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A Advertising (fba in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69 Agriculture (I in Table 19 & App. 4) corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62 incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 59-62, 66; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 59-62, 66; Pennsylvania, 59-62, 66 Air transportation (cai in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 72 Aircraft & parts manufacture (bvb in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 72 Alabama, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations explanation of variations in, 33, 34 in number & capital stock, 34, 36-41 variation with size of incorporation, 42-4, 49 see also Seasonal variation Amusements (FD in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 66, 68-9; New York , 17; Ohio, 18-9, 66, 68-9; Pennsylvania, 68-9 Arizona constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 dates of series, 2 nonbusiness incorporations, 2n, 89-90, 90n period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 Reports of Corporation Commission, 96 sources of data, 96 total incorporations, 32, 96 Arkansas, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Arrows on charts indicate turning points of business, 36 Auditoriums (fdc in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69 Authorized capital stock 'adjusted' 36-40, 79n and number of incorporations, 3, 36-41, 79n as indicator of nature of business, 1-2 relative size 6, 6n, 42, 42n average, in Ohio,40 index of, 34 total, 37-40 total and 'adjusted' contrasted, 36-40 see also Amplitude, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia Automobile & automobile equipment manufacture (BU & bub in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8, 69+ Automobile repair (FU in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 69 B Bakery products -manufacture (baa in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69 Banking (GA in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: episodes in, 24, 26, 27-8; Maryland, 14, 20, 26; New Jersey, 15, 20, 27, 69; New York, 17, 20, 26-8; Ohio, 18-20, 26, 29, 69; Pennsylvania, 24, 24n, 58-9, 69 BELLAMY, EDWARD, 31 Beverage manufacture (BB in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for ' 67-8, 69 Big business effect on incorporations, 31, 50, 69, 72 periods of, 49 BLANDI, J. G., 2, 12, 14, 112 BOER, A. E., 7n Bradstreet's Book of Commercial Ratings, 42, 54-8, 172-5, 172n, 173n,174n,175n Brick & tile manufacture (bpa in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69 Bridges (ccd in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: Maryland, 14, 26; New Jersey, 15, 27; New York, 17, 28; Ohio, 18, 19, 29 Building & loan associations (GB in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: long waves in, 69, 71-2; Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 66, 69, 71; New York, 17; Ohio, 10n, 18-9, 27, 29, 66, 69, 71-2; Pennsylvania, 66, 69, 71-2, 139-40 BURNS, ARTHUR F., 24n, 76n, 85n, 87 Business cycles and incorporations, 1, 3, 24, 31, 75-88 chronology of ('reference dates'), 24n, 88 cyclical analysis, 81-8 see also Episodes in chartering, Long cycles of incorporations, Timing Business services (FB in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 69 Busses, city & suburban (cad in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 72 Busses, interstate & interurban (cae in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 72 C California, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Canals (cam in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 29. Capital stock. See Authorized capital stock Carriers, interstate motor freight (cag in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 72 Central Statistical Board, 53 Chemicals & allied products manufacture (BM in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8 Coal mining (AB in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: New Jersey, 67; Ohio, 66-7; Pennsylvania, 66-7 COLE, A. H., 1n Colorado capital stock of incorporations, 37, 97-8 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 dates of series, 2 incorporations grouped by size, 43-4, 47, 96-7 incorporations, industrial data, 44, 44n, 53n, 73 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 Reports of the Secretary of State, 73, 98 sources of data, 98 total incorporations, 32, 43, 96 trend of incorporations, 47 Combinations and incorporations, 5 see alsoBig business, 'Trusts' Commercial & Financial Chronicle, 47, 49n, 72 Communications (CB in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: long waves in, 68, 70, 72; Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 68, 70; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 68-70; Pennsylvania, 68, 70 Competition between states for corporate chartering, 1, 33 Confectionery manufacture (bab in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69 Conformity, measures of, 87 Connecticut dates of series, 2, 12n no constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11n nonbusiness incorporations, 89-90, 90n period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 sources of data, 99, 100 total incorporations, 12-3, 32, 98-101 trend of incorporations, 33 Consolidations & incorporations, 5 see also Big business, 'Trusts' Constitutional provisions & incorporation under general laws, 11, 12, 20, 31 see also each state Construction (H in Table A & App. 4) corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62 incorporations for: long waves in, 3; Maryland; 14; New Jersey, 15, 59-62, 66; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 59-62, 66; Pennsylvania, 59, 62, 66 Corporation Trust Co., 2, 35 Corporations abortive defined, 4, 4n, 5-6 frequency, 5-7, 6n relation to size of enterprise, 6-7 business, defined, 1-2 existing: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pdnnsylvania, 59, 62 see also Life of corporations Cycles. See Business cycles, Long cycles Cyclical patterns reference-cycle pattern of total incorporations, 87-8 specific-cycle patterns of total incorporations, 85-7 D Dairy products manufacture (baf in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for,69 DAVIS, JOSEPH S., 2, 10, 16, 16n, 20, 20n, 112, 126 Delaware capital stock of incorporations, 364, 103-4 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 dates of series, 2 incorporations grouped by size, 43-4, 47, 49, 101-3 List of Corporations, 104 nonbusiness incorporations, 89-90, 90n period of inclusion in indexes, 34-5, 79, 81 sources of data, 101, 104 total incorporations, 32, 37, 43, 101 trend of incorporations, 3, 31, 33, 49 very large incorporations, 49 Depressions, effect on incorporations, M, 42, 79, 88 see also Timing Dissolutions, voluntary, 6, 9, 9n see also Forfeitures of charters Domestic & personal services (FA in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 68-9 Drug manufacture (bmc in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69 Dun & Bradstreet, 5n Dun's Review, 5n Dun's Statistical Review, 35, 35n E Electric light & power industry (cca. in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations in, 69, 72, 74 Electric World, 74n Electrical machinery manufacture (BS in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8 Entrepreneur, activities reflected in incorporations, 1, 41 5, 27-30, 31, 50, 88 Episodes in chartering banks, 24, 26-7 hypothesis concerning, 27-30 in general, 3, 33, 35, 72-4 insurance, 24, 26-7 mining, 24, 27 petroleum industry, 33, 72 railroads, 21, 24, 27 EVANS, G. H., JR., 1n, 27n F FALKNER, R. P., 34n Ferries (can in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9 Finance (G in Table 19 & App. 4) corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62 incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 59-62, 66,. 69; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9,59-62,66,69; Pennsylvania, 59-62, 66, 69 incorporations in 2-letter categories, 69 Florida capital stock of incorporations, 37, 106 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 dates of series, 2 incorporations grouped by size, 44, 47, 49, 105 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 Reports of Secretary of State, 106 sources of data, 106 total incorporations, 32, 104 trend of incorporations, 47, 49 Food & kindred products manufacture (BA in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8 Footwear manufacture (bfb in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations f or, 69 'Foreign' corporations, 5 Forfeitures of charters and number of incorporations, 6-7, 9 and voluntary dissolutions, 9n classified by size of corporation, 6, 91-3 see also Corporations, abortive Furniture & finished lumber products manufacture (BI in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8 G Gas producing & distributing (acb & ccb in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14, 26; New Jersey, 15, 67; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 66-7, 73; Pennsylvania, 67, 73, 139-0 General incorporation laws constitutional provisions necessitating, 11-2, 20, 31 dominant after 1875, 10 effect of, in Massachusetts, 75 incorporations under Arizona, 32, 96 Colorado, 32, 96-8 Connecticut, 12, 32, 98-101 Delaware, 32, 101-4 Florida, 32, 104-6 Illinois, 32, 107-10 in general, 3, 10, 31 Louisiana, 32, 110 Maine, 12, 32, 111-2 Maryland, 32, 113-9 Massachusetts, 12, 32-21, 75, 119-25 New Jersey, 12, 15, 20, 24n, 27, 32, 60--2, 64-5, 65n, 126-32, 156-9 New York, 12, 16n, 17, 20, 28, 32, 132-3 Ohio, 12, 19--20, 29, 32, 60-2, 64-5, 65n, 134-9, 161-6 Pennsylvania, 32-3, 60-2, 64, 64n, 6", 139-43, 166-8 Texas, 32, 144-9 Virginia, 32, 149-51 Georgia, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 Gold mining (aad in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: Colorado, 73; New Jersey, 66 Golf courses, incorporations for, 50 Government policy, effect upon incorporations, 33 see also Competition, 'Liberal' incorporation laws Great Britain abortive English companies, 6n incorporations in, 35, 75-6 Growth, economic, and incorporations, 1, 72 Growth of incorporations. See Trend H Harvard University Committee on Economic Research, 76 Heating apparatus manufacture (bqe in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69 HEILMAN, A. E., 7n 'High finance', periods of, 49 HOOD, JOHN, 12,15,16,16n, 125 Hotels (faa in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 66; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9; rise in, 69 HUTCHINSON, A. R., 7n HUTCHINSON, RUTH G., 7n I Idaho, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 Illinois amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 33 capital stock of incorporations, 36-7, 40, 108-9 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 dates of series, 2 incorporations gro~iped by size, 44, 47, 49, 107-8 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 35, 79, 81 Reports of Secretary of State, 109 sources of data, 109-10 total incorporations, 32, 40, 44, 107, 109 trend of incorporations, 47, 48 Indexes of incorporation annual aggregate, 33-5, 35n annual median, 33, 33n, 34-5, 35n capital stock, 34 Corporation Trust Co., 35, 76 in general, 3 monthly aggregate, 33-4, 35n, 79-82, 84, 85n, 177-9 monthly median, 35n, 79, 81-5 New York Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, 34-5, 35n, 76 Indiana, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 Individual proprietorship, prior to incorporation, 5 industrial objectives of incorporations classification Scheme, 51-3, 58 criteria for determination of, 12, 16, 20, 50, 53 difficulties in classifying, 50 distribution by 1-letter categories, 59-62, 66-7, 79, 169-70 2-letter categories, 67-9 3-letter categories, 69, 72 full data for 3 States, 153-68 general treatment, 3, 12-29, 50-74 number of categories used in classifying, 63-4 rise of corporations in 3-letter categories, 69, 72 see also Colorado, Maine, Maryland, 'New', New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas; & specific industries Insurance (GI in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: episodes in, 24, 26-8; Maryland, 14, 26; New Jersey, 15, 26; New York, 17, 26-8; Ohio, 18-9, 26, 29 Investment opportunities, reflected in incorporations, 1, 4, 5 Iowa, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 Iron & steel & their products manufacture (BQ in Table 19 App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8 J JACKSON, CHARLES T., 24n K Kansas, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 KEASBEY, E. Q., 132 Kentucky, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 KESSLER, W. C., 16n L LARCOM, R. c., 2, 101 Large incorporations and amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 3, 42-4, 49 Colorado, 43-4, 44n, 47, 97 defined, 42 Delaware, 43, 47, 49, 102-3 effect-on total capital stock, 36-40 Florida, 47, 49, 105 Illinois, 47, 49, 108 Maryland, 45, 47, 49, 116 Massachusetts, 47, 49,122-3 New Jersey, 35n, 46-9, 129-30 Ohio, 46-7, 49, 136-7 Pennsylvania, 47, 49, 141-2 percentage of total incorporations, 42, 44, 47, 49 Texas,47,49,146 trend in, 47, 49 trend in, capital stock of, 34-5 Virginia 49, 150 Laundries (fab in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69 Law, incorporations & changes in private corporate, 33, 75 see also General incorporation laws, Special charter 'Liberal' incorporation laws, 5, 9, 31, 44, 49, 79 Life of corporations life table for Maryland corporations, 7-9 method of stating length of life, 4n Virginia corporations, 9 Local factors, effect on incorporations, 33 Long cycles of incorporations dates for, prior to 1875, 10, 12, 31 explanations for, 21, 27-30, 72 in industry generally, 27 see also Amplitude, Building & loan associations, Business cycles, Communications, Episodes in chartering, Manufacturing, 'Other' public utilities, Public utilities, Rail- roads, Street railways, Transportation, Turnpikes Louisiana constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 dates of series, 2 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 source of data, 110 total incorporations, 32, 110 Louisiana Business Review, 2, 110 M MACGREGOR, D. H., 4, 6n, 42n, 44n, 76 Machinery, manufacture, incorporations for except electrical (BT in Table 19 & App. 4), 67-8 general industrial (btb in Table 19 &App. 4), 69 metal-working (btc in Table 19 & App. 4), 69 Maine Business Corporations, 110, 112 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 dates of series, 2 incorporations, industrial data, 24 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 35, 79, 81 Public Documents, 24 seasonal variation in incorporations, 87 sources of data, 110, 112 total incorporations, 10, 12-3, 32, 77, 110-2 trend of incorporations, 31, 33 Manufacturing (B in Table 19 & App. 4) corporations: New Jersey, 59, 62, 169; Ohio, 59, 62, 169; Pennsylvania, 59, 62, 170 incorporations & business cycles, 78-9 incorporations for: in general, 20-1; Maryland, 14, 20, 23; New Jersey, 15, 202 23, 59-62, 66-8, 78; New York, 17, 20, 23; Ohio, 10n, 18-20, 23, 59-62, 66-8, 78; Pennsylvania, 59-62, 66-8, 78 incorporations in 2-letter categories, 67-8 long cycles in incorporations for, 21, 21n, 28 MARSHALL, ALFRED, 75A Maryland abortive corporations, 5-7 capital stock of incorporations, 37, 40, 117-8 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11,. 12 corporation life table, 7-9 corporations on forfeiture lists classified, 6-7, 91-3 dates of series, 2 forfeiture of corporate charters, 6, 6n, 7, 9 incorporations & business cycles, 75 incorporations & pre-incorporation data, 4-5 incorporations grouped by size, 6, 44-5, 47, 49, 93, 114-6 incorporations, industrial data, 12, 14, 20, 22-6 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 Reports of Bureau of Industrial Statistics, 75n, 119 sources of data, 111, 119 State Tax Commission, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9n tax assessment returns, 4-5,.6 total incorporations, 12-~-3, 32, 45, 112-3 trend of incorporations, 33, 472 49 Massachusetts Abstracts of Returns of C capital stock of incorporations, 40,123-4 dates of series, 2 incorporations & business cycles, 75 incorporations & the 1903 law, 33 incorporations grouped by size, 44, 47, 49, 120-3 no constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 sources of data, 124-5 total incorporations, 10, 12-3, 32, 119-20 trend of incorporations, 47, 49 McGARRY, E. D. 7n Medium-sized incorporations and amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 3, 42-4, 49 Colorado, 43, 97 defined, 42 Delaware, 43, 47, 102 Florida, 47, 105 Illinois 107-8 Maryland, 45, 47, 115 Massachusetts, 47, 121-2 New Jersey, 46, 47, 128-79 Ohio, 46, 136 Pennsylvania, 141 percentage of total incorporations, 42, 442 47, 49 Texas, 145-6 trend for, 47, 49 Virginia, 150 Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review, 24 Michigan, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 MILLER, WILLIAM, 2, 20, 20n, 21, 21n, 24n, 139 Mining & quarrying (A in Table 19 & App. 4) corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62 incorporations for: Colorado, 44, 44n, 73; episodes in, 24, 27; in general, 20; Maine, 24; Maryland, 14, 20, 26; New Jersey, 15, 20, 24, 27, 59-62, 66-7; New York, 17, 20; Ohio, 10n, 18-9, 20, 24, 27, 29, 59-62, 66-7; Pennsylvania, 59-62,66-7 incorporations in 2-letter categories, 67 see also Coal mining, Gas producing & distributing, Gold Mining, Petroleum industry, Silver mining. Minnesota, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Mississippi, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Missouri, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 MITCHELL, WESLEY c., 24n, 76n, 85n, 87 Montana, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Mortality, corporate. See Life of corporations Moving averages and elimination of seasonal variation, 36n, 76 Mutual companies, nonbusiness concerns, 2, 2n, 12, 16, 20, 20n N Name as criterion of nature of business, 2, 2n . Nebraska, constitutional provision concerning incorp., Nevada, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 'New': corporations, 5 fields of corporate enterprise, 31, 63, 64-5 firms generally, 5n New Hampshire, no constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 New Jersey capital stock of incorporations, 37, 130-1 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 corporations in, 59, 62 Corporations of New Jersey, 49n, 132 criteria for nonbusiness incorporations, 2n dates of series, 1-2 general incorporation act, 24n incorporations grouped by size, 44, 46-7, 127-30 incorporations, industrial data, 12, 12n, 15, 16, 20, 21n, 22-4, 24n, 25-7, 53, 59-73, 78-9, 154-91 169 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 sources of data, 125-6 1 132 total incorporations, 10, 10n, 12,-3, 32, 7.7, 125-7 trend of incorporations, 47, 49 very large incorporations, 48, 49 see also Large incorporations New Mexico, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 New York constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 dates of series, 2 general in t, 20 !ncorporati s cycles, 75 incorporations, industrial data, 16-71 20, 23-8, 50 period of inclusion in indexes, 34-5, 79, 81, 84 press releases of Secretary of State, 7n, 50, 75, 76n, 133 Report of the Department of State, 132, 133 small incorporations, 7n sources of data, 132-3 total incorporations, 12-3, 32, 132-3 trend of incorporations, 3, 31, 33 New York Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, 34-5, 35n, . 76 New York State Constitutional Convention Committee, 11n NEWCOMER, MABEL, 7n Nonbusiness incorporations and indexes of business incorporations, 35, 35n criteria for, 2, 2n, 16n see also Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Ohio Nonpar shares, treatment of, 36 North Carolina, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 North Dakota, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 O Objectives of incorporations. See Industrial objectives of incorporations Ohio capital stock of ine9rporations, 37, 39-40, 137-8 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11, 20 corporations in, 59, 62 dates of series, 1-2 incorporations grouped by size, 44 ' 46-7, 49, 135-7 incorporations, industrial data, 10n, 16, 18-20, 21n, 22-7, 29, 50, 53, 59-73, 78-9, 160-6, 169 nonbusiness incorporations, 2n, 89-90, 90n period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 Reports of the Secretary of State, 16, 20n, 50n, 64, 64n, 133, 138 seasonal variation in incorporations, 76 sources of data, 133, 138-9 total incorporations, 10, 12-3, 32, 39, 77, 133-5 trend of incorporations, 33, 47, 49 Oklahoma, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Oregon, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 ORTON, EDWARD, 73n 'Other' public utilities (CC in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: long waves in, 68, 71-2; Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 68, 71; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 68, 71; Pennsylvania, 68, 71-2 OXENFELDT, A. R., 5n, 6n P Paint manufacture (bma in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69 Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy, 35 Partnership, prior to incorporation, 5 Peaks in business. See Business cycles, chronology of Peaks in incorporations dates for ('specific cycles'), 85 lead or lag at business peak, 3, 75-6, 79, 85, 87-8 see also Business cycles, Long cycles, Timing Pennsylvania amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 33 capital stock of incorporations, 37, 142-3 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 corporations in, 59, 62 dates of series, 2 'foreign' corporations, 5 incorporation data tested, 54-8, 171-5 incorporations & changes in the law, 33 incorporations grouped by size, 44, 47, 49, 140-2 incorporations, industrial data, 24, 24n, 53-74, 78-9, 139, 166-8, 170 List of Charters, 50, 54n, 58, 73, 143, 172, 172n Messages of Governor, 74n period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 Public Service Commission, 74 Reports of Banking Commissioner, 58 Report of Water Supply Commissioners, 73 sources of data, 139, 143 total incorporations, 12-3, 32, 77, 139-40 trend of incorporations, 47, 49 Water Supply Commission, 73-4 see also Tests Petroleum production (AC in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: New Jersey, 24, 67; Ohio, 24, 66-7; Pennsylvania, 67, 139-40; Texas, 33, 44, 72-3 Pre-incorporation history, 4-5 Printing, publishing, & allied industries (BK in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations in, 67-8 Public interest, decline in incorporations tinged with, 20, 21, 21n Public utilities (C in Table 19 & App. 4) corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59,.62 incorporations & business cycles, 78-9 incorporations for: Maryland, 14, 20; New Jersey, 15, 20, 59-62, 66, 68, 78, 169; New York,- 17, 20; Ohio, 18-20,.59- 62, 66, 68, 78, 169; Pennsylvania, 59-62, 66, 68, 78, 170 incorporations in 2-letter categories, 68 long cycles in incorporations for, 3, 68 see also 'Other' public utilities Purposes of incorporation, industrial. See Industrial objectives Q Quarrying. See Mining R Radio manufacture (bsb in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 72 Railroads (caa in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: episodes in, 21, 24, 27-30; long waves in, 21, 24, 30, 72; Maryland, 14, 24-6; New Jersey, 15, 24, 24n, 25, 27; New York, 17, 24-5, 27-8; Ohio, 10n, 18-9, 24-5, 29, 72 Random movements. See Episodes in chartering Real estate (GJ in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14, 26; New Jersey, 15, 27, 69; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 29, 69; Pennsylvania, 69 'Reference dates'. See Business cycles, chronology of Renewal of charter, treatment of, 2-3 Reorganization, treatment of, 2-3 Reports of the Constitutional Convention Committee, 11n Review of Economic Statistics, 34, 34n Rhode Island, no constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 S SCHUMPETER, J. A., 1n Seasonal variation computation of index of, 81 in incorporations, 76, 80 use of moving averages, 36n, 76 Service (F in Table 19 & App. 4) corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62 incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 59-62, 66, 68-9; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 59-62, 66, 68-9; Pennsylvania,- 59-62, 66, 68-9 incorporations in 2-letter categories, 68-9 Silver mining (aad in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: Colorado, 73; New Jersey, 66 Size, relative and New York incorporations, 7n and short-lived corporations, 6-7 classification of incorporations by, 3, 6-7, 42-9 criterion of, 42 see also Amplitude, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Large incorporations, Maryland, Massachusetts, Medium-sized incorporations, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Small incorporations, Texas, Virginia Skating rinks, incorporations for, 50 Small incorporations and amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 3, 33, 42-4, 49 and new fields of enterprise, 31 Colorado, 43, 96-7 defined, 42 Delaware, 43-4, 47, 101-2 Florida, 105 Illinois, 107 length of life, 7 Maryland, 45, 47, 114 Massachusetts, 120-1 New Jersey, 46-7, 127-8 Ohio, 46, 13 Pennsylvania, 140-1 percentage of total incorporations, 3, 33, 42, 44, 47, 49 Texas, 144-5 trend for, 47, 49 Virginia, 149 South Carolina, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 South Dakota, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Special charter, incorporation by in general, 3 Maine, 12, 110-11 Maryland, 12, 14, 20, 26, 112 New Jersey, 12,15, 20, 27, 64-5, 125-6, 154-6 New York, 12, 17,20, 28, 132 Ohio, 12, 18, 20, 29, 64-5, 133, 160 Pennsylvania, , 12, 139 period of, 10-30, 31 Statistical Abstract for the United Kingdom, 35 Statistical Abstract of the United States, 34 Statistics of Income, 59 Steamboats (cak in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14, 26; New Jersey, 15, 26; New York, 17, 28; Ohio Stock. See Authorized capital stock, Nonpar shares STOKE, H. W., 132 Stone, clay, & glass products manufacture (BP in Table 19 & App 4) incorporations for, 67-8 Stone, sand, and gravel quarrying (ada, in Table 19 & App. Q1 incorporations for, 69 Street railways (cac in Table 19 & App. 4), a wave of incorporations for, 72 Survey of Current Business, 35, 35n T Tax assessment returns. See Maryland Taxicabs (caf in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 72 Telegraphic communication (cbb in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 26; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9 Tennessee, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Termination of charter. See Dissolutions, Forfeitures of charters Tests capital stock as index of corporate size, 42, 171-4 of accuracy of industrial classification, 54-9, 174-5 Texas capital stock of incorporations, 37, 38, 147-8 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 dates of series, 2 incorporations grouped by size, 44, 47, 49, 144-6 incorporations, industrial data, 33, 44, 53n, 72-3 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 Reports of the Secretary of State, 73, 148 seasonal variation in incorporations, 76 sources of data, 148 total incorporations, 32, 38, 144 trend of incorporations, 31, 47, 49 Textile-mill products manufacture (BD in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8 THORP, WILLARD L., 24n THORPE, FRANCIS NEWTON, 11n Timing of incorporations & business cycles, 3, 75-6, 79, 85, 87-8 of incorporations in different size groups, 44 number of incorporations & authorized capital stock, 35-6 Trade (D & E in Table 19 & App. 4) , corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62 incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 59-62, 66; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 59-62, 66; Pennsylvania, 59- 62, 64, 64n, 66 Transportation equipment (except automobiles) manufacture (BV in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8 Transportation (CA in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: long waves in, 68, 70, 72; Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 68, 70; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 68, 70, 72; Pennsylvania, 68, 70 Trend in incorporations effect of war on, 31 hypothesis concerning, 31 in different industries, 66-9, 72 in different size groups, 47, 49 in general, 3, 21, 30-5 see also Medium-sized incorporations, Large incorporations, Small incorporations Troughs in business. See Business cycles, chronology of Troughs in incorporations dates for ('specific cycles'), 85 lead at business trough, 3, 76, 79, 85, 87-8 see also Business cycles, Long cycles, Timing Trucking & warehousing, local (cah in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69, 72 'Trusts', incorporation of, 47-9, 50 Turning points in business. See Business cycles, chronology of Turnpikes (cce in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: in general, 21; long waves in, 21, 27-8. Maryland, 14, 22; New Jersey, 15, 21n, 22; New York, 17, 21n, 22; Ohio, 18-20, 21n, 22; Pennsylvania, 21, 21n, 22 Twelfth Census of the United States, 42n U U. S. Census Office, on stock as index of corporate size, 42n U. S. Office of Internal Revenue, 59 Utah, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 V VANDERBLUE, H. B., 2, 16, 16n Vermont, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Virginia capital stock of incorporations, 37, 150-1 constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 corporate dissolutions & surrenders of charters, 9 dates of series, 2 incorporations grouped by size, 44, 49, 149-50 life of corporations, 9 period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81 Reports of Corporation Commission, 151 sources of data, 151 total incorporations, 32, 149 trend in incorporations, 49 W War, effect upon incorporations, 31, 33, 35, 64,66, 72, 85n Washington, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Waterworks (ccc & water power of ceg in Table 19 & App. 4) incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14, 26; New Jersey, 15; New York, 17, 26, 28; Ohio, 18-9; Pennsylvania, 72-4 West Virginia, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 WILLIAMS, ALBERT, JR., 73n WILLOUGHBY, WOODBURY, 31n Wisconsin, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11 Wyoming, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
INDEX
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