Zune

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Zune

Manufacturer	Microsoft
Type	Portable media player
Release date	November 14, 2006 (Zune 30) [1] November 13, 2007 (Zune 4, 8, 80) [2] June 13, 2008 (Zune 4, 8, 80) September 16, 2008 ( Zune 16, 120) [3][4]
Retail availability	November 14, 2006 June 13, 2008
Units sold	2+ million (as of July 2008)[5]
Operating system	Windows Embedded[citation needed]
CPU	Freescale i. MX31L processor ARM Core
Storage capacity	4, 8, and 16 GB flash drive 30, 80, and 120 GB hard drive
Display	1.8in Glass LCD screen, resolution 240×320 (Zune 4, 8, 16) 3in QVGA LCD screen, resolution 240×320 (Zune 30) 3.2in Glass LCD screen, resolution 240×320 at 4:3 aspect ratio (Zune 80, 120)
Connectivity	Wi-Fi (Zune-Zune, Sync-PC, Microsoft Surface) USB
Online services	Zune Marketplace
Touchpad	Circular Directional Pad (non-touch) (30 GB release) Touch-sensitive Zune Pad (4, 8, 16, 80, 120 GB releases)
Units sold	2+ million (as of July 2008)[5]

Zune is a brand of digital media players and services sold by Microsoft. It includes portable media players, Zune Software which includes the Zune Marketplace providing online music, videos, podcast, and channel sections. ^[6] The primary competitors are Apple iTunes, iPod classic and iPod nano. The devices come in two styles, all of which play music, videos, podcasts, display images, and receive (but not record) FM radio. They can share files wirelessly with other Zunes and with Xbox 360s and Windows PCs via USB. Also a Zune can be linked with a PC allowing it to wirelessly sync with the linkedWindows PC.

The Zune companion software, which runs on Windows XP and Vista, allows users to manage files on the player, rip audio CDs, manage music, buy songs, music videos, and TV shows at the online store using Microsoft Points or with a Zune Pass allowing you to download unlimited songs plus keep ten each month^[7].

Contents 1 History 1.1 Zune 3.0 2 Devices 2.1 Models 2.2 Preloaded content 2.3 Specifications 2.4 Accessories 2.5 Firmware 3 Zune Software 3.1 History 4 Zune Marketplace 5 Sales and marketing 5.1 Marketing 5.2 Sales 5.3 Availability outside the U.S. 6 Criticism 6.1 Digital rights management 7 See also 8 References 9 External links

[edit] History

The first Zune model was released in the United States on November 14, 2006, featuring 30GB of capacity, bult in Wifi, and FM Radio, and a Widescreen 3 inch screen. The original Zune came bundled with basic headphones, a carrying case, USB connection cord, and software CD. The Zune 4, 8 and 80 were announced on October 2, 2007^[8]. The new Zune 80 Zune 80 feature a 3.2 inch widescreen, with the Zune 4 and 8 come with an 1.8 inch widescreen, both came with a new touchpad-style input device, and a new software (also available for the Zune 30) came with additional file support for H.264 and MPEG-4 file (although the older Zune 30 requires these formats to be transcoded to WMV prior to sync), the ability to sync wirelessly (automatically if connected to a power supply but can be manually started without it), podcast support, and an upgraded song-sharing licensing. The new software also allows a Zune to communicate with other Zunes. The free firmware update added the new software features to the original Zune (now called the Zune 30) and was released on November 13, 2007.^[9] The Zune 80 came bundled with a USB connection cord and permium headphones. The Zune 4 and 8 came with a USB connection cord and basic headphones.

The first-generation Zune was created while Microsoft was in close cooperation with Toshiba, which took the design of the Gigabeat S and redeveloped it under the name Toshiba 1089 as registered with the FCC starting in the year 2006.^[10] Xbox 360 overseer J Allard ran the project, codenamed ‘Argo’, which consisted of some Xbox and MSN Music store developers,^[11] who worked on ‘Alexandria’ and finalized it as Zune Marketplace,^[12] then later unveiled both products united under a single brand in the U.S. market as the Zune.

The second-generation Zune 4 GB, 8 GB, and 80 GB are manufactured by Flextronics, the 4 and 8 GB Zunes are flash-based and smaller in size than the 80 GB version and . The 30GB Zune was not redesigned.

[edit] Zune 3.0

On September 8, 2008, Microsoft announced the Zune 3.0 update, which includes the ability to tag for purchase songs heard on FM radio, channels which can be customized to deliver suggested songs for the user, the ability to purchase songs from the Zune device via the Zune Marketplace, as well as updates to the Zune software. The update also included two sample games, Hexic and Texas Hold'em. In addition, support for audiobooks from online stores like Audible.com, and Public Libraries that support OverDrive media files such as the Free Library of Philadelphia was added.^[13][14][15] Other noticeable changes included the introduction of a clock, and the change of the "quicklist" functionality. Zunes also featured games developed using XNA. Games feature custom soundtracks and 8-player wireless multiplayer using the built-in Wi-Fi. An early version of XNA Game Studio 3.0 released on May 7, 2008 allows developers to work on games that can be played on the Zune.^[16]

On November 18, 2008, the Zune 3.1 update was introduced which is primarily a stability-oriented release, but also introduced a few additional games for the Zune device. However, a new policy announced on November 20, 2008 allows Zune Pass customers to download 10 tracks per month in the protection-free MP3 format (if available) for permanent ownership otherwise WMA Protected format will be downloaded, in addition to the existing "all you can eat" subscription usage, at an unchanged monthly cost.

[edit] Devices

[edit] Models

For the Main Articles, go to: Zune 30, Zune 4, 8, 16 or Zune 80, 120.

The 30 GB Zune was the first Zune music player. It has a 30 GB hard drive, 3” screen, and simple directional pad for menu navigation. The second generation of the Zune consists of the Zune 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 80GB and 120GB. The Zune 4, 8 and 16 feature a smaller size and hold 4, 8 and 16GB of flash memory, respectively. The 80GB Zune is the replacement to the Zune 30 that is also thinner and lighter. All the second generation Zunes have a Zune Pad instead of the simple directional pad that was included on the Zune 30. Microsoft did, however, distribute a mass upgrade for all Zune models (including the Zune 30) to the Zune's second generation software/firmware. On the back of all models it says "Hello From Seattle (Model #) Assembled in China", signifying that Microsoft is based in Seattle and the Zune is assembled in China.

In June 2008, Microsoft's Robbie Bach in an interview with the SFGate said that a touch-operated Zune that he says will be "a cornerstone of what we do," is in the works. Although Microsoft has not yet officially announced the “Zune Touch”, pictures surfaced on the web showing that the "Zune Touch" uses a similar interface as its predecessors.^[17]

[edit] Preloaded content

Main article: List of Zune preloaded content

Zune featured preloaded content in both audio and video formats from various artists like BT, The Thermals, Paul Oakenfold, CSS. Special editions featured their own unique set of content.

[edit] Specifications

	Zune 30	Zune 4	Zune 8	Zune 16	Zune 80	Zune 120[18]
Size	2.4 × 4.4 × 0.58 inches/6.1 × 11.2 × 1.5 cm	1.6 × 3.6 × 0.33 inches/4.1 × 9.1 × 0.8 cm			2.4 × 4.25 × 0.5 inches/6.1 × 10.8 × 1.3 cm
Weight	5.6 ounces/158.8 g	1.7 ounces/47 g			4.5 ounces/127.6 g
Screen	3 inches/7.6 cm (240×320 pixels)	1.8 inches/4.6 cm (240×320 pixels)			3.2 inches/8.1 cm (240×320 pixels)
Storage	30GB HDD	4GB Flash	8GB Flash	16GB Flash	80GB HDD	120GB HDD
Wi-Fi	Zune-to-Zune, sync with computer / wireless network / wireless multiplayer gaming / wireless shopping from Zune devices as of September 16, 2008 (with firmware update)	Zune-to-Zune, sync with computer / wireless network / wireless multiplayer gaming / wireless shopping from Zune devices as of September 16, 2008
Colors	Black (JS8-00001), Brown (JS8-00003), White (JS8-00002), Hot Pink (JS8-00008), Pink[19]	Black (Glossy Black in 16GB only), Green, Red, Pink, Blue (8GB only in retail, 16GB through Zune Originals)[19]			Black, Red (previously available only as a Valentine's Day promotion, and later as a customization option for Zune Originals)[19]	Black[20]
Limited Editions	Orange (JS8-00007)[21], Brown (Halo 3)[22], Red, Pink with Diamonds (Nylon Magazine)[23], Black (Halo 3[24], Wisin & Yandel[25], Adult Swim[26], Microsoft Interns [27])	Citron 16GB (Zune Employees)[28], Gold 8GB (GOODS)[29], Black 8GB (Allen Iverson)[30], Green 4GB (2008 Democratic National Convention)[31], Red 4GB (2008 Republican National Convention)[31]			Gold (GOODS) [29], Black (Joy Division)[32]	Black (Gears of War 2)
Navigation	Circular Directional Pad	Zune Pad
Released	November 2006	November 2007		September 2008	November 2007	September 2008
Price (USD at launch)	$249.95	$149.99	$199.99	$199.00	$249.99	$249.99
Price (USD recommended today)	$199.99	$99.99	$139.99	$179.00	$229.99	$249.99

[edit] Accessories

The Zune comes with earphones, USB data cable, and carrying bag (Zune 30 only). The Zune 80 model comes with upgraded "Zune Premium" headphones. Accessories sold separately include:

• Charging devices (car adapter, AC wall-socket adapters, external battery).
• I/O adapters (A/V composite, FM transmitters, headphones, USB data cable).
• Docks (charging, multimedia large speaker, vertical hands-free assist).
• Protection (glass screen protection, hardened/cushioning material case protection).
• Carrying cases (standard issue, armband type, and belt clip).
• Replacement parts and upgrades (battery, hard drive, LCD, etc.).

Among the firms that make Zune accessories are Microsoft, Altec Lansing, Belkin Corp., Digital Lifestyle Outfitters (DLO), Dual Electronics, Griffin Technology, Harman Kardon and JBL, Integrated Mobile Electronics, Jamo International, Klipsch Audio Technologies, Logitech, Monster Cable Products Inc., Speck, Targus Group International Inc. and VAF Research.^[33]

[edit] Firmware

Users often refer to on-device software as firmware, differing from the desktop media player as Zune software. Zune’s operating system is based on Windows CE kernel for ARM architecture and uses a distribution like the Portable Media Center found on the Gigabeat S. Zune’s native file compatible formats are

• JPEG for images;
• WMV is supported on all models, and MPEG-4 and H.264 are supported for video on all models except the Zune 30. The MPEG-4 and H.264 formats are automatically transcoded to WMV by the Zune software when syncing to a Zune 30;
• MP3, AAC (.m4a), Zune Marketplace (restricted and DRM free), WMA Pro (2-channel), WMA Standard, WMA lossless for audio.

The graphical user interface (GUI) (called the “twist interface” by Microsoft) has sections for music, videos, pictures, social, radio, podcasts, marketplace, games and settings. It is said to provide “two-dimensional navigation” for scrolling through items with its directional pad.^[34] In the music section, users can add songs to a quick playlist without reconnecting to the desktop software. In the picture section, the background can be personalized using any image as wallpaper. In the radio section, users can receive and play FM radio internally, with North American, Japanese, and European tuning ranges and show song information on supported FM stations. In the social section, users can broadcast user profile and current activity to others nearby. In the setting section, users can control backlight settings and output analog TV in with purchase of a separate connection.

The very first updates to the firmware added sharing features (send, community, list nearby Zune users) as described in FCC filings.^[35] [36] Firmware 1.1 allowed the device to inherit sharing capabilities described by codename Pyxis. Early firmwares patched software bugs. Later, the much anticipated 2.2 firmware released from about a year after first generation Zune added support for DVR-MS (Media Center Recorded TV) files, lossless playback, added wireless syncing, and GUI interface improvements.^{[citation needed]}

Zune supports the Windows Media DRM (WMDRM) digital rights management system, which is not compatible with other DRM systems including Plays for Sure and is not part of the PlaysForSure platform or program.^[37] [38] Multimedia content is transferred through Media Transfer Protocol (MTP); however, its proprietary MTP extensions ("MTPZ") place an interoperability barrier between the Zune and previous MTP-based software.

[edit] Zune Software

The Zune software functions as management software for the device, a full media player application with a library, an interface to the Zune Marketplace, and as a media streaming server using Zune Network Sharing Service.^[39]

The Zune device was designed to only work with the Zune Software. The software synchronizes all content (music, videos, pictures, social, podcasts, and games) to the device doing any necessary transcoding for a file to play on the device.

As a media player, the Zune software supports the following formats — for audio: MP3 (.mp3), AAC (Low complexity) (.aac, .mp4, .m4a, .m4b, .mov), WMA (.wma); for video: MPEG4 (in .mp4, .m4v and .mov containers), H.264 (in .mp4, .m4v and .mov containers), WMV (.wmv), ASF (.asf); and for still images: JPEG (.jpg). It organizes the media in its library and allows users to add to the library by ripping from CDs and to organize the metadata. It can automatically pull down album art and metadata tag data for content in the library.

On the PC, the Zune Network Sharing Service streams files to other PCs, the Xbox 360, and other compatible devices. There is also an inbox feature in the desktop client software as well on the device, which keeps track of songs swapped with other Zune users. On the desktop client, the inbox also serves as a message center for Zune Social. Zune requires Windows XP or Vista.

[edit] History

The 1.0 versions were a modified version of Windows Media Player 11^{[citation needed]} while versions since 2.0 are built independently with additional DirectShow decoders for AAC, MPEG-4 and H.264. The current version of the software is 3.1.620.0 released on November 18th, 2008. Several versions of the software have been released.

[edit] Zune Marketplace

The Zune Marketplace is an online music, video and podcast store that integrates with the software. Initially offering two million songs it grew to more than three million songs. With the update to version 2.5 the Zune Marketplace also offer TV shows for download and Music Videos are properly distinguished and sectioned. Music on the marketplace is provided by the big four music groups (EMI, Warner Music Group, Sony BMG, Universal Music Group) and smaller music labels. TV shows are provided by NBC. Like other tech companies in the music business, the Zune team at Microsoft has a team of music experts responsible for the Zune marketplace editorial content and programming. The team is led by Kyle Hopkins (also known as DJ “Kid Hops” on KEXP-FM).^[48] Music Content is offered in DRM-restricted WMA format (2-pass CBR @ 192kbit/s) or non-DRM MP3 format (256kbit/s) for a per-song or per-album fee, or via a Zune Pass monthly/Quarterly subscriptions.

Songs downloaded from the Marketplace are restricted by DRM similar to yet slightly different from PlaysForSure DRM, meaning that songs purchased from PlaysForSure partners could not be playable in Zune Software, although the reverse is true. Internally, Zune DRM is referred to as “9.1”, differentiating itself from PlaysForSure DRM, which is version “9”. While removal of PlaysForSure DRM has been facilitated with several tools, none would remove Zune DRM until July 14, 2007 when one of the tools (“FairUse4WM” [Windows Media]) was updated to support removal of the Zune DRM wrapper, thus allowing interoperability between the platforms. As of September 6th, 2007, an update from Microsoft has broken FairUse4WM once again, resulting in that anyone with the updated license cannot strip the DRM (presumably until FairUse4WM is updated again). Note that updating the Zune software to the most recent version (3.1 as of November 2008) will not affect previously functioning DRM components.

Purchases are made through a system called Microsoft Points, in which users prepay US$5 for a block of 400 points that can be applied to downloads at 79 points per song. This works out to $0.9875 per song, plus whatever remainder is left after a user makes his or her final purchase from the Marketplace. Cost and minimum purchase varies with foreign currency exchange rates and taxes. The points used for the Zune Marketplace are the same points used to buy media from the Xbox Live Marketplace. Purchased songs can be burned as a regular CD audio.

As an alternative to Microsoft Points, the Zune Pass is a subscription service that allows users to pay a flat monthly fee of US$14.99 (as of November 2008). Zune Pass subscribers can download unlimited music from the Zune Marketplace. Microsoft has also added some television shows from major networks such as NBC and FOX. Zune Pass downloads cannot be burned to audio CD unless purchased, and become unplayable if the subscription lapses, or if in the future Microsoft should decide to discontinue the service. The Zune pass allows for 3 Zunes to share the downloaded DRM content as well as the content to be downloaded on up to 3 computers.^[49] A 14-day free Zune Pass is made available upon creating a Zune account. As of November, 2008, Zune Pass subscribers are also able to keep 10 songs per month. This is offered in the form of a 10-song credit each month that doesn't rollover. The songs can be purchased as DRM-free MP3 files, when available.

With the launch of the second generation Zunes, the Marketplace presented its own interface as opposed to being a modified version of URGE, and dropped DRM for around 1 million tracks (out of roughly 3 million). DRM-free MP3s sell for a slightly higher price than protected tracks, and are encoded at 320 Kbp/s. Unlike DRM-free songs purchased from iTunes, DRM-free songs from Zune Marketplace do not have watermarks intended to identify the person who initially purchased the song^[50]. Music Videos and Podcasts were also added to the Marketplace. Podcasts however, are offered free of charge even to non-Zune Pass subscribers.

The Zune 3.0 firmware allows the device to purchase songs from the marketplace while connected to a wireless access point. To help push this feature, Microsoft partnered with Wayport to allow the Zune access to its network of over 10,000 wireless hotspots, including McDonald's restaurants.^[51]

[edit] Sales and marketing

[edit] Marketing

Microsoft launched several campaigns to jump-start the Zune. The company had planned a $100 million campaign to promote Zune with "Music the way it wants to be" as a major theme and “Welcome to the social” as an advertisement tagline.^[52] Also, the company had enlisted about 300 “Zune masters” to advertise the device on American college campuses, to promote the item, and to run Zune-related events as expected. In exchange, they have received free merchandise, including a Zune.^[53]

Additionally, Microsoft launched an attempt at "viral marketing" with its "comingzune" site, complete with several videos in succession^[54]. Along with ZuneInsider, and several other ad hoc events, Microsoft hoped to generate buzz for the product outside of the normal marketing avenues, and market its product as a part of a social construct.^[55]

The choice of branding and distribution were part of the Zune as a decision of "two strategies in the market right now: cross-brand ecosystems... and singular brand ecosystems... The former is gaining in share and units sold, but the latter has enormous share and won't give that up easily."^[38]

Microsoft normally follows a platform (cross-brand) strategy, as exemplified by the PlaysForSure system. However, its Xbox division has gained some experience with the vertically-integrated strategy in which it controls everything end-to-end from the hardware to the online store. With Apple dominating the audio market with its vertically-integrated iPod system, the Xbox division won permission to try the same approach, separately from PlaysForSure and PlayReady.

Microsoft also wanted to go beyond Apple’s efforts and promote the tagline "the social" and Wi-Fi (wireless sharing) as key differentiators. Chris Stephenson, leader of Zune's marketing and manager of Global Marketing for the Entertainment Business,^[56] said, "we see a great opportunity to bring together technology and community to allow consumers to explore and discover music together."^[38] New York Times Magazine columnist Rob Walker agrees that the Zune's "community and togetherness seem like a reasonable counterpunch to iPod's supposed attraction as an individuality enabler that allows owners to wallow in their own tasteful personal soundtracks." But he also sees the Zune as having gained appeal as an individualistic statement against the omnipresent iPod: "The most salient feature of the Zune seems to be that it's not an iPod".^[57]

Microsoft also released a Zune theme for Windows XP that replaced the appearance of the operating system. This theme includes an orange Start button and black taskbar/Start menu.

Zune has also expanded its brand efforts by creating a gen-y friendly website and campaign focused on emerging artist talent: Zune Arts

MySpace has added the feature to label music players on personal profiles to Zune-themed or a red Zune 8.

[edit] Sales

NPD Group
Zune’s Hard Disk Unit Share

D '06	J '07	F	M	April	May
10.2%[58]	9.9%[58]	8.7%	9.1%	9.2%	11.3%

During its launch week, the original Zune, now Zune 30, was the second-most-sold portable media device with a 9% unit share in the United States; behind the market-leading iPod's 63%.^[59] For the first 6 months after launch, NPD Group figures show that the Zune 30 achieved approximately 10% ^[58][60][61] market share in the Hard Drive based MP3 market and 3% ^[62][63][64] in the overall MP3 player market. According to Bloomberg Television 1.2 million Zune 30 players were sold between November 2006 and June 2007,^[65] surpassing a milestone.^[66] A price drop on Amazon.com during November 2007 temporarily boosted the brown Zune 30 to the top Sales Rank in electronics.

On May 6, 2008, Microsoft announced that it had sold just over 2 million Zunes. Roughly one million of those were sold since the second generation Zunes launched in November 2007.^[67].

On May 22, 2008, TheStreet.com reported that GameStop "has decided to stop selling Microsoft's Zune players at its stores due to what it sees as insufficient demand from customers." TheStreet commented that "GameStop has hundreds of stores across the country and losing that distribution channel could hurt Zune sales," but quoted Adam Sohn, Zune marketing manager's response "We have a set of great partnerships ... Best Buy, Target, Wal-Mart, and others."^[68]

[edit] Availability outside the U.S.

Microsoft released the Zune to Canadian consumers on June 13, 2008, marking the first time it will be available outside the U.S.^[69] A Microsoft spokesperson said a European launch might not occur until 2009.^[70][71] Microsoft has even made efforts to ban visitors outside the U.S. from http://www.zuneoriginals.net. Users wishing to sign up for a Zunetag can easily circumvent most problems by signing up for a US based account. ^[72]

According to Microsoft France's Francois Ruault, Zune will debut in Europe Fall 2009, along with the release of the third generation Zune ^[73]

In keeping with Microsoft's US-only policy, the Zune does not support non-English fonts other than Cyrillic. East Asian characters used in Chinese and Japanese, for example, show up on the Zune device as small "boxes" instead of characters. Microsoft's Zune desktop software has no problem with Unicode.

[edit] Criticism

It has been suggested that some of the information in this article's Criticism or Controversy section(s) be merged into other sections to achieve a more neutral presentation. (Discuss)

[edit] Digital rights management

Several entities have expressed the effect of Microsoft imposing Digital Rights Management (DRM) passively on the customer before and immediately after the introduction of the Zune. The Electronic Frontier Foundation, in opposition to the Zune’s DRM, wrote:

“

Microsoft’s Zune will not play protected Windows Media Audio and Video purchased or ‘rented’ from Napster 2.0, Rhapsody, Yahoo! Unlimited, Movielink, Cinemanow, iTunes, or any other online media service. The Zune will not even play content previously purchased from Microsoft’s own MSN Music service. ...The media that Microsoft promised would Play For Sure doesn't even play on Microsoft’s own device.[74]

”

The EFF calls this “a stark example of DRM under the DMCA giving customers a raw deal.”^[75] Technology reviewer Leo Laporte of G4techTV Canada said in his November 11, 2006 radio show that Zune may be the “beginning of the end” for DRM as a business tactic.^[76]

Before the release of Zune 2.0, restrictive wireless-transfer policy and “three days or three plays whichever comes first” rule were noted.^[77][78] Extra restrictions resulted for (1) those with a Zune Pass;^[79] (2) all songs regardless if the song had copyright or DRM or even if the user created the song; ^[80] (3) a registered “play” for any portion of a song;^[81][78][82] (4) prevention in song re-trades.^[82]

Later on, 40% of popular Zune store downloads were discovered non-exchangeable, triggering a “cannot send some songs due to rights restrictions” message.^[83] Microsoft attributed the problem to a “new experience, and its implementation is in a version 1.0 stage [...] working to expand the number of songs that can be shared.”^[84] Initially, observers criticized music publishers, UMG and Sony, for what was assumed to be an intentional restriction, while complaining why not disclose which songs could not be shared.^[85] Music publishers denied having placed any such restrictions.^[84]

Microsoft later became less strict in its use of DRM. With the introduction of the Zune 4G, 8G, 80G devices and a firmware upgrade to 2.0 for Zune 3.0, the next version of Zune Marketplace dropped the DRM for around a third of its tracks. Also, the “three days or three plays” rule were cut to simply “three plays”, with no timed expiration, and traded tracks will be able to be re-traded on.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] See also

• Comparison of portable media players
• Comparison of Online music stores
• List of portable media players with Wi-Fi connectivity
• Comparison of Wi-Fi handhelds
• Online music stores
• List of feed aggregators
• Comparison of feed aggregators

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Zune

• Zune.net — Official Site
• Zune Insider – Insider blog & podcast
• Zune Podcast Support – An interview with Rob Greenlee, Podcast Programming & Marketing Lead for the Zune about the second generation Zunes' support for podcasts.
• Zune at MySpace

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