator Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Constance A. Howard to U.S.
Senator Richard J.Durbin (D-IL) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Lou Jones to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Shirley M. Jones to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Howard Kenner to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley Braun (D-IL) (9/15/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Howard Kenner to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/15/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative I. Ronald Lawfer to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Joseph Lyons to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Joseph Lyons to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/18/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Frank J. Mautino to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Frank J. Mautino to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/8/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Frank J. Mautino to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/8/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Kevin McCarthy to President
Clinton (5/31/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative John C. McGuire to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative John C. McGuire to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative John C. McGuire to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Larry McKeon to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Larry McKeon to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (no date)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Larry McKeon to U.S. Senator
Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (no date)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Jerry Mitchell to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Jerry Mitchell to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Jerry Mitchell to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Jerry Mitchell to U.S.
Representative Lane Evans (D-IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Eugene Moore to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Charles G. Morrow III to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Harold Murphy to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Richard P. Myers to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Richard Myers to U.S.
Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/15/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative John Philip Novak to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative John Phillip Novak to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative John Phillip Novak to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Mary O'Brien to President
Clinton (5/31/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Mary O'Brien to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Mary O'Brien to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Carole Pankau to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative David Phelps to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative David Phelps to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/18/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative David Phelps to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin (D-IL) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Coy Pugh to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Coy Pugh to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/30/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Coy Pugh to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/30/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Dan Reitz to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Dan Reitz to U.S. Senator
Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Angelo Saviano to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/4/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Angelo Saviano to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/4/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Angelo Saviano to U.S.
Representative Rod R. Blagojevich (D-IL) (9/4/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Jeffrey M. Schoenberg to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Jeffrey M. Schoenberg to
U.S. Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Jeffrey M. Schoenberg to
U.S. Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Jeffrey M. Schoenberg to
U.S. Representative John Edward Porter (R-IL) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Doug Scott to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Doug Scott to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/12/97). This letter was also sent to
U.S. Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL).
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Michael Smith to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Arthur L. Turner to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Arthur Turner to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (10/1/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Arthur Turner to U.S.
Senator Richard Durbin ( D-IL) (10/1/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Ronald A. Wait to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative David Winters to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Corrine Wood to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Larry D. Woolard to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Larry D. Woolard to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Larry D. Woolard to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Wyvetter H. Younge to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Wyvetter H. Younge to U.S.
Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois State Representative Wyvetter H. Younge to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/11/97)
<bullet> Indiana State Representative Ralph Foley (R-IN) (5/8/96)
<bullet> *Indiana State Representative Beverly J. Gard (IN) to Lynn
Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Iowa State Senator Merlin Bartz to President Clinton (6/
13/97)
<bullet> *Iowa State Senate Majority Leader Stewart Iverson, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Iowa State Representative Michael Cataldo to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Iowa State Representative Dennis May to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *Iowa State Representative Christopher Rants to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Kansas State Senator Dick Bond to President Clinton (6/18/
97)
<bullet> *Kansas State Senator Chris Steineger to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *Kansas State Representative David Adkins to President.
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Kansas State Representative Richard Alldrift to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Kansas State Representative Annie Kuether to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Kansas State Representative Bruce Larkin to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Kansas State Representative Laura McClure to President
Clinton (6/14/97)
<bullet> *Kansas State Representative Tony Powell to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Kansas State Representative Doug Spangler to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Kansas State Representative Galen Weiland to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Louisiana State Senator Paulette Riley Irons to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Louisiana State Senator Paulette Irons to U.S.
Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/11/97)
<bullet> *Louisiana State Representative Arthur A. Morrell to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Louisiana State Representative Arthur A. Morrell to U.S.
Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Louisiana State Representative Arthur A. Morrell to U.S.
Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Senator Jane Amero to President Clinton (6/4/
97)
<bullet> *Maine State Senator Richard A. Bennett to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Senator Jeffrey H. Butland to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Senator R. Leo Kleffer to President Clinton
(6/7/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Senator Norman K. Ferguson, Jr. to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Senator Betty Lou Mitchell to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Douglas Ahearne to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Alvin Barth to President
Clinton (6/7/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Donald Berry, Sr., to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Gerald N. Bouffard to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Joseph Brooks to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Randall L. Bumps to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Pat Gagliardi to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Rosita Gagne to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Gevorge Kerr to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative William Lemke to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Thomas E. Poulin to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Edward J. Povich to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative John H. Underwood to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Lois A. Snowe-Mello to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Marc. J. Vigue to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative G. Paul Waterhouse to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Robert Winglass to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Julie Winn to President Clinton
(6/11/97)
<bullet> *Maine State Representative Tom Winsor to President Clinton
(6/4/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from MD Speaker of the House Casper Taylor
(D) and Senate President Mike Miller (D) (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from 48 Maryland state legislators to Michael
McCabe, U.S. EPA Region III Administrator (2/18/97). The
signatories are: Del. Martha Klima (R), Sen. Norman Stone (D), Del.
Donald Murphy (R), Sen. Philip Jimeno (D), Del. James Malone (D),
Sen. Edward Middlebrooks (R), Del. Wheeler Baker (D), Sen. Thomas
Bromwell (D), Del. Mary Roe Walkup (R), Sen. Timothy Ferguson (R),
Del. James Kelly (R), Sen. Larry Haines (R), Del. James Rzepkowski
(R), Sen. Lowell Stoltzfus (R), Del. John Leopold (R), Sen. Roy
Dyson (D), Del. Nancy Stocksdale (R), Sen. Richard Colburn (R),
Del. John Arnick (D), Del. James Ports (R), Del. Janet Greenup (R),
Del. Diane DeCarlo (D), Del. Robert Baldwin (R), Del. Kenneth Holt
(R), Del. Raymond Beck (R), Del. Louise Snodgrass (R), Del. Michael
Burns (R), Del. Anita Stup (R), Del. Victoria Schade (R), Del. Joan
Cadden (D), Del. Joseph Getty (R), Del. Thomas Dewberry (D), Del.
Alfred Redmer (R), Del. Kenneth Schisler (R), Del. Wade Kach (R),
Del. Rose Bonsack (D), Del. Barrie Ciliberti (R), Del. David
Brinkley (R), Del. Donald Fry (D), Del. John Donoghue (D), Del.
Nancy Jacobs (R), Del. Robert McKee (R), Del. Donald Elliott (R),
Del. Joseph Minnick (D), Del. Jake Mohorovic (D), Del. Anthony
O'Donnell (R), Del. Robert Kittleman (R), Del. Robert Flanagan (R)
<bullet> *Maryland State Senator Walter Baker to Michael McCabe, EPA
Region 3 Administrator (1/26/97)
<bullet> *Maryland State Senator Perry Sfikas to President Clinton
(6/20/97)
<bullet> *Maryland State Senator Norman Stone (D-MD) (cover letter
to 48 legislator letter) (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Maryland Delegate Donald Murphy to Michael McCabe, EPA
Region 3 Administrator (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from Maryland Delegate D. Bruce Poole and
Maryland State Senator Donald Munson to Michael McCabe, EPA Region
3 Administrator (1/30/97)
<bullet> *Letter from several MI state senators to Carol Browner (2/
12/97). The signatories are: Sen. Loren Bennett (R), Sen. Dick
Posthumus (R),Sen. Bill Bullard (R), Sen.Doug Carl (R), Sen. Dan
DeGrow (R), Sen. Chris Dingell (D), Sen. Mat Dunaskiss (R), Sen.
Joanne Emmons (R), Sen. Harry Gast (R), Sen. Robert Geake (R), Sen.
Joel Gougeon (R), Sen. Philip Hoffman (R), Sen. George McManus (R),
Sen. Walter North (R), Sen. Mike Rogers (R), Sen. Bill Schuette
(R), Sen. John Schwartz (R), Sen. Dale Shugars (R), Sen. Glenn
Steil (R), Sen. Leon Stille (R), Sen. Wm. Van Regenmorter (R).
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Tom Alley to President
Clinton (3/8/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Tom Alley to President
Clinton (3/18/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Paul Baade to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Beverly A Bodem to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Beverly A. Bodem to U.S.
Representative Bart Stupak (D-MI) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Beverly A. Bodem to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Rose Bogardus to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Robert Brackenridge to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Lingg Brewer to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Bob Brown to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Deborah Cherry to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Bob Emerson to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Bob Emerson to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Bob Emerson to U.S. Senator
Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative A.T. Frank to President
Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Pat Gagliardi to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Michael J. Goschka to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative David Gubow to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Michael J. Hanley to
President Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Clark Harder to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Clark Harder to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Clark Harder to U. S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Speaker of the House Curtis Hertel to
President. Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Kwame M. Kilpatrick to
President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Gerald H. Law to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Terry London to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Thomas Middleton to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Raymond M. Murphy to
President Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Dennis Olshove to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Lynn Owen to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Glenn Oxender to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Michael Prusi to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Vera R. Rison to President
Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Vera B. Rison to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Vera B. Rison to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Mark H. Schauer to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Martha G. Scott to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Paul Tesanovich to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Paul Tesanovich to U.S.
Representative Bart Stupak (D-MI) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Paul Tesanovich to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Ilona Varga to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Ted Wallace to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Michigan State Representative Howard Wetters to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota State Senator Steve Dille to U.S. Representative
David Minge (D-MN) (9/8/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota State Senator Bob Lessard to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota State Senator Jim Vickerman to U.S.
Representative David Minge (D-MN) (9/22/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota State Senator Deanna L. Wiener to U.S.
Representative Bill Luther (D-MN) (9/11/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota State Representative Tim Commers to
Representative Jim Ramstad (R-MN) (9/4/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota State Representative Erik Paulsen to
Representative Jim Ramstad (R-NM) (9/6/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota State Representative Ken Wolf to U.S.
Representative Jim Ramstad (R-MN) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Mississippi House of Representatives to Carol Browner (4/
6/97) Legible signatures include: Tommy Woods (R), Herb Frierson
(D), J. P. Compretta (D), Alvin C. Endt (R), Mark Formby (R), Jim
Ellington (R), Boby Shows (D), Carmel Wells-Smith (R), Terry Brown
(R), Tom Camerson (R), Thomas E. Johnson (R), Tom King (R), Charlie
Williams (R), Valeria Robertson (R), Bill Miles (D), John L. Moore
(R), James C. Simpson, Jr. (R), Frank Hamilton (D), Bobby Moody
(D), James D. Green (R), Clinton Rotenberry (R), Joe Elizey (D),
Ted Foster (R), Tom Weathersby (R), George Flagg (D), Keith
Montgomery (R), Bobby Howell (D), Lee J. Davis (R), Ken Stribling
(R), John Read (D), Charles Smith (D), Earl Banks (D), David L.
Green (D), Mary H. Coleman (D), Gene Saucier (D), Eric Robinson
(R),Andrew Ketchings (R), Eloise H. Scott (R), Charles W. Capps,
Jr. (D), Bill Denny (R), Billy Bowles (D), David Gibbs (D),
Leornard Morris (D), Omeria Scott (D), Reta Holden (D), Joe Mitch
McElwain (D), Rita Martinson (R), Robert Vince (D), V.C. Manning
(D), Percy Maples (R), Joe Warren (D), Joey Hudson (D), Mary Anne
Stevens (D), Ray Rogers (R), Harvey Moss (D), Johnny Stringer (D)
<bullet> *Missouri State Senator Steven Ehlmann (Minority Floor
Leader) to President Clinton (5/27/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Senator Franc Flotron to President Clinton
(5/15/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Senator Sidney Johnson (Assistant Majority
Floor Leader) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Senator Bill Kenney to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Senator Peter Kinder to President Clinton
(6/2/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Senator William McKenna to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Senator Edward Quick (Majority Floor
Leader) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Representative Connie J. Cierpiot to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Representative Bonnie Sue Cooper to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Representative Bonnie Sue Cooper to U.S.
Representative Karen McCarthy (D-MO) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Representative Rita Days (Majority Whip) to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Representative Chuck Gross (R-MO) to Carol
Browner (2/24/97) *Missouri State Representative Jim Kreider
(Speaker Pro Tem) to President Clinton (5/9/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Representative David Levin (R-MO) (2/19/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Representative Fred Pouche to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Representative Carson Ross to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Missouri State Representative Delbert Scott (Minority
Floor Leader) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Ernie Adler to President Clinton (5/
30/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Ernie Adler to U.S. Representative
Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Bernice Matthews to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Bernice Matthews to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (no date)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Joe Neal to President Clinton (6/24/
97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Jack Regan to President Clinton (6/
23/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Dean A. Rhoads to U.S. Representative
Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Mike Schneider to President Clinton
(6/24/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Ray Shaffer to U.S. Representative
Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/18/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Ray Shaffer to President. Clinton (6/
23/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Senator Valerie Wiener to President Clinton
(6/2/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Mark Amodei to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Mark Amodei to President Clinton
(6/26/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Bernie Anderson to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywoman Bernie Anderson to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Morse Arberry, Jr. to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Doug Bache to President Clinton
(6/23/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywoman Barbara Buckley to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Vonne Chowning to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywoman Vonne Chowning to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Tom Collins to President Clinton
(6/5/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Tom Collins to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywoman Marcia de Braga to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywomen Marcia de Braga to President
Clinton (6/22/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywoman Vivian Freeman to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Representative Vivian Freeman to President
Clinton (6/26/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman David Goldwater to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Don Gustavson to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Don Gustavson to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Dario Herrera to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywoman Lynn Hettrick to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Lynn Hettrick to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywoman Ellen Koivisto to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywoman Saundra Krenzer to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman John Lee to President Clinton (6/
18/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Mark Manendo to President Clinton
(6/5/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman John Marvel to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/18/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman John Marvel to President Clinton
(6/24/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Harry Mortenson to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblywoman Genie Ohrenschall to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman David Parks to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *Nevada State Assemblyman Wendell Williams to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *New Jersey Speaker Pro Tem. Nicholas Felice (R-NJ) to Mary
Nichols (3/12/97)
<bullet> *New Jersey Assemblyman Guy Gregg (R-NJ) to Mary Nichols
(3/6/97)
<bullet> *New Mexico State Representative Donald L. Whitaker to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *New York State Senator Joseph Bruno (R-NY) (2/7/97)
<bullet> *New York State Senator Owen Johnson (R-NY) (2/11/97)
<bullet> *New York State Senator Owen Johnson (R-NY) to Carol
Browner (3/12/97)
<bullet> New York State Senator George Maziarz (R-NY) (5/21/96)
<bullet> *New York State Senator George Maziarz (R-NY) (2/4/97)
<bullet> *New York State Assemblyman Thomas Reynolds (R-NY) (1/30/
97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Senator Frank Ballance to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Senator Patrick J. Ballantine to
President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
U.S. Rep. Eva Clayton (D-NC) (4/17/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
U.S. Rep. Melvin Watt (D-NC) (4/17/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
U.S. Rep. Bill Hefner (D-NC) (4/17/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
U.S. Rep. Bob Etheridge (D-NC) (4/17/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
U.S. Rep. Mike McIntyre (D-NC) (4/17/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Senate Maj. Leader Richard Conder (D-NC) to
U.S. Rep. David Price (D-NC) (4/17/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Senator Charlie Dannelly to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Senator Luther Jordan to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Senator Howard Lee to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Senator Bob Martin (D-NC) (2/25/97)
<bullet> North Carolina State Senator Fountain Odom (D-NC) (5/10/96)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Senator Eric Reeves to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Senator Hugh Webster to President
Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Senator Allen H. Wellons to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Alma Adams (D-NC) to
President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Phil Baddour, Jr., to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Bobby H. Barbee, Sr.
to President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Daniel Blue to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Flossie Boyd-McIntyre
to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Robert Brawley to
President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> North Carolina Speaker of the House Harold Brubaker (R-NC)
(5/13/96)
<bullet> *North Carolina Speaker of the House Harold Brubaker to
President Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Beverly Burke to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative James Crawford to U.S.
Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) (10/8/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Billy Creech (R-NC)
(3/11/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina House Maj. Leader Leo Daughtry to President
Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina House Maj. Leader Leo Daughtry (R-NC) to
U.S. Rep. Richard Burr (R-NC) (5/1/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Rick Eddins to
President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Sam Ellis to President
Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Milton Fitch to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina House Finance Com. Chair Lyons Gray (R-NC)
to U.S. Rep. Richard Burr (R-NC) (4/30/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Thomas Hardaway to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Howard Hunter, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Larry Justus to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Theodore Kinney to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> North Carolina State Representative L.W. Locke (D-NC) (5/2/
96)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Mary McAllister to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative H. M. Michaels, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative H. M. Michaux to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative George Miller (D-NC)
(3/12/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Frank Mitchell (R-NC)
(3/11/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Amelia Morris (R-NC)
(3/12/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Charles Neely, Jr. (R-
NC) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative John Nichols (R-NC)
(2/6/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Warren Oldham to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative David Redwine to
President Clinton (/27/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Timothy Tallent (R-NC)
(3/12/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative John Weatherly (R-NC)
(3/12/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative William Weinwright to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Larry Womble to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Stephen Wray Wood to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina State Representative Thomas Wright to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from the members of the NC General Assembly
who represent the Charlotte-Mecklenburg, Gaston County and Lincoln
County areas (Sen. Fountain Odom (D), Sen. Robert Rucho (R), Sen.
Charlie Dannelly (R), Rep. Martha Alexander (R), Rep. Jim Black
(R), Rep. Pete Cunningham (R), Rep. W.W. Dickson (R), Rep. Beverly
Earle (R), Rep. Ruth Easterling (R), Rep. Jim Gulley (R), Rep. Ed
McMahan (R), Rep. John Rayfield (R), Rep. Drew Saunders (R), Rep.
Connie Wilson (R)) (3/17/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Randel Christmann to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Randel Christmann to U.S.
Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (no date)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Randel Christmann to U.S.
Senator Kent Conrad (D-ND) (no date)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Marv Mutzenberger to U.S.
Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Marv Mutzenberger to U.S.
Senator Kent Conrad (D-ND) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Pete Naadon to U.S.
Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Pete Naadon to U.S. Senator
Kent Conrad (D-ND) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Donna Nalewaja to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Donna Nalewaja to U.S.
Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator Donna Nalewaja to U.S. Senator
Kent Conrad (D-ND) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator David O'Connell to U.S. Senator
Kent Conrad (D-ND) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Senator David O'Connell to U.S.
Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Representative Merle Boucher to U.S.
Senator Kent Conrad (D-ND) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Representative Merle Boucher to U.S.
Representative Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Representative Thomas T. Brusegaard to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Representative John Dorso to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Representative Pete Nasden to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> Joint letter from Ohio Senate President (R-OH) and Speaker
of the House (R-OH) (7/23/96)
<bullet> *Ohio State Senator Robert Gardner (R-OH) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Ohio State Senator Robert Gardner (R-OH) to U.S.
Representative Steven LaTourette (R-OH) (2/7/97)
<bullet> *Ohio State Senator Merle Grace Kearns (R-OH) and state
Representative Marilyn J. Reid (R-OH) to U.S. Representative Dave
Hobson (R-OH) (1/7/97)
<bullet> *Ohio State Senator Scott Oelslager (R-OH) (12/2/96)
<bullet> *Ohio State Senator Scott Oelslager (R-OH) (no date)
<bullet> *Ohio State Senator Scott Oelslager (R-OH) to Newt Gingrich
and Trent Lott (12/12/96)
<bullet> *Ohio State Representative Randall Gardner, Majority Leader
(R-OH) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Ohio State Representative Joseph Sulzer (D-OH) to U.S.
Senator John Glenn (D-OH) (4/17/97)
<bullet> *Ohio State Representative Joe Sulzer to U.S.
Representative Tony Hall (D-OH) (8/8/97)
<bullet> *Ohio State Senator Gary Suhadolnik to President Clinton
(2/28/97)
<bullet> *Ohio State Representative Lynn Watchmann to U.S. Senator
Mike DeWine (R-OH) (8/8/97)
<bullet> *Oregon State Senator Gary George (R-OR) (3/5/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Senator Roy Afflerbach to Carol Browner
(3/10/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Senator Melissa Hart to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Senator Vincent Hughes to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Senator Allen Kukovich to U.S. Senator
Rick Santorum (R-PA) (6/26/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Senator Mary Jo White (R-PA) (1/23/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Senator Hardy Williams to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative Ellen Bard to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative Howard Fargo to Carol
Browner (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative Robert Godshall to
Michael McCabe, EPA Region 3 Administrator (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative Michael Horsey to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative George T. Kenney, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative John Myers President
Clinton (6/15/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative John M. Perzel to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative W. Curtis Thomas to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative Anthony H. Williams to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Representative Rosita C. Youngblood to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Rhode Island State Senator William Walaska (D-RI) (1/9/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Ralph Anderson to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Robert Ford (D-SC) to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Darrell Jackson to Vice
President Gore (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Darrell Jackson to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Darrell Jackson to U.S.
Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator John C. Land, III to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator James A. Lander to U.S.
Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator James Lander to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Phil Leventis to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Phil Leventis to U.S. Senator
Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Maggie Wallace Glover to Vice
President Gore (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Maggie Wallace Glover to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Dewitt Williams to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Senator Dewitt Williams to Vice
President Gore (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative John Graham Altman,
III to U.S. Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative George H. Bailey to
Vice President Al Gore, Jr. (6/19/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative George H. Bailey to
U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/29/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Liston D. Barfield to
U.S. Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Floyd Breeland (D-SC)
to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Floyd Breeland (D-SC)
to Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Theodore Brown to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Theodore Brown to Vice
President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Alma Byrd to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Alma Byrd to Vice
President Gore (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Marion Carnell to U.S.
Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/29/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Wilbur Cave to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Wilbur Cave to U.S.
Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (10/2/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Amos L. Gourdine to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Amos L. Gourdine to
Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Jerry Govan to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Jerry Govan to Vice
President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Jesse Hines (D-SC) to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Mack Hines to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Shirley R. Hinson to
U.S. Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Leon Howard to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Leon Howard to U.S.
Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/30/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Doug Jennings to
President Bill Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Kenneth Kennedy to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Kenneth Kennedy to
Vice President Gore (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Brenda Lee to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Brenda Lee to U.S.
Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/30/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Walter Lloyd (D-SC) to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Walter Lloyd (D-SC) to
Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Walter Lloyd to U.S.
Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/30/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative David Mack III to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Yancey McGill to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Willie McMahand to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Willie McMahand to
Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Bessie Moody-Lawrence
to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Bessie Moody-Lawrence
to Vice President Gore (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Anne Parks to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Anne Parks to Vice
President Gore (6/4/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Elsie Rast Stuart to
President Clinton (1/21/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Thomas Rhoad to U.S.
Senator Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (9/29/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Representative Mickey Whatley to U.S.
Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Senator Kenneth Albers to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Senator Jim Dunn to U.S. Senator Tim
Johnson (D-SD) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Senator Jim Dunn to U.S. Senator Tom
Daschle (D-SD) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Senator Jerry Shoener to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Senator Fred Whiting to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Senator Fred Whiting to U. S. Senator
Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/16/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Senator Fred Whiting to U.S. Senator
Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/16/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Michael Broderick, Jr.
to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Michael Broderick, Jr.
to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Mike Broderick, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Roger Brooks and State
Senator Jim Dunn to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Roger Brooks to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Roger Brooks to U. S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/8/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Roger Brooks to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/18/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Roland Chicoine to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Roland Chicoine to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Roland Chicoine to
President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Steve Cutler to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative J.P. Duniphan to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative J.P. Duniphan to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/15/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative J.P. Duniphan to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/15/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Deb Fischer-Clemens to
President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Gil Koetzle to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Gil Koetzle to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Gil Koetzle to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Bill Napoli to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Bill Napoli to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/18/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Bill Napoli to U.S. Tim
Johnson (D-SD) (9/18/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Craig Schaunaman to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Craig Schaunaman to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota State Representative Craig Schaunaman to
President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Lt. Governor/Speaker of the Senate John Wilder
(D-TN) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee State Senator Curtis Person to President Clinton
(6/2/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee State Senator JoAnn Graves to President Clinton
(5/26/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee State Representative Steve Godsey to President
Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee State Representative Matthew Kisber to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee State Representative Mike Williams (D-TN) to
Lynn Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Texas State Senator Royce West to President Clinton (6/13/
97)
<bullet> *Texas State Representative Terri Hodge to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Virginia State Senator Joseph Benedetti to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Virginia State Senator L. Louise Lucas to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Virginia State Senator Kenneth Stolle to President Clinton
(6/5/97)
<bullet> *Virginia State Senator Martin Williams to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate Watkins M. Abbitt, Jr. to President
Clinton (5/27/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate David Albo to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate Eric Cantor to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate Raymond Guest, Jr. to President Clinton
(6/4/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate Frank Hargrove, Sr. to President Clinton
(6/3/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate Robert McDonnell to President Clinton
(6/7/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate Jay O'Brien to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate John S. Reid to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate Frank Ruff to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate S. Vance Wilkins, Jr. to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Delegate John C. Watkins to President (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Washington State Senator Bill Finkbeiner to U.S.
Representative Rick White (R-WA) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Washington State Representative Bill Grant to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Washington State Representative Brian Hatfield to
President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Washington State Senator Michael Heavey to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Washington State Representative Lynn Kessler to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Washington State Representative Erik Poulsen to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Washington State Representative Dave Quall to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Leonard W. Anderson to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Edwin J. Bowman to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Robert L. Dittmar to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Walter Helmick to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Sarah Minear to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Michael Oliverio, II to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Roman Prezioso, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Mike Ross to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator (President Pro Tem) William
Sharpe, Jr. to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Vic Sprouse to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia State Senator Martha Y. Walker to President
Clinton (10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Tom Azinger to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Robert C. Beach to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Michael Caputo to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate David Collins (D-WV) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Jeff Davis to President Clinton (6/
10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Richard H. Everson to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Joe Farris to President Clinton (6/
12/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Steve Harrison to President Clinton
(6/18/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Larry Heck to President Clinton (6/
23/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Dick Henderson to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Evan Jenkins to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Margaret Miller to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Jody G. Smirl to President Clinton
(6/18/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Ron Thompson to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Scott G. Varner to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Barbara Warner to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Delegate Larry Williams to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter signed by 8 members of the West Virginia
Legislature to Carol Browner (3/11/97). Signatories are: Sen. Ed
Bowman (D), Sen. Andrew McKenzie (R), Del. Tamara Pettit (D), Del.
Jeff Davis (D), Del. Tim Ennis (D), Del. Roy Givens (D), Del. Tal
Hutchins (D), Del. Gil White (R).
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative John Dobyns to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Stephen Freese to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative John Gard to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Mark Green to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Scott Gunderson to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Dave Hutchison (R-WI) to
U.S. Senator Herb Kohl (D-WI) (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Scott Jensen to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Neal J. Kedzie to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Alan Lasee (R-WI) (2/18/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Frank Lasee to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Terry Musser to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Stephen L. Nass to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Luther Olsen to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Al Ott (R-WI) (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Clifford Otte to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Chuck Schafer to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Daniel P. Vrakas to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Scott Walker to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Senator Robert Welch to U.S.
Representative Mark Neumann (R-WI) (8/21/97). Copy of this letter
also went to all other members of the Wisconsin Congressional
Delegation.
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Robert Ziegelbauer to
President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin State Representative Robert K. Zukowski to
President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from 40 members of the Wisconsin State
Assembly to Carol Browner (3/12/97). Letter signed by: Rep. Frank
Lasee (R), Speaker Ben Brancel (R), Rep. Glenn Grothman (R), Rep.
Frank Urban (R), Rep. Scott Jensen (R), Rep. Gregg Underheim (R),
Speaker Pro Tempore Steve Freese (R), Rep. Luther Olsen (R), Rep.
David Brandemuehl (R), Maj. Leader Steve Foti (R), Rep. Carol Kelso
(R), Rep. Robert Goetsch (R), Rep. Mark Green (R), Rep. Tim Hoven
(R), Rep. Scott Gunderson (R), Rep. John Dobyns (R), Rep. John Gard
(R), Rep. Cloyd Porter (R), Asst. Maj. Leader Bonnie Ladwig (R),
Rep. Mary Lazich (R), Rep. Robert Zakowski (R), Rep. Dan Vrakas
(R), Rep. Bill Lorge (R), Rep. Cliff Otte (R), Rep. Neal Kedzie
(R), Rep. Steve Nass (R), Rep. Michael Lehman (D), Rep. Terry
Musser (R), Rep. Chuck Schafer (R), Rep. Eugene Hahn (R), Rep.
Lorraine Seratti (R), Sen. Gary Dizewiecki (R), Rep. Scott Walker
(R), Sen. Alan Lasee (R), Rep. DuWayne Johnsrud (R), Sen. Margaret
Farrow (R), Rep. Jim Kreuser (D), Sen. Carol Buettner (R), Rep.
Robert Ziegelbauer (D), Sen. Robert Welch (R)
<bullet> *Joint Letter from Wisconsin State Legislators to President
Clinton (6/6/97). The following people signed the letter: Senator
Gwendelynne Moore, Senator Kim Plache, Rep. James Kreuser, Senator
Richard Grobschmidt, Senator Robert Wirch, Senator Gary George, and
Representative James Kreuser.
__________
Letters/comments from mayors/county commissioners
<bullet> *Mayor Athens (AL) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Brent (no party-AL) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Chickasaw (AL) to President Clinton (5/14/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Clanton (AL) to President Clinton (4/22/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Clanton (AL) to U.S. Representative Bud Cramer
(D-AL) (4/22/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Dothan (AL) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Florence (no party-AL) to President Clinton (6/3/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Hanceville (AL) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to Sally Katzen, OMB (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to Kathleen McGinty, Council on
Environmental Quality (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Senator Jeff Sessions
(R-AL) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Senator Richard Shelby
(R-AL) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Robert
Aderholt (R-AL) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Robert
Cramer (D-AL) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Spencer
Bachus (R-AL) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Earl
Hillard (D-AL) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Sonny
Callahan (R-AL) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Terry
Everett (R-AL) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rainbow City (AL) to U.S. Representative Bob
Riley (R-AL) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Stevenson (AL) to AL Governor Fob James (5/15/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County, AL Commissioner Chris McNair to
President Clinton (5/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas Commissioner of Roads and Transportation, Gary
White to President Clinton (5/22/97)
<bullet> *President, Birmingham, Alabama City Council to President
Clinton (4/21/97)
<bullet> *President, Birmingham, Alabama City Council to U.S.
Representative Bud Cramer (D-AL) (4/21/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fredonia (AZ) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Williams (AZ) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Winslow (AZ) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor of Phoenix to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Arizona Corporation Commission (AZ) Commissioner Jim Irvin
to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Navajo County Board of Supervisors (AZ) (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Maricopa County (AZ) Board of Supervisors Vice Chair,
Betsey Bayless to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Maricopa County (AZ) Supervisor Janice K. Brewer to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Maricopa County (AZ) Supervisor Fulton Brock to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Maricopa County (AZ) Board of Supervisors Chairman, Don
Stapley to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mohave County (AZ) Supervisor Carol S. Anderson to
President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Mohave County (AZ) Supervisor Jim Zatorsky to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Alexander (AR) to U.S. Representative Vic Snyder
(D-AR) (10/1/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Alexander (AR) to U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers (D-
AR) (10/1/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Alexander (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Austin (AR) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Beebe (AR) to President Clinton (6/27/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Benton (AR) to U.S. Representative Vic Snyder (D-
AR) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Benton (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bentonville (AR) to Presidents Clinton (6/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bradley (AR) to President Clinton (6/27/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bull Shoals (AR) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Cabot (AR) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Damascus (AR) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Damascus (AR) to U.S. Representative Vic Snyder
(D-AR) (9/23/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Damascus (AR) to U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR)
(9/23/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Des Arc (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of DeWitt (AR) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Earle (AR) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Earle (AR) to U.S. Senator Bumpers (D-AR) (6/17/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Earle (AR) to U.S. Senator Hutchinson (R-AR) (6/
17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Earle (AR) to White House Personnel Director Bob
Nash (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Evening Shade (AR) to President Clinton (6/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Forrest City (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fouke (AR) to President Clinton (6/27/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Gillett (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Gosnell (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Green Forest (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Hamburg (AR) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Hope (AR) to U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR)
(10/9/97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor of Hope (AR) to U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers (D-
AR) (10/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Horseshoe Bend (AR) to President Clinton (6/30/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Horseshoe Lake (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Jacksonville (AR) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Jericho (AR) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Keo (AR) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Little Rock (AR) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lonoke (AR) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Portland (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Sherwood (AR) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Stuttgart (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Turrel (AR) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Ward (AR) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of the West Memphis (no party-AR) (2/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of West Memphis (no party-AR) to Lynn Cutler, Office
of Intergovernmental Affairs (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Wrightsville (AR) to President Clinton (4/28/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Alhambra (CA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Anaheim (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Apple Valley (CA) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bakersfield (CA) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bell (CA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Cathedral City (CA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Ceres (CA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor of Citrus Heights (CA) to President Clinton (6/
23/97)
<bullet> *Former Mayor of Costa Mesa (CA) to President Clinton (6/2/
97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor of Desert Hot Springs (CA) to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Desert Hot Springs (CA) to President Clinton (6/
17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Dorris (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of El Monte (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of El Paso de Robles (CA) to President Clinton (6/
17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fortuna (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Gardena (CA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Garden Grove (CA) to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Glendale (CA) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Grover Beach (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Highland (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Huntington Park (CA) to President Clinton (6/6/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Huntington Park (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Imperial Beach (CA) to Carol Browner (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Indian Wells (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Irvine (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Irwindale (CA) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of La Canada (CA) to U.S. Representative James Rogan
(R-CA) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Laguna Beach (CA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lancaster (CA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lancaster (CA) to U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein
(D-CA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Loma Linda (CA) to President Clinton (6/
14/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lomita (CA) to President Clinton (5/23/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Lompoc (CA) to President Clinton (6/18/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lynwood (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Merced (CA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Mission Viejo (CA) to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Mission Viejo (CA) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor of Modesto City (CA) to President Clinton (6/
17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Modesto (CA) to President Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Monrovia (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Norwalk (CA) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Norwalk (CA) to U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-
CA) (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Oceanside (CA) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Pasadena (CA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Pico Rivera (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Placentia (CA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Redondo Beach (CA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rosemead (CA) to President Clinton (5/21/97)
<bullet> *Deputy Mayor of San Diego (CA) to President Clinton (6/20/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of San Juan Capistrano (CA) to President Clinton (6/
4/97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor of Saratoga (CA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor of Saratoga (CA) to U.S. Representative Tom
Campbell (R-CA) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of South Gate (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Stanton (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Stanton (CA) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Stockton (no party-CA) to the Region 9 EPA
Administrator (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Taft (CA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Vacaville (CA) to U.S. Representative Vic Fazio
(D-CA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Vacaville (CA) to U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein
(D-CA) (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Vacaville (CA) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Vernon (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Westminster (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Westminster (CA) to U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein
(D-CA) (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of West Sacramento (CA) to President Clinton (6/9/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Yuba City (CA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem Carolyn Ratto of (unidentified city) (CA) to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Butte County (CA) Supervisor Curt Josiassen to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Butte County (CA) Supervisor Curt Josiassen to U.S.
Representative Vic Fazio (D-CA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *El Dorado County (CA) Supervisor Ray Nutting to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Glenn County (CA) Supervisor Keith Hansen to President
Clinton (5/22/97)
<bullet> *Glenn County (CA) Board of Supervisors to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Imperial County (CA) Board of Supervisors to EPA (2/11/97)
<bullet> *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Bill Cole to U.S. EPA (2/
11/97)
<bullet> *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Dean Shores to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Dean Shores to U.S.
Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Dean Shores to U.S.
Senator Barbara Boxer (D-CA) (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Imperial County (CA) Supervisor Dean Shores to U.S.
Representative Duncan Hunter (R-CA) (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Irvine (CA) Transportation Commission Chair Alan Snodgrass
to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Los Angeles County (CA) Supervisor Michael D. Antonovich
to U.S. Representative James Rogan (R-CA) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Los Angeles (CA) Supervisor Michael D. Antonovich to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Long Beach (CA) Commissioner Carmen Perez (Vice President)
to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mariposa County (CA) Supervisor Doug Balmain to President
Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Madoc County (CA) Supervisor Ben Zandstra to Carol Browner
(2/18/97)
<bullet> *Madoc County (CA) Supervisor Ben Zandstra to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Merced County (CA) Supervisor, Gloria Cortez Keene to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Mono County (CA) Supervisor Edward J. Inwood to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Nevada County (CA) Board of Supervisors to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Nevada County (CA) Board of Supervisors to Felicia Marcus,
U.S. EPA Region 9 Administrator (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Supervisor Charles Smith to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Supervisor Todd Spitzer to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Supervisor Thomas Wilson to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Placer County (CA) Supervisor Robert Weygandt to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Placer County (CA) Supervisor James T. Williams to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Plumas County (CA) Board of Supervisors to U.S. Senator
Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Plumas County (CA) Board of Supervisors to U.S. Senator
Barbara Boxer (D-CA) (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Plumas County (CA) Supervisor William Coates to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Plumas County (CA) Supervisor William N. Dennison to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Sacramento County (CA) Supervisor David Cox to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Sacramento County (CA) Supervisor Muriel P. Johnson to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *San Diego County (CA) Board of Supervisors to U.S.
Representative Tom Bliley (R-VA) (4/15/97)
<bullet> *San Diego County (CA) Supervisor Greg Cox to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *San Diego County (CA) Board of Supervisors Chairman Bill
Horn to U.S. Representative Brian Bilbray (R-CA) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *San Diego (CA) County Supervisor Dianne Jacob to U.S.
Representative Brian Bilbray (R-CA) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *San Diego County (CA) Supervisor Ron Roberts to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *San Luis Obispo County (CA) Supervisor Harry L. Ovitt to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *San Luis Obispo (CA) County Supervisor Michael P. Mike
Ryan President (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Santa Clara (CA) Supervisor Pete Mchugh to U.S.
Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA) (9/1/97)
<bullet> *Santa Cruz County (CA) Supervisor Ray Belgard to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Shasta County (CA) Board of Supervisors to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Shasta County (CA) Supervisor Patricia A. Clarke to
President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Sutter County (CA) Board of Supervisors (2/18/97)
<bullet> *Sutter County (CA) Board of Supervisors to U.S.
Representative Vic Fazio (D-CA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Sutter County (CA) Supervisor Dick Akin to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> Mayor of Denver (D-CO) (no date)
<bullet> *Archuleta County (CO) Commissioners (1/22/97)
<bullet> *Douglas County (CO) Commissioner Robert Christensen to
Governor Roy Romer (D) (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of New Haven (CT) to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Dover (no party-DE) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Boca Raton (no party-FL) to Carol Browner (1/23/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Flordia City (FL) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Opa-Locka (FL) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor Opa-Locka (FL) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor of Orange Park (FL) to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Orlando (no party-FL) to President Clinton/Lynn
Cutler (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of South Bay (D-FL) (second VP, National League of
Cities) to Vice President Gore (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Bradford County (FL) Commissioner Herman Johnson to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Broward County (FL) Commissioner Sylvia Poitier to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Dade County (FL) Commissioner James C. Burke to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Dade County (FL) Commissioner Barbara Carey to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Dade County (FL) Commissioner Natacha Seijas Millan to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Dade County (FL) Commissioner Dennis C. Moss to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (FL) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Opa-Locka County (FL) Commissioner Mary E. Allen to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Opa-Locka (FL) Commissioner Timothy Holmes to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Opa-Locka County (FL) Commissioner Myra Taylor to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (FL) Commissioner Mable Butler to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (FL) Commissioner Bob Freeman to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (FL) Commissioner Clarence M. Hoenstine to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Pinellas County (FL) Commissioner Calvin D. Harris to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Santa Rosa County (FL) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (5/23/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Augusta (no party-GA) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Decatur (GA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Doerun (no party-GA) to President Clinton (6/3/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lafayette (R-GA) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Albany (GA) Commissioner, Arthur Williams (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Albany (GA) Commissioner J.B. Howard to President Clinton
(6/7/97)
<bullet> *Former Albany (GA) Commissioner Kenderson Hill to
President Clinton (6/6/97). Also owner of W.H. & Sons Cleaners.
<bullet> *Catoosa County (GA) Board of Commissioners to members of
the Georgia Congressional Delegation (5/15/97)
<bullet> *Cobb County (GA) Board of Commissioners (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Dekalb County (GA) Commissioner William Brown to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *DeKalb County (GA) Commissioner Porter Sanford III to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Dougherty County (GA) Commissioner George Brown to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Fulton County (GA) Board of Commissioners (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Fulton County (GA) former Commissioner Milton Farris to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Bob Fulton to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Mitch Skandalakis to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Michael Hightower to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Michael Hightower to U.S.
Senator Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Tom Lowe to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Fulton County (GA) Commissioner Tom Lowe to U.S. Senator
Max Cleland (D-GA) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Paulding County (GA) Board of Commissioners (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Coeur D'Alene (no party-ID) to EPA (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of the City of Salmon (R-ID) to U.S. Senators Larry
Craig (R-ID), Dirk Kenpthorne (R-ID), and U.S. Representative Mike
Crapo (R-ID) (1/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Nampa (ID) and city civil engineer Case Houson to
President Clinton (5/21/97)
<bullet> *Clark County Board of County Commissioners (ID) (1/13/97)
<bullet> *City of Chicago (IL) comments (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Belvidere (IL) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Chicago (IL) to President Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Dolton (IL) to U.S. Senator Richard J. Durbin (D-
IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Dolton (IL) to U.S. Senator Carol Moseley-Braun
(D-IL) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Granite City (D-IL) to Carol Browner (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Peoria (IL) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Taylorville (IL) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Belvidere Township (IL) Supervisor Robert L. Turner to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Cook County (IL) Commissioner John Stroger, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Cook County (IL) Commissioner Roberto Maldonado to
President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Cook County (IL) Commissioner Darlena Williams-Burnett to
President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Hidalgo County (IL) Commissioner Sylvia Handy to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Peoria County (IL) Commissioner Gary Stella to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Peoria County (IL) Commissioner Gary Stella to Carol
Browner (6/10/97)
<bullet> Mayor of Evansville (D-IN) to EPA (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Goshen (D-IN) to President Clinton (12/12/96)
<bullet> Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) to Carol Browner (5/14/96)
<bullet> Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) to Sally Katzen, OMB (5/14/96)
<bullet> Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) to Laura D'Andrea Tyson,
Assistant to the President for Economic Policy (5/14/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Indianapolis (R-IN) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/2/97)
<bullet> Mayor of Mt. Vernon (D-IN) to Sally Katzen, OMB (4/19/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of New Albany (IN) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> Mayor of South Bend (D-IN) to Carol Browner (4/22/96)
<bullet> Mayor of South Bend (D-IN) to Sally Katzen, OMB (4/22/96)
<bullet> Mayor of South Bend (D-IN) to Laura D'Andrea Tyson,
Assistant to the President for Economic Policy (4/22/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of South Bend, (D-IN) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fort Wayne (R-IN) (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Jeffersonville (D-IN) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
<bullet> Mayor of Rensselaer (R-IN) to the Indiana Association of
Cities and Towns (4/18/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rensselaer (R-IN) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rensselaer (R-IN) to U.S. Representative Steve
Buyer (R-IN) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Terre Haute (D-IN) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Hobart (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
Visclosky (D-IN) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Charlestown (IN) to U.S. Representative Lee
Hamilton (D-IN) (8/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Hammond (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
Visclosky (D-IN) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lake Station (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
Visclosky (D-IN) (8/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Valparaiso (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
Visclosky (D-IN) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Whiting (IN) to U.S. Representative Peter
Visclosky (D-IN) (9/2/97)
<bullet> Indiana Association of Cities and Towns to the Mayor of
Lebanon, Indiana (4/15/96)
<bullet> *14 Indiana Mayors signed testimony of Indiana Association
of Cities and Towns for Chicago Jan. 15 NAAQS hearing--Mayors of
Anderson (D), Auburn (R), Bluffton (D), Elkhart (D), Evansville
(D), Goshen (D), Greenfield (R), Greenwood (R), Huntington (D),
Martinsville (R), Mishawaka (R), Mt. Vernon (D), Noblesville (R),
Rensselaer (R)
<bullet> *Letter to Lynn Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental
Affairs, signed by 14 Indiana mayors (5/29/97). Signatories are:
Mayors of Anderson (D), Auburn (R), Bluffton (D), Elkhart (D),
Evansville (D), Goshen (D), Greenfield (R), Greenwood (R),
Huntington (D), Martinsville (R), Mishawaka (R), Mt. Vernon (D),
Noblesville (R), Rensselaer (R)
<bullet> *Letter to Sally Katzen, Office of Management and Budget,
signed by 14 Indiana mayors (5/29/97). Signatories are: Mayors of
Anderson (D), Auburn (R), Bluffton (D), Elkhart (D), Evansville
(D), Goshen (D), Greenfield (R), Greenwood (R), Huntington (D),
Martinsville (R), Mishawaka (R), Mt. Vernon (D), Noblesville (R),
Rensselaer (R) Martinsville (R), Mishawaka (R), Mt. Vernon (D),
Noblesville (R), Rensselaer (R).
<bullet> *Hendricks County (IN) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Boone County (IN) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *LaPorte County (IN) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Iowa Falls (IA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Dallas Center (IA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Manchester (IA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Mt. Pleasant (IA) to U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (D-
IA) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Mt. Pleasant (IA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Waterloo (IA) John R. Rooff to President Clinton
(6/11/97)
<bullet> *Cerro Gordo County (IA) Board of Supervisors to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Cerro Gordo County (IA) Board of Supervisors to President
Clinton (6/26/97)
<bullet> *Hamilton County (IA) Board of Supervisors to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Sac County (IA) Supervisor Rebecca Hillmer to Carol
Browner (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Iowa League of Cities to Mayor of Muscatine, IA, Dick
O'Brien. Same letter went to 29 other Iowa mayors (8/12/97).
<bullet> *Mayor of Prairie Village (KS) to President Clinton (6/12/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Wichita (R-KS) to EPA (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Florence (D-KY) (1/13/97)
<bullet> Mayor of Louisa (R-KY) to Carol Browner (5/3/96)
<bullet> Mayor of Louisa (R-KY) to Sally Katzen, OMB (5/3/96)
<bullet> Mayor of Louisa (R-KY) to Laura D'Andrea Tyson, Assistant
to the President for Economic Policy (5/3/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Russell (D-KY) to Carol Browner (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) President Tim Coulon to U.S. EPA (2/
3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lake Charles (D-LA) (2/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of New Orleans (LA) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of New Orleans (LA) to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA)
(6/25/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of New Orleans (LA) to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA)
(6/25/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Portland (ME) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Oxford County (ME) Commissioner Steven Merrill to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Cecil County (MD) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Allen Park (MI) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bay City (MI) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Burton (MI) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Dearborn Heights, D-MI to Carol Browner (3/7/97)
<bullet> Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) (11/7/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) to U.S. Senator Spencer Abraham
(R-MI) (5/2/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) to U.S. Representative Maxine
Waters (D-CA), Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) to Erskine Bowles, White House
Chief of Staff (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Detroit (D-MI) to Gene Sperling, Assistant to the
President and Director of the National Economic Council (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fenton (MI) to President Clinton (6/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Grand Rapids (MI) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Linden (MI) to U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/
4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rochester Hills (MI) to President Clinton (6/4/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rochester Hills (MI) to U.S. Senator Carl Levin
(D-MI) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rochester Hills (MI) to U.S. Senator Spencer
Abraham (R-MI) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rochester Hills (MI) to U.S. Representative Dale
Kildee (D-MI)
<bullet> *Argentine Township (MI) Supervisor Robert W. Cole to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Argentine Township (MI) Supervisor Robert W. Cole to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Argentine Township (MI) Supervisor Robert W. Cole to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Benzie County (MI) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Berrien County (MI) Commissioner R.J. Burkholz to
President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Calumet Township (MI) Supervisor Paul A. Lehto to U. S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Calumet Township (MI) Supervisor Paul A. Lehto to U.S.
Representative Bart Stupak (D-MI) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Clay Township (MI) Supervisor Jon E. Manos to EPA (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Fenton Township (MI) Supervisor Carl Gabrielson to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Fenton Township (MI) Supervisor Carl Gabrielson to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Flint Township (MI) Supervisor Sally Shaheen Joseph, J.D.
to U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Flint Township (MI) Supervisor Sally Shaheen Joseph, J.D.
to U.S. Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Flint Township (MI) Supervisor Sally Shaheen Joseph to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner Floyd Clack to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner Raynetta Speed to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner John J. Gleason to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner John J. Gleason to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner John J. Gleason to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner Ken Hardin to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Commissioner Ken Hardin to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Drain Commissioner Anthony Ragnone to
President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Kalamazoo County (MI) Commissioner Judy Todd Johnson to
President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Kalamazoo County (MI) Commissioner Charlotte Sumney to
U.S. Representative Peter Hoekstra (R-MI) (7/3/97)
<bullet> *Kalamazoo County (MI) Commissioner Raymond Wilson to
President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Macomb County (MI) Commissioner Diana Kolakowski to U.S.
Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Macomb County (MI) Commissioner Diana Kolakowski to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Macomb County (MI) Commissioner Michael Sessa to Carol
Browner (1/27/97)
<bullet> *Macomb Township (MI) Supervisor John D. Brennan to
Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Macomb Township (MI) Supervisor John D. Brennan to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Mundy Township (MI) Supervisor Donald G. Halka to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Mundy Township (MI) Supervisor Donald G. Halka to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Muskegon County (MI) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Ottawa County (MI) Commissioner Robert J. Rinck to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Ottawa County (MI) Commissioner Roger Rycenga to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Wayne County (MI) Commissioner George Cushingberry to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Wayne County (MI) Commissioner Ricardo A. Solomon to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of St. Paul (R-MN) to U.S. Representative David
Minge (D-MN) (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Hennepin County (MN) Commissioner Mark J. Stenglein to
U.S. Representative Jim Ramstad (R-MN) (9/3/97)
<bullet> Mayor of Kansas City (D-MO) (9/18/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Kansas City (D-MO) to President Clinton (6/1/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Kansas City (D-MO) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Saint Charles (no party-MO) to Carol Browner (2/
11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of St. Joseph (D-MO) (2/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of St. Joseph (MO) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/9/97)
<bullet> Mayor of St. Louis (D-MO) (10/16/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of St. Louis (MO) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Clinton County (MO) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Lincoln County (MT) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Lincoln County (MT) Board of Commissioners, Lincoln County
Health Officer, Lincoln County Environmental Health Department to
Carol Browner (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Lincoln County (MT) Board of Commissioners to U.S. Senator
Max Baucus (D-MT) (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Fergus County Board of Commissioners (MT) (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Columbus (D-NE) (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Gering (NE) to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE) (9/
8/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Grand Island (D-NE) (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Hastings (D-NE) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Imperial (NE) to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE)
(9/8/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Kimball (NE) to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE)
(9/8/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lincoln (R-NE) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Nebraska City (NE) to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-
NE) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Omaha (R-NE) to President Clinton (5/22/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Ponca (NE) to U. S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE) (9/
2/97)
<bullet> *Dawson County (NE) Board of Commissioners to Carol Browner
(3/2/97)
<bullet> *Dawson County (NE) Commissioner Rodney Aden to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Boulder City (NV) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Henderson (NV) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of North Las Vegas (NV) to President Clinton (6/17/
97)
<bullet> *Clark County (NV) Commissioner Erin Kenny to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Holland (NJ) to President Clinton (5/27/97)
<bullet> *Clark County (NV) Commissioner Myrna Williams to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Hobbs (NM) City Commissioner Joseph Calderon to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Hobbs (NM) County Commissioner Patricia Jones to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Hobbs (NM) City Commissioner Jim Murphy to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Hobbs (NM) Commissioner Jimmy Woodfin to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *Lea County (NM) Commissioner Zeak Williams, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Santa Fe (NM) Commissioner Jerome D. Block to President
Clinton (6/11/97) *Socorro County (NM) Commissioner Benny Barreras
to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Valencia County (NM) Commissioner Salomon Montano to
President Clinton (6/8/97)
<bullet> *New York State Conference of Mayors and Municipal
Officials to New York State mayors in projected nonattainment
counties.
<bullet> *Mayor of Kaser (NY) to President Clinton (5/31/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lake Grove (NY) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Haverstraw (NY) Supervisor Phillip Rotella to President
Clinton (6/27/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from the mayors of the five largest cities in
North Carolina to U.S. Representative Richard Burr (R-NC) (North
Carolina League of Municipalities' letter). Letter signed by mayors
of Charlotte (R), Durham (D), Greensboro (D), Raleigh (R), and
Winston-Salem (D) (4/30/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina League of Municipalities to NC state
Representative Lyons Gray (5/7/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Alexander Hills (NC) to President Clinton (6/12/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Apex (R-NC) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bolton (D-NC) to EPA (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Cary (NC) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Cary (NC) U.S. Representative David Price (D-NC)
(9/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Clayton (NC) Jody McCleod to U.S.
Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Clayton (NC) to U.S. Representative Bob Etheridge
(D-NC) (8/2/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Garner (D-NC) to EPA (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Greensboro (D-NC) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Henderson (D-NC) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Temp of Hickory (R-NC) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Holly Springs (D-NC) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Roxboro (D-NC) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Smithfield (NC) to U.S. Representative Bobby
Etheridge (D-NC) (9/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Wilmington (NC) to U.S. Representative Eva
Clayton (D-NC) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Association of County Commissioners to NC
Governor Jim Hunt (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Almance County (NC) Commissioner W. B. Teague, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Caldwell (NC) Board of Commissioners to U.S. Senator Jesse
Helms (R-NC) (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Caldwell (NC) Board of Commissioners to U.S.
Representative T. Cass Ballenger (R-NC) (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Caldwell (NC) County Commissioners to U.S. Representative
Richard Burr (R-NC) (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Caldwell (NC) County Commissioners to U.S. Senator Lauch
Faircloth (R-NC) (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Camden County (NC) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Chatham County (NC) Commissioner to President Clinton (6/
13/97)
<bullet> *Guilford County (NC) Commissioner Warren Dorsell to
President Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Holly Springs (NC) Commissioner George Kimble (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Holly Springs (NC) Commissioner Kenneth Martin (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Holly Springs (NC) Commissioner Edison Perkins (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Holly Springs (NC) Commissioner Parrish Womble to EPA (3/
10/97)
<bullet> *Martin County (NC) County Commissioner W. David Cannon to
U.S. Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) (9/16/97)
<bullet> *Mecklenburg County (NC) Board of Commissioners to Carol
Browner (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Wake County (NC) Commissioner Leslie Merrit to U.S.
Representative David Price (D-NC) (9/29/97)
<bullet> *Wake County (NC) Commissioner Betty Lou Ward (also First
Vice President of the National Assoc. of County Officials) to
President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota Public Service Commissioner Bruce Hagen to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Brook Park (D-OH) (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Canton (R-OH) to President Clinton (5/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fairview Park (OH) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Chillicothe (OH) to U.S. Representative Tony Hall
(D-OH) (8/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fremont (OH) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Gibsonburg (OH) to EPA (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lima (D-OH) to President Clinton (6/7/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lima (OH) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lorain (D-OH) to President Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Mansfield (D-OH) (5/29/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Maumee (D-OH) (1/2/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Northwood (no party-OH) (12/30/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of the Village of Perry (no party-OH) (2/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Shelby (D-OH) (2/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor City of Solon (OH) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Toledo (D-OH) (12/27/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Toledo (D-OH) to Vice President Gore (12/20/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Willowick (D-OH) (2/26/97)
<bullet> *County Commissioners Association of Ohio to Carol Browner
(3/10/97)
<bullet> *Guernsey County Commissioners (OH) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Mahoning County, OH Commissioner David Engler to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Office of Commissioners of Miami County (OH) to U.S.
Senator Michael DeWine (R-OH) (3/6/97). This letter went to other
members of the Ohio Congressional Delegation as well.
<bullet> *Miami County (OH) Commissioners Richard Adams, Arthur
Haddad, and Ann Baird to President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *Montgomery County (OH) Commissioner Don Lucas to Carol
Browner (1/8/97)
<bullet> *Montgomery County (OH) Commissioner Don Lucas to U.S.
Representative John Boehner (R-OH) (1/7/97)
<bullet> *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) to Ohio State
Senator Karen Gillmor (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) to Ohio State
Representative Rex Damschroder (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) to U.S.
Senator Michael DeWine (R-OH) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Sandusky County Board of Commissioners (OH) to U.S.
Senator John Glenn (D-OH) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Stark County Commissioners, OH to Ohio EPA (1/7/97)
<bullet> *Wood County (OH) Board of Commissioners to Carol Browner
(12/31/96)
<bullet> *Trumbull County (OH) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Ada (OK) to EPA (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lawton (D-OK) to Carol Browner (2/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Oklahoma City (R-OK) to Carol Browner (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Tulsa (OK) to Carol Browner (1/6/97)
<bullet> *Curry County Board of Commissioners (OR) (1/21/97)
<bullet> *Deschutes County (OR) Board of Commissioners to Carol
Browner (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of the Borough of Glassport (D-PA) to Carol Browner
(1/29/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Media (PA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Murrysville (PA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> Mayor of Philadelphia (D-PA) (10/16/96)
<bullet> *Allegheny County (PA) Commissioners Bob Cranmer, Larry
Dunn, and Mike Dawida to EPA (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Butler County (PA) Board of Commissioners Chari (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Butler County (PA) Board of Commissioners, James Kennedy,
Chairman to U.S. Senator Rick Santorum (R-PA) (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Lawrence County (PA) Commissioner Thomas J. Fee to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Westmoreland County (PA) Commissioner Tom Balya to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Cranston (RI) Michael A. Traficant to U.S.
Senator John H. Chafee (R-RI) (9/12/97)
<bullet> RI League of Cities and Towns (5/16/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bishopville (SC) to U.S. Senator Ernest F.
Hollings (D-SC) (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bishopville (SC) to Vice President Gore (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Cayce (SC) to U. S. Senator Ernest F. Hollings
(D-SC) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Columbia (D-SC) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Columbia (D-SC) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Columbia (D-SC) to Kathleen McGinty, Council on
Environmental Quality (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Columbia (D-SC) to U. S. Senator Ernest F.
Hollings (D-SC) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Darlington (SC) to U.S. Senator Ernest F.
Hollings (D-SC) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Darlington (SC) to Kathleen McGinty (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lancaster (SC) to Vice President Gore (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Marion (SC) to Vice President Gore (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rock Hill (D-SC) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Spartanburg (no party-SC) (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Spartanburg (SC) to Vice President Al Gore (6/12/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Winnsboro (SC) to U.S. Senator Ernest F. Hollings
(D-SC) (8/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Winnsboro (SC) to Vice President Gore (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from 5 South Carolina mayors (Municipal
Association of South Carolina) to U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings (D-
SC). The mayors of Columbia (D), Rock Hill (D), Florence (D)
Spartanburg (No party), and Greenville (R) signed the letter (5/15/
97).
<bullet> *Mayor of Canton (SD) to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD)
(8/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Canton (SD) to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD)
(8/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Canton (SD) to President Clinton (6/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fort Mill (SC) to U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings
(D-SC) (10/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Hartford (SD) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lennox (SD) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lennox (SD) to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD)
(8/27/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lennox (SD) to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD)
(8/27/97)
<bullet> *Mayor's Office City of Mitchell (SD) to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of North Sioux City (SD) to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Rapid City (R-SD) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota Association of Counties (3/11/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota Commissioner of School & Public Lands, Curt
Johnson to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota Association of County Commissioners to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota Association of County Commissioner to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *Canton (SD) Commissioner Marie Beitzel to U.S. Senator Tom
Daschle (D-SD) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Canton (SD) Commissioner Marie Beitzel to U.S. Senator Tim
Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Canton (SD) Commissioner Marie Beitzel to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Canton (SD) Commissioner Robert Bogue to U.S. Senator Tim
Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Canton (SD) Commissioner Robert Bogue to U.S. Senator Tom
Daschle (D-SD) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Canton (SD) City Commissioner Robert Bogue to President
Clinton (6/26/97)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Commissioner to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson
(D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Commissioner to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle
(D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Commissioner to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Commissioner Todd Christensen to U.S.
Representative Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Commissioner Todd Christensen to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Commissioner Todd Christensen to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Minnehaha County (SD) Commissioner to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Delores Coffing to
U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Delores Coffing to
U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Delores Coffing to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Gale Holbrook to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Mark Kirkeby to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Mark Kirkeby to U. S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Pennington County (SD) Commissioner Mark Kirkeby to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Pierre (SD) Commissioner of School and Public Lands Curt
Johnson to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Pierre (SD) Commissioner of School and Public Lands Curt
Johnson to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Municipal League (signed by the President and
Mayor of Knoxville (R-TN)) to Carol Browner (2/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Germantown (no party-TN) to Carol Browner (2/7/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Germantown (TN) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Knoxville (R-TN) to Carol Browner (12/3/96)
<bullet> *Mayor of Memphis (TN) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Vice Mayor of Nashville (TN) to Carol Browner (2/4/97)
<bullet> *Shelby County, TN Commissioner Buckner Wellford (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Alamo (TX) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Alamo (TX) to U.S. Representative Ruben Hinojosa
(D-TX) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Beaumont (TX) David W. Moore to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Carrizo Springs (TX) to U.S. Representative Ruben
Hinojosa (D-TX) (8/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Carrizo Springs (TX) to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Copperas Cove (TX) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Copperas Cove (TX) to Vice President Gore (6/4/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Copperas Cove (TX) to U.S. Representative Chet
Edwards (D-TX) (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Cotulla City (TX) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Dallas (no party-TX) to President Clinton (6/5/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Denton (TX) to President Clinton (6/18/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Denton (TX) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Eagle Pass (TX) to U.S. Representative Ruben
Hinojosa (D-TX) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Eagle Pass (TX) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Edinburg (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Floresville (TX) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fort Worth (TX) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Gainesville (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Gainesville (TX) to President Clinton (6/
17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Groves (TX) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of La Joya (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of La Villa (TX) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Longview (no party-TX) to Sane Saginaw, EPA
Region VI Administrator (1/30/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Marshall (TX) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of McAllen (TX) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of McGregor (TX) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of McGregor (TX) to Vice President Gore (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Mercedes (TX) to President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Missouri City (TX) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Mountain City (TX) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Oglesby (TX) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Oglesby (TX) to Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Oglesby (TX) to U.S. Representative Chet Edwards
(D-TX) (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor of Pearsall (TX) to U.S. Representative Ciro
Rodriguez (D-TX) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Pearsall (TX) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Pearsall (TX) Rudy Rodriguez to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Plano (R-TX) (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Port Arthur (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of San Antonio (no party-TX) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Sanger (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor Pro Tem of Sanger (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/
97)
<bullet> *Mayor of San Juan (TX) Roberto F. Loredo to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Texas City (D-TX) (2/17/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Tyler (TX) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Bexar County Commissioners Court (TX) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Comal County (TX) Commissioner Moe Schwab to President
Clinton (5/27/97)
<bullet> *Comal County (TX) Commissioner Cristina Zamora to
President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Cooke County (TX) Commissioner Virgil J. Hess to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Dallas County (TX) Commissioner John Wiley Price to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Dimmit County (TX) Commissioner Oscar Alvardo to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Gregg County (TX) Commissioner Charles Davis to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Harrison County (TX) Commissioner Charles. Bennett to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Commissioner Mark L. Domingue to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Commissioner Waymon D. Hallmark to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Lampasas (TX) Commissioner Tommy Harkey to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *La Salle County (TX) Commissioner Roberto Aldaco to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Marshall (TX) Commissioner Martha Robb to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Marshall (TX) Commissioner A. Williams to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Nueces (TX) County Commissioner Oscar Ortiz to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Pecos County (TX) Commissioner to President Clinton (6/6/
97)
<bullet> *Pharr (TX) Commissioner Lalo Arcaute to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Pleasure Island (TX) Commissioner Phil Hallmark to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Pleasure Island (TX) Commissioner Wade Walters to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *San Patricio (TX) County Commissioner Gordon Porter to
President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Willacy County (TX) Commissioner Israel Tamez to U.S.
Representative Solomon Ortiz (D-TX) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of West Jordan (UT) to EPA (2/18/97)
<bullet> *Vermont League of Cities and Towns to the EPA Region I
Administrator (1/20/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Association of Counties (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Appomattox (VA) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Fredericksburg (VA) to President Clinton (6/7/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Norfolk (no party-VA) (2/7/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Virginia Beach (VA) to President Clinton 6/5/97)
<bullet> *Chesterfield County (VA) Midlothian District Supervisor
Edward Barber to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Chesterfield County (VA) Supervisor Edward B. Barber to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Lacey (D-WA) (2/24/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Snohomish (WA) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Spokane (no party-WA) (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Warden (WA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Adams County (WA) Commissioner William ``Bill'' Schlagel
to U.S. Representative Rick White (R-WA) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Adams County (WA) Commissioner Bill Wills to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Franklin County (WA) Board of Commissioners to U.S.
Representative Rick White (R-WA) (8/27/97). (Copies also sent to
U.S. Senator Slade Gorton (R-WA), U.S. Senator Patty Murray (D-WA),
U.S. Representative Doc Hastings (R-WA), National Association of
Counties (NACO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA))
<bullet> *Franklin County (WA) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Grant County (WA) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Kittitas County (WA) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Skagit County Board of Commissioners (WA) (1/22/97)
<bullet> *Southwest Suburban Sewer District (WA) Commissioner John
Jovanovich to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Bluefield (no party-WV) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Huntington (R-WV) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Welch (R-WV) to Carol Browner (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of DePere (no party-WI) to Carol Browner (1/21/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of New Berlin (WI) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Mayor of Racine (WI) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin Alliance of Cities (signed by the Mayor of
Manitowoc (no party-WI)) to President Clinton (5/2/97)
<bullet> *Dane County (WI) Supervisor Andrew Janssen to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Oconto County Board of Supervisors, Legislative Committee
(WI) (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Racine County (WI) Supervisor Raymond DeHahn to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Walworth County (WI) Board of Supervisors Chairman Allen
L. Morrison to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Waukesha County (WI) Supervisor Carolyn Evenson to
President Clinton (5/22/97)
<bullet> *Waukesha County (WI) Supervisor Jim Strand to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Campbell County Commissioners (WY) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Converse County, WY Board of Commissioners (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Fremont County (WY) Commissioners Alma Nicol, Thomas
Satterfield, Jane Adamson, William Runner and T. Crosby Allen to
President Clinton (6/3/97)
__________
Letters/comments from other state and local officials
<bullet> *National Association of Regional Councils (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Alabama Democratic Party Vice Chair Amy Burks to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Gadsden (AL) Judge of Probate Court Bobby Junkins to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Anchorage (AK) Metropolitan Area Transportation Study,
Municipality of Anchorage (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Arizona Secretary of State Jane Dee Hull to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Pima County (AZ) Department of Environmental Quality (3/
12/97)
<bullet> *Arizona State Mine Inspector Douglas K. Martin to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Flagstaff (AZ) City Councilman Rick Lopez to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Arizona Corporation Commission Chairman Carl J. Kunasek to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Phoenix (AZ) Councilman Sal DiCiccio to President Clinton
(6/19/97)
<bullet> *Phoenix (AZ) Councilman Doug Lingner to President Clinton
(6/12/97)
<bullet> *Alexander (AR) Councilmember Dorothy Smith to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Alexander (AR) Councilmember Doug Sullens to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Wrightsville (AR) Alderman Millie Brooks to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Wrightsville (AR) Alderman Gilbert Harris to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Wrightsville (AR) Alderwoman Dorothy Jackson to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Wrightsville (AR) Alderman Dameter Riley to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Metroplan (AR--a council of local governments) (2/28/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas County (AR) Judge Glenn Cox to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Faulkner County (AR) Judge John Wayne Carter to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Hempstead County (AR) Judge Wallace Martin to U.S. Senator
Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
<bullet> *Lake Village (AR) County Judge to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Pulaski County (AR) Judge/Chief Executive Officer to
President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Saline County (AR) Judge Terry M. Parsons to President
Clinton (6/97)
<bullet> *Pulaski County (AR) Justice of the Peace John Lewellen to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Pulaski County (AR) Justice of the Peace Mary Louise
Williams to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Hempstead County (AR) Treasurer Margie Vickers to U.S.
Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
<bullet> *Wrightsville (AR) Treasurer Carolyn King to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Hempstead County (AR) Clerk Velora Haltom to U.S. Senator
Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
<bullet> *Hempstead County (AR) Circuit Clerk Carolyn Neel to U.S.
Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
<bullet> *Hempstead County (AR) Tax Assessor Darlene Sinyard to U.S.
Senator Dale Bumpers (D-AR) (10/9/97)
<bullet> *Anaheim (CA) Councilman, Bob Zemel to President Clinton
(5/29/97)
<bullet> *Anderson (CA) City Councilmember Rodney Jones to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Campbell (CA) City Councilmember Robert Dougherty to U.S.
Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA) (9/29/7)
<bullet> *Cathedral City (CA) Councilmember Gary Amy to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Cathedral City (CA) Councilmember Sarah DiGrandi to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Ceres (CA) City Councilmember Leo Havener, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Ceres (CA) City Councilmember Stan Risen to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Commerce (CA) Councilmember Ray Cisneros to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Commerce (CA) Councilmember Rosalina Lopez to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Del Mar (CA) City Councilmember Andy Schooler to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Desert Hot Springs (CA) Councilmember Gary Bosworth to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Dixon (CA) Councilmember Chris Manson to U.S. Dianne
Feinstein (D-CA) (6/10/97)
<bullet> *El Cajon (CA) Councilman W.E. McClellan to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Fairfield (CA) Councilmember George E. Pettygrove to U.S.
Representative Vic Fazio (D-CA) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Garden Grove (CA) Councilman Ken Maddox to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Garden Grove (CA) Councilman Mark Leyes to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Huntington Beach (CA) Councilmember David Garofalo to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *City of Irvine (CA) Councilmember Barry Hammond to
President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Laguna Niguel (CA) Councilmember to President Clinton (6/
12/97)
<bullet> *Laguna Niguel (CA) Councilmember Mark Goodman to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Lake Forest (CA) Councilmember to President Clinton (6/11/
97)
<bullet> *La Mesa (CA) Councilmember Barry Jantz to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Loma Linda (CA) City Councilmember Glenn Elssmann to
President Clinton (6/14/97)
<bullet> *Los Angeles (CA) City Councilman Rudy Svorinich to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Los Gatos (CA) Councilmember Steven Blanton to U.S.
Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Los Gatos (CA) Councilmember Steven Blanton to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mission Viejo (CA) Councilmember Sherri M. Butterfield to
U.S. Senator Feinstein (D-CA) (6/15/97)
<bullet> *Mission Viejo (CA) Councilmember Thomas Potocki to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Modesto (CA) City Councilmember David Cogdill, Sr. to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Modesto (CA) City Councilmember Stan Dobbs to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Modesto City (CA) Councilmember Mike Serpa to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Monterey Park (CA) Councilmember Rita Valenzuela to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mountain View (CA) Councilmember Mario Ambra to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Orange (CA) Councilman Mark Murphy to President Clinton
(6/12/97)
<bullet> *Pismo Beach (CA) Councilman Bill Rabenalde to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Powy (CA) City Councilmember Mickey Cafagna to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Redwood City (CA) Councilman Matt Leipzig to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Rocklin (CA) Councilmember Peter Hill to President Clinton
(6/12/97)
<bullet> *Sacramento (CA) Councilman Robert Kerth to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Sacramento (CA) Councilmember Robbie Waters to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *San Bernardino (CA) Councilmember Edward Negrete to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *San Diego (CA) City Councilmember Judy McCarty to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *San Diego (CA) City Councilmember Byron Wear to President
Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *San Diego (CA) City Councilmember Byron Wear to U.S.
Representative Bilbray (R-CA) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *San Jose (CA) Councilmember David Pandori to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Santee (CA) Councilman Randy Voepel to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *Shasta County (CA) Supervisor Patricia Clarke to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *South El Monte (CA) Councilman Arthur Olmos to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Torrance (CA) Councilman Dan Walker to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *Turlock (CA) City Councilmember John Lazar to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Monrovia (CA) City Manager Donald Hopper to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Spring Valley County (CA) official Susan Price to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Feather River Air Quality Management District (CA) to EPA
(2/13/97)
<bullet> *North Coast Unified Air Quality Management District (CA)
(3/6/97)
<bullet> *San Diego County Air Pollution Control District (CA) (1/
13/97)
<bullet> *San Diego County (CA) Chairman of the Air Pollution
Control Board Bill Horn to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District
(CA) (1/2/97)
<bullet> *Santa Barbara County (CA) Air Pollution Control District
to EPA (2/25/97)
<bullet> *Santa Maria (CA) Public Airport District Director Muril
Clift to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Los Rios (CA) Community College Trustee Terry Cochran to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Saddleback Community College District (CA) Board of
Trustees Vice President John S. Williams to President Clinton (6/
14/97)
<bullet> *San Diego (CA) Community College District Ken Moser to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *West Valley-Mission Community College District Trusee
Karin Dowdy to U.S. Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *West Valley-Mission Community College District (CA)
Trustee Brian K. Sloan to U.S. Representative Tom Campbell (R-CA)
(no date)
<bullet> *Sacramento (CA) Municipal Utility District, member, Board
of Directors, Anthony Pescetti to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Foothill Municipal Water District (CA) to U.S.
Representative James Rogan (R-CA) (9/11/97)
<bullet> *Helix Water District (CA) board member Barbara Barber to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Irvine Ranch (CA) Water District Board President Darryl
Miller to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Irvine Rancho Water District board member John Withers to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Los Alisos (CA) Water District Vice President James Reed
to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Olivenhain (CA) Municipal Water District General Manager
David McCollom to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Olivehain (CA) Municipal Water District General Manager
David C. McCollom to U.S. Senator Feinstein (D-CA) (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District Director
Phillip Anthony to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District official--also
President of Bannister & Associates Insurance to President Clinton
(6/4/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District official Wes
Bannister to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District board member
Wayne Clark to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Municipal Water District official
Kenneth Witt to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Padre Dam (CA) Municipal Water Board member, Lex Boswell
to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Santa Clara Valley (CA) Water District, Robert W. Gross
Ph.D to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Santa Clara Valley (CA) Water District board member
Gregory Zlotnick to President Clinton (6/14/97)
<bullet> *Santa Margarita (CA) Water District Board member Roger
Faubel to President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *Santa Margarita (CA) Water District Board member Saundra
Jacobs to President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Yucaipa Valley (CA) Water District President Steve Copelan
and Director Conrad Nelson to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Bonita (CA) School Board member to President Clinton (6/
16/97)
<bullet> *Bonsall (CA) Unified School District representative Arlene
Ruiz to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Elverta (CA) Joint Elementary School District Trustee
Sandra Felley to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Fallbrook (CA) School Board Member Lynn Colburn to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Cajon Valley (CA) School Board Member Nancye M. Splintor
to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Garden Grove (CA) Unified School District board member
Terry Cantrell to President Clinton (6/18/96)
<bullet> *Inglewood (CA) School Board Member Thomasina Reed to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Lynwood (CA) Vice President Board of Education Cynthia
Green-Geter to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Marysville (CA) Joint United School District Trustee
Sherrill Webb to President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Montebello (CA) Unified School District President Thomas
M. Caldron to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Newport-Mesa (CA) Unified School District Trustee Judy
Franco to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Newport-Mesa (CA) Unified School District Trustee Wendy
Leece to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Newport-Mesa (CA) Unified School District Trustee Serena
R. Stokes to President Clinton (6/28/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) School Board member Maureen Aschoff to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Orange (CA) Unified School District Trustee Martin
Jacobson to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) School Board Member Bill Lewis to
President Clinton (6/19/96)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Board of Education Trustee Dr. Ken
Williams to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) School Board Member Eric Woolery to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Saddleback Valley (CA) Unified School District Trustee
Marcia Birch to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Saddleback Valley (CA) Unified School District Trustee
Dore Gilbert to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *San Diego County (CA) Board of Education member Thomas P.
Davies, Ph.D to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *San Diego County (CA) School Board member John Witt to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Santa Ana (CA) School Board Member Rosie Avila to
President Clinton (6/15/97)
<bullet> *West Covina (CA) School Board President Mike Spence to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Vallecitos (CA) School Board member Craig Olson to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *School Board official (CA) Harald G. Martin to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Monterey Park (CA) Clerk David M. Barron to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *City of Del Mar (CA) Andy Schooler, to President Clinton
(6/3/97)
<bullet> *Kern County, CA Planning Department, Resource Management
Agency to EPA (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Orange County, Transportation Corridor Agencies, William
Woollett, Jr., Chief Executive Officer (CA) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (CA) Council of Governments (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Calaveras County (CA) Agriculture and Environmental
Management Agency, Air Pollution Control District to Carol Browner
(3/10/97)
<bullet> *San Luis Obispo Council of Governments, Regional
Transportation Planning Agency (3/12/97)
<bullet> *County Sanitation Districts of Orange County, CA (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Southern California Association of Governments (2/14/97)
<bullet> *Shasta County (CA) Department of Resource Management (3/3/
97)
<bullet> *Palomar Pomerado (CA) Health System Trustee Karen Kirchoff
to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Palomar Pomerado Health System (CA) Trustee Nancy Scofield
to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Nipomo (CA) President, Board of Directors, Nipoma
Community Services District Kathleen A. Fairbanks to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *East County (CA) Fire Chief Darrell Jobes to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *West Valley Mission (CA) Community College Trustee Brian
K. Sloan to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Lewes (DE) Board of Public Works to David McKee, U.S. EPA
(3/7/97)
<bullet> *Seaford (DE) City Manager to David McKee, U.S. EPA (3/7/
97)
<bullet> *Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies (DC) (3/12/
97)
<bullet> *Hialeah (FL) Council President Herman Echevarria to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Hialeah (FL) City Councilman Guy Sanchez to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Hialeah (FL) Councilmember Jose Yedra to President Clinton
(6/11/97)
<bullet> *Jacksonville Beach (FL) Councilman Mitch Kinsey to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Metro-Dade (FL) Community Councilmember Arnaldo ``Arnie''
Llerena to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Metro-Dade County (FL) Senator Gwen Margolis to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Metro-Dade County (FL) Councilwoman Jacqueline V. Pepper
to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Metro-Dade (FL) Community Councilman Melford Pinder to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *St. Petersburg (FL) City Council Chairman Ernest Fillyau,
Sr. to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *St. Petersburg (FL) City Councilmember Frank Peterman, Jr.
to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Sweetwater (FL) City Council Vice President Prisca Barreto
to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Sweetwater (FL) Council President Jose L. Diaz to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Sweetwater (FL) City Councilmember Manuel Duasso to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Sweetwater (FL) Councilmember Manolo Fernandez to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Sweetwater (FL) Councilmember Jesus Mesa to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Sweetwater (FL) City Councilmember Luis M. Rodriguez to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Tampa (FL) City Councilmember to U.S. Representative Jim
Davis (D-FL) (9/23/97)
<bullet> *Volusia County (FL) Councilmember Freddye C. Moore to
President Clinton (6/27/97)
<bullet> *Pinellas County (FL) Department of Environmental
Management (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Supervisor of Elections (FL) Barbara Kirkman, to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Seminole County (FL) Tax Collector Ray Valdes to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Florida Association of Counties to U.S. Senator Bob Graham
(D-FL) (5/7/97)
<bullet> *Dade County (FL) School Board member Betsy Kaplan to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Dade County (FL) School Board Chair Solomon Stinson to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Dade County (FL) School Board member Frederick Wilson to
President Clinton
<bullet> *Pinellas County (FL) Urban League President James O.
Simmons to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Atlanta (GA) Councilmember Pamela Alexander President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Atlanta (GA) City Councilmember Michael Julian Bond to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Atlanta (GA) City Councilmember Sheila Martin Brown to
President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Eatonton (GA) City Councilman John Reid to U. S. Senator
Max Cleland (D-GA) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Eatonton (GA) City Councilman John Reid to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *DeKalb County (GA) Chief Executive Officer, Liane Levetan
to President Clinton (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Illinois/Iowa Bi-State Regional Commission (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Caldwell (ID) City Engineer to Carol Browner (1/21/97)
<bullet> *Caldwell (ID) City Engineer to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Central Advisory Council (IL) Artensa Randolph, Chairman
to Lynn Cutler, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs (6/5/97)
<bullet> *IL State Central Committeeman Cora McGrudger to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wheeling Township (IL) Committeeman Pat Botterman to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Thomas R. Allen to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderperson Carrie M. Austin to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman John Buchanan to President Clinton
(6/5/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Walter Burnett to President Clinton
(6/15/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Sam Burrell to President Clinton (6/
12/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Vilma Colom to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Percy Z. Giles to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Bernard Hansen to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick M. Huels to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Virgil Jones to President Clinton
(6/12/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick Levar to President Clinton
(6/19/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick J. Levar to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick J. Levar to U.S. Senator
Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick J. Levar to U.S.
Representative Rod R. Blagojevich (D-IL) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Patrick O'Connor to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Gene Schulter to President Clinton
(6/19/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Dan Sohns to President Clinton (6/
17/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Michael A. Wojcik to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Michael R. Zalewski to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Michael R. Zalewski to U.S. Senator
Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (no date)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) Alderman Michael R. Zalewski to U.S. Senator
Richard J. Durbin (D-IL) (no date)
<bullet> *Chicago (IL) City Clerk James Laski to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Pekin City (IL) City Manager Dick Hierstein to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Hanover Township (IL) Trustee Brian McGuire to U.S.
Senator Richard Durbin (D-IL) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *Hanover Township (IL) Trustee Brian McGuire to U.S.
Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *Rock Island (IL) Sheriff Michael Grchan to U.S.
Representative Lane Evans (D-IL) (no date)
<bullet> *Pekin (IL) Director of Public Property Gregory J. Ranney
to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Indianapolis (IN) Councilmember Beulah Coughenour to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Indianapolis (IN) Councilman Jeffrey Golc to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Indianapolis (IN) Councilmember William G. Schneider to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mt. Pleasant (IA) Councilmembers, Steve Brimhall, Beryl
Shahan, Art Hamm, Wally Ray, J. Beams and Stan Curtis to U.S.
Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA) (8/18/97)
<bullet> *Sellersburg (IN) Councilmembers, David Broady, Kenneth
Alexander, William Voylos, Gary Fenner, and Aulton Eddings to U.S.
Representative Lee Hamilton (D-IN) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Marion County (IN) Assessor Bernard J. Gohmann, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Davenport (IA) Aldermen Robert Lank, Joe Seng, Bob
Tappendorf, George Nickolas, Dan Vance, James Stolley, Jim Hayek,
Tom Carroll, Barney Barnhill and Ruth Reynolds to U.S.
Representative Jim Leach (R-IA) (8/28/97). This letter was also
sent to U.S. Senator Harkin (D-IA).
<bullet> *De Soto (IA) Assistant City Manager Bill Lindley to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Marion (IA) Acting City Manager Riley F. Simpson to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Davenport (IA) City Administrator James Pierce to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mason City (IA) City Administrator Charles B. Hammen to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Muscatine (IA) City Administrator Kevin Whittaker to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Marion County (IN) Assessor Bernard J. Gohmann, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Webster City (IA) Assistant City Manager Michael D. Quinn
to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Forest City (IA) City Clerk Paul Boock to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Fort Dodge (IA) City Clerk/Finance Director, Dennis
Milefchik to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wyandotte County (KS) Health Department, Department of Air
Quality (3/11/97)
<bullet> Bullitt County (KY) Judge (5/3/96)
<bullet> Campbell County (KY) Judge (5/9/96)
<bullet> Kenton County (KY) Judge (4/29/96)
<bullet> *Clay County (KY) Judge Executive, James Garrison to Carol
Browner (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Lafayette Consolidated Government (LA) Parish President
Walter Comeaux, Jr. to Carol Browner (2/14/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Council Chairman Aaron Broussard to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Patricia A. Johnson to President
Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Patricia A. Johnson to U.S.
Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Patricia A. Johnson to U.S.
Senator Breaux (D-LA) (5/29/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Patricia A. Johnson to U.S.
Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (5/29/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Erroll G. Williams to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Erroll G. Williams to U.S.
Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Erroll G. Williams to U.S.
Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) Assessor Erroll G. Williams to U.S.
Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Councilmember Aaron Broussard to
Carol Browner (7/16/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Councilmember Aaron Broussard to
Vice President Gore (7/16/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Troy A. Carter to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Troy A. Carter to U.S.
Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Troy A. Carter to U.S.
Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Troy A. Carter to U.S.
Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Roy E. Glapion, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Roy E. Glapion, Jr. to
U.S. Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Roy E. Glapion to U.S.
Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/12/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Roy E. Glapion to U.S.
Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (6/12/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Suzanne Haik Terrell
to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Suzanne Haik Terrell
to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Suzanne Haik Terrell
to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Ellen Hazeur-Distance
to President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Ellen Hazeur Distance
to U.S. Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Ellen Hazeur-Distance
to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Ellen Hazeur-Distance
to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember R.E. ``Gus'' Payne to
President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember R.E. ``Gus'' Payne to
U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/2/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember R.E. ``Gus'' Payne to
U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/2/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Jim Singleton to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Jim Singleton to U.S.
Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/12/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilman-at-Large Jim Singleton to
U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilman-at-Large Jim Singleton to
U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Oliver Thomas to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Peggy Wilson to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilmember Peggy Wilson to U.S.
Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilwoman Peggy Wilson to U.S.
Senator Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *New Orleans (LA) City Councilwoman Peggy Wilson to U.S.
Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *Shreveport (LA) City Councilmember Keith Hightower to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Shreveport (LA) City Councilmember Keith Hightower to U.S.
Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (6/11/97)
<bullet> *St. James Parish (LA) Councilmember Timothy Roussel to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Abita Springs (LA) Justice of the Peace Mario Ventura to
U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *Abita Springs (LA) Justice of the Peace Mario Ventura to
U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *Abita Springs (LA) Justice of the Peace Mario Ventura to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Justice of the Peace Steve J.
Mortillaro to U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Justice of the Peace Steve
Mortillaro to U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Justice of the Peace Steve J.
Mortillaro to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board member Bill Bowers to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Bill Bowers to
U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Bill Bowers to
U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board President J. Berengher
Brechtel to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board President J. Berengher
Brechtel to U.S. Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/13/97)
<bullet> *Orleans (LA) Parish School Board President J. Berenger
Brechtel to U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board member Maudelle Cade to
President Clinton (5/28/97). Also Executive Director of Covenant
House New Orleans.
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Maudelle Cade to
U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Maudelle Cade to
U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Cheryl Cramer to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Cheryl Q. Cramer
to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Cheryl Q. Cramer
to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Carolyn Ford to
U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Carolyn Ford to
U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Member Carolyn Ford to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Vice President Gail M.
Glapion to President Clinton (5/29/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Vice President Gail M.
Glapion to U.S. Representative Bill Jefferson (D-LA) (8/15/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Vice President Gail M.
Glapion to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (5/29/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) School Board Vice President Gail M.
Glapion to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (5/29/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Clerk Terrie Rodrigue to the
Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (5/23/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Clerk Terrie Rodrigue to U.S. EPA
(5/23/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Constable Salvador Liberto to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Constable Salvador Liberto to U.S.
Senator Breaux (D-LA) (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Constable Salvador Liberto to U.S.
Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Constable Salvador Liberto to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Sheriff Harry Lee to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Sheriff Harry Lee to U.S. Senator
Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Sheriff Harry Lee to U.S. Senator
John Breaux (D-LA) (6/25/97)
<bullet> *St. Tammany Parish (LA) Police Jury Floyd Glass to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *St. Tammany Parish (LA) Police Jury Floyd Glass to U.S.
Senator Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *St. Tammany Parish (LA) Police Jury Floyd Glass to U.S.
Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *St. Tammany Parish (LA) District Attorney Walter P. Reed
to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *St. Tammany Parish (LA) District Attorney Walter P. Reed
to U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *St. Tammany Parish (LA) District Attorney Walter P. Reed
to U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman Joseph Lama to
U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeemen Joseph Lama to
U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman Jim Nugent to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman Jim Nugent to
U.S. Senator John Breaux (D-LA)(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman Jim Nugent to
U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Orleans Parish (LA) Executive Committeeman John Treen to
U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Louisiana State Executive Committee of the Republican
Party member V.J. Bruno to U.S. Senator Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *Louisiana State Executive Committee of the Republican
Party member V.J. Bruno to U.S. Senator Landrieu (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *Louisiana State Central Committee of the Republican Party
official Francis Berger to U.S. John Breaux (D-LA) (no date)
<bullet> *Louisiana State Central Committee of the Republican Party
official Francis Berger to U.S. Senator Mary Landrieu (D-LA) (no
date)
<bullet> *Baltimore (MD) City Councilman Nicholas C. D'Adamo, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *City of Detroit (MI) Department of Environmental Affairs
(3/12/97)
<bullet> *Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) to EPA
(2/28/97)
<bullet> *West Michigan Shoreline Regional Development Commission to
EPA, MI DEQ, MI DOT, and Muskegon area local units of government
(3/6/97)
<bullet> *Detroit (MI) City Councilmember Gil Hill to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Detroit (MI) City Councilmember Alberta Tinsley-Williams
to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Grand Blanc (MI) City Councilmember Jeffrey C. Pardee to
U.S. Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Grand Blanc (MI) City Councilmember Jeffrey C. Pardee to
U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Scottville (MI) City Manager (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Pere Marquette Charter Township Board (MI) (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Board of Trustees, Canton, Wayne County, Michigan to EPA
(3/12/97)
<bullet> *Boston Township (MI) Clerk Carolyn K. Longwell to U.S.
Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Boston Township (MI) Clerk Carolyn K. Longwell to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Clerk Michael J. Carr to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Clerk Michael J. Carr to U.S. Senator
Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Clerk Michael J. Carr to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Ionia County (MI) Clerk Barbara A. Trierweiler to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Ionia County (MI) Clerk Barbara A. Trierweiler to U.S.
Representative Vernon J. Ehlers (R-MI) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Macomb Township (MI) Clerk Norman J. Snay to U.S.
Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Macomb Township (MI) Clerk Norman J. Snay to U.S. Carl
Levin (D-MI) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Oscoda County (MI) Clerk Patsy J. Peters to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Sebewa Township (MI) Clerk Grayden D. Slowins to U.S.
Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Sebewa Township (MI) Clerk Grayden D. Slowins to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Ada Township (MI) Treasurer Carolyn Soderberg to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Ada Township (MI) Treasurer Carolyn Soderberg to U.S.
Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Barry County (MI) Treasurer Susan VandeCar to U.S.
Representative Vernon Ehlers (R-MI) (9/22/97)
<bullet> *Berrien County (MI) Treasurer William A. Wolf to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Crawford County (MI) Treasurer to U.S. Representative Bart
Stupak (D-MI) (9/11/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Treasurer Daniel T. Kildee to
President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Treasurer Daniel T. Kildee to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Treasurer Daniel T. Kildee to U. S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Grand Blanc Township (MI) Treasurer Jeffrey Cyphert to
U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Fenton Township (MI) Trustee Denise Ketchmark to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Fenton Township (MI) Trustee Denise Ketchmark to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Flint Township (MI) Treasurer Sandra S. Wright to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Flint Township (MI) Treasurer Sandra S. Wright to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Macomb Township (MI) Treasurer Marie E. Malburg to U.S.
Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Macomb Township (MI) Treasurer Marie E. Malburg to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Breitung Township (MI) Trustee Barbara J. Oliver to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Flint Township (MI) Trustee George Menoutes to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Flint Township (MI) Trustee George Menoutes to U. S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Thetford Township (MI) Trustee E.H. Benning to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Thetford Township (MI) Trustee Edgar Benning to U.S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (4/24/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Prosecutor Arthur A. Busch to U.S.
Representative Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Genesee County (MI) Prosecutor Arthur A. Busch to U. S.
Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Macomb County (MI) Prosecuting Attorney Carl Marlinga to
U.S. Representative David Bonior (D-MI) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Macomb County (MI) Prosecuting Attorney Carl Marlinga to
U.S. Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) (8/22/97)
<bullet> *Wayne County (MI) Executive Edward McNamara to President
Clinton (6/97)
<bullet> *Bloomington (MN) City Councilmember Peggy Ramthun to U.S.
Representative Jim Ramstad (R-MN) (no date)
<bullet> Office of the County Executive, St. Charles County,
Missouri (8/19/96)
<bullet> *Office of the County Executive, St. Charles County,
Missouri (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Office of the County Executive, St. Charles County,
Missouri to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Missouri Municipal League to Sally Katzen, OMB (5/27/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator (Chairman of Land Use
Committee) Fred Arbanas to U.S. Representative Karen McCarthy (D-
MO) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator John Burnett to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Carl Bussey to President
Clinton (5/27/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Carl Bussey to President
Clinton (5/27/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator (Chairman of the
Legislature) Victor Callahan to U.S. Representative Karen McCarthy
(D-MO) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Dixie Flynn to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Victor Callahan to
President Clinton (5/23/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Dan Tarwater to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Dan Tarwater to U.S.
Representative Karen McCarthy (D-MO) (8/19/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Fred Arbanas to President
Clinton (5/23/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator John Graham to President
Clinton (5/27/97)
<bullet> *Jackson County (MO) Legislator Dennis Waits to President
Clinton (5/23/97)
<bullet> *Glendale (MO) Alderman Richard Magee to President Clinton
(6/2/97)
<bullet> *Lincoln County, Department of Environmental Health (MT)
(3/6/97)
<bullet> *Lincoln County (MT) Department of Environmental Health to
Erskine Bowles, White House Chief of Staff (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Omaha (NE) City Councilmember Lormong Lo to U.S. Senator
Bob Kerry (D-NE) (9/5/97)
<bullet> *Metropolitan Area Planning Agency (MAPA) (NE--a council of
governments) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Joseph Salitros, City Administrator, Wayne, NE to EPA (2/
28/97)
<bullet> *Auburn (NE) Board of Public Works to EPA (2/17/97)
<bullet> *Sidney (NE) official Marlan V. Ferguson to U.S. Senator
Bob Kerry (D-NE) (9/3/97)
<bullet> *Boulder City (NV) Councilwoman Iris Bletsch to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Las Vegas (NV) Councilman Matthew Callister to President
Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Las Vegas (NV) Councilman Gary Reese to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *North Las Vegas (NV) Councilman Theron H. Goynes to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *North Las Vegas (NV) Councilman William Robinson to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *North Las Vegas (NV) Councilman John Rhodes to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Boulder City (NV) Councilman Byran Nix to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Bolder City (NV) Councilman Bryan Nix to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (8/15/97)
<bullet> *Henderson (NV) Councilman David Wood to U.S.
Representative Jim Gibbons (R-NV) (no date)
<bullet> *Santa Fe (NM) City Councilor Amy Manning to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Socorro (NM) Councilman Danny Armijo to President Clinton
(6/5/97)
<bullet> *Espanola City (NM) Acting City Manager Alice D. Lucero to
President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Socorro County (NM) Treasurer Isabel M. Montoya to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Lea County (NM) Sheriff Bill Lane to President Clinton (6/
12/97)
<bullet> *Santa Fe County (NM) Sheriff Benjamin Montano to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Les County (NM) Presiding Magistrate Judge Jack D. Bailey
to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Socorro County (NM) Judge to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Lea County (NM) Assessor Melba Hamby to President Clinton
(6/12/97)
<bullet> *Santa Fe County (NM) Assessor Benito J. Martinez, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Socorro (NM) state official Jean Fraissinet to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Espanola (NM) Chief Deputy Clerk Dorothy Borrego to
President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Socorro County (NM) Clerk Carmen Gallegos to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Association of Towns of the State of New York to U.S.
Representative Michael McNulty (D-NY) (5/14/97) Same letter mailed
to entire NY Congressional Delegation.
<bullet> *Orange County (NY) Legislator Rich Baum to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (NY) Legislators Richard L. Hansen, Sr. and
Roberta K Murphy to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Orange County (NY) Legislators Roberta Murphy and Richard
Hansen, Jr. to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Spring Valley (NY) Planning Board member Ryan Karben to
President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Suffolk County (NY) Legislator David Bishop to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Haverstraw (NY) Village Trustee Ricky Sanchez to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Camden County (NC) Board of Commissioners to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Clayton (NC) Councilmember Roy Green to U.S.
Representative Bobby Etheridge (D-NC) (no date)
<bullet> *Clayton (NC) Councilmember Sue Johnson to U.S.
Representative Bob Etheridge (D-NC) (8/2/97)
<bullet> *Durham (NC) City Councilman Tyrone Cox to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Goldsboro (NC) Councilman Tim Bartlett to U.S.
Representative Eva Clayton (D-NC) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Greensboro (NC) City Councilwoman Claudette Burroughs-
White to President Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Greensboro (NC) City Councilwoman Yvonne Johnson to
President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Greensboro (NC) City Councilman Earl Jones to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Hickory (NC) City Councilman Robert Southerland to EPA (3/
10/97)
<bullet> *Wilmington (NC) City Councilman (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Apex (NC) Assistant Town Manager J. Michael Wilson to EPA
(3/10/97)
<bullet> *Bessemer City (NC) City Manager Ralph Messera to EPA (3/
10/97)
<bullet> *Henderson (NC) City Manager Eric Williams to EPA (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Hickory (NC) City Manager B. McGee to EPA (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Hickory (NC) Assistant City Manager (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Lexington (NC) City Manager R. Duke Whisenant to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Wilmington (NC) City Manager (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Hickory (NC) Alderman (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Durham, Chapel Hill, Carrboro (NC) Metropolitan Planning
Organization to Carol Browner (3/12/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota Secretary of State to President Clinton (6/
10/97)
<bullet> *North Dakota State Labor Commissioner Craig Hagen to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (3/10/97)
<bullet> *City of Ashtubula, Board of Health (OH) (1/29/97)
<bullet> *Ashtabula County (OH) Health Department (2/19/97)
<bullet> *Cuyahoga County (OH) Board of Health, Health Commissioner
Timothy Horgan to Donald Schregardus, Ohio EPA (1/30/97)
<bullet> *Monroe Township Board of Trustees, Ashtabula County, OH
(2/28/97)
<bullet> *Akron Metropolitan Area Transportation Study (OH) (2/27/
97)
<bullet> *Brook Park City Council, Michael Gammella, Council
President (OH) (3/5/97)
<bullet> *Lima, OH City Sanitary Engineer (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission (OH) (1/22/97)
<bullet> *Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission (OH) to selected
Ohio state Senators and Representatives (1/22/97)
<bullet> *Miami Valley Regional Planning Commission (OH) to selected
Ohio state Senators and Representatives (different letter than
above) (1/22/97)
<bullet> *Medina County Health Department (OH) (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Village of Ottawa Hills, OH Village Manager (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Summit County, OH County Engineer Gene Esser, P.E. (2/6/
97)
<bullet> *Tim Davis, County Executive, Summit County (OH) to
President Clinton (5/15/97)
<bullet> *St. Marys (OH) Department of Public Works and Safety (3/
11/97)
<bullet> *St. Mary's (OH) Industrial/Community Development
Department to Carol Browner (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Ross County Sheriff (OH) to U.S. Senator John Glenn (D-OH)
(4/19/97)
<bullet> *Ross County (OH) Sheriff Ronald L. Nichols to U.S.
Representative Tony Hall (D-OH) (8/7/97)
<bullet> *Ross County (OH) Auditor Stephen A. Neal to U.S.
Representative Tony Hall (D-OH) (8/5/97)
<bullet> *Ross County (OH) Treasurer to U.S. Representative Sherrod
Brown (D-OH) (4/19/97)
<bullet> *Ross County (OH) Treasurer Felix Melaragno to U.S.
Representative Tony Hall (D-OH) (8/11/97)
<bullet> *Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments, OH
(TMACOG) (12/23/96)
<bullet> Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments, OH
(TMACOG) (11/25/96)
<bullet> *Toledo (OH) Councilwoman, Edna Brown (3/5/97)
<bullet> *Toledo-Lucas County (OH) Port Authority to Carol Browner
(3/4/97)
<bullet> *Toledo/Lucas County (OH) Convention & Visitors Bureau to
Carol Browner (2/25/97)
<bullet> *Caroll County (OH) Economic Development Council to Carol
Browner (1/28/97)
<bullet> *Allen County (OH) Department of Public Health, David
Rosebrock, Health Commissioner to EPA (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Saybrook Township Trustees to U.S. Representative Steven
LaTourette (R-OH) (3/5/97)
<bullet> *Williamsburg Township (OH) Board of Trustees to Hamilton
County Environmental Services (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Barbara Young, Councilmember-At-Large, Ada, OK to EPA (3/
10/97)
<bullet> *Village of Whitehouse (OH) Administrator Randy Bukas to
Carol Browner (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Association of Central Oklahoma Governments to Carol
Browner (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Klamath County (OR) Department of Human Services, Public
Health Division (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Erie (PA) Councilman Robert L. Okicki to President Clinton
(6/11/97)
<bullet> *Erie (PA) Councilwoman Joy Greco to President Clinton (6/
10/97)
<bullet> *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilman David Cohen to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Happy Fernandez to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember James Kenney to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilwoman Donna Reed Miller to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Michael A. Nutter to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Michael A. Nutter to
U.S. Representative Robert A. Borksi (D-PA) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Michael A. Nutter to
U.S. Representative Paul McHale (D-PA) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember Michael A. Nutter to
U.S. Representative Chaka Fattah (D-PA) (9/9/97)
<bullet> *Philadelphia (PA) City Councilmember John F. Street to
President Bill Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Borough of Chambersburg (PA) Electric Department
Superintendent to David McKee, U.S. EPA (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Lebanon County (PA) Conservation District to Michael
McCabe, EPA Region III Administrator (2/14/97)
<bullet> *Borough of Churchill (PA) Police Department to EPA (3/7/
97)
<bullet> *Borough of West Chester (PA) Manager Ernie McNeely to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Cranston (RI) Director of Administration to U.S. Senator
John H. Chafee (R-RI) (9/12/97)
<bullet> *Barnwell County (SC) Councilmember Harold Buckmon to U.S.
Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Barnwell County (SC) Councilman Harold Buckmon to Vice
President Gore (no date)
<bullet> *Barnwell County (SC) Treasurer Pickens Williams, Jr. to
Kathleen McGinty (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Charleston (SC) City Councilmember Larry D. Shirley to
U.S. Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Columbia (SC) City Councilmember Jim Papadea to U.S.
Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Columbia (SC) Councilman Jim Papadea to Kathleen McGinty
(6/16/97)
<bullet> *Florence (SC) City Councilman Billy D. Williams to U.S.
Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Florence City (SC) Councilman Billy D. Williams to Vice
President Gore (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Florence County (SC) Councilmember Joe W. King to U.S.
Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/21/97)
<bullet> *Florence County (SC) Councilmember Joe King to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Richland County (SC) Councilmember Harriet Gardin Fields
to U.S. Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (8/18/97)
<bullet> *Richland County (SC) Councilmember Harriet Fields to Vice
President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Richland County (SC) Councilmember Paul Livingston to Vice
President Al Gore (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Ridgeville (SC) Councilmember R. Wesley Snipes to U.S.
Senator Ernest F. Hollings (D-SC) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Ridgeville (SC) Councilmember R. Wesley Snipes to U.S.
Representative Mark Sanford (R-SC) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Barnwell County (SC) Treasurer to U.S. Senator Ernest F.
Hollings (D-SC) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Newberry County (SC) Auditor Nancy Owen to Vice President
Gore (6/20/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina State Comptroller General Earle Morris, Jr.
to Kathleen McGinty(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Pennington County Air Quality Office, South Dakota (2/10/
97)
<bullet> *Custer City (SD) Councilmember Behlings to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Custer City (SD) Councilmember Ron Bradeen (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Hartford (SD) Councilmember Barney Smith to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Hartford (SD) City Councilman Barney Smith to U.S. Senator
Daschle (D-SD) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Hartford (SD) City Councilman Barney Smith to U.S. Senator
Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *Lennox (SD) Alderwoman Marlene Harms to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Lennox (SD) Alderwoman Marlene Harms to U.S. Senator Tim
Johnson (D-SD) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Lennox (SD) Alderwoman Marlene Harms to U.S. Senator Tom
Daschle (D-SD) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilman Edward Anderson to President
Clinton (6/22/97)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Pete Bruce to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Pete Bruce to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilman Peter Bruce to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Stephen Peschong to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Bill Rubendall to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Bill Rubendall to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Bill Rubendall to
President Clinton (no date) (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Don Verhey to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Don Verhey to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) City Councilmember Don Verhey to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Rapid City (SD) Councilmember Karen Bulman to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Rapid City (SD) Councilmember Karen Bulman to U.S. Senator
Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Rapid City (SD) Councilmember Karen Bulman to U.S Senator
Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Rapid City (SD) Alderman C.C. Knapp to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *Rapid City (SD) Alderman C.C. ``Buzz'' Knapp to U. S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/16/97)
<bullet> *Rapid City (SD) Alderman C.C. ``Buzz'' Knapp to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/16/97)
<bullet> *Rapid City (SD) Council President Stan Petrik to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Rapid City (SD) Council President Stan Petrik to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/18/97)
<bullet> *Rapid City (SD) Council President Stan Petrik to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (9/18/97)
<bullet> *Vermillion City (SD) Councilman LeRoy Backhaus to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Vermillion City (SD) Councilman LeRoy Backhaus to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *South Dakota School Board Member Vicki Clarke to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *South Dakota School Board Member Vicki Clarke to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) School Board Member Vicki Clarke to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) School Board Member Linda Margheim to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) School Board President Steven M. Rice to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) Board of Education President Steven Rice to
U.S. Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Mitchell (SD) Board of Education President Steven Rice to
U.S. Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member Darrel Ludeman to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member Darrel Ludeman to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member Nick Merringer to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member Nick Merringer to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Vermillion (SD) School Board Member to President Clinton
(no date)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Auditor Boneva R. Albers to U.S. Senator
Tim Johnson (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Auditor Boneva R. Albers to U.S. Senator
Tom Daschle (D-SD) (no date)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Auditor Boneva R. Albers to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Clay County (SD) Sheriff Raymond Passick to U.S. Senator
Tim Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Montgomery County (TN) Commissioner Norman Young to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Justin Wilson, Deputy to Governor (TN) for Policy to EPA
(3/10/97)
<bullet> *Knoxville (TN) Urban Area Planning Organization (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Hendersonville (TN) Executive Assistant Connie Billbrey to
President Clinton (7/1/97)
<bullet> *Montgomery County (TN) Executive Robert Thompson to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Cook County (TX) official Jerry Lewis to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Abilene (TX) Councilwoman Carol Martinez to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Arlington (TX) City Councilmember Joe Ewen to U.S.
Representative Martin Frost (D-TX) (8/29/97)
<bullet> *Beaumont (TX) City Councilmember John Davis to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Beaumont (TX) City Councilmember Guy N. Goodson to
President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Beaumont (TX) City Councilmember Bobbie Patterson to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Dallas (TX) City Councilman Larry Duncan to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Dallas (TX) Councilmember Al Lipscomb to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *Dallas (TX) Councilwoman Charlotte Maves to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Del Rio (TX) Councilman Roy Musquiz to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Denton (TX) City Councilmember Jerry Cott to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Denton City (TX) Councilman Carl Young to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Gainesville (TX) City Councilman L. Bishop to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Gainesville (TX) Councilmember Jim King to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Gainsville (TX) Councilman John Schmitz to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Gainesville (TX) City Councilman Rev. Clarence Tucker to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Gatesville (TX) City Councilmember Robert Powell to U.S.
Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (no date)
<bullet> Gatesville (TX) City Councilmember Robert Powell to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Gatesville (TX) City Councilmember Robert Powell to Vice
President Gore (no date)
<bullet> *Mercedes (TX) City Councilmember Roy de Leon to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Pearsall (TX) City Councilmember Ramiro Verastique to U.S.
Representative Ciro D. Rodriguez (D-TX) (8/27/97)
<bullet> *Pearsall (TX) City Councilmember Ramiro Verastique to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Pleasanton (TX) City Councilman Abraham Saenz, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Sanger (TX) Alderperson Joe Bell to President Clinton (6/
1/6/97)
<bullet> *Sanger (TX) Alderman Glenn Erwin to President Clinton (6/
17/97)
<bullet> *Sanger (TX) Alderperson Jerry Jenkins to President Clinton
(6/16/97)
<bullet> *Sanger (TX) Alderman Jack Richardson to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Allen (TX) City Manager Jon McCarty to President Clinton
(6/24/97)
<bullet> *Cedar Hill (TX) City Manager Greg Vick to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Corpus Christi (TX) City Manager Bill Hennings (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Hereford (TX) City Manager Chester Nolen to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Hondo (TX) City Manager Scott Wall to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *Jacksonville (TX) City Manager Jim Anderson to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Kilgore (TX) City Manager to David McKee, EPA (1/20/97)
<bullet> *Kilgore (TX) City Manager Ronald Stephens to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Lampasas (TX) City Manager Michael Talbot to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Liberty (TX) City Manager Norman Dykes to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Longview (TX) City Manager Ted Willis to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *Marshall (TX) City Manager Tony Williams to President
Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *McGregor (TX) City Manager Bill Dake to President Clinton
(6/3/97)
<bullet> *Nacogdoches (TX) City Manager Gordon Pierce to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *North Richland Hills (TX) Assistant City Manager Larry J.
Cunningham to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Plainview (TX) City Manager Jim Jeffers to President
Clinton (6/15/97)
<bullet> *Schertz (TX) City Manager Kerry Sweatt to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Sperman (TX) City Manager Kelvin Knauf to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Tyler (TX) Assistant City Manager Paul Parker to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Weatherford (TX) City Manager to President Clinton (6/13/
97)
<bullet> *Coryell County (TX) Judge John Hull to President Clinton
(6/5/97)
<bullet> *Coryell County (TX) Judge John Hull to Vice President Gore
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Dallas County (TX) Judge Thomas Jones to President Clinton
(6/12/97)
<bullet> *Dallas County (TX) Judge Cleophas R. Steele Jr., to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Dimmit County (TX) Judge Charles Johnson to U.S.
Representative Ruben Hinojosa (D-TX) (8/24/97)
<bullet> *Dimmit County (TX) Judge Charles Johnson to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Frio County (TX) Judge Carlos Garcia to U.S.
Representative Ciro D. Rodriguez (D-TX) (8/25/97)
<bullet> *Frio County (TX) Judge Carlos A. Garcia to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Fort Bend County (TX) Judge (2/4/97)
<bullet> *Harrison County (TX) Judge J. Rodney Gilstrap to President
Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Hidalgo County (TX) Judge Renato Cuellar to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Harris County, TX Judge Robert Eckels to President Clinton
(5/29/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Judge Carl R. Griffith, Jr. to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Lampasas County (TX) Former County Judge Norris Monroe to
U.S. Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (no date)
<bullet> *Lampasas County (TX) Judge Tom Honeycutt to Vice President
Al Gore (6/16/97)
<bullet> *LaSalle County (TX) Judge Jimmy P. Patterson to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Willacy County (TX) Judge Simon Salinas to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Wood County (TX) Judge Lee Williams to President Clinton
(6/23/97)
<bullet> *Zavala County (TX) Judge Pablo Avila to U.S.
Representative Ruben Hinojosa (D-TX) (8/26/97)
<bullet> *Zavala County (TX) Judge Pablo Avila to Vice President Al
Gore (no date)
<bullet> *Cooke County (TX) Justice of the Peace Bill Freeman to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Cooke County (TX) Justice of the Peace Royce Dale Martin
to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Larry McDonald to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Larry McDonald to
Vice President Gore (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Jimmy Wood to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Jimmy Wood to
U.S. Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (no date)
<bullet> *Coryell County (TX) Justice of the Peace Jimmy Wood to
Vice President Gore ( no date)
<bullet> *Dallas County (TX) Justice of the Peace Charles R. Rose to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Hidalgo County (TX) Justice of the Peace Jesus E. Morales
to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Justice of the Peace Thurman Bill
Bartie to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Justice of the Peace Ray S. Chesson
to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Mercedes (TX) Justice of the Peace Gilberto Saenz to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Zavala County (TX) Justice of the Peace Eddie Trevino to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Zavala County (TX) Justice of the Peace Eddie Trevino to
Vice President Gore (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Cooke County (TX) Treasurer Janet Johnson to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Treasurer Linda Robinson to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *LaSalle County (TX) Treasurer Joel Rodriguez, Jr. to U.S.
Representative Ciro D. Rodriguez (D-TX) (8/28/97)
<bullet> *LaSalle County (TX) Treasurer Joel Rodriguez, Jr. to
President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Cooke County (TX) Clerk Evelyn Walterscheid to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Clerk Sandy Wilson to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Lampasas County (TX) Land Surveyor Jerry M. Goodson to
U.S. Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (no date)
<bullet> *Dallas County (TX) Constable Joe Bagby to President
Clinton (6/16//97)
<bullet> *Dallas County (TX) Constable Burl Jerigan to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Constable Brandon Crowder to
President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Constable Jeff Greenway to President
Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Constable Joe Stevenson to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Sheriff G. Mitch Woods to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Cooke County (TX) Assessor-Collector Billie Knight to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Tax Assessor-Collector Miriam
Johnson to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Cooke County (TX) Auditor Gloria Parrish to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *East Texas Council of Governments Executive Committee (3/
6/97)
<bullet> *North Central Texas Council of Governments (1/29/97)
<bullet> *North East Texas Air Care (NETAC) Policy Committee
comments (1/15/97)
<bullet> *South East Texas Regional Planning Commission (TX) to U.S.
Senator Phil Gramm (R-TX) (1/14/97)
<bullet> *South East Texas Regional Planning Commission to David
McKee, EPA (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Coryell County (TX) Attorney Edwin Powell Jr. to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Coryell County (TX) Attorney Edwin Powell to Vice
President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Gainesville (TX) City Attorney Nancy Williams to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Lampasas County (TX) District Attorney Larry W. Allison to
President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Sanger (TX) Attorney Ron Neiman to President Clinton (6/
16/97)
<bullet> *Harker Heights (TX) Operations Manager Jerry Atkinson to
President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Nederland (TX) City Secretary LaDonna Floyd to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *San Antonio/Alamo Area Air Quality Task Force (TX) (3/10/
97)
<bullet> *City of Houston, Mary Ellen Whitworth, Director,
Environmental Policy (2/18/97)
<bullet> *Martinsville (VA) Councilmember Bruce Dallas to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Northumberland (VA) Commonwealth Attorney Michael McKenney
to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Pearisburg (VA) Councilmember Barbara Stafford to
President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Augusta County (VA) Clerk John B. Davis to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Richmond (VA) Clerk of Court Bevil Dean to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Staunton (VA) Court Clerk Thomas E. Roberts to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Crater Planning District Commission (VA) (2/26/97)
<bullet> *Hampton Roads, VA Planning District Commission to EPA (1/
14/97)
<bullet> *Letter from the Richmond Area Metropolitan Planning
Organization (VA) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *County of Henrico, VA County Manager (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Richmond, VA City Manager (3/11/97)
<bullet> *York, VA County Administrator (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Ed Maroney, City Manager, Newport News, VA to Carol
Browner (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Dinwiddie (VA) County Administrator Charles Burgess, Jr.
to EPA (2/14/97)
<bullet> *Clark County (WA) Auditor Elizabeth A. Luce to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation (WA) (2/
13/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Senate Clerk Darrell Holmes to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *West Virginia Municipal League to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Lincoln County, WI Administrative Coordinator (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Janesville (WI) City Manager Steven E. Sheiffer to
President Clinton (5/23/97)
<bullet> *Oshkosh (WI) City Manager Richard Wollangk to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> Local government resolutions
<bullet> *American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO) (4/28/97)
<bullet> *Arkansas County Judges Association (6/13/97)
<bullet> *City of North Little Rock, Arkansas resolution (2/24/97)
<bullet> *City of West Memphis (AR) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *San Diego (CA) County Board of Supervisors (2/11/97)
<bullet> *Imperial County (CA) Air Pollution Control District Board
of Directors (6/24/97)
<bullet> *County of Peoria, IL (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Tazwell County (IL) Board (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Jefferson Parish (LA) Council (2/26/97)
<bullet> *Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) (1/31/
97)
<bullet> *Southwestern Michigan Commission (1/28/97)
<bullet> *Berrien County (MI) Personnel and Human Services Committee
(1/23/97)
<bullet> *Lincoln Charter Township, MI (2/11/97)
<bullet> *Livingston County, MI Board of Commissioners (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Port Huron, MI (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Wayne County (MI) Commission (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Twin Cities Area Transportation Study (MN) (1/27/97)
<bullet> *Mayor and City Council of Holdrege, NE (9/4/97)
<bullet> *Monclova Township (OH) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Willoughby, OH (6/11/97)
<bullet> *City Council of Maumee, OH (2/3/97)
<bullet> Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments, OH
(TMACOG) (11/20/96)
<bullet> *County of Ashtabula (OH) (2/25/97)
<bullet> *Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission (no date)
<bullet> *Oregon, OH City Council (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Board of Commissioners of Miami County, OH (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Sylvania Township Trustees, OH (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Akron Metropolitan Area Transportation Study (OH) (2/27/
97)
<bullet> *Village of Holland Council, OH (2/4/97)
<bullet> *Board of Trustees of Jerusalem Township, Lucas County, OH
(2/12/97)
<bullet> *Village of Luckey, OH (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Montgomery County Board of Commissioners (OH) (1/28/97)
<bullet> *Montgomery Township Trustees (OH) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Stark County Regional Planning Commission, Stark County
Area Transportation Study (OH) (1/27/97)
<bullet> *City Council of Toledo, OH (2/19/97)
<bullet> *Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Governments (TMACOG)
(1/30/97)
<bullet> *City of Youngstown, OH (5/22/97)
<bullet> *City of Willowick, OH (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Clark County--Springfield, OH Transportation Coordinating
Committee (2/14/97)
<bullet> *Oklahoma County, OK Board of Commissioners (2/24/97)
<bullet> *City Council, Oklahoma City, OK (2/97)
<bullet> *Aiken County (SC) Council (1/17/97)
<bullet> *Cleveland, TN (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Milan, TN (4/8/97)
<bullet> *New Johnsonville, TN (3/3/97)
<bullet> *East Texas Council of Governments (3/6/97)
<bullet> *North East Texas Air Care (NETAC) (1/7/97)
<bullet> *South East Texas Regional Planning Commission (5/21/97)
<bullet> *Beaumont (TX) City Council (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Bexar County Commissioners Court (TX) (2/4/97)
<bullet> Gregg County (TX) Commissioners' Court (8/29/96)
<bullet> *Jefferson County (TX) Commissioners' Court (5/5/97)
<bullet> *City Council of Longview, TX (1/23/97)
<bullet> Nederland (TX) (no date)
<bullet> *Port Arthur (TX) City Council--97-119 (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Port Arthur (TX) City Council--97-120 (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Crater Planning District Commission (VA) (2/24/97)
<bullet> *Danville (VA) Development Council (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Board of Supervisors for Hanover County, Virginia (2/12/
97)
<bullet> *County of Henrico, VA Board of Supervisors (2/26/97)
<bullet> *Richmond, VA (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Stafford County, VA (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Franklin County (WA) Board of Commissioners (5/7/97)
<bullet> *Waukesha County Board of Supervisors (WI) (3/25/97)
<bullet> Letters/comments from chambers of commerce
<bullet> *United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce (1/8/97)
<bullet> *Central Delaware Chamber of Commerce (DE) (1/13/97)
<bullet> *New Castle County Chamber of Commerce (DE) (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Greater Washington (DC) Board of Trade (DC metro area
Chamber of Commerce) (1/7/97)
<bullet> FL Chamber of Commerce (11/7/96)
<bullet> *Florida Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Senator Bob Graham (D-
FL) (2/7/97)
<bullet> Georgia Chamber of Commerce to Georgia Governor Zell Miller
(5/1/96)
<bullet> Georgia Chamber of Commerce 1997 legislative agenda
recommendations regarding ozone and PM NAAQS (no date, but before
rule proposal)
<bullet> *Georgia Chamber of Commerce (3/13/97)
<bullet> South Georgia Chamber of Commerce (no date)
<bullet> *Camilla (GA) Chamber of Commerce (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Columbus (GA) Chamber of Commerce (1/24/97)
<bullet> *Dalton Whitfield (GA) Chamber of Commerce (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Douglas County (GA) Chamber of Commerce (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Lee County (GA) Chamber of Commerce (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Pierce County (GA) Chamber of Commerce & Industrial
Development Authority (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce (IL) (12/23/96)
<bullet> *Indiana Chamber of Commerce (3/5/97)
<bullet> *Indiana Chamber of Commerce (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Indiana Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Representative Tim
Roemer (D-IN)
<bullet> Berne Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/15/96)
<bullet> Bluffton Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/7/96)
<bullet> Boone County Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/9/96)
<bullet> Carmel Clay Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/15/96)
<bullet> Greater Fort Wayne Chamber of Commerce (IN) (5/10/96)
<bullet> Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce (KS) (10/96)
<bullet> *Paduca Area (KY) Chamber of Commerce (2/17/97)
<bullet> Northern Kentucky Chamber of Commerce (no date)
<bullet> *Greater Lexington (KY) Chamber of Commerce (3/17/97)
<bullet> *Greater Lexington (KY) Chamber of Commerce Policy Position
(3/17/97)
<bullet> Maine Chamber and Business Alliance to Maine Governor Angus
King (4/29/96)
<bullet> *Maine Chamber and Business Alliance (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Maryland Chamber of Commerce (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Hagerstown-Washington County (MD) Chamber of Commerce (3/
8/97)
<bullet> *Cecil County (MD) Chamber of Commerce (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Baltimore County (MD) Chamber of Commerce (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Southern Anne Arundel Chamber of Commerce (MD) (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Michigan Chamber of Commerce to the Michigan Congressional
Delegation (1/24/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Senator Paul
Wellstone (D-MN) (9/2/97). This letter also went to Sen. Grams (R-
MN) and all 8 MN House members.
<bullet> *Minnesota Chamber of Commerce (3/4/97)
<bullet> Missouri Chamber of Commerce to Missouri Governor Mel
Carnahan (4/23/96)
<bullet> *St. Joseph Area Chamber of Commerce (MO) (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce (MO) (no date)
<bullet> *Greater Rochester Metro Chamber of Commerce (NY) to U.S.
Senators Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY) and Alfonse D'Amato (R-NY)
<bullet> *North Carolina Citizens for Business and Industry to U.S
Senator Jesse Helms (R-NC) (2/10/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Citizens for Business and Industry (3/6/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Citizens for Business and Industry
(President and Chairman of the Board) to Erskine Bowles, White
House Chief of Staff (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Greater Durham (NC) Chamber of Commerce (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Greater Durham Chamber of Commerce to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *Greensboro Area Chamber of Commerce (NC) (2/17/97)
<bullet> *Winston-Salem (NC) Chamber of Commerce (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Winston-Salem (NC) Chamber of Commerce to U.S.
Representatives Melvin Watt (D-NC), Cass Ballenger (R-NC), and
Richard Burr (R-NC), and U.S. Senators Jesse Helms (R-NC) and Lauch
Faircloth (R-NC) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Winston-Salem Chamber of Commerce to NC Governor Jim Hunt
(2/13/97)
<bullet> *Eastern North Carolina Chamber of Commerce to the Eastern
NC Congressional Delegation (resolution attached) (4/24/97)
<bullet> *High Point Chamber of Commerce (NC) to U.S. Representative
Mike McIntyre (D-NC) (resolution attached) (5/6/97)
<bullet> North Dakota Chamber of Commerce to North Dakota Governor
Edward Schafer and the ND Congressional Delegation (11/11/96)
<bullet> *Bismarck Chamber of Commerce to the North Dakota
Congressional Delegation (12/18/96)
<bullet> *Greater Cincinnati (OH) Chamber of Commerce (1/31/97)
<bullet> *Morgan County (OH) Chamber of Commerce (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Morgan County (OH) Chamber of Commerce to U.S.
Representatives John Kasich (R-OH) and Robert Ney (R-OH), and U.S.
Senators John Glenn (D-OH) and Michael DeWine (R-OH) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Greater Lawrence County Area (OH) Chamber of Commerce to
U.S. Representative Sherrod Brown (D-OH). Also sent to U.S.
Senators DeWine (R-OH) and Glenn (D-OH), and U.S. Representatives
Kasich (R-OH), Ney (R-OH), and Strickland (2/3/97)
<bullet> Oklahoma State Chamber to Carol Browner (10/23/96)
<bullet> *Oklahoma State Chamber to EPA (PM docket) (2/21/97)
<bullet> *Oklahoma State Chamber to EPA (ozone docket) (2/21/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania Chamber of Commerce (2/13/97)
<bullet> Greater Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Senator
Arlen Specter (R-PA) (10/21/96)
<bullet> Greater Providence Chamber of Commerce (RI) (5/21/96)
<bullet> *Northern RI Chamber of Commerce (2/12/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Chamber of Commerce to U.S. Senators Strom
Thurmond (R-SC) and Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (2/4/97)
<bullet> *Greater Columbia Chamber of Commerce (SC) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Industry and Commerce Association of South Dakota to U.S.
Senator Tom Daschle (D-SD) (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Industry and Commerce Association of South Dakota to U.S.
Senator Tim Johnson (D-SD) (9/2/97)
<bullet> *Hopewell Area--Prince George (VA) Chamber of Commerce (2/
4/97)
<bullet> *Roanoke (VA) Regional Chamber of Commerce (2/6/97)
<bullet> VA Chamber of Commerce (7/17/96)
<bullet> Virginia Chamber of Commerce to Governor George Allen (7/
17/96)
<bullet> *Virginia Chamber of Commerce (1/16/97)
<bullet> West Virginia Chamber of Commerce to West Virginia Governor
Gaston Caperton (5/14/96)
<bullet> Letters/comments from economic development boards
<bullet> *Milledgeville-Baldwin County (GA) Development Authority
(3/10/97)
<bullet> *Albany, Dougherty (GA) Economic Development Commission (3/
11/97)
<bullet> *Commerce Legislative Alliance of St. Joseph County (IN--
econ. dev.) (3/5/97)
<bullet> *Metropolitan Association of Greater Indianapolis
Communities (IN--econ. dev.) to Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon (3/
4/97)
<bullet> *Mason County Economic Development Alliance (MI) (1/31/97)
<bullet> St. Louis (MO) Regional Commerce & Growth Association
(RCGA) to Missouri Governor Mel Carnahan (8/9/96)
<bullet> *Grandview Area Economic Development Council (MO) (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Akron (OH) Regional Development Board to the Northeast
Ohio Areawide Coordinating Agency (1//28/97)
<bullet> *Ohio Regional Office of Economic Development (Vandalia,
OH) (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Southwestern Pennsylvania Growth Alliance (1/13/97)
<bullet> Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation to Rhode
Island Governor Lincoln Almond (5/9/96)
<bullet> *Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation to RI
Governor Lincoln Almond (1/8/97)
<bullet> *Tri-County Alliance (SC-econ. dev. org.) to U.S. Senator
Ernest Hollings (D-SC) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Copperas Cove (TX) Economic Development Corporation
Chairman Russell Love to Vice President Gore (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Copperas Cove (TX) Economic Development Corporation to
U.S. Representative Chet Edwards (D-TX) (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Joint letter from the West Bend Economic Development
Corporation and the Washington County Board of Supervisors (WI) to
EPA (3/7/97)
<bullet> Letters/comments from transportation interests
<bullet> *Letter to President Clinton signed by state transportation
department officials from 21 states (6/25/97)
<bullet> *C.J. Bridges Railroad Contractor, Inc. (FL) (1/19/97)
<bullet> Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) (11/25/96)
<bullet> *Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *GTO Association of America (assoc. of auto enthusiasts) to
Carol Browner (2/5/97)
__________
Letters/comments from truckers
<bullet> American Trucking Associations, Inc. (ATA) (10/15/96)
<bullet> *American Trucking Associations to U.S. Senator Christopher
Bond (R-MO) (2/21/97)
<bullet> *American Trucking Associations, Inc. (ATA) to President
Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> Arizona Motor Transport Association to the Governor of
Arizona (11/18/96)
<bullet> *Arkansas Motor Carriers Association to President Clinton
(6/5/97)
<bullet> Colorado Motor Carriers Association to Colorado Governor
Romer (11/18/96)
<bullet> *Motor Transport Association of Connecticut, Inc. to
Connecticut Governor Rowland (12/6/96)
<bullet> Hawaii Transportation Association to the Governor of Hawaii
(11/18/96)
<bullet> *Indiana Motor Truck Association, Inc. (2/25/97)
<bullet> *Iowa Motor Truck Association to President Clinton (6/13/
97)
<bullet> *Maine Motor Transport Association (2/7/97)
<bullet> *Maryland Motor Coach Association (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Frederick I-70 Truck City (MD) (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Independent Truckers & Drivers Association (MD) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Maryland Motor Truck Association, Inc. (2/14/97)
<bullet> *Massachusetts Motor Transportation Association to
Massachusetts Governor Weld (12/6/96)
<bullet> *D & W Trucking, Inc., (MI) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> Montana Motor Carriers Association to Montana Governor
Raciot (11/18/96)
<bullet> *New Jersey Motor Truck Association to new Jersey Governor
Whitman (12/6/96)
<bullet> New Mexico Motor Carriers' Association to New Mexico
Governor Johnson (11/19/96)
<bullet> *New York State Motor Truck Association (2/12/97)
<bullet> *New York State Motor Truck Association, Inc. to New York
Governor Pataki (12/10/96)
<bullet> *North Carolina Trucking Association to Erskine Bowles,
White House Chief of Staff (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Fabrizi Trucking & Paving Co., Inc. (OH) to President
Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Associated Motor Carriers of Oklahoma, Inc. to U.S.
Senator Inhofe (12/23/96)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania Motor Truck Association (1/22/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania Motor Truck Association to Pennsylvania
Governor Ridge (12/6/96)
<bullet> *Rhode Island Trucking Association, Inc.(2/5/97)
<bullet> *Rhode Island Trucking Association to Rhode Island Governor
Almond (12/6/96)
<bullet> South Carolina Trucking Association (11/4/96)
<bullet> *South Carolina Trucking Association (2/6/97)
<bullet> South Carolina Trucking Association to the South Carolina
Congressional Delegation (11/4/96)
<bullet> Texas Motor Transport Association to the Governor of Texas
(11/18/96)
<bullet> Utah Motor Transport Association to the Governor of Utah
(11/18/96)
<bullet> *Edward A. Miller, Jr. on behalf of the Vermont Truck and
Bus Association (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Vermont Truck and Bus Association (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Trucking Association (3/4/97)
<bullet> Wisconsin Motor Carriers Association (no date)
<bullet> Letters/comments from the automakers
<bullet> American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) (10/
10/96)
<bullet> American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA)
letters to Governors of Missouri and Michigan (5/10/96)
<bullet> *Comments from AAMA on the proposed rule (12/20/96)
<bullet> *General Motors Corporation to Indiana Governor Frank
O'Bannon (2/14/97)
<bullet> *Chrysler Corporation to Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon
(2/14/97)
<bullet> Ford Motor Company to Indiana Governor Bayh (11/25/96)
<bullet> *Ford Motor Company to Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon (2/
13/97)
<bullet> *Pundmann Ford (MO) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Reuther Ford, Mazda (MO) (2/19/97)
<bullet> *Ford Motor Company, Gregory Moreland, Regional Manager
(NY) to Mayor of Buffalo, NY (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Ford Motor Company (TN) to U.S. Representative Bob Clement
(D-TN) (8/11/97)
<bullet> *Texas Automobile Dealers Association to U.S. Senator Phil
Gramm (R-TX) (8/15/97)
<bullet> *Texas Automobile Dealers Association to U.S. Senator Kay
Bailey Hutchison (R-TX) (8/15/97)
<bullet> *Texas Automobile Dealers Association to U.S.
Representative Joe Barton (R-TX) (8/14/97). Letter also went to the
other Texas Delegation members who were H.R. 1984 cosponsors at the
time: Bonilla (R), Combest (R), Granger (R), Hall (D), Ortiz (D),
Sandlin (D), Sessions (R), Stenholm (D), Thornberry (R), Turner
(D).
<bullet> *Texas Automobile Dealers Association to U.S.
Representative Bill Archer (R-TX) (8/14/97). Letter also went to
the other Texas Delegation members who were not H.R. 1984
cosponsors at the time: Johnson (R), Brady (R), Lampson (D),
Doggett (D), Edwards (D), Paul (R), Hinojosa (D), Reyes (D), Lee
(D), Gonzalez (D), Smith (R), DeLay (R), Frost (D), Bentsen (D),
Armey (R), Green (D), Johnson (D).
<bullet> *Wyatt Buick Sales Co. (VA) (3/5/97)
<bullet> Letters from highway user groups and AAA affiliates
<bullet> *Mid-Continent Highway Users Conference resolution (9/3--9/
5/97)
<bullet> *AAA Northern New England (1/13/97)
<bullet> *AAA Mid-Atlantic (3/12/97)
<bullet> *AAA Club South
<bullet> *Highway Users Federation of Delaware (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Highway Users Conference (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Indiana Highway Users Conference (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Indiana AAA to Carol Browner (11/18/96)
<bullet> *Indiana AAA to OMB (11/18/96)
<bullet> *Indiana AAA to the White House (11/18/96)
<bullet> *Maine Better Transportation Association to U.S.
Representative John Baldacci (D-ME) (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Maryland Highway Users Federation (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Highway Users Federation of Michigan to members of the
Michigan House and Senate (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania AAA Federation (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Hospitality & Travel Association (VHTA) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin Highway Users Conference (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin Highways Users Conference to U.S. Representative
Jay Johnson (D-WI) (8/14/97). Same letter went to Reps. Kind,
Petri, Kleczka, Klug, Sensenbrenner, Obey, Barrett, and Neumann.
__________
Letters/comments from the petroleum industry
<bullet> *American Petroleum Institute (3/4/97)
<bullet> *American Petroleum Institute (3/12/97)
<bullet> Petroleum Transportation and Storage Association (11/7/96)
<bullet> Comments from NPRA on the Advanced Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking (8/20/96)
<bullet> *National Petroleum Refiners Association (NPRA) (1/24/97)
<bullet> *National Petroleum Refiners' Association (3/12/97)
<bullet> *National Association of Texaco Wholesalers, Inc. (1/28/97)
<bullet> Alabama Oilmen's Association/Association of Convenience
Stores to Alabama Governor Fob James (5/2/96)
<bullet> *Diesel Equipment Co. (CA) (3/9/97)
<bullet> *Buccaneer Marine, Ltd. (CA-petroleum) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Steven Evans Kirby (CA-petroleum) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Delaware Petroleum Council (1/13/97)
<bullet> Florida Petroleum Marketers & Convenience Store Association
(10/31/96)
<bullet> Florida Equipment Sales (industrial and petroleum) (11/6/
96)
<bullet> McKenzie Petroleum (FL) (11/5/96)
<bullet> Mid-State Energy, Inc. (petroleum) (FL) (11/6/96)
<bullet> Thomas Oil Company (FL) (11/7/96)
<bullet> Pioneer Oil Company (FL) (11/12/96)
<bullet> Lake Oil Company (FL) (11/12/96)
<bullet> Smith Oil Company (FL) (no date, but before rule proposal)
<bullet> *Quality Petroleum Corporation (FL) (1/8/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Petroleum Council (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Association of Petroleum Retailers, Inc. (3/17/97)
<bullet> *Amoco Corporation (Atlanta, GA office) (3/14/97)
<bullet> *Young Refining Corporation (GA) (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Lynch Oil, Inc. (ID) to U.S. Senator Dirk Kempthorne (R-
ID) (3/17/97)
<bullet> Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to Carol Browner
(11/19/96)
<bullet> Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to OMB (11/19/96)
<bullet> Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to the White House
(11/19/96)
<bullet> Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to U.S. Senator
Dan Coats (R-IN) (11/19/96)
<bullet> Indiana Oil Marketers' Association, Inc. to U.S. Senator
Richard Lugar (R-IN) (11/19/96)
<bullet> *Amoco--Whiting refinery to U.S. Senator Richard Lugar (R-
IN) (2/20/97)
<bullet> *Marathon Oil (OH) (2/19/97)
<bullet> *Indiana Petroleum Council to Governor Frank O'Bannon (1/
29/97)
<bullet> *Iowa Petroleum Council (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Oil Marketers Association to Kansas Governor Bill
Graves (2/7/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Oil Marketers Association to all members of the
Kansas Congressional Delegation (2/7/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Oil Marketers Association comments (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Petroleum Council (2/11/97)
<bullet> *National Cooperative Refinery Association (KS--petroleum)
(3/5/97)
<bullet> Kentucky Petroleum Marketers Association (5/6/96)
<bullet> Kentucky Petroleum Marketers Association to Kentucky
Governor Paul Patton (5/7/96)
<bullet> *Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association to U.S.
Senators Mary Landrieu (D-LA) and John Breaux (D-LA) (2/18/97)
<bullet> *Louisiana Mid-Continent Oil and Gas Association (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Maine Petroleum Association (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Maryland Petroleum Council (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Southern Maryland Oil to U.S. Representative Steny Hoyer
(D-MD) (2/4/97)
<bullet> *WMDA (Washington/MD/Delaware Service Station and
Automotive Repair Association) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Mid-Atlantic Petroleum Distributors' Association (MD) (1/
28/97)
<bullet> *Ewing Oil (MD) (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Ewing Oil (MD) to Maryland Governor Parris Glendening (2/
12/97)
<bullet> *Ewing Oil (MD) to U.S Representative Roscoe Bartlett (R-
MD), and U.S. Senators Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) and Paul Sarbanes
(D-MD) (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Service Station Dealers of America and Allied Trades (MD)
(2/7/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota Petroleum Council (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota Petroleum Council to U.S. Rep. Jim Ramstad (R-
MN) (7/31/97). Similar letters also went to U.S. Reps. Oberstar (D-
MN), Minge (D-MN), Luther (D-MN), and Gutknecht (R-MN)
<bullet> *Minnesota Petroleum Council to U.S. Sen. Rod Grams (R-MN)
(8/4/97)
<bullet> *Nebraska Petroleum Council (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Nebraska Petroleum Marketers & Convenience Store
Association (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Johnson & Dix Petroleum Marketers (NH) to NH Senators Judd
Gregg and Bob Smith, and others (1/24/97)
<bullet> *New Hampshire Petroleum Council (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Reid Petroleum Corporation (NY) (2/5/97)
<bullet> North Carolina Petroleum Marketers Association (5/13/96)
<bullet> *Newsom Oil Company, Inc. (NC) to U.S. Representative Eva
Clayton (D-NC) (5/6/97)
<bullet> *Newsom Oil Company, Inc. (NC) to U.S. Representative Bob
Etheridge (D-NC) (5/6/97)
<bullet> *Associated Petroleum Industries of Pennsylvania (1/14/97)
<bullet> *Associated Petroleum Industries of Pennsylvania to U.S.
Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA) (9/5/97)
<bullet> Liberty Oil Company, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Representatives
Timothy Holden (D-PA) and Paul Kanjorski (D-PA) (no date)
<bullet> *DB Companies (RI) (2/20/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Petroleum Marketers Association (2/14/97)
<bullet> South Carolina Petroleum Council to U.S. Senator Ernest
Hollings (D-SC) (5/9/96)
<bullet> *South Carolina Petroleum Council to members of the SC
Congressional Delegation (3/26/97)
<bullet> *Infinger Transportation Company, Inc. (SC-petroleum) too
U.S. Senator Hollings (D-SC) (3/20/97)
<bullet> *Stern Oil Co. Inc. (SD) to Lynn Cutler, Office of
Intergovernmental Affairs (6/3/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota Petroleum Council to U.S. Senator Tim Johnson
(D) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *South Dakota Petroleum Council to U.S. Senator Tom Daschle
(D) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Petroleum Council to Lt. Governor/Speaker of the
Tennessee Senate John Wilder (1/22/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Ed
Bryant (R-TN) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Bob
Clement (D-TN) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Bart
Gordon (D-TN) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Van
Hilleary (R-TN) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Zach
Wamp (R-TN) (8/20/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Gasoline Marketers Council (2/21/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Petroleum Jobbers Association, Inc. (1/9/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Petroleum Council (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Petroleum Council to selected local officials (5/
20/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Frank
Wolf (R-VA) (8/14/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Thomas
Davis (R-VA) (8/14/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Robert
Scott (D-VA) (8/14/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Petroleum Council to U.S. Representative Herbert
Bateman (R-VA) (8/14/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin Petroleum Council (3/11/97)
__________
Letters/comments from the mining and minerals processing industry
<bullet> *China Clay Producers Association, Inc. (GA--mining) (1/31/
97)
<bullet> *Mine & Mill Supply Company (FL) (1/9/97)
<bullet> *JuNo Industries (FL--does business with the phosphate
industry) (1/23/97)
<bullet> *Anderson Mining Corporation (FL) (1/10/97)
<bullet> *Florida Rock Industries, Inc. (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Indiana Coal Council email (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Maryland Coal Association (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Anthracite Industries, Inc. (PA), to Pennsylvania
Congressmen/Senators (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Bradford Coal Co., Inc.(PA) to U.S. Representative Bud
Shuster (R-PA) (1/21/97)
<bullet> *Mine Safety Appliances Company (PA) to U.S. Senator Rick
Santorum (R-PA) (2/4/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Coal Association (3/7/97)
<bullet> Letters/comments from the cast metals industry
<bullet> *Nichols Wire Inc. (AL) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Brown Tank & Steel (AZ) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Steiner Fabrication, Inc. (AZ--cast metals) to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Valley Metal Treating Inc. (CA) to President Clinton (6/
13/97)
<bullet> *Artsons Manufacturing Inc. (CA--cast metals) to President
Clinton (6/27/97)
<bullet> *Pressure Cast Products Corp. (CA) to President Clinton (6/
20/97)
<bullet> *California Cast Metals Assoc. (CA--cast metals) to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *ASC Tubing, Inc. (CA-metals casting) to President Clinton
(6/19/97)
<bullet> *Atlantic Steel Industries, Inc. (GA) (2/28/97)
<bullet> *Macon Iron (GA) (2/28/97)
<bullet> *Metallurgical Processing, Inc. to U.S. Representative Mark
Souder (R-IN) (3/25/97)
<bullet> *Indiana Steel Environmental Group to Indiana Governor
Frank O'Bannon (1/27/97)
<bullet> *Inland Steel Flat Products (IN) to Indiana Department of
Env. Management Commissioner (1/31/97)
<bullet> *I/N Tek and I/N Kote (IN--steel) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Indiana Metal Treating (IN) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Merchants Metals (IN) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Truecast Precision Castings LLC (KY) to President Clinton
(6/5/97)
<bullet> *Dailey Ironworks Inc. (LA) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Metalloy Manufacturing Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/
26/97)
<bullet> *Western Foundry Co., (MI) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Non-Ferrous Cast Alloys, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton
(7/1/97)
<bullet> *Modern Metal Processing, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *GST Steel Company (MO) (1/22/97)
<bullet> *GST Steel Company (MO) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Shamrad Metal Fabricators (MO) (2/28/97)
<bullet> *Shamrad Metal Fabricators (MO) (3/4/97)
<bullet> *Atlas Casting Co., Inc. (MO) to President Clinton (6/24/
97)
<bullet> *Engelhard-Clal (NJ--metals casting) to President Clinton
(6/18/97)
<bullet> *F. W. Winter Inc. & Co. (NJ--metals casting) to President
Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Aluminum Shapes (NJ--metals casting) to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Century Tube Corp. (NJ--cast metals) to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Wormuth Brothers Foundry (NY--cast metals) to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Lamothermic Corp. (NY--cast metals) to President Clinton
(6/19/97)
<bullet> *Funk FineCast, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *American Wire and Cable Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/
11/97)
<bullet> *T & B Foundry Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Blanchester Foundry Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/13/
97)
<bullet> *Lincoln Foundry (PA) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Gupta Permold, Corp. (PA-cast metals) to President Clinton
(6/8/97)
<bullet> *United Foundry Co. Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *All-Lite Metal Co. (PA) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Weatherly Casting & Machine Co. (PA) to President Clinton
(6/2/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania Precision Cast Parts, Inc. (PA) to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Arcos Alloys (PA) to U.S. Representative Paul Kanjorski
(D-PA), and Senators Arlen Specter (R-PA) and Rick Santorum (R-PA)
(2/4/97)
<bullet> *Benton Foundry, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Representatives Paul
Kanjorski (D-PA), Peterson, and Joseph McDade (R-PA) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Bucks Fabricating (PA) to U.S. Rep. English (R-PA), U.S.
Sen. Santorum (R-PA), and U.S. Sen. Specter (R-PA) (1/20/97)
<bullet> *Caparo Steel (PA) to U.S. Representative Phil English (R-
PA) (2/11/97)
<bullet> *FLO BIN Fabricated Metals, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Senator Rick
Santorum (R-PA) (1/21/97)
<bullet> *National Torch Tip Co. (PA--manufactures welding and
cutting devices), to U.S. Representative Mike Doyle (D-PA) (2/11/
97)
<bullet> *Symphony P/M Inc. (RI-metalworking) to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Metallurgical Solutions, Inc. President John O'Meara (RI)
to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Metallurgical Solutions, Inc. VP, Metallurgist Gregory W.
Dexter (RI) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Castex Industries (RI) (and member of the White House
Conference on Small Business) to Clinton, Sen. Bumpers (AR), Sen.
Bond (MO) and the U.S. Small Business Administration (1/20/97)
<bullet> *Kingsport Foundry & Manufacturing Corp. (TN) to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *General Smelting & Refining, Inc. (TN) to President
Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Assured Castings Corp. (TN) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *TexCast, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Alloy Casting (TX) to President Clinton (6/27/97)
<bullet> *Intermountain Precision Casting (UT) to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *KBAlloys, Inc. (WA) to President Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Pentz Design, Inc. (WA-foundry) to President Clinton (6/
10/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin Cast Metals Association (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Wisconsin Cast Metals Association (WI) to President
Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Crown Metal Company Inc. (WI) to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Westwood Aluminum Castings, Inc. (WI) President to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Westwood Aluminum Castings, Inc. (WI) Vice President to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Westwood Aluminum Castings, Inc. (WI) Admin. Manager to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Westwood Aluminum Castings, Inc. (WI) Sales Manager to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> Letters/comments from labor groups
<bullet> *Building and Construction Trades Department Emergency
Action letter (DC) (6/6/97)
<bullet> *International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (DC) to
President Clinton (5/15/97)
<bullet> United Mine Workers of America Resolution (no date)
<bullet> *Eugene Trisko for the United Mine Workers of America
(UMWA) to U.S. Senator James Inhofe (R-OK) (2/28/97)
<bullet> *Laborers' International Union of North America, Midwest
Regional Office (IL) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Illinois Brotherhood of Teamsters Joint Council No. 25 to
President Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> Illinois Brotherhood of Teamsters Joint Council No. 25
resolution (no date)
<bullet> *United Mine Workers of America (Indiana COMPAC) to Indiana
Governor Frank O'Bannon (2/18/97)
<bullet> *United Mine Workers of America (Indiana COMPAC) (3/8/97)
<bullet> *Comments of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) (3/
11/97)
<bullet> *International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Central Region
(Missouri and Kansas) Vice President Phil Young to President
Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *Laborers-Employers Cooperation and Education Trust
(Western Missouri and Kansas district to President Clinton (6/16/
97)
<bullet> *Greater Kansas City Building and Construction Trades
Council, AFL-CIO to Ron Klain (6/26/97)
<bullet> *Bakery, Confectionery and Tobacco Workers International
Union (MD) to President Clinton (5/23/97)
<bullet> *Baltimore, MD International Union of Operating Engineers
to President Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> Baltimore, MD International Union of Operating Engineers
resolution (no date)
<bullet> *Resolution passed by the Michigan State AFL-CIO (5/2/97)
<bullet> *Michigan Teamsters Joint Council No. 43 to President
Clinton (5/7/97)
<bullet> Michigan Teamsters Joint Council No. 43 resolution (no
date)
<bullet> *Dearborn, MI Utility Workers Union of America, AFL-CIO to
President Clinton (5/12/97)
<bullet> *Detroit, MI Service Employees International Union to
President Clinton (5/13/97)
<bullet> *Southfield, MI Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees
Union to President Clinton (5/9/97)
<bullet> *Wayne County, MI Sheriff/Airport Police, Local 502 to
President Clinton (5/9/97)
<bullet> *Montana Pulp and Paperworkers to U.S. Senator Max Baucus
(D-MT) (6/5/97)
<bullet> *General Drivers & Helpers, Local Union No. 554 (NE) to
President Clinton (5/21/97)
<bullet> *Columbiana Mahoning & Trumbull, Ohio UAW to Carol Browner
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Ohio AFL-CIO to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Toledo Area AFL-CIO Council (OH) (5/19/97)
<bullet> *Toledo, OH Port Council to President Clinton (5/28/97)
<bullet> *International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers--Local
Union No. 8 (OH) (2/24/97)
<bullet> *Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers International Union, AFL-
CIO (OH) (resolution-no date)
<bullet> *Washington State Building Construction Trades Council to
President Clinton (5/9/97)
<bullet> *Washington State Building Construction Trades Council to
Alexis Herman, Secretary, U.S. Department of Labor (5/12/97)
<bullet> *Washington State Building Construction Trades Council
resolution (5/29/97)
<bullet> Letters/comments from agricultural interests
<bullet> *20 groups representing agricultural interests to the
Senate Agriculture, Nutrition & Forestry Committee, the Senate
Environment & Public Works Committee, the House Agriculture
Committee, and the House CommerceCommittee (2/24/97)
<bullet> *National Farmer's Union to EPA (3/12/97)
<bullet> Florida Nurserymen and Growers Association (11/4/96)
<bullet> *Gold Kist Inc. (GA--farm cooperative) (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Illinois Agriculture Roundtable to the members of the
Illinois Congressional Delegation (7/28/97)
<bullet> Growmark, Inc. (IL--a regional agricultural supply and
grain marketing cooperative) (no date)
<bullet> *CENEX, Inc. (regional agricultural supply cooperative) (2/
27/97)
<bullet> *Countrymark Cooperative, Inc. (IN--farm cooperative) (3/
10/97)
<bullet> *Grain Processing Corporation (IA) to U.S. Representative
Jim Leach (R-IA) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Maryland Farm Bureau, Inc. (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company (MO) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Syntex Agribusiness, Inc. (MO) (1/24/97)
<bullet> *Bayer Agriculture Division (MO) (2/11/97)
<bullet> *Nebraska Farm Bureau Federation (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Nebraska Farm Bureau Federation (5/30/97)
<bullet> *New Hampshire Farm Bureau Federation (3/11/97)
<bullet> *New York Farm Bureau (2/7/96)
<bullet> *North Carolina Farm Bureau Federation email to Carol
Browner (no date)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania State Grange (1/8/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Farm Bureau Federation (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Tennessee Forage and Grassland Council (1/29/97)
<bullet> *Virginia Agribusiness Council (2/17/97)
<bullet> Virginia Farm Bureau Federation (11/21/96)
<bullet> Letters/comments from bakers
<bullet> *Smith's Bakeries (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Henri's Bakery (GA) to President Clinton (6/14/97)
<bullet> *Lovin Oven Cakery (IL) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Donut Express (MA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *The Bread Basket (MI) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Freedman's Bakery Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Century Bakery (NJ) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Britts Donut Shop (NC) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Brown's Bakery, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Link's Bakery (OH) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *New Horizons Baking Company (OH) to U.S. Representative
Steven LaTourette (R-OH) (2/17/97)
<bullet> *New Bakery Co. of Ohio to U.S. Representative Robert Ney
(R-OH) (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Sno-White Donut Company (OH) to President Clinton (6/19/
97)
<bullet> *Mt. Washington Bakery (OH) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Maiers Inc. (PA-bakery) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *DeRosa Bakery, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Moio's Italian Pastry Shop (PA) to President Clinton (6/5/
97)
<bullet> *Donut Den (TN-bakery) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Great American Cookie, Co. (TN) to ``Whom It May Concern''
(no date)
<bullet> *Erika M. Pepas' bakery (TX) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Poffenbarger's Bakery (VA) to President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> Letters/comments from the food industry
<bullet> Florida Gift Fruit Shippers Association (11/1/96)
<bullet> *Jackson Beverages (GA) (2/28/97)
<bullet> *Universal Foods Corporation (MD) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Seagram Americas (MD) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Hercules Food & Functional Products (MO) (1/21/97)
<bullet> *American Dehydrated Foods, Inc. (MO) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Curry Flour Mills, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Senators Arlen
Specter (R-PA) and Rick Santorum (R-PA), and U.S. Representative
George Gekas (R-PA) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Moyer Packing Company (PA--beef packers) to U.S. Senator
Arlen Specter (R-PA) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Pennsylvania Food Processors Association (3/3/97)
<bullet> *R&H Maxxon, Inc. (SC--Depot Food Stores) (2/5/97)
<bullet> *R&H Maxxon, Inc. (SC-food) to U.S. Senator Ernest Hollings
(D-SC) (3/20/97)
<bullet> Letters/comments from state manufacturing associations
<bullet> *Associated Industries of Kentucky (1/30/97)
<bullet> Associated Industries of Massachusetts (6/3/96)
<bullet> Associated Industries of Massachusetts to Massachusetts'
DEP Commissioner David Struhs (no date, but before rule proposal)
<bullet> *Associated Industries of Massachusetts sent to the
Massachusetts' Congressional Delegation (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Associated Industries of Massachusetts to U.S.
Representative John Joseph Moakley (D-MA) (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Mississippi Manufacturers Association (3/6/97)
<bullet> Associated Industries of Missouri to Missouri Governor Mel
Carnahan (4/12/96)
<bullet> Associated Industries of Vermont to Governor Dean (11/26/
96)
<bullet> Virginia Manufacturers Association to Virginia Secretary of
Natural Resources, Becky Norton Dunlop (7/2/96)
<bullet> Letters/comments from utility interests
<bullet> *American Public Power Association (DC) to John Haines, EPA
(3/24/97)
<bullet> *Flint Electric Membership Corporation (GA) to U.S. Sens.
Max Cleland (D-GA) and Paul Coverdell (R-GA), and U.S. Reps. Jack
Kingston (R-GA), Mac Collins (R-GA), John Lewis (D-GA), and Bob
Barr (R-GA) (3/18/97)
<bullet> *Southern Indiana Gas And Electric Company (SIGECO) to the
Indiana Congressional Delegation (12/3/96)
<bullet> *Southern Indiana Gas And Electric Company (SIGECO) to the
Indiana Congressional Delegation (4/16/97)
<bullet> *Southern Indiana Gas And Electric Company (SIGECO) to
Governor O'Bannon (2/21/97)
<bullet> *Southern Indiana Gas And Electric Company (SIGECO) to
President Clinton (1/29/97)
<bullet> *Muscatine Power and Water (IA) (2/21/97)
<bullet> *Western Resources (KS--utility) (1/16/97)
<bullet> *Hopkinsville Electric System (KY) to U.S. Senator Wendell
Ford (D-KY) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Hopkinsville Electric System (KY) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *St. Joseph Light & Power Company (MO) (1/20/97)
<bullet> *The Empire District Electric Company (MO) (2/11/97)
<bullet> *Associated Electric Cooperative, Inc. (MO) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Auburn (NE) Board of Public Works (Utility) General
Manager James P. Dietz to U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey (D-NE) (9/10/97)
<bullet> *Duke Power (NC) to U.S. Representative Richard Burr (R-NC)
(1/28/97)
<bullet> *North Carolina Association of Electric Cooperatives, Inc.
to North Carolina Gov. Hunt (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Ohio Electric Utility Institute (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Ohio Municipal Electric Association to the Ohio
Congressional Delegation (1/29/97)
<bullet> *Michigan Electric and Gas Association to U.S.
Representative James Barcia (D-MI) (2/28/97)
<bullet> *Sam Rayburn Municipal Power Agency (TX) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Menasha Utilities (WI) (3/5/97)
<bullet> Letters/comments from chemicals interests
<bullet> *Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Chemical Industry Council of Delaware (1/13/97)
<bullet> Florida Manufacturing and Chemical Council, Inc. (11/12/96)
<bullet> *Melamine Chemicals Inc. (LA) to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Manufacturers and Chemical Industry Council of North
Carolina (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Occidental Chemical Corporation (NC) to U.S. Senator Jesse
Helms (R-NC) (4/28/97). Same letter also went to U.S. Senator Lauch
Faircloth (R-NC) and U.S. Representative Mike McIntyre (D-NC).
<bullet> Sterling Chemicals to U.S. Sens. Phil Gramm (R-TX), Kay
Bailey Hutchison (R-TX), Governor George W. Bush (R-TX), U.S. Reps.
Joe Barton (R-TX), Bill Archer (R-TX), Nick Lampson (D-TX), Ron
Paul (R-TX), Tom DeLay (R-TX), Dick Army (R-TX), and Gene Green (D-
TX)
<bullet> *Virginia Chemical Manufacturers' Association prepared by
W. Thomas Hudson & Associates, Inc. (3/7/97)
<bullet> Letters/comments from natural resources interests
<bullet> Florida Forestry Association (11/15/96)
<bullet> *Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies
(FL) (12/5/96)
<bullet> Letters/comments from other businesses/industry groups
<bullet> Ray Distributing Company (FL) (11/5/96)
<bullet> Greater Houston Partnership (10/8/96)
<bullet> Illinois Retail Merchants Association (10/25/96)
<bullet> Tenneco Packaging (GA) (11/15/96)
<bullet> South Dakota Retailers Association (11/21/96)
<bullet> *South Dakota Retailers Association to U.S. Senator Tim
Johnson (D-SD) (8/26/97)
<bullet> Indiana Manufactured Housing Association--Recreation
Vehicle Indiana Council (11/11/96)
<bullet> *Indiana Manufactured Housing Association Recreation
Vehicle Indiana Council, Inc. to Indiana Governor Frank O'Bannon
(2/28/97)
<bullet> *Fridrich & Clark Realty (TN) (1/27/97)
<bullet> *Vermont Ski Areas Association (1/13/97)
<bullet> *Whirlpool Corporation (MI) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) New
York (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Hasbro (RI) (3/6/97)
<bullet> Associated Petroleum Industries of Michigan, Michigan
Manufacturers Assn., Michigan Chamber of Commerce, Michigan Oil and
Gas Assn., Michigan Chemical Council, and the National Federation
of Independent Business to Michigan Governor John Engler (4/15/96)
<bullet> *Several Texas business and industry groups to the Texas
Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC) (1/10/97)
<bullet> *Texas division of Citizens for a Sound Economy to the
Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission (TNRCC) (1/10/97)
<bullet> *Robertshaw Controls Company (PA) to U.S. Representative
Frank Mascara (D-PA) (1/25/97)
<bullet> *Red Hill Grinding Wheel Corporation (PA) to U.S
Representative Paul McHale (D-PA) (1/20/97)
<bullet> *Surco Products, Inc. (PA--odor control) to Pennsylvania
state Senators Bodack, Habay, and Ridge (1/23/97)
<bullet> *Ohio Air Quality Standards Coalition to Governor Voinovich
(2/7/97)
<bullet> *Gow-Mac Instrument Co. (PA) to U.S. Senator Arlen Specter
(R-PA) and U.S. Representative Paul McHale (D-PA) (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Acme Wire Products Inc. (PA) to U.S. Representative Jon
Fox (R-PA) (2/10/97)
<bullet> *Weave Corporation (PA) to U.S. Senators Arlen Specter (R-
PA) and Rick Santorum (R-PA), and U.S. Representatives Tim Holden
(D-PA) and Joseph Pitts (R-PA) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *R.E. Uptegraff Manufacturing Co. (PA) to U.S. Senator Rick
Santorum (R-PA) (2/4/97)
<bullet> *Grinnell (PA) to U.S. Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA) (1/20/
97)
<bullet> *Cyklop (PA) to U.S. Representatives Joseph Pitts (R-PA)
and Curt Weldon (R-PA) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Rigidply Rafters, Inc. (PA) to U.S. Representative George
Gekas (R-PA) (2/4/97)
<bullet> *C-B Tool Co. (PA) to U.S. Senators Arlen Specter (R-PA)
and Rick Santorum (R-PA), and U.S. Representative Joseph Pitts (2/
5/97)
<bullet> *Air-Scent International (PA--env. air fresheners) to
Pennsylvania state Representative Jeffrey Habay (1/23/97)
<bullet> *SMC Business Councils (PA--small business) to U.S. Senator
Arlen Specter (R-PA) (2/14/97)
<bullet> *Legislative Clean Air Policy Committee (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Clean Air Group (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Clean Air Group to U.S. Senator Max Cleland (D-GA)
(3/20/97)
<bullet> *Minnesota Environmental Coalition of Labor and Industry
(3/3/97)
<bullet> *NC Association of Financial Institutions (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Connecticut Business & Industry Association (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Connecticut Business & Industry Association to U.S.
Senator Chris Dodd (D-CT) (6/2/97) Same letter sent to all members
of the CT Congressional Delegation.
<bullet> *American Council on Science and Health (3/7/97)
<bullet> *New Jersey Air Quality Standards Coalition (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Associated General Contractors of America (New York State
Chapter) (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Associated General Contractors of America, New York State
Chapter, Inc. to U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D-NY) (5/30/
97)
<bullet> *Associated General Contractors of America, New York State
Chapter, Inc. to U.S. Senator Alfonse D'Amato (R-NY) (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Associated Constructors of Maine, Inc. (2/18/97)
<bullet> *Construction Industries of Rhode Island (3/10/97)
<bullet> *National Federation of Independent Business--Virginia
Chapter (3/24/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Economic Developers Association, Inc. (2/28/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Industry Association (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Georgia Textile Manufacturers Association, Inc.
<bullet> *ASR Manufacturing Company (GA) (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Carr & Associates (GA) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Cushman & Wakefield (GA) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Dublin Construction Co., Inc. (GA) (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Engelhard Corporation (GA) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Fabritex, Inc. (GA) (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Futren Corporation (GA) (3/3/97)
<bullet> *Horton Homes, Inc. (GA) (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Huron Tech Corp (GA) (2/27/97)
<bullet> *J.L. Todd Auction Company (GA) (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Macgregor Associates Architects (GA) (3/13/97)
<bullet> *Law firm representing the City of Toccoa, GA and a number
of businesses in Stephens County (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Reddick Construction Company (GA) (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Richport Properties (GA) (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Sandersville Railroad ? (GA) (2/7/97)
<bullet> *Sanford Rose Associates--Atlanta North (GA) (2/28/97)
<bullet> *Synovus Financial Corp. (2/27/97)
<bullet> *T. Eleanor Davis, Inc. (GA) (no date)
<bullet> *Wilheit Packaging Materials Company (GA) (2/26/97)
<bullet> *Yancy Bros. Co. (GA) (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Competitive Enterprise Institute (Washington, DC) (3/12/
97)
<bullet> *Ernst & Young (MO) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Leak-Goforth Company (NC--econ. development consultants)
to U.S. Representative Howard Coble (R-NC) (4/4/97)
<bullet> *Leak-Goforth Company LLC to U.S. Representative Cass
Ballenger (R-NC) (4/4/97)
<bullet> *Center Management Corporation (IN) to U.S. Representative
Tim Roemer (D-IN) (2/27/97)
<bullet> *Missouri NAAQS Coalition to U.S. Senator Ashcroft (R-MO)
(4/10/97)
<bullet> *Missouri NAAQS Coalition to U.S. Senator Kit Bond (R-MO)
(4/10/97)
<bullet> *Bill Pfeiffer (concerned citizen--MO) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Commercial Lithographing Co. (MO) (2/3/97)
<bullet> *Wabash Fibre Box Company (MO) (1/23/97)
<bullet> *Peterson Manufacturing Company (MO) (1/21/97)
<bullet> *Prime Tanning Corporation (MO) (1/17/97)
<bullet> *Chester P. Gunn (MO) (1/24/97)
<bullet> *Bary Marquardt (KS) (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Neff Printing, Inc. (KS) (2/6/97)
<bullet> *Stouse Sign & Decal, Inc. (KS) (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Spangler Printers (KS) (1/22/97)
<bullet> *Burd Fletcher (MO) (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Sweetheart Cup Company, Inc. (MO) (2/11/97)
<bullet> *Crest Mobil Home Court (MO) (2/14/97)
<bullet> *Pundmann Family Real Estate Company (MO) (2/17/97)
<bullet> *Larkin Associates, Consulting Engineers, Inc. (MO) (1/24/
97)
<bullet> *Lyle Van Vleet (KS) (1/24/97)
<bullet> *James L. Fletcher, Jr., M.D. (MO) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Jesco Resources, Inc. (MO) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Mid America Dental, Hearing & Vision Center of Mt. Vernon,
MO (1/29/97)
<bullet> *Joseph Crenshaw (MO) (2/12/97)
<bullet> *Jim Seamon (MO--concerned citizen) (2/8/97)
<bullet> *American Society of Civil Engineers (MD) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Printing Industries of Maryland (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Greater Baltimore Committee (MD) (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Maryland Highway Contractors Association (3/12/97)
<bullet> *National Federation of Independent Business--Maryland (no
date)
<bullet> *Maryland Aggregates Association, Inc. (MD) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Edward Looker, Concerned Citizen (MD) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Marine Trades Association of Maryland, Inc. (2/17/97)
<bullet> *Campbell House Inn, Suites, and Golf Club (KY) (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Campbell House Inn, Suites, and Golf Club (KY) to U.S.
Senator Wendell Ford (D-KY) (2/5/97)
<bullet> *Partnership for Environmental Progress (IL) to Sally
Katzen, OMB (4/17/97)
<bullet> *Partnership for Environmental Progress (IL) to Dr. Laura
D'Andrea Tyson, the White House (4/17/97)
<bullet> *John Maxwell (NJ--concerned citizen) to Mary Nichols (3/
12/97)
<bullet> *Vincent D. Brown (NE-concerned citizen) (3/7/97)
<bullet> *Vincent D. Brown (NE-attorney) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Barbara Lampe (NE-concerned citizen) (3/5/97)
<bullet> *Carol Nash-Drain (NE-concerned citizen) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *David Klas, Tenneco Packaging (NY) to U.S. Senator Daniel
Patrick Moynihan (D-NY) (3/25/97)
<bullet> *David Klas, Tenneco Packaging (NY) to U.S. Senator Alfonse
D'Amato (R-NY) (3/25/97)
<bullet> *David Klas, Tenneco Packaging (NY) to U.S. Representative
Bill Paxon (R-NY) (3/25/97)
<bullet> *Anthony Searing, Tenneco Packaging (NY) to U.S.
Representative John McHugh (R-NY) (3/27/97). Same letter went to
U.S. Sens. Alfonse D'Amato and Daniel Patrick Moynihan
<bullet> *New York Coalition for Clean Air Standards to U.S.
Representative James Walsh (R-NY) (4/4/97)
<bullet> *Empire State Marine Trades Association (NY) (2/7/97)
<bullet> *Bryce Harthoorn, Deere & Company (IA) (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Ralph Grotelueschen, Deere & Company (IA) (3/12/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Textile Manufacturers' Association (3/6/97)
<bullet> *South Carolina Asphalt Pavement Association (3/10/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to Governor Bill Graves (2/
13/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to Kansas legislators on NCSL
Environment Committee (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Senator Pat Roberts
(R-KS) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Senator Sam Brownback
(R-KS) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Representative Jerry
Moran (R-KS) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Representative Jim
Ryun (R-KS) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Representative Vince
Snowbarger (R-KS) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Kansas Air Quality Coalition to U.S. Representative Todd
Tiahrt (R-KS) (2/13/97)
<bullet> *Joan Gilbert (ME-concerned citizen) (3/6/97)
<bullet> *Asphalt Paving Association of Iowa (3/12/97)
<bullet> *Iowa Association of Business and Industry (2/14/97)
<bullet> *The Fulton Group (TN--former mayor of Nashville) (no date)
<bullet> *Joint letter from 29 associations representing small
businesses to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to EPA (2/14/97)
<bullet> *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to U.S. Senator Jesse Helms
(R-NC) (3/17/97)
<bullet> *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to U.S. Senator Lauch
Faircloth (R-NC) (3/17/97)
<bullet> *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to U.S. Representative
Richard Burr (R-NC) (3/17/97)
<bullet> *R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company to NC Governor Jim Hunt (D)
(3/17/97)
<bullet> *Rohm and Haas Company (NC) to U.S. Senator Lauch Faircloth
(R-NC) (4/29/97). Same letter also went to U.S. Sen. Jesse Helms
(R-NC) and U.S. Rep. Sue Myrick (R-NC).
<bullet> *Allied Signal Fibers (NC) to U.S. Representative David
Price (D-NC) (5/9/97)
<bullet> *Richard Sweetman to Kathleen McGinty, Council on
Environmental Quality (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Richard Sweetman to Sally Katzen, OMB (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Joe Turnham, Chairman Alabama Democratic Party to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Arizona Corporation Commission Chair, Carl Kunasek to
President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Martin Luther King, III (GA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Parkway Corporation (PA) to Edward Rendell, Mayor of
Philadelphia (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Hooker Furniture Corporation (VA) to U.S. Representative
Virgil Goode (D-VA) (2/19/97)
<bullet> *Illinois Environmental Regulatory Group to EPA (3/11/97)
<bullet> *Industrial Development Authority of Kansas City (MO)
President Jane Kieffer to U.S. Representative Karen McCarthy (D-MO)
(8/25/97)
<bullet> *President, National Baptist Convention (FL) to President
Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Republic Container Company (WV) President/CEO Jon Amores
to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *The Biscuit and Cracker Manufacturers' Association to all
House Agriculture Committee members, all House Commerce Committee
members, all Senate Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee
members, and all Senate Environment and Public Works Committee
members (9/4/97)
<bullet> *Letter signed by 11 business and industry trade
associations to U.S. Senator Tom Harkin (D-IA) (9/9/97).
Signatories include: Iowa Farm Bureau Federation, Iowa Petroleum
Council, Iowa Bankers Association, Iowa Retail Federation, Iowa
Utility Association, Iowa Association of Municipal Utilities, Iowa
Good Roads Association, Inc., Iowa Association of Business
Industry, Iowa Limestone Producers Association, Inc., Iowa
Association of Electric Cooperatives, and Asphalt Paving
Association of Iowa.
<bullet> *Illinois Municipal League resolution (9/11--9/14/97)
<bullet> *McGregor (TX) citizen Bob Melton to President Clinton (6/
5/97)
<bullet> *McGregor (TX) citizen Bob Melton to Vice President Gore
(6/5/97)
<bullet> *McGregor (TX) citizen Bob Melton to U.S. Representative
Chet Edwards (D-TX) (5/30/97)
<bullet> *McGregor (TX) citizen Bob Melton to U.S. Representative
Lloyd Doggett (D-TX) (5/30/97)
<bullet> *President Elect, NABCO (DC) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Texas State Democratic Committee member Ruth L. Wyrick to
President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Pharr (TX) Chairman of the Southwest Voter Registration
and Education Project Juan J. Maldondo to President Clinton (6/16/
97)
<bullet> *McGinley Mills Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Oxford Instruments Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (6/18/
97)
<bullet> *Valley Brook Machine Tool Co. Inc. (NJ) to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Lisa Industries, Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Double O Mfg., Inc. (NJ) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Somerset Wood Products Co.(NJ) to President Clinton (6/18/
97)
<bullet> *Krisanna Construction, Inc. ( NJ) to President Clinton (6/
16/97)
<bullet> *Smith and Aquirre Construction Co, Inc. (NM) to President
Clinton
<bullet> *HSFS Industries (NY) Inc. to President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Ben Mer Manufacturing Inc. (NY) to President Clinton (6/
13/97)
<bullet> *Precision Molding & Millwork (NY) to President Clinton (6/
12/97)
<bullet> *Rainbow Ribbons and Fabrics Inc. (NY) to President Clinton
(6/13/97)
<bullet> *IMC (Industrial Management Council) Services (NY) to State
Representative Erskine Bowles (6/25/97). Similar letter went to
Clinton, appropriate staff and cabinet officials.
<bullet> *U. C. Millwork (NY) to President Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *GRC (NY) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Intercontinental Polymers, Inc. (NC) to President Clinton
(6/24/97)
<bullet> *Charles D. Roberts Company (NC) to President Clinton (6/
15/97)
<bullet> *Perry's Frame Shop, Inc. (NC) to President Clinton (6/19/
97)
<bullet> *Tim Smith (NC) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Myers Carving & Sanding Co., Inc. (NC) to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *McDonald Grading Company, Inc. (NC) to President Clinton
(6/18/97)
<bullet> *Cecil--Johnson MFG. (NC) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Edward B. Seguin, Jr. (citizen--OH) to President Clinton
(6/30/97)
<bullet> *Cincinnati Woodworks, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/
18/97)
<bullet> *Architectural Wood Products (OH) to President Clinton (6/
12/97)
<bullet> *Abbott Assembly, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *The Velotta Company (OH--highway construction) to
President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Smith-Wheeler Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Tru-Line Manufacturing (AL) Quality Manager R.B. Fiske to
President Clinton (7/10/97)
<bullet> *Tru-Line Manufacturing (AL) Quality Spec. Geoff Haney to
President Clinton (7/9/97)
<bullet> *White Fab Inc. (AL) President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Arizona Custom Millwork & Contracting (AZ) to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Arizona Chapter Associated General Contractors (AZ) to
President Clinton (6/24/97)
<bullet> *Marchand Co. of Arizona (AZ) to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Construction 70 Inc. (AZ) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Pima Paving Inc. (AZ) to President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Hunter Contracting (AZ) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Garner Heat Treat (CA) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *C. Beecham Co. (CA) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *FCI Constructors, LLP (CA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Eezer Products (CA--plastics) to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *C & S Door and Trim, Inc. (CA) to President Clinton (6/17/
97)
<bullet> *Homefix Inc. (CA) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Banks Construction Company, Inc. (CA) to President Clinton
(6/18/97)
<bullet> *Industrial Weed Control (CA) to President Clinton (6/1/97)
<bullet> *Eagle Claw Quality Fishing Tackle (CO) to Lynn Cutler (6/
11/97)
<bullet> *Kendo, Inc. to President Clinton (7/2/97)
<bullet> *De Sio Inc. (CT) to President Clinton (7/6/97)
<bullet> *Conway Hardwood Products (CT) to President Clinton (6/24/
97)
<bullet> *HMT Hooven Metal Treating, Inc. (CT) to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Blakeslee Arpaia Chapman Inc. (CT) to President Clinton
(6/19/97)
<bullet> *Nelson Heat Treating Co., Inc. (CT) to President Clinton
(6/19/97)
<bullet> *PTFE Compounds, Inc. (DE--plastics) to President Clinton
(6/5/97)
<bullet> *Industrial Metal Treating Corp. (DE) to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Culpepper Lumber Co., Inc. (GA) to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Walker & Walker Co. (GA) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Southern Asphalt (GA) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Cherry Lists (GA) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Montgomery Contracting Co. (GA) to President Clinton (5/
30/97)
<bullet> *Futura Co. (GA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Gossen Corp. (GA) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Yuenger Wood Moulding, Inc. to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Reese Construction Co. (IL) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *John Sterling Corp. (IL) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *W. H. Maze Nails Inc. (IL) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Station Eight, Inc. (IL) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Applied Thermal Technologies (IN) to President Clinton (6/
12/97)
<bullet> *Nampa Paving & Asphalt Co., (ID) to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Sheilen Industries, Inc. (IN) to President Clinton (6/18/
97)
<bullet> *J.H Rudolph & Co. (IN) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *E.E. & E Industries Inc. (IA) to President Clinton (6/24/
97)
<bullet> *Andrews Asphalt & Construction, Inc. (KS) to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Heartstone, Inc. (KS) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Judy Co., Engineers & Contractors (KS) to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *TA Millwork (KS) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *WSI Wood Specialties Inc. (KS) to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Shelby Industries (KY) to Lynn Cutler (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Shelby Industries to Sally Katzen (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Alvey Co., (KY) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Diefenthal Investments LLC (LA) to President Clinton (6/
10/97)
<bullet> *Western Stress (LA) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Richard Price Contracting Co. Inc. (LA) to President
Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Marine Industrial Contractors Inc. (LA) to President
Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Highland Cabinets & Millworks, Inc. (LA) to President
Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Leo Lebourgeois (LA) to President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *General Marine Construction Corp. (ME) to President
Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Russell Paving Co., (MD) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *Precision Form (MD) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Vintage Lumber (MD) to President Clinton (6/8/97)
<bullet> *Clendenin Brothers Inc. (MD) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Advanced Tool & Mfg., Co.(MD) to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *AmTote International Inc. (MD) to President Clinton (6/9/
97)
<bullet> *Metals Service, Inc. (MD) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Cosmec XL (MA) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *Henry Perkins Co., (MA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Palmer Paving Corp. (MA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Dyecraftsmen, Inc., (MA) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *National Cord & Braid Corp. (MA) to President Clinton (6/
19/97)
<bullet> *Daiek Woodworks (MI) to President Clinton (6/14/97)
<bullet> *Ad-Tech Plastic Systems Corp. (MI) to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Atmosphere Annealing, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/
23/97)
<bullet> *Milbocker & Sons, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Ajax Paving Industries Inc., (MI) Chairman. to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Ajax Paving Industries Inc. (MI) President to President
Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Harbor Black Oxide, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/25/
97)
<bullet> *Applied Process, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (5/30/97)
<bullet> *Great Lake Woods, Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Henry H. Smith & Co. (MI) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Process Prototype Inc. (MI) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Automated Building Components, Inc. (MN) to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Building Material Wholesalers, Inc. (MN) to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *CMIC Construction Mortgage Investors Co. (MN) to President
Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Lyman Development Co. (MN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Mid-America Cedar (MN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Keystone Report (MN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Hitchiner Manufacturing Co. Inc.(MO) to President Clinton
(6/20/97)
<bullet> *Earthmovers, Inc. (MS) to President Clinton ( no date)
<bullet> *Regal Plastic Supply Co. (NE) to President Clinton (6/23/
97)
<bullet> *Flinn Paving Co., Inc. (NE) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Integrity Hardwoods Inc.(NE) to President Clinton (6/13/
97)
<bullet> *Peavine Construction, Inc. (NV) to President Clinton (6/
20/97)
<bullet> *Nevada Hydrocarbon, Inc. to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Anthony Galluzzo Corp. (NH) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Chamberlain Companies, Inc. (NH) to President Clinton (6/
13/97)
<bullet> *G.A. Avril Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Northwestern Ohio Building & Construction Trades (OH) to
President Clinton (6/17/97)
<bullet> *Pemjay, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Landscaping & Reclamation Specialists, Inc. (OH) to
President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Morris Bean & Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Zircoa Co. (OH) to President Clinton (6/6/97)
<bullet> *Delta Railroad Construction, Inc. (OH) to President
Clinton (7/7/97)
<bullet> *Kool Seal, Inc. (OH) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Gemini Coatings, Inc.(OK) to President Clinton (6/20/97)
<bullet> *Gemini Coatings, Inc. (OK) to Lynn Cutler (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Toth Lane Clearing (PA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *MP of Easton (PA) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *CMI Tech Cast, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (no date)
<bullet> *JMG Excavating Co. Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/23/
97)
<bullet> *Milestone Materials, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/11/
97)
<bullet> *E.J. Breneman, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/4/97)
<bullet> *Center Manufacturing, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/
18/97)
<bullet> *Bird-in-Hand Woodworks, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/
2/97)
<bullet> *Latrobe Construction Co. (PA) to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Stanwood Mills, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *PRL, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Portec (PA) to President Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *Ranbar Technology, Inc. (PA) to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *King Asphalt, Inc. (SC) to President Clinton (6/16/97)
<bullet> *Pickens Construction, Inc. (SC) to President Clinton (6/
23/97)
<bullet> *Superior Bands, Inc. (SC) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Sloan Construction (SC) to President Clinton (6/25/97)
<bullet> *Steve Ward & Associates, Inc. (TN) to President Clinton
(6/9/97)
<bullet> *Loudon Hickory Products, Inc. (TN) to President Clinton
(6/26/97)
<bullet> *Carolina Commercial Heat Treating (TN) to President
Clinton (6/23/97)
<bullet> *Plant Maintenance Service Corp. (TN) to President Clinton
(6/10/97)
<bullet> *Sudberry Millwork, Inc. (TN) to President Clinton (6/23/
97)
<bullet> *Ford Construction Co. (TN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Keay Construction, LLC (TN) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *LaMontagne Wood Furnishings (TN) to President Clinton (no
date)
<bullet> *Memphis Stone and Gravel Co. (TN) to President Clinton (6/
18/97)
<bullet> *Lehman-Roberts Co. (TN) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Cox Fence Fittings, Co. (TX) to President Clinton (6/25/
97)
<bullet> *Quality Heat Treat, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/9/
97)
<bullet> *Lowman Land Clearing, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/
18/97)
<bullet> *J-N Construction Co., (TX) to President Clinton (6/3/97)
<bullet> *Wm. B. Schieffer Studio (TX--wood carving) to President
Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *ABC (TX) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Paramount Liquid Seal (TX) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Russell & Sons Construction Co. (TX) to President Clinton
(6/6/97)
<bullet> *Houston Flame Hardening Co. (TX) to President Clinton (6/
25/97)
<bullet> *O'Hair Shutters, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/13/97)
<bullet> *DMV Stainless USA, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/16/
97)
<bullet> *Techemet, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton ( no date )
<bullet> *Roadway Construction, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/
25/97)
<bullet> *Megatrend Designs, Inc. (TX) to President Clinton (6/10/
97)
<bullet> *Western Quality Concrete, Inc. (UT) to President Clinton
(6/18/97)
<bullet> *Triplett Lumber Co., Inc. (VA) to President Clinton (6/16/
97)
<bullet> *Interior Building Systems Corp. (VA) to President Clinton
(6/17/97)
<bullet> *Dan River, Inc. (VA) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Salem Frame Co. (VA--wood) to President Clinton ( no date)
<bullet> *Phil R. Hobbs & Son, Inc. (VA) to President Clinton (6/24/
97)
<bullet> *Wintech, Inc. (WA) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Air-Tite Mfg. Inc. (WA) to President Clinton (6/19/97)
<bullet> *Kimberly Industries (WV) to President Clinton (6/12/97)
<bullet> *Wilson Construction Co.(WV) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Plastomeric Inc. (WI) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *Lyman Lumber Co. (WI) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Rice Enterprises (WY) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Precious Metals Plus (NY) to President Clinton (6/18/97)
<bullet> *Protectnical Manufacturers (AL) to President Clinton (6/
26/97)
<bullet> *Lampros, Inc. (CA) to President Clinton (6/11/97)
<bullet> *C.C. Johnson Co. (VA) to President Clinton (6/10/97)
<bullet> *Jack Webb (CA--citizen) to President Clinton (6/9/97)
<bullet> *Theodore J. Rapallo (GA--citizen) to President Clinton (6/
25/97)
<bullet> *Fred Evens (IL--citizen) to President Clinton (6/2/97)
<bullet> *Victor M. Perez (TX--citizen) to President Clinton (6/19/
97)
<bullet> *Virginia Smith (state unknown--citizen) to President
Clinton (6/5/97)
<bullet> *John J. Surinak (WI--citizen) to President Clinton (6/20/
97)
<bullet> *Mead Publishing Paper Division to U.S. Representative Bart
Stupak (D-MI) (9/25/97)
<bullet> *Lignite Energy Council President to U.S. Representative
Earl Pomeroy (D-ND) (9/26/97)
<bullet> *Lignite Energy Council President to U.S. Senator Kent
Conrad (D-ND) (9/26/97)
<bullet> Other
<bullet> Article in FYI, ALEC's newsletter (5/8/96)
<bullet> *ALEC ``Action Alert'' (solicits comments from members) (3/
10/97)
<bullet> Conference report from the VA-HUD appropriations bill (9/
23/96)
<bullet> AAA press release (3/31/97)
<bullet> Updated October 17, 1997
* An asterisk indicates letters sent or resolutions passed after
EPA proposed the NAAQS rules.
__________
Statement of Jim Martin, Vice President, Martin's Famous Pastry Shoppe,
Inc.
Good day and thank you for the opportunity to be here. I am Jim
Martin, an owner of Martin's Famous Pastry Shoppe, Inc. We have
bakeries in Chambersburg and Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. Ours is a
family business started in 1955 by my parents--perhaps you have seen
our ``Martin's Famous Potato Rolls'' in the grocery store bread aisle.
Today I am speaking for myself and for the members of the American
Bakers Association. The American Bakers Association represents 80
percent of the wholesale baking business which includes small
businesses like ours and the companies with national brand names that
you may know. Bakeries are captured by the Clean Air Act because the
natural process of yeast fermentation used to make bread and rolls
produces ethanol, an alcohol, which is considered a volatile organic
compound (VOC). Ethanol from bakeries is nontoxic and low reactive,
probably eaten by bacteria in the atmosphere.
The American Bakers Association strongly supports S.1084. This bill
will ensure that sound science and good planning have the time to
develop before costly and potentially inappropriate controls are
required. The baking industry has already spent $28 million to comply
with existing requirements. We estimate that the baking industry will
spend $236 million to implement the new standard. The equipment to
control bread aroma from a bakery costs about $500,000 to install and
costs between $35,000 and $100,000 each year to operate. That is about
$12,000 per ton of VOC controlled, not the $1400 per ton estimated by
the US EPA.
The American Bakers Association has worked with the bakers in each
state and with the state officials to develop reasonable rules to bring
the states and industry into compliance. The states have worked hard to
implement the Clean Air Act under demanding and often changing EPA
policies. We offer our compliments to Pennsylvania and many of the
other states where hard work has put the most cost-effective control
requirements in place. However, state officials are struggling to
further reduce emissions and are being forced to look at smaller and
smaller sources, that is, small businesses.
Bakeries are low volume, low profit margin businesses. Let me give
you an example of how a small baker might be affected by control
requirements. Imagine Joe's Bakery in your state. Joe is operating the
white bread bakery he inherited from his father. The bakery has been in
business for 80 years with a profit margin of 1.7 percent. His bakery,
like others, is labor intensive, providing jobs at a relatively high
pay rate and supporting many families in the neighborhood. No one is
getting rich but everyone is being paid and the local area has good
tasting fresh bread. His potential emissions of ethanol trigger control
requirements. Joe goes to his bank and asks for a loan for the $500,000
to install controls and cut his profit margin by 24 percent. The bank
denies his request, which is good business practice for the bank. If he
can find a buyer, he can sell his bakery or Joe can close. Sadly, some
bakeries have closed during the implementation of the current standard.
Now let me share with you the situation at our bakeries. We emit
enough ethanol to trigger control requirements. Stack testing,
permitting, engineering reports, communication, and costs associated
with investigating new technology have exceeded $250,000 to date at our
bakeries. Our engineers calculate that adding a control device will
increase our production energy consumption by 50 percent per package of
rolls. However, rather than purchase the control equipment we have
chosen to limit our production and the growth of our business. This
means our ability to serve the region with the maximum variety of
product or to respond quickly to changes in consumer taste and demand
is limited. This is not my understanding of free enterprise. And I've
wondered, is less bread on the table a good trade for no measurable
improvement in air quality?
I and the bakers I represent urge you to pass S. 1084 to make clear
legal statements about the funding of the research and science and the
timing of the implementation of the air quality standard. Please help
us do the right thing to protect our air quality and the earth!
Thank you for this opportunity to speak. I will be glad to answer
any questions.
______
The Honorable James M. Inhofe, Chairman,
Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property Nuclear Safety,
Committee on Environment Public Works,
United States Senate,
Washington, DC 20510-6175.
Submitted for the Subcommittee Hearing Record on S. 1084, October
22, 1997
Dear Mr. Chair: I am Jim Martin, an owner of Martin's Famous Pastry
Shoppe, Inc. We have bakeries in Chambersburg and Shippensburg,
Pennsylvania. I am writing in support of S. 1084, the Ozone and
Particulate Matter Research Act of 1997.
Our bakeries release ethanol from the yeast fermentation of rolls.
To put the amount of ethanol we release into perspective, I learned,
through discussion with Pennsylvania based medical professionals, that
if less than one percent of our customers drink to the legal limit,
they emit from their breath more alcohol than our bakery.
Clearly more study is needed before costly control requirements are
put in place. I believe that we first need to define ``Clean Air.'' Is
it the naturally occurring ozone from the very productive environment
of the Smokey Mountains National Park; or is it the semi-arid east side
of the Rocky Mountains with its very limited natural production
potential? Scientists are only beginning to understand atmospheric
science and the relationship between the natural and human-made
processes on the air quality.
To illustrate the potentially interrelated processes, I note that
rain forms on airborne particulate, falls to the ground; and dissolves
excess carbon dioxide and other naturally occurring contaminates from
the atmosphere to nourish the earth! I have attached pages 453 to 456
from Meteorology. The Atmosphere and The Science of Weather by Joseph
M. Morgan, Michael D. Morgan, and Patricia M. Pauley, New York;
Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991.
Sincerely,
James A. Martin,
Executive Vice President
______
Air Pollution's Impact on Weather\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Taken from: Meteorology: The Atmosphere and the Science of
Weather, by Joseph M. Morgan, Michael D. Morgan, and Patricial M.
Pauley, New York: Macmillian Publishing Company, 1991.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
We have seen how weather conditions influence air pollution
potential. Air pollution also impacts weather. Air pollution affects
the amount of cloudiness, and the quantity and quality of
precipitation, especially downwind from large urban-industrial areas.
In Chapter 18, we discuss how air pollution may be affecting global
climate.
Urban Weather
Certain air pollutants usually found in urban air, including a
variety of dust particles and acid droplets, can influence the
development of clouds and precipitation within and downwind from a
city. These pollutants, many of which are hydroscopic serve as nuclei
for cloud droplets and thus accelerate condensation. In addition, the
heat island effect of large urban areas (Chapter 19) spurs uplift of
air and consequent cloud formation.
The influence of urban air pollution on condensation and
precipitation is illustrated by the typical climatic contrasts between
urban and rural areas. Winter fogs occur about twice as frequently in
cities as in the surrounding countryside. Downwind from cities,
rainfall may be enhanced by 5 to 10 percent. The greater contrasts tend
to occur on weekdays, when urban/industrial activity is at its peak,
suggesting that increased precipitation is at least partially due to
urban-industrial air pollution. Data from the Metropolitan
Meteorological Experiment (METROMEX) indicate significantly greater
precipitation enhancement downwind of St. Louis. METROMEX scientists
analyzed weather observations during an intensive field study over 5
years (1971-1975) and concluded that summer rainfall was up to 30
percent greater downwind of St. Louis than upwind of the city. This
rainfall anomaly was attributed to the combined effect of urban
contributions of heat and ``giant'' cloud condensation nuclei.
Because precipitation, fog, and cloudiness in urban areas of en
have adverse effects on both surface and air transportation, any
artificial increase in these conditions is potentially troublesome.
Reduced visibility, for example, slows surface traffic, contributes to
auto accidents, and curtails air travel. In the last decade,
significant improvement in local urban visibilities has been reported
and is apparently the consequence of enforcement of stricter air
quality standards.
Jet aircraft traffic is modifying the cloud cover, especially along
the heavily traveled air corridors between major cities. The visible
jet contrails etching the sky are composed of ice crystals that are
traceable to the water vapor and condensation nuclei produced by jet
engines as combustion products (refer back to the Special Topic,
``Clouds by Mixing: in Chapter 6). Contrails sometimes dissipate
rapidly; and sometimes spread laterally as a thin cirrus overcast
Increased cloudiness, in turn, reduces sunshine penetration and may
enhance local precipitation by serving as a source of ice-crystal
nuclei for lower clouds.
Acid Deposition
As we saw in Chapter 6, the atmospheric subcycle of the hydrologic
cycle purifies water. That is, through evaporation or sublimation and
subsequentcondensation or deposition, dissolved and suspended
substances are removed from water. As raindrops and snowflakes fall
from clouds to the ground, however, they wash pollutants from the air,
thereby altering the chemistry of the precipitation.
Rain is normally acidic because it dissolves some atmospheric
carbon dioxide, providing a weak acid solution. Where the air is
polluted with oxides of sulfur and oxides of nitrogen, these gases
interact with moisture in the atmosphere to produce tiny droplets of
sulfuric acid (H<INF>2</INF>SO<INF>4</INF>) and nitric acid
(HNO<INF>3</INF>). These substances dissolve in precipitation and
thereby increase its acidity: Precipitation that falls through such
contaminated air may become 200 times more acidic than normal.
Furthermore, in the absence of precipitation. sulfuric acid droplets
convert to acidic particles that settle to the ground as dry deposition
(See Figure 16.11).The combination of acidic precipitation with dry
deposition is often referred to as acid deposition.
The rank of acidity and alkalinity, called the pH scale, is shown
in Figure 16.12. which compares the normal acidity of rainwater with
the pH values of some other familiar substances. The normal pH of
rainwater: is 5.6; rain that is more acidic than normal is called acid
rain. \2\ Note that the pH scale is logarithmic; that is. each unit
increment corresponds to a tenfold change in acidity. Hence, a drop in
pH from 5.6 down to a value of 3.6 represents a hundredfold (10 x 10)
increase in acidity.
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\2\ Distilled seater that is saturated with carbon dioxide has a pH
of 5.6. This is why a pH of 5.6 is taken as the threshold for acid
precipitation; that is. rain or snow having a pH under 5.6 is described
as acidic. However, recent studies demonstrates that small amounts of
naturally occurring acids (other than carbonic acid) lower the normal
pH of precipitation closer to 5.0. This argues for a revision of the
current pH criterion for acid precipitation.
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Gene E. Likens (now of the New York Botanical Garden) and his
associates reported an increase in the acidity of rainfall over the
eastern United States during the 1955 to 1973 period. Their findings
were later confirmed and updated by measurements made by the National
Atmospheric Deposition Program in the United States and by the Canadian
Networks for Sampling Precipitation (Figure 16.13). Much of this
upswing in precipitation acid. can be attributed to acid rain
precursors emitted during fuel combustion for power.
__________
Statement of Adam Sharp, Assistant Director Governmental Relations,
American Farm Bureau Federation
Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for the opportunity to provide testimony
for this important hearing on air quality. I am Adam Sharp, Assistant
Director of Governmental Relations for the American Farm Bureau
Federation, here in Washington, DC. I also am a partner in my family's
farm in southeastern Ohio. Along with my three brothers, father and
grandfather, we operate a dairy farm and a diversified crop farm. I am
a member of the Virginia Farm Bureau Federation and today I am
representing the American Farm Bureau Federation, the nation's largest
general farm organization with more than 4.7 million member families. I
am pleased to have the opportunity to discuss with you today the
impacts of new air standard on the agricultural community. My comments
focus primarily on the Environmental Protection Agency's decision to
revise the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for
particulate matter. Farm Bureau supports Senate Bill 1084 for many
reasons. but foremost because it would allow the necessary time for the
agriculture community and EPA to gain a mote accurate understanding of
agriculture emissions, how much we emit, and to what extent the air
quality standards will impact our industry My comments focus primarily
on the new PM<INF>2.5</INF> standard.
As a preface to my comments, I think that it would be appropriate
to share with you a portion of Farm Bureau's policy on air quality chat
was adopted by delegates to our annual meeting. It clearly outlines the
position of America's farmers and rancher.
Regarding the Importance of Clean Air
It reads in part:
``We support a healthy environment.''
``We support government policies that: Are based on sound
scientific evidence; provide incentives to industries seeking to
become more energy efficient or to reduce emissions of identifiable
atmospheric pollutants; sect cooperation of organizations and
governments, foreign and domestic, to develop better understanding
and research on the implications of atmospheric pollution and the
means of preventing it.''
The evidence is quite strong that conservation has been a priority
for farmers and ranchers for many years. There has been and continues
to be a tremendous amount of conservation activity on farms and ranches
across the country. These activities include such things as protecting
wildlife habitat, creating wetlands, grassed waterways and field buffer
strips. We also use conservation tillage techniques, cover crops and
planting trees and vegetation for wind breaks. All these activities
reduce wind erosion of the soil. which in turn, provides cleaner air.
The Conservation Reserve Program alone will idle up to 36.4 million
acres across the country that provides vegetation that stabilizes soil
and prevents wind blown dust. Wind erosion on 84 percent of the
nation's rangeland, 86 percent of the cropland, and virtually all of
the pasture land is now less than the tolerable soil loss rate--
meaning, the rate at which soil erosion can occur without surpassing
the natural rate of soil regeneration (which is 2-12 tones per acre per
year). And soil lost to wind erosion continues to decrease as farmers
expand these extremely environmentally beneficial practices. Farmers
are cleaning the air and should get credit for those activities.
However, agriculture is concerned because EPA lacks actual
measurements of what agriculture emits in the form of fine particulate.
One estimate is that 34.3 percent of primary fine particulate matter
can be attributed to agriculture and forestry. Another suggests as low
as 5 percent of primary fine particulate. However, that figure does not
take into account diesel emissions. fertilizer and chemical sources,
unpaved roads, organic and ammonia sources and many others.
EPA is finally acknowledging what we have been telling them:
Agriculture is not a major emitter of this pollutant However, nothing
has been done to date to correct faulty documentation that
overestimates agricultural sources, or solidify Administrator Browners'
promise that agriculture will not be impacted. The Administrator's
promises have done little for our concerns because State decide who
will be regulated, not her.
Regarding these questionable estimates, I quote Dr. Calvin Parnell,
a professor of Agricultural Engineering at Texas A&M University and a
member of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Task Force on Air
Quality. He says, and we agree that:
``The data used to develop this inventory was based on erroneous
emission factors published by CPA for cattle feed yards, feed
mills, grain elevators and dust from farmers' field operations.''
Those comments were made last spring in a hearing held by a
subcommittee of the House Agriculture Committee, Furthermore, I quote
the Honorable Larry Combest, Chairman of the House Agriculture
Subcommittee on Forestry Resource Conservation, and Research, from that
same hearing. He says, and we agree, that:
The science employed in developing this rule is not up to par, and
I'm concerned that farmers could bear the brunt of a bad policy
based on equally bad science, We don't have the research yet to
know whether we can actually attain theme standards, how much it
will cost the agriculture industry and the consuming public, and
bow much agriculture activity actually contribute to air pollution
problems.''
We share these same concerns. We also commend and extend the
comments raised by the USDA, the USDA Task Force on Air Quality and the
Small Business Administration in regards to economic impacts of this
standard on farms and ranches.
California Situation
Today, however, I want to focus on the actual present situation
California agriculture is dealing with in regards to the present
PM<INF>10</INF> Non-Attainment Area for central and southern
California. as determined by the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act.
Under this status, a major potion of California's agriculture has been
faced with a number of challenges which, in many cases, are yet to be
resolved. Agriculture in others areas of the country may face the same
situations if a new PM standard is imposed.
The money, time and resources California agriculture has spent
attempting to meet the PM<INF>10</INF> ambient air quality standard has
given Farm Bureau plenty of reasons to believe that we cannot jump
immediately into a new air quality standard of which we know so little
about. It is an absolute necessity to allow science surrounding
PM<INF>2.5</INF> to develop so that intelligent, reasonable and
justifiable decisions can be made.
Let me expand on one air district's experiences in dealing with the
present PM<INF>10</INF> standard. These are examples of situations
agriculture has faced in the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution
Control District.
Example 1: The emission inventory for agricultural tillage
operations was the focus of the initial discussions with the air
district. There are two major problems identified in this inventory.
First, the actual number of passes the equipment makes per acre, and
second, the PM<INF>10</INF> emission produced from each type of
operation such as discing, ripping or furrowing. This problem was due
to the fact that information, published by the EPA, indicated that
alfalfa was disced 8 times per year, rice 13 times per year and
rangeland twice per year. This greatly overestimated the emissions and
made agriculture the prime target. First, farmers disc and seed alfalfa
maybe only once every 3 or more years, not 8 per year, and farmers
don't even disc rice or rangeland at all, especially 13 times and twice
per year respectively.
Some of the control measures suggested for agriculture operations
included: sprinkler irrigation on fields prior to planting; water tanks
mounted on tractors and water sprays on the back of discing equipment
(without thing into account that water is at a premium in California),
and the use of shaking equipment to shake trucks and farm implements
prior to exiting a field or unpaved road onto a paved road (this would
supposedly eliminate the carry-out of mud or dirt, which would later be
entrained into the atmosphere by cars or trucks on paved roads). These
irrational and impractical controls would have done little if nothing
to clean the air and would have been extremely costly for California
agriculture, had they not been corrected.
Just by updating the inventory with current acreage information for
each crop and correcting the number of passes per acre for tillage
equipment, the agricultural PM<INF>10</INF> emission inventory for
tillage operations was reduced 30 percent.
Example 2: At one point it was discussed that farms should be
permitted by their local air districts. In the San Joaquin Valley
alone, it was speculated that there would be over 31,000 permits for
farms written. Each silage pile, unpaved road and equipment storage
yard, to name a few, would have been permitted. The District estimated
that they would need 70 additional permitting engineers to process air
quality permits just for farms (local stationary source permit, and
also a Federal Operating permit).
Example 3: As, I indicated, there has been information used by the
air districts that identifies agriculture as a primary source of
PM<INF>10</INF> emissions. For the past 5 years, California's
agriculture community has fought to address the deficiencies in those
inventories. One example is windblown dust emissions from agricultural
lands. In the original inventory, it was assumed that all farming in
California was ``dryland'' farmed. It assumed that the land was not
irrigated, and that there was no vegetation cover, or cover canopy,
from the crops. Once irrigation and vegetation cover was put into the
wind erosion equations, the wind erosion PM<INF>10</INF> emission
inventory was reduced an incredible 80 percent from 410 tons per day of
PM<INF>10</INF>, to 58 tons per day of PM<INF>10</INF>.
Example 4: Probably the most blatant example of an inaccurate
inventory, which would have cost the agricultural industry thousands of
dollars, was the initial emission inventory for combustion engines used
to drive irrigation pumps. The original inventory estimated nitrogen
oxide (NOX) emissions (a precursor of PM) at 626 tons per day from all
of the diesel engine pumps in the San Joaquin Valley. This would be the
highest emissions category for NOX emissions in the San Joaquin Valley,
exceeding all the mobile sources including all cars and trucks, which
together only emit 353 tons per day. Driven by agricultural inquiries a
new study was commissioned that was based on actual interviews with 360
farmers. The new study determined that the NOX emission for these pumps
is only 32 tons per day.
We have only begun to address agriculture's problems with
PM<INF>10</INF> measurements. Many of which are still unaddressed and
uncorrected. And, other PM<INF>10</INF> issues are still arising. For
example, EPA is also looking at oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and ammonia
(NH3) from soils as contributors to ambient levels of PM<INF>10</INF>.
This could mean farmers will also have to address the application of
fertilizers and pesticides as an air quality concern, not to mention
livestock. Yet, recent studies performed in the Valley indicate that
there is very little NOX or NH3 emissions from the soil. Questions
about how much particulate matter is released into the air through
natural occurrences, such as high wind or volcanoes also remain to be
addressed.
Considering all these discrepancies, it is unbelievable the we are
now again faced with the same problems, only this time with smaller
particulate matter. Based on the 1994 Emissions Inventory for the
National Particulate Matter Study, fugitive dust emissions from
agriculture have been listed as the third largest source of
PM<INF>2.5</INF> nationwide, falling behind paved and unpaved roads.
This is hard to believe, since there has never been any actual
PM<INF>2.5</INF> emission data taken on agricultural tillage equipment
using EPA approved PM<INF>2.5</INF> samplers. All of these examples
only emphasizes the necessity to fully study PM<INF>2.5</INF> before
deadlines are set and rules are developed.
California Study
In attempting to resolve some of the previously mentioned issues,
it became necessary to conduct a multi-year, multi-faceted air quality
study. Such a study was developed and is now underway in California.
This study, known as the California Regional Particulate Matter Air
Quality Study (CRPMAQS), will address all areas of PM<INF>10</INF> and
PM<INF>2.5</INF> issues. This includes emissions determinations and
quantifications, data analyses, demonstration studies, ambient air
quality measurements and model development. USDA is playing a major
role in this study by helping to fund emissions studies for
agricultural activities and operations. Once completed, it will be the
source by which decisions in regards to particulate matter will be made
in California, and will serve to aid other areas in the nation and the
world in their particulate matter decisionmaking process.
This comprehensive study, however, will not be completed for
roughly 5 years and is not all inclusive for agricultural sources. S.
1084 would give agriculture the needed time to attain this important
agriculture PM<INF>2.5</INF> emissions data I want to emphasize that
this study is the first comprehensive study that actually measures,
instead of estimating, agriculture's PM<INF>2.5</INF> emissions. In
order to avoid the mistakes made for PM<INF>10</INF>, this study and
others like it must be completed before implementation activities,
attainment deadlines and regulations begin for yet a new PM standard.
Conclusion
In conclusion, I want to reiterate that much work is yet to even
begin in regards to agriculture industry emissions which should be
finished before setting a new standard for particulate matter. We must
develop an accurate measurement method for PM<INF>2.5</INF> in order to
determine and quantify the significant sources of PM<INF>2.5</INF> and
we must complete the necessary research to understand the true nature
of PM<INF>2.5</INF> and what contributes to its formation so as not to
make the same mistakes that we are making with agricultural
PM<INF>10</INF> emissions.
The present approach will only serve to put American agriculture at
a competitive disadvantage with other countries and put agricultural
producers out of work. Because U.S. agricultural commodity prices are
tied to world prices, a farmer cannot simply ``pass on'' the cost of
doing business to the consumer. In other words, we are ``price takers
and not a price makers.'' Therefore, any increase in operational costs
of farming is significant and must be based on accurate information
that justifies the expenditures.
Agriculture will also see a tremendous amount of indirect impact
from the new standards. Targeted industries such as the utilities,
fuel, transportation, chemical, equipment and many more will pass costs
on to their users. One of which is agriculture. In a study by AUS
Consultants to be released soon, net cash income for all farmers is
projected to fall by 10 percent or $5 billion annually over the first 6
years of implementation of these standards.
We also want to be careful in not tipping the balance of regulation
in this country too far, and force our grocers to fill market orders
with food purchased from other countries that do not always meet the
same safeguards and health standards as U.S. produced commodities.
The agriculture community enjoys breathing clean air as much as
anybody, yet doesn't want to waste money on control measures that have
little or no effect on cleaning up the air of this nation.
Finally, the USDA must maintain a strong presence as discussions
continue on these new standards. The USDA, the Small Business
Administration and the USDA Agricultural Air Quality Task Force and
this committee must continue to raise and demand that the concerns of
America's farmers and ranchers are addressed by the EFA in order to
ensure a continued safe, abundant, healthy and affordable U.S. food
supply.
I end on a note of caution as expressed by Paul Johnson, Chief of
the Natural Resources Conservation Service of the USDA, who remarked at
last spring's hearing that:
``When local air quality administrators make decisions about which
pollution control programs to implement they will consider factors
such as the percentage of total pollution in the airshed that is
caused by a specific activity or source, and costs and benefits of
implementing a set of controls on these activities. Agriculture is
practiced throughout the country using many different technologies
on a variety of soils and in a variety of climates. Conditions,
technology and practices, along with a number of other factors
determine emissions. Agricultural emissions are highly variable
within and across airsheds and must be evaluated carefully.''
Thank you.
__________
Statement of Ande Abbott, International Brotherhood of Boilermakers,
Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers & Helpers
The ``Boilermakers'' union represents approximately 90,000 workers
who are employed in cement production, foundry and forging industry,
shipyards, and in the construction and maintenance of coal and fossil
fuel power plants and their emission equipment. In addition,
Boilermaker members fabricate, install, and maintain cement kilns and
their emissions equipment.
Our members strongly support the Clean Air Act. We also worked hard
to pass the amendments strengthening the Clean Air Act in 1990. We are
proud that the Clean Air Act has been an effective tool in reducing air
pollution through out the United States. In the refined amendments to
the Clean Air Act in 1990, Congress carefully crafted methods to clean
the air and preserve jobs at the same time. However, in regards to the
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Particulate and Ozone Standards
which has gone into effect, EPA was, even reckless, in promulgating
their proposal.
We support S. 1084 which would mandate a moratorium on
implementation of the regulations until reasonable research can be
conducted. Congress has the right to say ``no'' to the immediate
implementation of these regulations, and we are encouraging members of
Congress to stop the process of implementing such radical air quality
changes.
The Clean Air Act has a provision that requires the EPA to review
the law after 5 years to see if modifications need to be made. EPA has
used that 5-year review provision to propose new air quality standards
to the law. These Standards are referred to as the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS).
On November 27, 1996, U.S. EPA proposed a substitution to the
existing ozone standard and a new air quality standard for fine
particulate matter (PM<INF>2.5</INF>). Under the new rules the
regulated particulate matter would be reduced from 10 microns to 2.5
microns. Additionally, they are counting particulate matter from ALL
sources--including nature. These levels were proposed despite the fact
that serious scientific uncertainties exist about the health benefits
associated with them. Even EPA's own Clean Air Scientific Advisory
Committee (CASAC) has raised several questions about the technical
basis and scientific justifications for these proposals. CASAC could
not reach a consensus that the specific controls would result in
improved health. Moreover, at this time, we do not even have an air
monitoring system with the ability to track the levels of PM that have
been proposed.
Based on EPA's own information, including its 1996 Air Quality and
Emissions Trend Report, air quality nationwide is improving and the
emissions of particulate and ozone are decreasing. All air pollutant
levels have declined significantly over the past several years,
primarily as a result of implementation of the Clean Air Act Amendments
of 1990. (The 1990 Amendments of the Clean Air Act are only 40%
enacted). As subsequent controls mandated by this Act are put in place,
air quality will be further improved and additional particulate and
ozone emission reductions will be realized.
These emission reductions have come at a considerable cost to the
U.S. economy. Many plants have added clean air equipment to meet
existing standards. Other companies have escaped meeting the standards
by using various legal schemes and are currently directed by EPA to
comply with the clean air standards and comply with the law over the
next few years Other companies have packed up and left the United
States, opting to move to Mexico or Asia.
The added expense associated with the new EPA particulate and ozone
rules, estimated in the tens of billions of dollars a year, should not
be imposed without a clear demonstration that the public health and
environmental benefits are commensurate with the costs. Those companies
that have made the investment to comply with the current standards may
have to lay out additional money to comply with the new standards,
while providing no real improvement in clean air quality.
Because of the significant uncertainty surrounding the costs,
benefits, and impacts of EPA's proposed ozone and particulate matter
rules, the Boilermakers' International President, Mr. Charles W. Jones
has urged the EPA to reaffirm the current standards, conduct additional
monitoring of particulate matter and related air quality issues, and
allow the states to complete action on the ambitious clean air
standards that are already in place, including existing standards on
ozone, before embarking on entirely new and costly undertakings. On
June 25, 1997, President Clinton sided with EPA and ordered the new
regulations to be put in effect. The President did modify the
implementation schedule of the new standards, but the effect on U.S.
workers and industry will be the same in 5 years; disastrous. It is the
millions of average Americans--not companies or their stockholders--who
will ultimately pay most of the bill as the costs of implementing the
standards are passed along throughout the economy in the form of higher
prices and lower wages. Industry analysts estimate 1.3 million American
jobs will be lost as a result of the implementation of the new
particulate matter and ozone rules.
By including particulate matter from natural sources in the air
quality counts, many more areas of the country will be in noncompliance
with the Air Quality Standards. This will force many more companies to
move out of the U.S. and into other countries such as Mexico, South
America or Asia where there is no enforcement of clean air standards.
Nearly half of the country and virtually every economic sector will
be threatened, the new rules amount to the most aggressive EPA
regulation ever. The proposed changes would immediately place 800
counties--five times the current number--into nonattainment. Some parts
of the country could remain in a perpetual state of nonattainment
because the proposed ozone standard is so tough.
Areas that fail to comply with the standard could have severe
controls and sanctions imposed upon them. These include: limitations on
the construction of and the expansion of manufacturing facilities; a
delay of highway projects and a loss of federal highway funds; a
complex and lengthy permitting process; a need for high emissions
offsets; residential growth limits; and other restrictions on
construction.
A nonattainment designation for any area is not an insignificant
action. It translates into slower economic growth and fewer new
businesses and expansions. Offset requirements and other new source
review and licensing provisions increase the difficulty of luring new
companies into nonattainment areas.
Additionally, because of the EPA implemented standards, those areas
of the country that are not currently in compliance will have an
additional 10 years to comply with the Clean Air Act. Under the current
clean air standards, Washington, D.C., as an example, must be in
compliance in 1998, since these new regulations have been implemented,
the Washington D.C. area will have until 2008 to comply with the Clean
Air Act. Therefore, air quality will actually be worse in that area.
Other onerous restrictions and sanctions also impact plants in
nonattainment areas. The Clean Air Act requires a complex and time-
consuming permitting requirement on all new construction in
nonattainment areas. All transportation projects must be found to be in
``conformity'' with the State's clean air plan before they can go
forward. And if a State misses any of the myriad of Clean Air
requirements, the Act mandates EPA to withhold all federal highway
funds as an automatic sanction. The result: industrial and
infrastructure projects can be delayed years--even decades--by Clean
Air Act requirements in nonattainment areas.
The primary way EPA intends to reduce ozone emissions is to target
large power plants, ``37 states have worked over the last 2 years to
address the long distance transport of ozone. This plan focuses on
major power plants (which offer the most cost-effective opportunities
for reducing pollution) to reduce nitrogen oxide, a key ingredient of
smog.''
EPA cannot reduce or eliminate natural airborne particulates. EPA's
standards, according to their own press releases, are intended to
reduce or eliminate the effects that air pollutants have on people with
lung ailments such as asthma. Asthma is an allergic reaction to various
substances. Many people are allergic to grass, dust mites, dogs, cats,
birds, weeds, trees, flowers, carpet, perfume, etc. and, unfortunately,
some people die of exposure to those substances. Some studies show that
the incidence of asthma actually increases as the air gets cleaner.
However, there are no scientific studies that indicate that the
incidence of asthma related deaths would be reduced by the new air
quality standards. In addition, EPA is forced to control only man made
sources of emissions.
There are periods of times when the pollen count from grass and
trees are high enough to trigger an EPA action day. As a result, EPA
has said they would be forced to shut down construction sites, ban lawn
mowing, shut down power plants and force car pooling.
In the long range, coal and fossil fuel fired plants would not be
permitted to exist. Cement plants would not be permitted to be built in
most areas of the United States and turbine powered electrical power
generators would be the EPA preferred plant type. Utilities would cost
more and the jobs of most workers who build and maintain the coal and
fossil fuel boiler plants would be eliminated.
Considering the effect on our foundry and forging industry, cement
plants, shipyards and shops, Boilermakers are likely to lose 35,000
jobs over the next seven to 10 years because of the new standards. And,
the United States would not have air quality any cleaner than it would
have been under the current standards.
Conclusion
There are also serious questions regarding the need to change these
air quality standards at this time. EPA must under the Clean Air Act
review these air quality standards every 5 years. There are ample
reasons why waiting until the next review to change the standards would
make more sense.
First and foremost, EPA is trying to fix something that isn't
broken. EPA has publicly and repeatedly stated that the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 are working to reduce air pollution. For instance,
EPA's recent air pollution ``trends'' analysis found 204 metropolitan
areas with downward trends in pollution levels and only 16 showing an
upward increase; 15 of these 16 are in no danger of violating any EPA
air quality standard.
This progress will continue. The Clean Air Amendments of 1990
created a blueprint for state and federal action on ozone that will
deliver continuing improvements in air quality well into the next
century. A myriad of other Clean Air Act programs, such as the acid
rain, clean cars, and air toxin programs, have yet to be fully
implemented and will also insure that continued progress is made on
ozone, particulates, and other pollutants for the foreseeable future.
For particulate matter, EPA acknowledges that additional monitoring
of the air should be done to determine the extent of the fine particle
problem. Moreover, because of the lack of monitoring data, EPA and
states cannot start designating areas and ordering emissions reductions
for approximately 5 to 8 years. This delay gives ample time for EPA to
reconsider the science and build consensus before implementing a new
standard.
In conclusion, due to the significant uncertainty surrounding the
costs, benefits, and impacts of EPA's implemented ozone and PM rules,
we urge Congress to support S. 1084 which would mandate a moratorium on
implementation of the regulations until reasonable research can be
conducted. This is an issue of considerable importance to the
Boilermakers, the nation and to all of America's working families--
especially to those American workers whose lives would be enormously
disrupted due to the twin requirements that would keep new jobs away
and drive existing jobs out of the urban areas and into rural areas--
and potentially out of the U.S. We believe we can continue to enjoy air
quality improvements without imposing additional costly and potentially
unnecessary rules, like those implemented by the EPA for particulate
matter and ozone.
__________
Statement of Jason Grumet, Executive Director, Northeast States for
Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM)
Good morning. My name is Jason Grumet. I am Executive Director of
the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management or NESCAUM, a
regional association of state air pollution control agencies
representing the six New England states, New York and New Jersey. Since
1967, NESCAUM has provided technical assistance and policy guidance to
its member states on regional air pollution issues of concern in the
Northeast. On behalf of my colleagues who work every day to achieve
compliance with the national air quality standards, I appreciate the
opportunity to present our views regarding S. 1084 and the revised
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone and
particulate matter.
As most of you are undoubtedly aware, the Northeast states support
the revised ozone and PM standards. We support them because they make
more sense, because they will do a better job of protecting and
informing the public, and because they will drive more rational air
quality management decisions. For the same reasons, we oppose S. 1084
which would effectively rescind the new standards and lead to another 5
years of unnecessary delay when we could be moving in the right
direction.
I would like to try and provide some insight into the thinking that
has led us to this position. It begins with a fundamental premise: that
certainty and perfection are always goals, but never options. Over the
last 30 years we have made incredible progress reducing the public
health threat from polluted air while the economy has prospered and
grown. Still, in the field of air pollution control I am not aware of a
single instance when we were able to make a decision with the benefit
of scientific consensus. Rather, our decisions have been relative
choices between imperfect options. Examined in this context, sound
decisions have been made which have substantially improved our quality
of life. The new standards represent another such decision. When facing
the question of supporting or opposing the new NAAQS, we asked
ourselves two basic questions:
1. Will the new standards provide the public with better information
about the risks associated with air pollution than the old
standards?
2. Will the new standards result in more rational, cost-effective,
and equitable pollution control strategies than the old standards?
To both these questions, the answer is yes. I submit to the
Subcommittee that we do know enough right now to be certain that the
new standards based on 1990's science do a better job in both these
respects than the old standards that were based on 1970's science.
Because the new standards better reflect the physical reality of the
pollution problems they address, they will more accurately inform the
public, thereby empowering people to better protect their health, and
they will inspire more effective and less costly pollution control
efforts.
Overview of Old & New Ozone Standards
The old standards are based on 20-year-old science. Much of it
conducted in the geological and meteorological oddity we refer to as
the Los Angeles Air Basin. These standards, that S. 1084 would
perpetuate, provide at best a partial diagnosis of our air quality
problems. As such, they inspire a regulatory framework that at times
drives inefficient and inequitable results. Our physical understanding
of ozone in the 1970's was that it was primarily an urban problem
driven by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Believing that ozone was
formed locally each day and destroyed each night, we designed a
standard to protect against one hour spikes in peak ozone levels.
We now know that ozone pollution is a regional problem which
adversely effects large areas for several days at a time. In the last
20 years, we also have learned that regionwide controls on nitrogen
oxides (NOx) are by far the most effective approach to bringing down
these chronically high ozone levels in both urban and rural areas.
While VOC controls have reduced peak ozone levels in our heavily
urbanized areas, a continued effort to address a regional environmental
problem primarily through urban control efforts will ultimately fail.
The mismatch between the old standard and the true science is
demonstrated by the fact that many areas ``bounce'' in and out of
attainment every few years. This inefficient and confusing situation
results from the old standard's extreme sensitivity to a single high
ozone episode and from the old standard's incorrect assumption that
local air quality is determined solely by local actions.
The new eight-hour ozone standard--because it aims at bringing down
the underlying average ozone values over a several year period--is less
susceptible to meteorological variability. Removing the threat that one
hot summer will bring an area into nonattainment will allow states to
focus their regulatory efforts on long term strategies that will
provide government and business with the certainty necessary to plan
for the future.
The New Ozone Standard Provides the Public with Accurate Information
One of government's fundamental obligations is to provide the
public with accurate information about the risks we face. This
obligation is particularly strong in the case of ozone pollution since
daily levels vary greatly and people with proper information can take
steps to diminish their exposure. The present ozone standard fails to
accurately inform tens of millions of people that the air in their
communities presents a health risk. The old standard's focus on ozone
peaks leads one to conclude that residents of the Northeast bear
substantial risk from ozone pollution whereas residents throughout most
of the Southeast and Midwest live in places that are ozone free.
An examination of the chronic ozone levels monitored over a 5-year
period tells a very different story. Attachment A depicts the highest
ozone level recorded each and every day during the summer months from
1991 through 1995. Under the old standard which determines an areas'
status based on the fourth highest hour long ozone level in a 3-year
period, the entire state of Massachusetts is designated as a
``serious'' ozone nonattainment area. Yet when measuring the ozone
levels experienced every day, Massachusetts residents experience
considerably less exposure to ozone smog than residents in a host of
states that are entirely or largely in attainment of the old standard.
Most troubling from a public health standpoint is that millions of
people are being misled by the old standards regime to believe that
they are not being exposed to unhealthy levels of ozone smog. The new
ozone standard will go a long way toward aligning chronic exposure
levels with an area's attainment status. Vacating this new standard, as
S. 1084 proposes to do, will knowingly perpetuate misinformation.
Such an action would also mean missing a critical opportunity to
build, over the next several years, the public support needed to
implement future pollution control measures. Unsurprisingly, many of
the areas with the highest chronic ozone exposures happen to be the
areas with the highest NOx emissions. See Attachment B. Under the old
standard, political leaders and citizens from many of these areas had
little motivation to reduce their emissions because they believed,
incorrectly, that their air was clean. We have found that the
altruistic desire to reduce the pollution transported into other states
has failed to motivate upwind states to impose even the most cost
effective pollution controls. Given accurate information, millions of
midwesterners will quickly learn that there is a compelling new reason
to support clean air efforts--protection of their health and their
children's health. In the Northeast, rational self-interest has
motivated substantial reductions in utility NOx emissions. We
anticipate similar behavior by our upwind neighbors once they are given
accurate information by the EPA. The fact that controlling pollution
from midwest power plants will also improve air quality and public
health in the Northeast is simply an added benefit.
Overview of Old and New Particulate Standards
While the Northeast states have far less experience dealing with
fine particle pollution, our support for the new fine particle
standards reflects many of the same themes outlined in the previous
discussion about ozone smog. We believe that the health science
strongly supports a focus on small particles. The new standard
recognizes the regional nature of the fine PM problem. And, the new
standard appears relatively robust and not contingent upon sporadic
meteorological events.
Under the old standard, which targeted larger particles of ten
microns or less, control efforts focused on highly localized problems
of windblown dust often associated with construction sites in the East
and agricultural practices in the West. Under the new standards, our
attention will turn to the small combustion related particles less than
2.5 microns in diameter. Far from a localized problem, elevated levels
of PM<INF>2.5</INF> persist across most of the Eastern United States.
These tiny particles are emitted directly from sources like heavy-duty
diesel trucks and are formed from the gaseous emissions of sulfates,
nitrates, and organic aerosols. Undoubtedly debate will persist for
years over particle size, the stringency of the standards and the exact
biological mechanisms that cause more people to die and get sick when
fine particle levels are elevated. However, the existence of debate and
disagreement does not justify interrupting progress toward
implementation of the new PM standards.
EPA has created ample time for additional scientific review and
extensive state based monitoring prior to the designation of
PM<INF>2.5</INF> nonattainment areas and prior to the imposition of
controls. The presence of the new PM<INF>2.5</INF> standard provides
the certainty necessary for states and industry to begin to plan
effectively. The Northeast States are moving quickly to design
monitoring networks and to build a better understanding of the sources
and science behind small particle pollution. If S. 1084 becomes law,
these efforts will be slowed considerably and possibly stopped
altogether. The fact that no one state can solve this problem
independently creates an impediment to continued action without the
knowledge that all states are working to achieve a federal health
standard.
The New Standards are More Cost Effective than the Old Standards
I've indicated previously that the new standards will focus our
control efforts where they will have the greatest environmental
benefit. The new standards will also assist states in focusing controls
where they're most cost-effective. While Congress was correct in
instructing EPA to disregard economic considerations when setting
health based air quality standards, cost has everything to do with how
we go about implementing these standards. Compliance costs are a matter
of great concern to our states, to those impacted by our regulatory
decisions, and I'm sure, to the members of this Subcommittee.
We believe the new standards are more cost-effective than the
standards they will replace. For ozone, the focus will shift to NOx
controls on utilities. The good news is that very significant NOx
reductions are available from utilities and heavy duty diesel engines
(the largest sources of regional NOx emissions) for less than $1,000
per ton. By comparison, we have spent up to $10,000 ton for VOC
controls in attempts to meet the old ozone standard. Since highly cost-
effective emissions controls are available in these sectors, the costs
that will be passed through to manufacturers in the form of electricity
or transportation costs will be quite low. For example, a study we
performed in 1995 and many similar studies indicate that utility NOx
reductions on the order of 85 percent can be achieved for one to two
tenths of a cent per kilowatt hour--a small fraction of the savings
that will be achieved through utility restructuring. For fine
particles, the focus of our control efforts will shift to emissions
from heavy duty diesel engines and to sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions
from utilities. Because we haven't done as much to regulate heavy duty
engines in the past, further, cost-effective emissions reductions are
still available from this sector. And SO2 is, as you know, a pollutant
we already regulate very cost-effectively under the acid rain program.
Much attention has been devoted to attempts to identify the costs
and benefits of complying with the new air pollution standards. Some of
these studies provide useful insights and can improve the quality and
thoughtfulness of regulatory proposals. However, I would caution anyone
relying solely on cost-benefit analysis to reach a decision on the
efficacy of the new standards. The sum of uncertainties contained in
any effort to project costs and benefits over a 20-year period is often
greater than the insight provided. For one thing, it is very difficult
to fairly express clean air benefits in monetary terms. At the same
time, the costs of complying with new environmental standards tend to
be are consistently overstated, thus skewing the cost-benefit analysis.
First, industry estimates are almost always overly conservative
since they are based on worst-case scenarios and contain a host of
negative contingencies which are often never realized. Second, once
environmental requirements are clearly set, competition among bidders
and vendors invariably lower compliance costs. Third, innovation in
methods, processes and technologies often substantially lowers the
costs of compliance. Finally, the recent regulatory trend toward
market-based control strategies has succeeded in allowing companies
with higher than average marginal control costs to procure credits from
companies with lower than average costs.
These factors have consistently produced actual control costs far
below industry predictions. Looking across a wide range of industries,
predicted costs seem to be overstated by a factor of five to ten.
Attachment C provides some examples to illustrate this point. In New
Jersey, when opposing regulations to control the pollution emitted when
marine vessels off-load gasoline, the industry estimated an increased
cost of 2 cents per gallon. Actual costs were later reported by the
industry to be 1/5 of a cent per gallon. Similarly, the American
Petroleum Institute argued that removing lead from gasoline would add
8-10 cents to a gallon of gasoline when the actual cost turned out to
be less than 2 cents per gallon. The American Automobile Manufacturers
Association and its member companies testified on numerous occasions
that it would cost over $1000 per car to meet the Low Emission Vehicle
Tailpipe standards if it was technologically possible at all. The
actual cost has been found by California to be roughly $100 per
vehicle. Moreover, the automobile manufacturers are promoting a
voluntary program to sell vehicles meeting these standards nationwide.
When the acid rain program was under consideration in 1990, we were
told by utility representatives to expect costs up to $1,000 per ton of
SO2 removed. Today you can buy a one-ton SO2 allowance for about $100
under the kind of flexible, market based emissions trading approach
we're bound to see more of as we implement the new standards. It seems
no one is immune from overstating predicted costs, even the EPA. In its
March 1994 guidance on NOx reductions from utilities, the Agency
predicted that sources should be able to achieve a 30 percent to 50
percent NOx reduction for under $1,300 per ton. A mere 3 years later,
present technology can achieve a 90 percent NOx reduction for under
$1,000 per ton.
In short, we have every reason to expect that these new standards,
like all the ones that came before, will turn out to be cheaper to
implement that their critics now estimate. There is only one dynamic
that can interrupt the technological innovation and competition
necessary to drive down the cost of additional pollution control. That
dynamic is uncertainty and delay. If the standards are repealed under
S. 1084 while more studies are conducted, industry will not commit the
investment necessary to innovate. The result will be higher than
necessary compliance costs.
My third and final point relates to regional equity. One of the
reasons we in the Northeast support the new ozone and fine particle
standards is because we are deeply concerned by the inequity that
exists between upwind and downwind regions under the present ozone
standard and EPA's traditional implementation regime. I mentioned
earlier that many of the ``chronic exposure attainment areas'' in the
industrial Midwest also happen to be the states with the highest
utility NOx emissions. A comparison of Attachments A and Bdemonstrates
this fact. As you will note, each of the seven states identified in
Attachment B produce more utility NOx emissions than the eight
northeast states combined.
We commend EPA for recognizing that the long-range windborne
transport of pollutants--especially in the case of ozone and fine
particulates--requires regional solutions and for incorporating this
understanding in its plans for the implementation of the new standards.
Attachment D illustrates the importance of long-range transport with
respect to ozone. Analysis of 5 years of ozone and wind data shows that
on good air quality days in the Northeast, the wind is coming from
Canada and is stagnant over the Midwest. But on the highest ozone days
in the Northeast, winds are blowing strongly over the Ohio River Valley
which is home to many of the largest NOx sources in the nation. The new
standards should at long last require these upwind areas to join the
Northeast in emissions reduction strategies. By doing so, those areas
won't just be doing the Northeast a favor, they'll be creating
immediate public health and environmental benefits for their own
citizens. When you consider that the states with the highest chronic
ozone exposure and highest utility emissions are largely in compliance
with the old standard, while states with lower chronic ozone exposures
and lower utility emissions are largely out of compliance with the old
standard, I hope you will understand why the Northeast states are
opposed to S. 1084 and any other efforts to slow the transition to a
new ozone standard.
In short, we believe that implementation of the revised standards
can result in more rational, equitable, and cost-effective emissions
reduction strategies. That doesn't mean it will be easy or that there
will be no regulatory impacts. It will be a challenge. But it is one
that we in the Northeast are prepared to take on because we know that
regional levels of both ozone and fine particulate matter must be
lowered to protect the public health. We also know that we need the new
standards, now, to empower us to begin to do just that. Thank you again
for this opportunity to present testimony.
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Statement of George D. Thurston, Sc.D., Associate Professor of
Environmental Medicine at the New York University (NYU) School of
Medicine
I am George D. Thurston, a tenured Associate Professor of
Environmental Medicine at the New York University (NYU) School
of Medicine. My scientific research involves investigations of
the human health effects of air pollution.
I am also the Director of the National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences' (NIEHS) Community Outreach and
Education Program at NYU. A goal of this program is to provide
an impartial scientific resource on environmental health issues
to decision-makers, and that is my purpose in testifying to you
here today.
I must take issue with much of the intent of Bill S. 1084
and with the findings upon which it is based. First, the new
ozone standard will not disrupt or delay ozone reductions, as
implied by Finding 4: instead, it is S. 1084 that would
increase uncertainty in the marketplace and by regulators,
thereby slowing air quality progress. Second, Findings 5 and 6
fail to acknowledge that, as stated in George Wolff's letters
of closure to the Administrator, CASAC reached a consensus that
a fine particulate matter (PM<INF>2.5</INF>) standard is
needed, and that the ozone standard should be changed to an 8-
hr basis, both of which the EPA promulgated on July 18, 1997.
The revocation of these new ozone and PM<INF>2.5</INF>
standards that is called for in Bill S. 1084 would be unwise,
and would be inconsistent with the intent of the Clean Air Act.
It is argued in the findings of Bill S. 1084 that
significant progress has already been made, but this is not
really the case for ozone over the last decade. As shown in the
figure below, progress regarding ambient ozone levels in the
U.S. had slowed in recent years under the old standards. In
contrast, the new standards will engender a cleaning up of the
air on a broader geographical basis than under the old
standard. Thus, implementing the standards recently set by the
EPA is the best way to ensure continued and even more rapid
U.S. air quality improvements.
Moreover, Bill S. 1084 wrongly seeks to fundamentally
rewrite the Clean Air Act by restructuring who decides whether
new standards are needed. The existing Clean Air Act requires
that the EPA review the standards every 5 years, and then
leaves that standard setting decision to the Administrator,
with advice from CASAC. Bill S. 1084, in contrast, seeks to
shift that power to the Congress, by imposing a change back to
the old O<INF>3</INF> and PM standards. In addition, this bill
says that the next science review of these standards may not
occur any earlier than 4 years from now, but sets no
requirement for the latest that this review may occur, which
could possibly be interpreted as eliminating the Clean Air Act
requirement for every 5-year reviews of these pollutants. These
changes would represent a dramatic and unacceptable change in
the Clean Air Act.
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The CAA has worked well for the last quarter of a century,
right up to today. During the most recent O<INF>3</INF> and PM
standard reviews, CASAC reached consensus that the PM standard
needed to be revised to directly control fine particles
(PM<INF>2.5</INF>), and that the ozone standard needed to be
changed to an eight hour average basis. The EPA followed that
advice, and set standards that are in the best interest of the
American public. The Congress should not try to ``fix''
something that isn't broken: the Clean Air Act is working just
fine, and there is no need for the fundamental change in the
Clean Air Act that is being proposed by S. 1084.
The adverse health consequences of breathing ozone or
particulate matter are serious and well documented, even at
levels below the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) that were in effect before July 18, 1997. This
documentation includes impacts demonstrated by controlled
chamber exposures and by observational epidemiology showing
consistent associations between each of these pollutants and
adverse impacts across a wide range of human health outcomes.
The implementation of the NAAQS promulgated by the U.S. EPA on
July 18 will provide a substantial improvement in the public
health protection provided to the American people by the Clean
Air Act, but the passage of Bill S. 1084 would block that much
needed improvement in public health protection.
Ozone (O<INF>3</INF>) is a highly irritating gas that is
formed in our atmosphere in the presence of sunlight from other
``precursor'' air pollutants, including nitrogen oxides and
hydrocarbons. These precursor pollutants, which cause the
formation of ozone, are emitted by pollution sources including
automobiles, electric power plants, and industry.
Particulate Matter (PM) air pollution is composed of two
major components: primary particles, or ``soot,'' emitted
directly into the atmosphere by pollution sources such as
industry, electric power plants, diesel buses, and automobiles,
and; ``secondary particles'' formed in the atmosphere from
sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases, emitted by many
combustion sources, including coal-burning electric power
plants.
Observational epidemiology studies have shown compelling
and consistent evidence of adverse effects by ozone and PM
below the old U.S. standards that Senate Bill 1084 seeks to
regress back to, if passed. These scientific studies
statistically evaluate changes in the incidence of adverse
health effects in a single population as it undergoes varying
real-life exposures to pollution over time, or across multiple
populations experiencing different exposures from one place to
another. They are of two types: 1) population-based studies, in
which aggregated counts of effects (e.g., hospital admissions
counts) from an entire city might be considered in the
analysis; and, 2) cohort studies, in which selected
individuals, such as a group of asthmatics, are considered.
Both of these types of epidemiologic studies have shown
confirmatory associations between ozone and PM air pollution
exposures and increased adverse health impacts, including:
<bullet> decreased lung function (a measure of our ability to
breathe freely);
<bullet> more frequent respiratory symptoms;
<bullet> increased numbers of asthma attacks;
<bullet> more frequent emergency department visits;
<bullet> additional hospital admissions, and;
<bullet> increased numbers of daily deaths.
The newly promulgated EPA air quality standards are
appropriate, and are based on sound science.
In my own research, I have found that both ozone and
particulate matter air pollution are associated with increased
numbers of respiratory hospital admissions in New York City,
Buffalo, NY, and Toronto, Ontario, even at levels below the
current standards. My results have been confirmed by other
researchers considering locales elsewhere in the world. The
U.S. EPA used my New York City asthma results in their ``Staff
Paper'' when estimating the health benefits of tightening the
ozone standard.
In previous Congressional hearings, much discussion
centered on the hospital admissions effects of ozone, but
ozone's other impacts have been largely ignored. Indeed,
hospital admissions in New York City are only a small fraction
of the benefits to be accrued by lowering pollution levels. The
effects of ozone on hospital admissions represent only the
``tip of the iceberg'' of all of the many adverse effects
associated with this pollutant, and they are therefore best
viewed as indicators of the much broader spectrum of adverse
health effects being experienced unnecessarily by the public
today as a result of air pollution exposures. Most of these
adverse effects are not directly recorded, however, as no
central records are kept of these related, but more numerous,
adverse pollutant impacts, such as increased restricted
activity days and doctors visits.
In order to give some insight into the much larger numbers
of other effects lurking beneath the surface of the ozone
hospital admissions effects noted by George Wolff in Table VI-2
(revised) of the Ozone OAQPS Staff Paper (June, 1996) and
during previous testimony to this Subcommittee, I have made
working estimates of the other documented adverse impacts of
ozone exposure that will also be reduced in New York City, if
the EPA's new ozone standard were to be implemented as
originally proposed.
The results of my analysis are presented in the figure
below, entitled the ``Pyramid of Annual New York City Adverse
Impacts of Ozone Avoided by the Implementation of the Proposed
New Standard (vs. ``As Is''). This pyramid is intended to be
illustrative of the enormous gaps in the table presented by Dr.
Wolff, and is not presented as a peer-reviewed comprehensive
documentation of all the benefits which would be accrued by
achieving the EPA's proposed new standard. Please note that the
figure could not be drawn ``to scale.'' If it were drawn ``to
scale'', the New York City (NYC) asthma admissions triangle
would not even be visible, since it accounts for only
approximately 0.01% of the total number of ozone related
impacts noted for NYC. However, despite the fact that it
visually overstates the relative size of the NYC hospital
asthma admissions, and the fact that still other ozone effects
cannot be considered in these calculations due to a lack of
data, this figure still makes very clear that the New York City
asthma admissions counts considered in the Wolff table
represent only a small fraction (far less than 1 percent) of
the adverse effects of air pollution which will be avoided
through the implementation of the new standard being proposed
by the EPA.
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The starting point of the analysis I used to estimate the
``pyramid'' of effects noted in the attached figure is the 265
New York City asthma admissions estimated to be avoided as a
result of the implementation of the new standard, as per the
top line of the Wolff chart (i.e., 385-120 = 265 admissions).
First, as I noted above, there are also non-asthma respiratory
admissions effects. Based upon the average ozone impacts
derived from my ozone-admissions regression results for New
York City and Buffalo, this indicates that the non-asthma
respiratory admissions avoided (for causes such as pneumonia
and bronchitis) are about 90 percent of the size of the asthma
admissions, or 240/yr. Now, based on the fact that New York
City hospital records indicate that 12.6% of pediatric asthma
emergency department (ED) visits result in an asthma hospital
admission (Barton et al, 1993), it is estimated that the ED
visits associated with the 505 ozone-related respiratory
admissions would amount to approximately 3,500 ozone-induced ED
visits (i.e., 505 x 1.126). Furthermore, using the ozone
adverse health effect coefficients derived from the published
literature by the Empire State Electric Energy Research
Corporation (ESEERCO) in the New York State Environmental
Externalities Cost Study (Oceana Publications, Inc., December,
1995), and ratioing the ozone effect coefficients provided in
that report with that for asthma hospital admissions in New
York City (used to get the 265 admissions), effects for other
outcomes were derived, based on the original 265 NYC hospital
admissions/day estimate. In this way, estimated annual effects
to be avoided in New York City each year were also derived for:
<bullet> acute (i.e., daily) mortality,
<bullet> asthma attacks,
<bullet> restricted activity days (i.e., the total number of
person-days during which some normal activities were
curtailed), and
<bullet> acute respiratory symptom days (i.e., the total number
of person-days during which additional respiratory symptoms
would be experienced).
Some may quarrel with the specific coefficients chosen here
to model the other effects, but the overall point remains that
these other effects collectively represent large multiples of
the hospital admissions benefits noted for New York City in the
chart presented at the hearing. Moreover, the categories of
effects considered in the attached figure are not exhaustive by
any means, but they still serve to show that the table
presented by Dr. Wolff greatly underestimates the number of
adverse health events that can be avoided by the meeting the
standard.
Note that the numbers in this figure have been corrected to
avoid double counting of adverse health ``events.'' For
example, the number of hospital admissions has been subtracted
from the total number emergency department visits, assuming
that the patients would have first passed through the ED before
being admitted.
Note also that this figure can be used to consider other
cases in Dr. Wolff's chart as well, since all estimates have
been scaled to the asthma admissions number. For example, for
the difference between the existing and the proposed new
standard cases, the numbers in this figure would all be divided
by three (= (210-120)/(385-120) = 90/265). However, this
calculation underestimates the benefits of the new standard,
since it fails to account for the more rapid progress which
will no doubt be able to be achieved in New York City under the
new standard, when upwind counties clean up. The comparison to
the ``as is'' case contained in the above figure is the more
apt comparison.
Finally, while there are about 7 million persons in New
York City, there are a total of some 122 million persons
throughout the U.S. who now live in areas exceeding the
proposed O<INF>3</INF> standard, and will therefore also be
benefited by that new standard. Thus, the New York City
hospital admissions effects are best viewed as an indicator of
a much broader spectrum of potentially avoidable adverse health
effects being experienced by the public today as a result of
air pollution exposures.
Mr. Wolff's table also ignores the point that these
pollution-related hospital admissions differ from other
admissions, in that they are a violation of the law in the
U.S., as embodied in the Clean Air Act. It is important to
remember that these admissions are unlike most other admissions
in this important way, and, thus, warrant the regulation and
societal expense needed to eliminate them.
It is not illegal to be admitted to the hospital, but it is
illegal for pollution to cause people to go to the hospital. In
other words, it is right to go to the hospital if you are sick,
but it is wrong to cause someone else to have to go. This is
how air pollution induced hospital admissions differ from most
others, and why it is inappropriate to treat them as equivalent
to, or as a percentage of, other admissions in legislative
deliberations and policy making decisions.
Thus, since polluters are today causing many people to get
sick enough to go to the hospital, and even to die prematurely,
who would otherwise not have this happen, and since the Clean
Air Act has appropriately declared this to be unacceptable and
illegal, then we must act as a society to stop it, even if it
is only a small percentage of all admissions or deaths.
A relevant analogy is to homicides in the U.S.:
approximately 2 million persons die in the U.S. each year, but
only about 1 percent of these deaths are due to homicides. We
as a society do not ignore these homicides because they are
expensive to prevent and represent only a small fraction of all
deaths. Homicide is wrong and illegal, so we as a society
expend a great deal of money and effort trying to prevent
homicides, and in bringing violators to justice, even though
homicides represent only a small fraction of all deaths. If one
were to apply the logic that we should do nothing about air
pollution because it represents only one of many causes of
hospital admissions to this case, we would therefore not try to
prevent or prosecute killers because it is too expensive,
relative to the small percentage of deaths that homicides
represent. No one would make this argument for homicides, and
neither should we make it for hospital admissions and deaths
caused by pollution. The hospital admissions and deaths induced
by polluters must also be stopped, even if it is expensive, as
the Clean Air Act has declared them to be illegal.
I believe that this rationale is one reason why the
legislative history of the Clean Air Act, as affirmed by the
Courts, indicates that these NAAQS must be set without
consideration of attainment costs.
Returning to the subject of air pollution health effects,
among the important adverse effects noted above as also
occurring in the New York region as a result of air pollution
exposure are asthma attacks. The airway inflammation induced by
present day ozone and PM is especially a problem for children
and adults with asthma, as it makes them more susceptible to
having asthma attacks. For example, recent controlled human
studies (e.g., Molfino et al., 1991) have indicated that prior
exposure to ozone enhances the reactivity of asthmatics to
aeroallergens, such as pollens, which can trigger asthma
attacks. In addition, the increased inflammation and diminished
immune system ozone effects in the lung can make the elderly
more susceptible to pneumonia, a major cause of illness and
death in this age group.
In February, the results of a study I conducted on the
effects of air pollution on children at a summer ``asthma''
camp in Connecticut were published. This study of a group of
about 55 moderate to severely asthmatic children shows that
these children experience diminished lung function, increased
asthma symptoms, and increased use of unscheduled asthma
medications as ozone pollution levels rise. As shown in the
figure below, the risk of a child having an asthma attack was
found to be approximately 40 percent higher on the highest
ozone days than on an average study day, with these adverse
effects extending to below the old 120 ppb O<INF>3</INF> air
quality standard.
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The O<INF>3</INF> morbidity associations indicated by
epidemiologic studies are supported by a large body of data
from controlled exposure studies that give consistent and/or
supportive results, and that have demonstrated pathways by
which ozone can damage the human body when it is breathed.
Clinical studies have demonstrated decreases in lung function,
increased frequencies of respiratory symptoms, heightened
airway hyper-responsiveness, and cellular and biochemical
evidence of lung inflammation in healthy exercising adults
exposed to ozone concentrations at the present standard, and at
exposures as low as 80 parts per billion for 6.6 hours (e.g.,
Follinsbee et al., 1988, and Devlin et al, 1991).
Similarly, animal exposures to combustion-related fine
particles (PM<INF>2.5</INF>) have also been shown by recent
controlled exposure studies to have significant adverse effects
on the lung, including diminished respiratory defense
mechanisms, opening the lung to illness from other causes. In
addition, repeated exposures to acidic fine particulate matter,
a portion of the fine PM<INF>2.5</INF> which the EPA now aims
to focus on in the newly proposed reductions in the PM
standard, has been shown to affect clearance in the lung in a
manner similar to that of tobacco smoking, suggesting that
these fine particles may have analogous long-term exposure
effects on the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease.
The epidemiologic evidence indicating an association
between PM and increased mortality and morbidity has been well
documented by numerous investigators in the published
literature (e.g., see Schwartz, 1997). The fact that these
effects have both been shown so consistently across outcomes
and from place to place is supportive of the interpretation of
these associations as causal, and not due to some unknown
confounder. Furthermore, controlled human and animal exposures
of combustion aerosols have shown significant adverse effects
by these fine particles, which are the class of particles which
EPA now appropriately aims to regulate.
While the exact causal mechanism (i.e., the ``smoking
gun'') of the PM-mortality association is not yet known at this
time, there are biologically plausible mechanisms that are now
known which could account for the associations. For example, PM
stresses on the lung (e.g., by inducing edema), places extra
burden on the heart, which could induce fatal complications for
persons with cardiac problems. Recent animal experiments by
Godleski and coworkers (1996, 1997) at Harvard University
confirm that exposures to elevated concentrations of ambient PM
can result in cardiac related death in animals. Thus, the
situation with PM and mortality is similar to many public
health risks in the past, such as cholera in London 100 years
ago, or smoking over the past few decades: the epidemiology
shows biologically plausible effects, but the exact mechanism
by which the documented adverse impacts are effected is not yet
known. This uncertainty about the exact mechanism of effect did
not stop us from taking societal action against
epidemiologically documented health threats, such as smoking,
in the past, and should not be a deterrent to controlling the
adverse consequences of particulate matter air pollution now.
Epidemiological evidence has also accumulated over recent
years indicating a role by O<INF>3</INF> in daily human
mortality, a factor not fully considered by the U.S. EPA in the
latest O<INF>3</INF> Staff Paper or in the EPA's recent
Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) for ozone. For example,
Verhoeff, et al. (1996) used Poisson regression analysis to
analyze associations between daily mortality and air pollution
concentrations in Amsterdam, The Netherlands during 1986-1992,
finding a daily mortality RR=1.10 per 100 ppb 1-hr daily
maximum O<INF>3</INF>, even after controlling for weather and
co-pollutants. Anderson et al. (1996) investigated whether
outdoor air pollution levels in London, England influenced
daily mortality during 1987-1992, finding a daily mortality
RR=1.10 per 100 ppb 8-hr O<INF>3</INF> (RR=1.08 per 100 ppb 1-
hr O<INF>3</INF>), even after controlling for weather and co-
pollutants. Samet et al. (1997) considered total daily
mortality and environmental data for Philadelphia during 1973-
1980, finding that, when pairs of pollutants were considered
simultaneously, only the ozone coefficient consistently
remained unchanged and statistically significant, with a total
mortality RR of 1.02 for a 20 ppb increase in 24-hr daily
average ozone. Cause of death-specific regressions indicated
the largest ozone RR for respiratory deaths, consistent with
biological plausibility. More recently, I have found that daily
mortality also rises after high ozone days in the U.S. cities
of New York City, Atlanta, Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis,
Minneapolis, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Houston, even
after accounting for other factors such as season and weather,
and at ozone levels below the current NAAQS standard (Thurston,
1997). I find that the overall population's risk of death rises
by about 6 percent on ozone days having a 1-hour maximum of
ozone that is 100 ppb above the average. The many new studies
released since the EPA Criteria Document was prepared that
document associations between ozone air pollution and human
mortality are listed in the attached Table 1.
Once the weight of this new evidence of biologically
plausible associations between acute ozone exposures and
increased daily human mortality is considered, it is clearer
than ever that important reductions in public health risks can
be achieved by going from the old standard (equivalent to about
a 90 ppb 8-hour standard) down to an 80 ppb 8-hour
O<INF>3</INF> standard, as was promulgated by the EPA.
In conclusion, I would like to restate the key messages
contained in the letter that I and 26 other air pollution
researchers and physicians sent to President Clinton earlier
this year:
<bullet> Please listen to the medical and scientific
community on this issue.
<bullet> Exposures to O<INF>3</INF> and PM air pollution
have been linked to medically significant adverse health
effects.
<bullet> The pre-July 18, 1997 NAAQS for these pollutants
were not sufficiently protective of public health.
Thus, the recently promulgated air quality standards for
both ozone and particulate matter should be retained.
Thank you for the opportunity to testify on this important
issue.
References
Anderson, H. R., Ponce de Leon, A, Bland, J.M., Bower,
J.S., and Strachen, D.P. (1996) Air pollution and daily
mortality in London: 1987-92. British Medical Journal, 312:665-
669.
Barton, D.J.; Teets-Grimm, K.; and Kattan, M. (1993)
Emergency room visit patterns of inner city children for
asthma. Am. Rev. of Resp. Dis. 147: A577.
Devlin, R.B.; McDonnell, W.F.; Mann, R.; Becker, S.; House,
D.E.; Schreinemachers, D., and; Koren, H.S.. (1991) Exposure of
humans to ambient levels of ozone for 6.6 hours causes cellular
and biochemical changes in the lung. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol.
Biol. 4: 72-81.
Follinsbee, L.J.; McDonnell, W.F., and; Horstman, D.H.
(1988) Pulmonary function and symptom responses after 6.6 hour
exposure to 0.12 ppm ozone with moderate exercise. JAPCA 38:28-
35.
Godleski, J.J.; Sioutas, C.; Katler, M.; Catalano, P.; and
Koutrakis, P. (1996) Death from inhalation of concentrated
ambient air particles in animal models of pulmonary disease.
Proceedings of the Second Colloquium on Particulate Air
Pollution and Human Health, May 1-3, 1996, Park City, Utah.
Godleski, J.J., Sioutas, C., Verrier, R.L.; Killingsworth,
C.R.; Lovett, E.; Murthy, G.G.; Hatch, V.; Wolfson, J.M.;
Ferguson, T., and Koutrakis, P. (1997) Inhalation exposure of
canines to concentrated ambient air particles. Am. J. Resp. and
Crit. Care Med., 155:(4) A246.
Molfino, N.A.; Wright, S.C.; Katz, I.; Tarlo, S.;
Silverman, F.; McClean, P.A.; Szalai, J.P.; Raizenne, M.;
Slutsky, A.S., and; Zamel, N. (1991) Effect of low
concentrations of ozone on inhaled allergen responses in
asthmatic subjects. Lancet. 338(8761): 199-203.
Samet, J.M.; Zeger, S.L.; Kelsall, J.E., Xu, J.; and
Kalkstein, L.S. (1997) Air pollution, weather, and mortality in
Philadelphia 1973-1988. Analyses of the Effects of Weather and
Multiple Air Pollutants. The Phase I.B Report of the Particle
Epidemiology Evaluation Project. Health Effects Institute,
Cambridge, MA, March, 1997.
Schwartz, J. (1997) Health effects of air pollution from
traffic: ozone and particulate matter. Health at the
Crossroads: Transport Policy and Urban Health, T. Fletcher and
A.J. McMichael Eds., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., New York, NY.
Thurston, G.D. (1997) Ozone Air Pollution and Human
Mortality. Paper 97-MP9.04. For presentation at the Air & Waste
Management Association's 90th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, June
8-13, 1997, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Verhoeff, A.P., Hoek, G.; Schwartz, J.; and Wijnen, J.H.
(1996) Air pollution and daily mortality in Amsterdam.
Epidemiology. 7:225-230.
Table 1. Recent Studies Linking Ozone With Daily Mortality
Not Considered by the U.S. EPA O<INF>3</INF> Criteria
Document or Staff Paper
Anderson et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in
London: 1987-1992. BMJ 312:665-669.
Bates, D. 1995. Ozone: A Review of Recent Experimental,
Clinical and Epidemiological Evidence, with Notes on Causation,
Part 2. Can. Respir. J. 2(3): 161-171.
Cifuentes, L.A. and L. Lave. 1997. Association of Daily
Mortality and Air Pollution in Philadelphia, 1983-1988. J. Air
Waste Manage. Assoc. (In press).
Hoek et al. 1997. Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter and
Ozone on Daily Mortality in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Accepted to: Arch. Environ. Health.
Ito, K. and Thurston, G.D. 1996. Daily PM<INF>10</INF>/
Mortality Associations: An Investigation of At-Risk
Subpopulations. J. Expo. Analysis Environ. Epidemiol. 6(1): 79-
225.
Kinney et al. 1995. A Sensitivity Analysis of Mortality/
PM<INF>10</INF> Associations in Los Angeles. Inhal. Toxicol.
7:59-69.
Loomis et al. 1996. Ozone Exposure and Daily Mortality in
Mexico City: A Time-Series Analysis. Health Effects Institute
Research Report Number 75, October 1996.
Moolgavkar et al. 1995. Air Pollution and Daily Mortality
in Philadelphia. Epidemiology 6(5): 476-484.
Ostro. 1995. Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Mortality
in Two Southern California Counties. Environ. Res. 70: 98-104.
Ostro et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Mortality: Results
from a Study of Santiago, Chile. J. Expo. Analysis Environ.
Epidemiol. 6: 97-114.
Ozkaynak et al. 1995. Associations Between Daily Mortality,
Ozone and Particulate Air Pollution in Toronto, Canada. Paper
Presented at the Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution,
Irvine, CA, January 24-25.
Saldiva et al. 1994. Association Between Air Pollution and
Mortality Due to Respiratory Diseases in Children in Sao Paulo,
Brazil: A Preliminary Report. Environ. Res. 65: 218-225.
Saldiva et al. 1995. Air Pollution and Mortality in Elderly
People: A Time-Series Study in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Arch.
Environ. Health 50(2): 159-163.
Samet et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Mortality in
Philadelphia, 1974-1988. Report to the Health Effects Institute
on Phase IB: Particle Epidemiology Evaluation Project, March
25, 1996 (Accepted for publication).
Samet et al. 1997. Particulate Air Pollution and Daily
Mortality: Analysis of the Effects of Weather and Multiple Air
Pollutants. The Phase I.B Report of the Particle Epidemiology
Evaluation Project. Health Effects Institute, March 1997.
Sartor, F. et al. 1995. Temperature, Ambient Ozone Levels,
and Mortality during Summer 1994, in Belgium. Environ. Res. 70:
105-113.
Sunyer et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Mortality in
Barcelona. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 50 (Suppl. 1): S76-
S80.
Thurston, G.D. 1997. Ozone Air Pollution and Human
Mortality. Paper 97-MP9.04. Presented at the Air and Waste
Management Association's 90th Annual Meeting and Exhibition,
June 8-13, 1997, Toronto, Canada.
Touloumi et al. 1997. Short Term Effects of Ambient
Oxidants Exposure on Mortality: A Combined Analysis Within the
APHEA Project. Am. J. Epidemiol. (In press).
Verhoeff, A.P. et al. 1996. Air Pollution and Daily
Mortality in Amsterdam. Epidemiology 7(3): 225-230.
Wyzga, R.E. and F.W. Lipfert. 1995. Temperature-Pollution
Interactions with Daily Mortality in Philadelphia. In:
Particulate Matter: Health and Regulatory Issues: Proceedings
of an International Specialty Conference Sponsored by the Air
and Waste Management Association, April, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 3-
42.
Wyzga, R.E. and F.W. Lipfert 1996. Ozone and Daily
Mortality: The Ramifications of Uncertainties and Interactions
and Some Initial Regression Results. In: Vostal, J.J., Ed.,
Tropospheric Ozone: Critical Issues in the Regulatory Process:
Proceedings of a Specialty Conference Sponsored by the Air and
Waste Management Association, May, 1994, Orlando, FL, pp. 453-
487.
Zmirou et al. 1996. Short Term Effects of Air Pollution on
Mortality in the City of Lyon, France, 1985-1990. J. Epidemiol.
Community Health 50(Suppl. 1):S30-S35.
----------
Statement of Tom Smith, President, National Coalition of Petroleum
Retailers
I am Tom Smith, President of NCPR, the chief advocate of
the interests of America's 45,000 mom and pop gasoline
retailers, and a Texaco dealer in Griffin, GA, located just
outside the metro Atlanta non-attainment area, but inside what
EPA would call an ``area of influence''.
NCPR strongly supports S. 1084, the Ozone and Particulate
Matter Research Act. We have always supported environmental
regulation that has a basis in common sense, and that we can
explain to our members in a simple and straightforward manner.
While NCPR supported the change to an 8 hour ozone standard,
EPA's proposals fail this test.
S. 1084 is necessary legislation, because the evidence
shows few if any increased health benefits, while the costs of
compliance are enormous. A greater return of health benefits
will occur if our limited resources are spent elsewhere.
The argument that there is no need for the legislation
because the compliance deadlines are well off in the future is
misleading. Without the legislation, compliance schedules will
be dictated by citizens' suits and sanctions threats, well in
advance of the deadlines EPA speaks of.
Under the Clean Air Act, once an area reaches a certain
level of non-attainment, gasoline retailers are required to
implement control strategies such as Stage 2 vapor recovery,
enhanced motor vehicle inspection and maintenance, and sale of
reformulation gasolines, by reason of the plain language of the
statute.
Because the Act mandates control strategies. That can be
enforced by citizen suits and other threats, which will
inevitably occur well before the dates EPA is talking about--
States will be forced to act now if the legislation is not
passed.
The threat is so severe that NCPR has had to file suit
against EPA alleging that the provisions of the Clean Air Act
that mandate certain control strategies are unconstitutional
under the 10th Amendment, and a 1997 Supreme Court decision.
While we believe that the Act's provisions are
unconstitutional because the legislative and regulatory
apparatus of the state is commandeered by EPA, as States must
pass authorizing legislation, propose and enact implementing
regulations, and then enforce those enactments against the
private sector, including the mom and pop retailers we
represent; passage of S. 1084 would alleviate the immediate
problem, because it allows us time to be sure of what we are
doing before we turn the States into puppets whose strings can
be pulled by lawsuits and other threats.
Thus, even though EPA has promised to be flexible, the
statute, to the extent it is constitutional, ties their hands.
Based on our experience with the motor vehicle I/M debate,
our members have deep seated reservations over EPA's
``flexibility'' promise. To quote Georgia State Representative
Mike Evans testifying under oath before the House Commerce
Committee in the 104th Congress:
EPA's assertion that they have been flexible is simply not
so. We have not seen it in Georgia, nor do I believe that
the other States have seen it either. The only thing we
have heard is sanctions, sanctions, sanctions . . . .
It is abundantly clear, in closing, that people across this
country do not want and will not accept this consumer
unfriendly plan. It is also just as clear that without
public support, any plan is bound to fail. Please help us
by allowing Georgia to tailor a plan that specifically
meets the needs of Georgia.\1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ House Hearing No. 104-12 at 307.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
We also question the flexibility claims in light of EPA's
position that changing the standard does not implicate SBREFA
or ``Reg Flex''--the change of the standard automatically
worsens the non-attainment level of many areas, and forces
these areas to adopt control; measures that inflict substantial
costs on a significant number of small businesses as a matter
of law. EPA has already started playing games with the
``Implementation Process,'' forcing small business to have to
threaten to walk out of a March 18 meeting
We are also disturbed by what appears to be pandering to a
given audience, as shown by EPA's claims before the Agriculture
Committee to the effect that farmers would be minimally
impacted by the new standards. As one with family in farming,
and a number of farm based customers', I can tell you they do
not share EPA's sunny outlook, rather they correctly fear that
higher fuel prices will squeeze already thin farm margins.
As a gasoline retailer, I was deeply disturbed by her
remarks that the standards would mean more use of ethanol;
blended gasoline, and ``good news for farmers.'' Ethanol blends
raise the Reid Vapor Pressure of gasoline, and cannot be used
in many non-attainment areas because they will worsen the ozone
problem, and EPA's efforts to rewrite the 1990 Amendments by
mandating ethanol fuel were struck down by the U.S. Court of
Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. Therefore, we do not understand
what the basis is for this claim, other than political
posturing.
The ethanol subsidy itself distorts, and is destructive to
competition in the gasoline industry. All it does is allow
large chain marketers a government mandated competitive
advantage over small ``mom and pop'' dealers such as myself,
while draining the treasury, and providing little real relief
for farmers. We would be better off taking the money and block
granting it to the states, or finding a way to ensure that the
benefits went to real farmers, not ethanol producers. NCPR
would add that any extension of the highway bill that extends
the ethanol subsidy for another 7 years is to us ``Poison-Tea''
and would force us to oppose the entire bill, though we support
CMAQ funding.
As very small locally owned and operated businesses'
gasoline dealers limited funds limited resources must be used
in a way so as to achieve the maximum environmental bang for
the buck.
If EPA moves forward with these regulation, our limited
resources will be forced into spending money on technology such
as Stage 2 Vapor Recovery, something EPA Administrator Lee
Thomas called ``a costly technological redundancy that will do
little to solve the ozone problem''--instead of spending the
money on underground tank upgrades required by 1998 in order to
protect groundwater. It does not appear that the left hand of
EPA knows what the right hand is doing, and that they are
willing to ``rob Peter to pay Paul''; and that the net result
will be an environmental detriment, as our members limited
resources would be diverted from compliance with the 1998
underground tank regulatory deadline, where they would most
benefit human health and the environment.
It is very important that policy makers at all levels of
government be aware of the fact that thousands of gasoline
station franchise agreements will be coming up for renewal; and
franchisers will be required to decide whether or not to make
the investment in upgrading the facility. In the event the
franchiser decides that it does not wish to make the
investment; the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, 15 U.S.C.
2801, 2802(b)(3)(D), requires that an offer to sell the leased
marketing premises be made to the franchisee. As a result, many
stations and their tanks will be sold and replaced in the
remaining 21 months.
NCPR expects a significant ``1998 Bubble'' to occur, that
will stress the resources of states and their existing
underground tank trust funds. and those of our members. who
need to be focused on addressing this problem. including moving
Sen. Allard's legislation. as opposed to preparing to implement
new air standards, whose benefits are questionable at best.
Gasoline dealers have long been involved in the debate over
clean air, primarily because the dealer and his family, as well
as our employees and their families breath the same air and
drink the same water as our friends and neighbors do. We
sponsor the Little League teams, Boy and Girl Scout troops and
other children's activities, and our children and grandchildren
take part in these activities as well. We take exception to
those who would use our children as pawns, or try to paint
those of us who wish to regulate sensibly as ``anti-child'' in
order to advance their political agendas and ambitions.
S. 1084 passes the common sense test; EPA's new standards
do not.
----------
Statement of Associated Builders and Contractors
Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC) thanks the Senate Clean
Air, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety Subcommittee of the
Environment and Public Works Committee for the opportunity to submit a
statement on the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) regulations on
ozone and particulate matter in the atmosphere. ABC believes the EPA's
new federal air quality regulations for ozone smog and fine particles
could have crippling effects on hundreds of thousands of American
construction workers and cost consumers and businesses billions of
dollars, with little or no health benefit.
ABC is a national trade association representing over 19,000
contractors, subcontractors, material suppliers, and related firms from
across the country and from all specialties in the construction
industry. ABC's diverse membership is bound by a shared commitment to
the merit shop philosophy of awarding construction contracts to the
lowest responsible bidder through open and competitive bidding. This
practice assures taxpayers and consumers the most value for their
construction dollar. With 80 percent of the construction performed
today by open shop contractors, ABC is proud to be their voice.
ABC strongly supports S. 1084, which would retain EPA's existing
air quality regulations for ozone and small particles until research
can be conducted to determine if the agency's more stringent new rules
would benefit public health. EPA could reissue the new standards if the
research showed they were necessary. The legislation would ensure that
the scientific facts are well established before the nation makes a
huge investment in new emission control programs that could, according
to the Reason Public Policy Institute, cost as much as $150 billion
annually. The nation would pay this bill in higher business and
consumer costs, lost jobs, less economic development, and inconvenient
lifestyle changes.
After careful review of the technical and health information and
analyses in the Criteria Document and the Staff Paper prepared by EPA
for this rulemaking, the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee
(CASAC), the agency's expert review panel established by the Clean Air
Act and appointed by the Administrator, concluded there were
significant uncertainties and unanswered questions that had to be
addressed before EPA proceeds with the Particulate Matter (PM)
rulemaking. Additionally, the same panel concluded there was no health
basis to establish new National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
for ozone. ABC concurs with CASAC's opinion and strongly advises EPA to
reaffirm the current standards for PM and ozone while initiating a
targeted research program to resolve the questions and uncertainties
identified during the just-completed review process.
The proposed tightening of the ozone and PM NAAQS, in conjunction
with the highway funding sanction authorities and Metropolitan Planning
Organizations (MPOs) approval requirements of the Clean Air Act
Amendments (CAAA) and 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency
Act (ISTEA), pose enormous restrictions to the transportation
construction industry throughout the United States. The combination of
these new regulatory requirements endangers tens of thousands of jobs
and creates major new constraints to mobility.
Additionally, ABC is concerned that the EPA has not adequately
taken into account the affect these costly new requirements will
undoubtedly have on the American worker and average motorists. If the
EPA succeeds in changing the standard such limitations as mandatory
employee carpooling, centralized state-run emissions inspections, and
the use of more expensive reformulated gasoline are only a few of the
policies that will adversely affect small business. Other transit
initiatives could be higher vehicle taxes and higher tolls in peak
driving times.
Non-vehicle remedies could place restrictions on the use of power
tools, lawn mowers, and snow blowers as well as other equipment. ABC
shares with all Americans an interest in efforts to preserve, protect
and enhance the natural environment. Pollution prevention is in our
nation's interest; however, efforts to reduce emissions must be
balanced with considerations for the safety of those operating the
equipment, as well as the cost and technological feasibility of
achieving any prescribed reductions. Many construction industry workers
rely upon non-road engines in their daily efforts to safely build
construction projects on time and on budget. The performance and
reliability of these engines directly impact a contractor's ability to
successfully execute their contracted responsibilities on the
construction job site.
The EPA initially claimed the new PM/ozone standard would extend
the lives of as many as 20,000 people a year (recently revised down to
15,000 people). Clearly, the extent of this health risk is of concern.
However, exactly which components in urban air are causing the health
problems is not yet well understood. The EPA's preference for
regulating every fine particle in the air before understanding the real
causes and quantifiable health benefits is not a prudent strategy. ABC
is concerned that:
1) The EPA has failed to properly characterize PM concentrations
across the United States. Key technical analyses have not been
completed. For example, the EPA has not determined the chemical
composition or size of the particulate matter that is linked to the
supposed increases in mortality and morbidity. The EPA has also
failed to identify the biological mechanism that would explain the
link between PM<INF>2.5</INF> and increases in mortality. The use
of a nationwide PM<INF>2.5</INF>/PM<INF>10</INF> ratio to estimate
PM<INF>2.5</INF> concentrations is insupportable from the limited
PM<INF>2.5</INF> data available.
2) The EPA has failed to accurately analyze the impact of the new
standard. The EPA has stated its refusal to conduct a small
business analysis for these rules. The Regulatory Impact Analyses
(RIAs) are incomplete; no analysis was conducted on the proposed
secondary ozone standard, no analysis was conducted on impacts to
small businesses, the Unfunded Mandates Act was not addressed, and
the analyses do not estimate the full cost of attaining the
proposed standards throughout the country (there are ``residual
nonattainment areas''). The RIA for ozone rulemaking does not use
the proposed standards in the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking as the
basis for its costs and benefits projections.
3) The EPA has used questionable health impact studies to justify
their actions. There is virtually no PM<INF>2.5</INF> exposure data
on either the general population or on susceptible populations. The
use of community-based epidemiological studies is not appropriate
because individual personal exposures do not correspond to these
community-based studies.
Due to the predominance of small businesses within the construction
industry, ABC remains concerned that compliance with the Clean Air Act
Amendments could have significant adverse affect. We continue to
encourage the Congress to give serious consideration to the impact
these new requirements would have on small businesses.
Associated Builders and Contractors strongly urges that there be no
change in the ozone or particulate matter standards at this time until
more comprehensive scientific studies can be performed. Again, ABC
appreciates the opportunity to submit this statement for the record.
<all>