top navigation:

Invasive Species

Eastern grey squirrel, an invasive species

Eastern grey squirrel, an invasive species in Garry oak and associated ecosystems (photo by Marilyn Fuchs)

Invasive Species and Restoration

We have replaced our former Decision Support Tool for Invasive Species Management (DST) with a new guide, the General Decision Process for Managing Invasive Plant Species in Garry Oak and Associated Ecosystems (GDP), and the more specific information for blackberry, ivy and broom removal has been moved into separate Best Management Practices (BMP). In addition, two new BMPs have been created for orchard-grass and daphne. Additional information for other invasive species is available in our field manual on Invasive Species in Garry Oak and Associated Ecosystems in British Columbia (see below).

The GDP includes an appendix with a new algorithm to help set priorities for invasive species. This tool was developed by the BC Ministry of Forest and Range’s Invasive Alien Plant Program and has been modified for paper use, and is available in Excel format which allows for automatic calculations. Over the coming months we will be filling in 3 of the 4 sets of criteria questions in the algorithm for a number of invasive species in Garry oak ecosystems. This will make the algorithm easier and faster to use.

  • General Decision Process for Managing Invasive Plant Species in Garry Oak and Associated Ecosystems (PDF 69KB)
  • Species Scoring Algorithm (Excel 48KB)
  • Best Practices for Blackberry Management (PDF 81KB)
  • Best Practices for Daphne Management (PDF 200KB)
  • Best Practices for Broom Management (PDF 81KB)
  • Best Practices for Ivy Management (PDF 79KB)
  • Best Practices for Orchard-grass Management (PDF 66KB)
  • The Garry Oak Gardener’s Handbook
  • Best Times to Remove Invasive Species in Victoria,
    courtesy of Patricia Boyle (PDF 44KB)

Background Documents

  • Towards a Decision Support Tool to Address Invasive Species
    in Garry Oak & Associated Ecosystems in B.C.
    (PDF 1MB)
  • Adaptive Management Strategy for the Decision Support Tool for Invasive Species in Garry Oak and Associated Ecosystems (PDF 110KB)

Field manual: Invasive Species in Garry Oak
and Associated Ecosystems in BC

Scientific Name Common Name PDF
PLANTS
Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernalgrass PDF 150KB
Buddleja davidii Butterfly Bush PDF 315KB
Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed PDF 220KB
Cotoneaster spp. Cotoneasters PDF 323KB
Crataegus monogyna English Hawthorn PDF 176kb
Cynosurus echinatus Hedgehog Dogtail PDF 261KB
Cytisus scoparius Scotch Broom PDF 163KB
Dactylis glomerata Orchard Grass PDF 149KB
Daphne laureola Daphne PDF 152KB
WorkSafeBC toxic plant warning about spurge laurel (Daphne laureola) PDF 388KB
Hedera helix English Ivy PDF 168KB
Holcus lanatus Common velvet-grass PDF 171KB
Hypochaeris radicata Hairy Cat’s Ear PDF 346KB
Rubus discolor Himalayan Blackberry PDF 165KB
Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisy PDF 279KB
Ulex europaeus Gorse PDF 159KB
INVERTEBRATES
Arion rufus Black Slug PDF 234KB
Tegenaria agrestis Hobo Spider PDF 331KB
Tegenaria duellica Giant House Spider PDF 331KB
VERTEBRATES
Passer domesticus House Sparrow PDF 203KB
Sciurus carolinensis Eastern Grey Squirrel PDF 191KB
Sturnus vulgaris European Starling PDF 220KB
Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern Cottontail Rabbit PDF 201KB

Annotated Bibliographies on
Ecology and Management of Invasive Species

Scientific Name Common Name PDF
PLANTS
Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernalgrass PDF 42KB
Buddleja davidii Franchet Butterfly bush PDF 509KB
Convolvulus arvensis L. Field bindweed PDF 566KB
Cotoneaster spp. Cotoneasters PDF 471KB
Crataegus monogyna Common Hawthorn PDF 89KB
Cynosurus echinatus Hedgehog Dogtail PDF 104KB
Cytisus scoparius Scotch Broom PDF 80KB
Dactylis glomerata Orchardgrass PDF 61KB
Daphne laureola Daphne PDF 17KB
Hedera helix English Ivy PDF 33KB
Holcus lanatus Common Velvet-grass PDF 184KB
Hypochaeris radicata L. Hairy cat’s ear PDF 464KB
Leucanthemum vulgare Lam Oxeye daisy PDF 437KB
Rubus discolor, R. procerus Himilayan Blackberry PDF 29KB
Ulex europaeus Gorse PDF 76KB
INVERTEBRATES
Arion rufus Black Slug PDF 126KB
Tegenaria duellica
and Tegenaria agrestis
Giant House Spider
and Hobo Spider
PDF 61KB
VERTEBRATES
Passer domesticus House Sparrow PDF 61KB
Sciurus carolinensis Eastern Grey Squirrel PDF 61KB
Sturnus vulgaris European Starling PDF 61KB
Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern Cottontail PDF 61KB

List of exotic (non-native) plant species

List of exotic plant species within Garry oak and associated ecosystems in British Columbia as of January 2003.
Scientific Name Common Name
TREES
Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine
Prunus avium sweet cherry
Prunus domestica common plum
Prunus pissardii = P. cerasifera cv. Atropurpurea cherry plum
SHRUBS
Cotoneaster, several spp rock cotoneaster
Crataegus monogyna common hawthorn
Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom
Daphne laureola laurel-leaved daphne
Hedera helix English ivy
Ilex aquifolium English holly
Ligustrum vulgare common privet
Lycium barbarum (= L. halimifolium) box thorn
Rosa eglanteria sweet brier
Rubus laciniatus cut-leaved blackberry
Rubus procerus (= R. discolor, R. armeniacus) Himalayan blackberry
Ulex europaeus gorse
Vinca major greater periwinkle
Vinca minor common periwinkle
HERBS
Agrostis capillaris (= A. tenuis) colonial bentgrass
Agrostis gigantea (= A. alba, in part) redtop
Agrostis stolonifera (= A. alba, in part) creeping bentgrass
Aira caryophyllea silver hairgrass
Aira praecox early hairgrass
Alliaria petiolata (= Alliaria officinalis) garlic mustard
Allium vineale ssp. vineale field garlic
Alopecurus geniculatus water meadow-foxtail
Alopecurus pratensis meadow meadow-foxtail
Amsinckia menziesii small-flowered fiddleneck
Anagallis arvensis ssp. arvensis scarlet pimpernel
Anthoxanthum aristatum annual vernalgrass
Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernalgrass
Aphanes arvensis (= Alchemilla occidentalis) field parsley-piert
Aphanes microcarpa small-fruited parsley-piert
Arabidopsis thaliana mouse-ear
Arabis holboellii var. retrofracta Holboell’s rockcress
Arenaria serpyllifolia thyme-leaved sandwort
Arrhenatherum elatius tall oatgrass
Artemisia absinthium wormwood
Barbarea vulgaris bitter winter cress
Bellis perennis English daisy
Brassica campestris field mustard
Briza minor small quaking grass
Bromus commutatus meadow brome
Bromus hordeaceus (= B. mollis) soft brome
Bromus inermis smooth brome
Bromus racemosus smooth brome
Bromus rigidus rip-gut brome
Bromus sterilis barren brome
Bromus tectorum cheatgrass
Capsella bursa-pastoris shepherd’s purse
Centaurea biebersteinii (= C. maculosa) spotted knapweed
Centaurea cyanus cornflower
Centaurea melitensis Maltese star-thistle
Centaurea nigrescens short-fringed knapweed
Centaurea paniculata Jersey knapweed
Centaurium erythraea (= C. umbellatum) common centaury
Cerastium fontanum ssp. triviale mouse-eared chickweed
Cerastium glomeratum sticky chickweed
Cerastium semidecandrum little chickweed
Chenopodium album lamb’s quarter
Cichorium intybus chicory
Cirsium arvense Canada thistle
Cirsium vulgare bull thistle
Conium maculatum poison-hemlock
Conyza canadensis horseweed
Crepis capillaris smooth hawksbeard
Cynosurus cristatus crested dogtail
Cynosurus echinatus hedgehog dogtail
Dactylis glomerata orchardgrass
Daucus carota wild carrot
Digitalis purpurea common foxglove
Draba verna common draba
Elymus repens (= Agropyron repens) quackgrass
Erodium cicutarium common stork’s-bill
Festuca rubra (in part) red fescue
Festuca trachyphylla (= F. ovina) hard fescue
Galium aparine cleavers
Geranium dissectum cut-leaved geranium
Geranium molle dovefoot geranium
Geranium robertianum Robert’s geranium
Gnaphalium purpureum purple cudweed
Gnaphalium uliginosum marsh cudweed
Holcus lanatus common velvet-grass
Hordeum murinum seagreen barley
Hypericum perforatum common St. John’s-wort
Hypochaeris glabra smooth cat’s-ear
Hypochaeris radicata hairy cat’s ear
Ilopesis setacea (= Scirpus setaceous) bristle clubrush
Lamium amplexicaule common dead-nettle
Lamium purpureum purple dead-nettle
Lapsana communis nipplewort
Lathyrus latifolius broad-leaved pea-vine
Lathyrus sphaericus grass peavine
Leontodon taraxacoides (= L. nudicaulis) hairy hawkbit
Lepidium densiflorum prairie pepper-grass
Leucanthemum vulgare (= Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) entire-leaved daisy
Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica (= L. dalmatica Dalmatian toadflax
Linaria vulgaris butter-and-eggs
Lolium multiflorum (= L. persicum) Italian ryegrass
Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass
Lotus corniculatus birds-foot trefoil
Lotus tenuis narrow-leaved birds-foot trefoil
Lychnis coronaria rose campion
Marrubium vulgare common horehound
Matricaria discoidea (= M. matricarioides) pineapple weed
Medicago arabica spotted medic
Medicago lupulina black medic
Medicago sativa alfalfa
Melilotus albus white sweet-clover
Muscari botryoides common grape hyacinth
Myosotis discolor common forget-me-not
Narcissus pseudonarcissus daffodil
Phleum pratense common timothy
Plantago lanceolata ribwort plantain
Plantago major common plantain
Plantago media hoary plantain
Poa annua annual bluegrass
Poa bulbosa bulbous bluegrass
Poa compressa Canada bluegrass
Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass
Polygonum arenastrum oval-leaved knotweed
Polypogon monspeliensis rabbitfoot polypogon
Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup
Rorippa sylvestris creeping yellow cress
Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel
Saxifraga tridactylites rue-leaved saxifrage
Sedum acre goldmoss stonecrop
Senecio vulgaris common groundsel
Sherardia arvensis blue-field-madder
Silene anthirrhina sleepy catchfly
Silene gallica small-flowered catchfly
Silene latifolia ssp. alba (= Lychnis alba) white cockle
Solanum dulcamara var. dulcamara European bittersweet
Soliva sessilis carpet burweed
Sonchus arvensis perennial sowthistle
Sonchus asper prickly sowthistle
Stellaria media chickweed
Tanacetum vulgare common tansy
Taraxacum laevigatum red-seeded dandelion
Taraxacum officinale common dandelion
Teesdalia nudicaulis shepherd’s cress
Thlaspi arvense field pennycress
Tragopogon porrifolius common salsify
Trifolium campestre (= T. procumbens) low hop-clover
Trifolium dubium small hop-clover
Trifolium hybridum alsike clover
Trifolium repens white clover
Trifolium subterraneum subterraneum
Triticum aestivum wheat
Veronica arvensis wall speedwell
Veronica officinalis common speedwell
Veronica serpyllifolia var. serpyllifolia thyme-leaved speedwell
Vicia cracca tufted vetch
Vicia hirsuta hairy vetch
Vicia sativa common vetch
Vicia tetrasperma slender vetch
Viola odorata sweet violet
Vulpia bromoides barren fescue
Vulpia myuros var. myuros rattail fescue

Complete list of exotic (non-native)
vertebrate species

Complete list of exotic vertebrate species in Garry oak and associated ecosystems in British Columbia as of February 2002.
Scientific Name Common Name
REPTILES
Podarcis muralis  European wall lizard 
BIRDS
Alauda arvensis  skylark 
Callipepla californica  California quail 
Columba livia  rock dove 
Passer domesticus  house sparrow 
Phasianus colchicus  ring-necked pheasant 
Sturnus vulgaris  European starling 
MAMMALS
Didelphis virgiana  Virginia opossum 
Mus musculus  house mouse 
Oryctolagus cuniculus  European rabbit 
Rattus norvegicus  Norway rat 
Rattus rattus  black rat 
Sciurus carolinensis  eastern gray squirrel 
Sylvilagus floridanus  eastern cottontail