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Identification of risks and management of invasive alien species using the IPPC framework Proceedings of a workshop in Braunschweig,
Germany Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention |
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The workshop entitled Invasive alien species and the International Plant Protection Convention was held in Braunschweig, Germany, 22-26 September 2003. Papers from this workshop have been prepared for publication by the Secretariat of the International Plant Protection Convention, FAO. Editing, supplementary text, page layout and cover design by Barbara Hedley, Byword Pacific Ltd, New Zealand.
Recommended citation:
IPPC Secretariat. 2005. Identification of risks and management of invasive alien species using the IPPC framework. Proceedings of the workshop on invasive alien species and the International Plant Protection Convention, Braunschweig, Germany, 22-26 September 2003. Rome, Italy, FAO. xii + 301 pp.
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
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© FAO 2005
To contact the IPPC Secretariat:
IPPC Secretariat, Plant Protection Service, Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, ITALY
Tel.: (+39) 06 5705 4812
Fax: (+39) 06 5705 6347
E-mail: ippc@fao.org
Web site: www.ippc.int
Abbreviations
Foreword
Welcoming address to the workshop
Section 1: Global overview of the management of invasive alien species
Information digest of section 1
1 The International Plant Protection Convention and invasive alien species
Ralf LopianIntroduction
Relationship between invasive alien species and quarantine pests
Overlapping mandates of international and regional organizations
IPPC activities in relation to invasive alien species
The CBDs guiding principles on invasive alien species and the IPPC
Discussion
Future activities2 The Convention on Biological Diversitys programme of work on invasive alien species
Robert HöftIntroduction
Collaborative initiatives
Programme of work on invasive alien speciesOutline
Why are invasive alien species an international environmental issue?
What instruments and tools have been developed?
What are the main gaps and constraints from the environmental perspective?
How should we move forward at the global, regional and national levels?
Section 2: Regional management of invasive alien species
Information digest of section 2
4 EPPOs regional approach to invasive alien species
Ian M. SmithIntroduction
Quarantine pest concept
EPPO regional approach
Origins and pathways
Application of EPPO regional standards5 Developing the European Strategy on Invasive Alien Species
Clare Shine and Piero GenovesiWhy does Europe need a strategy on invasive alien species?
Why develop the strategy under the Bern Convention?
Process for development of the strategy
Who is the strategy for?
Summary of contentIntroduction
Border control of imports and other pathways from non-EU countries
Measures between and within EU member states
Information exchange, monitoring and research
Regulated organisms, the precautionary principle and pest risk analysis
Other elements referred to in the guiding principles
Section 3: Legislative frameworks for phytosanitary measures
Information digest of section 3
Introduction
Outline of the methodology
Nature and sources of introduction of invasive alien species
Applicable global and regional instruments
Ratification status of applicable instruments
Existing relevant legislation and institutions
Conformity of existing legislation with international instruments
Determination of form and content of legislation
Capacity for implementationIntroduction
Impacts of invasive alien species in China
Reasons for alien species invading China
The existing phytosanitary system
Developing harmonization of national regulations with international agreements
Harmonization of national phytosanitary standards with the IPPC
Achievements and future direction
Invasive alien species and international cooperation9 The plant quarantine order in India
Amand ShahPlant quarantine structure and policy in India
Why a new plant quarantine regulation?
Salient features of the new Order
Harmony with the IPPC
Issue of import permits
Enhancement of plant quarantine facilities
Action plan for pest risk analysis
Policy for the control of invasive alien species in India and related policy initiatives
Section 4: Pest risk analysis, including analysis of environmental risk
Information digest of section 4
10 Pest risk analysis: global harmonization benefits biodiversity
Bram de HoopIntroduction
Pest risk analysis
Phytosanitary measures
More specific standards
New developments
Dispute settlement and jurisprudenceIntroduction
Current guidelines for pest risk analysis
Identifying species or pathways that pose an environmental risk
Pest risk analysis for pests causing indirect injury to plants
Uncertainty in environmental risk analysis
Conclusions and recommendations12 Pest risk assessments: tools, resources and key challenges
Richard Baker and Alan MacLeodIntroduction
National and international data sources
Assessing entry potential
Assessing establishment potential
Assessing economic, environmental and social impacts
Conclusions13 Adaptation of regional pest risk assessment to the revised ISPM 11
Gritta SchraderIntroduction
Analysis of environmental risks
The EPPO pest risk assessment scheme
Structure of the EPPO PRA scheme
Adaptations to the revised ISPM 11
Applicability of the EPPO scheme to plants as pests
Outlook and conclusions14 Use of the weed risk assessment tool in Australias approach to pest risk analysis
Paul PheloungIntroduction to Galapagos
The problem of alien species
Development of regulations and control systems
Adapting the weed risk assessment model
Measures for invertebrate species16 Science and regulation: a Canadian approach to invasive alien species
Eric Allen and Lesley CreeIntroduction to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Pest risk assessment within the CFIA
Traditional pest risk assessments
The Phytophthora ramorum example
Other non-traditional pest risk assessments
Canadian Forest Service invasive alien species programme
Canadian Forest Service and the international community
Benefits and challenges of the partnership approach
Section 5: National perspectives on invasive alien species
Information digest of section 5
Evaluating the problem of invasive alien species
What does invasive mean for nature conservation?
Conditions and measures
Nature conservation activities in Germany
ConclusionsIntroduction
The political background
Elements of the German national strategy
Focal points of legal problems19 Invasive alien species: toward a national plan for Canada
Mark HovorkaContext
Progress to date
Toward a national plan: a discussion document
A focus on plants
Invasive alien species and the IPPC: an environment perspective
Section 6: Policies for pest risk management
Information digest of section 6
20 Translating pest risk analysis into policy: the CFIA approach
Gregory WolffIntroduction
Pest risk analysis
International obligations and principles
Plant protection strategies
International standards
Dialogue and communications
Conclusion21 Contingency planning for plant pest incursions in Australia
Paul PheloungIntroduction
Planning for pest incursions
Offshore activities
Surveillance
Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy
Diagnostics and biology of pests
Legislative and administrative aspects
Preparedness and response planning
Case studies of incursion preparedness and responses for specific pests22 Contingency planning in the Netherlands
Maarten SteeghsGeneral aspects of contingency planning
Results of the planning process
Conclusions
Section 7: Implementation and national delivery capacity
Information digest of section 7
Introduction
PCE aims
PCE rationale
PCE strategy
PCE outcomes
PCE conclusions
PCE results in relation to invasive alien speciesIntroduction
Main provisions of ISPM 3
Approach to assessing use of ISPM 3
Key findings
Conclusions on the use of ISPM 325 Speed detection of pests in China
Ning HongIntroduction
General pest detection measures and methods in China
Researching speed detection methods for phytosanitary use
Rapid detection methods for pests of citrus
Application of the speed detection methods in China26 Invasive alien species in Kenya: status and management
Chagema Kedera and Benson KuriaIntroduction
Quarantine measures to prevent unintentional introductions
Quarantine measures taken during intentional introduction of alien species
Eradication, containment and control
Research and monitoring of alien invasive species
Regional and international cooperation
Capacity building
Education and public awareness
Conclusion27 Phytosanitary programmes in Germany
Reiner SchrageOrganization of the plant protection service in Germany
Phytosanitary operations in North Rhine-Westphalia28 Monitoring the delivery of plant health controls in the EU
Lars ChristoffersenBackground
Organization
Implementation of the work
Conclusions29 Invasive species and the Working for Water programme in South Africa
Jan Hendrik VenterIntroduction
The Working for Water programme
Removal or eradication of invasive plants
Auditing
Legislation
Implementation of the programme
Research
Sustainable development
Other key components of the programme
ConclusionIntroduction to the threat to biodiversity
Implications for pest risk analysis
The way forward
How the Invasive Species Specialist Group can help31 Web tools to identify, report and map invasive species in North America
John PickeringIntroduction to Discover Life
Web tools relating to invasive alien speciesThe taxonomic impediment
BioNET and the LOOPs
LOOPs, the IPPC and invasive alien species
BioNET, the CBD and the IPPC34 SAFRINET strategy and the International Plant Protection Convention
Arundel SakalaIntroduction
SAFRINET strategy
SAFRINET achievements
SAFRINET, IPPC and technology developers partnerships
Section 8: Information exchange
Information digest of section 8
35 Information exchange and the International Phytosanitary Portal
Brent LarsonIPPC obligations for information exchange
Development of the International Phytosanitary Portal36 EPPO information exchange
Ian M. SmithIntroduction
EPPO information sources on paper
EPPO electronic information sources37 NAPPO and exotic pest information
Woodward D. BaileyIntroduction
Response to exotic pests by the United States
Cooperative action through NAPPO
The Phytosanitary Alert System Panel38 Sources of invasive species information in the South Pacific
Maj De Poorter39 Invasive alien species and the IPPC: the role of CAB International
Roger DayIntroduction
Development and publication of information products
Taxonomy and pest identification
Networking and coordination
Support for standard setting
Global Invasive Species Programme
Recommendations arising from the workshop
Appendix 1: List of international standards for phytosanitary measures
Appendix 2: Workshop exercises and discussion
Introduction to the exercises
Exercise 1: Methodology for review of a legal regime for the phytosanitary control of invasive alien species
Exercise 2: Pest risk analysis
Exercise 3: Weed risk assessmentAppendix 3: List of workshop participants and workshop programme