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Technologies and Equipment
Cogeneration Technologies | Generic Technologies
The production of molten steel mainly involves process heating operations that consume large amounts of fossil fuels (integrated steelmaking) and electricity (electric arc furnace steelmaking). Process heating accounts for more than 80% of the industry's total energy use. Forming processes use mainly electricity to drive casting machines, rolling mills, and other forming and finishing equipment. [DOE 1999]
| Unit Operation |
Purpose |
Major Technologies |
| Process Heating |
Drive chemical reactions, melt scrap, reheat steel prior to processing |
Cokemaking, blast furnace ironmaking, BOF steelmaking, EAF steelmaking, reheating, argon oxygen decarburization |
| Forming |
Shape steel into forms and semi-finished products and products |
Casting, hot and cold rolling, extrusion, drawing, finishing, cutting |
Several large steel industry cogeneration projects have become operational in recent years
Half of steel industry facilities report using adjustable speed motors to increase efficiency
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