Dividends from Wood Research

Decay Processes and Bioprocessing

• The Effect of Initial Cell Concentration on Xylose Fermentation by Pichia stipitis Agbogbo, Frank K.; Coward-Kelly, Guillermo; Torry-Smith, Mads; Wenger, Kevin; Jeffries, Thomas W. 2007. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol: 136-140, 653-662. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_agbogbo001.pdf
• Bioremediation of Treated Wood with Bacteria Clausen, Carol A. 2006. In: Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood. Townsend, Timothy G.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena (Eds.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group: 401-411. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_clausen003.pdf
• Protecting Wood from Mould, Decay, and Termites with Multi-Component Biocide Systems Clausen, Carol A.; Yang, Vina 2007. Int. Biodeter. & Biodegrad. 59: 20-24. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_clausen001.pdf
• Unique Preservative Tolerance in Tyromycespalustris Green, Frederick III; Arango, Rachel A.; Clausen, Carol A. 2006. In: 50th Anniversary of the Japan Wood Research Society international symposium on wood science and technology oral presentations. Pacifico Yokohama, Japan: Japan Wood Research Society: 304-305. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_green003.pdf
• The Effect of CaCl2 on Growth Rate, Wood Decay and Oxalic Acid Accumulation in Serpula lacrymans and Related Brown-Rot Fungi Hastrup, Anne Christine Steenkjær; Jensen, Bo; Clausen, Carol; Green, Frederick III 2006. Holzforschung 60: 339-345. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_hastrup001.pdf
• Engineering Yeasts for Xylose Metabolism Jeffries, Thomas W. 2006. Curr. Opin. Biotech. 17: 320-326. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_jeffries001.pdf
• Extracellular Oxidative Systems of the Lignin-Degrading Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium Kersten, Phil; Cullen, Dan 2007. Fungal Genet. and Biol. 44: 77-87. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_kersten001.pdf
• Sh ble and Cre Adapted for Functional Genomics and Metabolic Engineering of Pichia stipitis Laplaza, Jose M.; Torres, Beatriz Rivas; Jin, Yong-Su; Jeffries, Thomas W. 2006. Enzyme Microb. Tech. 38: 741-747. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_laplaza001.pdf
• Phanerochaete chysosporium Genomics Larrondo, Luis F.; Vicuña, Rafael; Cullen, Dan 2005. Applied Mycology and Biotechnology: An International Series Volume 5. Genes and Genomics. Published by Elsevier B.V.: 315-352. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_larrondo002.pdf
• Structure and Transcriptional Impact of Divergent Repetitive Elements Inserted within Phanerochaete chysosporium strain RP-78 Genes Larrondo, Luis F.; Canessa, Paulo; Vicuna, Rafael; Stewart, Philip; Vanden Wymelenberg, Amber; Cullen, Dan 2007. Mol. Gen. Genomics 277: 43-55. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_larrondo001.pdf
• Comparison of Multiple Gene Assembly Methods for Metabolic Engineering Lu, Chenfeng; Mansoorabadi, Karen; Jeffries, Thomas 2007. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol: 136-140. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_lu001.pdf
• Transposon Mutagenesis To Improve the Growth of Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae on D-Xylose Ni, Haiying; Laplaza, José M.; Jeffries, Thomas W. 2007. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(7 ): 2061-2066. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_ni001.pdf
• Fungal Hydroquinones Contribute to Brown Rot of Wood Suzuki, Melissa R.; Hunt, Christopher G.; Houtman, Carl J.; Dalebroux, Zachary D.; Hammel, Kenneth E. 2006. Environ. Microbiol. 8(12): 2214-2223. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_suzuki001.pdf
• Computational Analysis of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium v2.0 Genome Database and Mass Spectrometry Identification of Peptides in Ligninolytic Cultures Reveal Complex Mixtures of Secreted Proteins Vanden Wymelenberg, Amber; Minges, Patrick; Sabat, Grzegorz; Martinez, Diego; Aerts, Andrea; Salamov, Asaf; Grigoriev, Igor; Shapiro, Harris; Putnam, Nik; Belinky, Paula; Dosoretz, Carlos; Gaskell, Jill; Kersten, Phil; Cullen, Dan 2006. Fungal Genet. and Biol. 43: 343-356. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_wymelenberg002.pdf
• Antifungal Effect of Essential Oils on Southern Yellow Pine Yang, Vina W.; Clausen, Carol A. 2007. Int. Biodeter. & Biodegrad. 59: 302-306 http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_yang001.pdf

Durability

• Feasibility Study for Eradication of Reticulitermes flavipes from Endeavor, Wisconsin Arango, Rachel A.; Green, Frederick III 2007. In: Proceedings of Wood Protection 2006. Barnes, H. Michael (Ed.). Sponsored by Arch Wood Protection, Inc., Chemical Specialities, Inc., Copper Care Wood Preservatives, Inc., Forest Products Society, Osmose, Inc., and Timber Products Inspec-tion, Inc.: 363-366. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_arango001.pdf
• Wood Preservation Archer, Kevin; Lebow, Stan 2006. In: Primary Wood Processing Principles and Practice, Chapter 9, 2nd edition. New York: Springer: 297-338. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_archer001.pdf
• Effects of Various Fire-Retardants on Plate Shear and Five-Point Flexural Shear Properties of Plywood Ayrilmis, Nadir; Winandy, Jerrold E. 2007. Forest Prod. J. 57(4): 44-49. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_ayrilmis001.pdf
• Repair, Maintenance and Evaluation Assessment and Maintenance of a 15 Year Old Stress-Laminated Timber Bridge Gentry, T. Russell; Brohammer, Karl N.; Wells, John; Wacker, James P. 2006. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Short and Medium Span Bridges. Whitby, Ontario: Tten Sims Hubicki Associates. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_gentry001.pdf
• Issues Related to Durability and Protection Affecting the Acceptance and Use of Engineered Wood Composites in Europe Hughes, Mark; Winandy, Jerrold E. 2007. In: Proceedings of Wood Protection 2006. Barnes, H. Michael (Ed.). Sponsored by Arch Wood Protection, Inc., Chemical Specialities, Inc., Copper Care Wood Preservatives, Inc., Forest Products Society, Osmose, Inc., and Timber Products Inspection, Inc.: 173-178. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_hughes001.pdf
• Creosote Movement from Treated Wood Immersed in Fresh Water Kang, Sung-Mo; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Simonsen, John; Lebow, Stan 2005. Forest Prod. J. 55(12): 42-46. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_kang001.pdf
• Preservative Treatments for Building Components Lebow, Stan 2007. In: Proceedings of Wood Protection 2006. Barnes, H. Michael (Ed.). Sponsored by Arch Wood Protection, Inc., Chemical Specialities, Inc., Copper Care Wood Preservatives, Inc., Forest Products Society, Osmose, Inc., and Timber Products Inspec-tion, Inc.: 57-64. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_lebow001.pdf
• Study Design Considerations in Evaluating Environmental Impacts Lebow, Stan T.; Cooper, Paul A.; Lebow, Patricia K. 2006. In: Townsend, Timothy G.; Solo-Gabriele, Helena (Eds.). Environmental Impacts of Treated Wood. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group: 79-99. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_lebow003.pdf
• Formosan and Native Subterranean Termite Attack of Pressure-Treated SPF Wood Species Exposed in Louisiana Lebow, Stan; Shupe, Todd; Woodward, Bessie; Crawford, Douglas; Via, Brian; Hatfield, Cherilyn 2006. Wood and Fiber Sci. 38(4): 609-620. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_lebow002.pdf
• Durability of Wood-Plastic Composites Morrell, J.J.; Stark, Nicole M.; Pendleton, David E.; McDonald, Armando G. 2006. Wood Design Focus 16(3): 7-10. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_morrell001.pdf
• Holistic Approach to Wood Protection Rowell, Roger M. 2007. In: Proceedings of Wood Protection 2006. Barnes, H. Michael (Ed.). Sponsored by Arch Wood Protection, Inc., Chemical Specialities, Inc., Copper Care Wood Preservatives, Inc., Forest Products Society, Osmose, Inc., and Timber Products Inspection, Inc.: 115-119. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_rowell002.pdf
• Estimating Bridge Stiffness Using a Forced-Vibration Technique for Timber Bridge Health Monitoring Wacker, James P.; Wang, Xiping; Brashaw, Brian; Ross Robert J. 2006. NDE Conference on Civil Engineering. A Joint Conference of the 7th Structural Materials Technology: NDE/NDT for Highways and Bridges and the 6th International Symposium on NDT in Civil Engineering. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_wacker001.pdf
• Acoustic Assessment of Wood Quality of Raw Forest Materials--A Path to Increased Profitability Wang, Xiping; Carter, Peter; Ross, Robert J.; Brashaw, Brian K. 2007. Forest Prod. J. 57(5): 614. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_wang003.pdf
• Acoustic Evaluation of Wood Quality in Standing Trees. Part I. Acoustic Wave Behavior Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Carter, Peter 2007. Wood Fiber Sci. 39(1): 28-38. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_wang001.pdf
• Field Assessment of Wood Stake Decomposition in Forest Soil Wang, Xiping; Page-Dumroese, Deborah; Jurgensen, Martin F.; Ross, Robert J. 2007. Holzforschung, Vol. 61: 1-6. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_wang002.pdf
• Using NIR Spectroscopy to Predict Weathered Wood Exposure Times Wang, Xiping; Wacker, James P.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2006. In: Proceedings WTCE 2006-9th world conference on timber engineering. Portland, OR: Oregon State University. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_wang002.pdf
• Fire Containment in Wood Construction Doesn't Just Happen White, Robert H.; Sumathipala, Kuma 2007. In: Proceedings of Wood Protection 2006. Barnes, H. Michael (Ed.). Sponsored by Arch Wood Protection, Inc., Chemical Specialities, Inc., Copper Care Wood Preservatives, Inc., Forest

General

• Forest Products Laboratory: Supporting the Nation's Armed Forces with Valuable Wood Research for 90 Years Risbrudt, Christopher D.; Ross, Robert J.; Blankenburg, Julie J.; Nelson, Charles A. 2007. Forest Prod. J. 57(1/2): 6-14. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_risbrudt001.pdf
• Forest Water Contamination Rowell, Roger 2006. McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology. Compiled by the staff of the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology. New York: McGraw-Hill: 134-136. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_rowell003.pdf
• The Decline and Fall of Type II Error Rates Verrill, Steve; Durst, Mark 2005. Am. Stat. 59(4): 287-291. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_verrill001.pdf

Papermaking and Paper Recycling

• Application of Fundamental Principles to Mineral Scale Reduction-Case Studies Hart, Peter W.; Rudie, Alan W. 2005. In: Proceedings of the 2005 TAPPI Engineering, Pulping & Environmental Conference. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press: 9 p. CD ROM: ISBN 1-59510-095-4 http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_wang003.pdf
• Pretreatments for Converting Wood into Paper and Chemicals Kenealy, William R.; Houtman, Carl J.; Laplaza, Jose; Jeffries, Thomas W.; Horn, Eric G. 2007. In: ACS Symposium Series 954. Argyropoulos, Dimitris S. (Ed.). Materials, Chemicals, and Energy from Forest Biomass. 392-409. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_kenealy001.pdf
• Fundamental Chemistry of Precipitation and Mineral Scale Formation Rudie, Alan W.; Hart, Peter W. 2005. Proceedings of the 2005 TAPPI engineering, pulping & environmental conference. Norcross, GA: TAPPI Press. 10 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_rudie001.pdf
• Ion Exchange of H+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, and Ba2+, on Wood Pulp Rudie, Alan W.; Ball, Alan; Patel, Narendra 2006. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 26: 259-272. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_rudie003.pdf
• Simulations of Flexible Fiber Suspensions Tozzi, Emilio J.; Klingenberg, Daniel J., Scott, C. Tim, Miettinen, Pasi 2005. In: Proceedings of the 2005 TAPPI Practical Papermaking Conference. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press. Available: CD ROM: ISBN: 1-59510-094-6. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_tozzi001.pdf
• On Measurements of Effective Residual Ink Concentration (ERIC) of Deinked Papers Using Kubelka-Munk Theory Vahey, D.W.; Zhu, J.Y.; Houtman, C.J. 2006. Progress in Pap. Recycl. 16(1): 3-12. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_vahey001.pdf

Properties and Use of Wood, Composite, and Fiber Products

• Effects of Pressing Schedule on Formation of Vertical Density Profile for MDF Panels Cai, Zhiyong; Muehl, James H.; Winandy, Jerrold E. 2006. In: Proceedings: International Wood Composite Symposium,Washington State University: 1-12. class="filedownload"http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_cai003.pdf
• Strandboard Made from Soy-Based Adhesive with High Soy Content Cai, Zhiyong; Wescott, James M.; Winandy, Jerrold E. 2005. In: Wood Adhesives 2005. Frihart, Charles R. (Ed.). Madison, WI: Forest Products Society: 531-539. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_cai006.pdf
• Tensile and Thickness Swelling Properties of Strands from Southern Hardwoods and Southern Pine: Effect of Hot-Pressing and Resin Application Cai, Zhiyong; Wu, Qinglin; Han, Guangping; Lee, Jong N. 2007. Forest Prod. J. 57(5): 36-40. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_cai001.pdf
• Mechanical Property Loss and the Occurrence of Wood Decay During Experimental Outdoor Aging of Wood-Based Panels Carll, Charles G.; Wiedenhoeft, Alex C. 2007. In: 41st International Wood Composites Symposium Proceedings. Washington State Univeristy Wood Materials and En-gineering Laboratory and Washington State University Extension: 1-16. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_carll001.pdf
• 1-071. Use of Saltcedar and Utah Juniper as Fillers in Wood Plastic Composites Clemons, Craig; Stark, Nicole. 2007. Research Paper FPL-RP-641. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 17 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrp/fpl_rp641.pdf

  Invasive and small-diameter species have become more prevalent, creating numerous environmental and ecological problems. One potential method to control and eliminate invasive species and thereby promote natural rangeland restoration is developing new, value-added uses for them. Saltcedar (Tamarisk ramosissima) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) were investigated for use as fillers in wood-plastic composites (WPCs). The chemical composition and thermal stability of wood flours from both invasive species were compared with those of com-mercial pine wood flour. The wood flours were compounded with plastic and additives, and the viscosities of the composite melts containing the different species were compared. Composites produced from the compounded material by profile extrusion and injection molding were evaluated for mechanical performance, appearance, and weatherability. Saltcedar wood flour had the most minerals and water-soluble extractives, which resulted in the lowest thermal stability and the lowest melt viscosity when compounded with high-density polyethylene. Injection-molded WPCs made from saltcedar or juniper were both considerably darker than those made with pine but performed similarly in accelerated weathering tests. Their me-chanical properties were generally lower than the composites made from pine, but appropriate application selection and proper design could help compensate. Extruded WPCs were successfully made with each of the species. Producing WPCs from these composites appears technically feasible, although continued formulation development and durabil-ity evaluation are needed so that informed decisions regarding applications can be made. Economically feasible applications that use the advantageous properties of these species and that can tolerate or address the less desirable ones need to be identified and demonstrated.

• Wood Fueled Boiler Financial Feasibility User's Manual Govett, Robert; Bowe, Scott; Mace, Terry; Hubbard, Steve; Dramm, John (Dusty); Bergman, Richard 2005. Rural Development through Forestry Program, USDA Forest Service State and Private Forestry, Morgantown, West Vir-ginia. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_govett001.pdf
• Guidelines for Assigning Allowable Properties to Visually Graded Foreign Species Based on Test Data from Full Sized Specimens: Policy for Visually Graded Lumber Green, David W.; Shelley, Bradley E. 2006. Germantown, MD: American Lumber Standards Committee. 1-12. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_green003.pdf
• 2-071. Moisture Content and the Properties of Lodgepole Pine Logs in Bending and Compression Parallel to the Grain Green, David W.; Gorman, Thomas M.; Murphy, Joseph F.; Wheeler, Matthew B. 2007. Research Paper FPL-RP-639. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 11 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrp/fpl_rp639.pdf

  This study evaluates the effect of moisture content on the properties of 5- to 6-in. diameter lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) logs that were tested either in bending or in compression parallel to the grain. Lodgepole pine logs were obtained from a dense stand near Seeley Lake, Montana, and sorted into four piles of 30 logs each. Two groups were tested in bending, one green and one dry, and two in compression parallel to the grain. The results of the study provide conservative procedures for estimating com-pression strength for green logs based on the assigned bending strength and show that modulus of elasticity determined by transverse vibration (Etv) on green logs is a conservative estimate of Etv for dry logs. Experimental problems with conditioning the logs tested in bending produced inconsistencies in some property relationships. A more comprehensive study, already in pro-gress, should help resolve these questions.

• Effect of Acetylated Wood Flour or Coupling Agent on Moisture, UV, and Biological Resistance of Extruded Woodfiber-Plastic Composites Ibach, Rebecca E.; Clemons, Craig M. 2007. In: Proceedings of Wood Protection 2006. Barnes, H. Michael (Ed.). Sponsored by Arch Wood Protection, Inc., Chemical Specialities, Inc., Copper Care Wood Preservatives, Inc., Forest Products Society, Osmose, Inc., and Timber Products Inspection, Inc.: 139-147. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_ibach001.pdf
• Nanoindentation Size Effects in Wood Jakes, Joseph E.; Stone, Donald S.; Frihart, Charles R. 2007. In: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Mmeeting of The Adhesion Society. 15-17. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_jakes001.pdf
• Small-Diameter Roundwood, Strong-Post W-Beam Guardrail Systems Kretschmann, David; Faller, Ronald; Reid, John; Hascall, Jason; Sicking, Dean; Rohde, John 2006. In: Proceedings WTCE 2006 - 9th world conference on timber engineering. Portland, OR: Oregon State University. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_kretschmann003.pdf
• Development of Failure Mechanisms for Fasteners in the United States Rammer, Douglas R.; Line, Philip 2006. In: WCTE 2006-9th World Conference on timber engineering. Corvallis, OR.: Oregon State University. 8 p. On CD. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_rammer003.pdf
• Fastener Corrosion: Testing, Research, and Design Considerations Rammer, Douglas R.; Zelinka, Samuel L.; Line, Philip 2006. In: WCTE 2006-9th World Conference on Timber Engineering. Corvallis, OR.: Oregon State University: 8 p. On CD. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_rammer002.pdf
• Advances and Challenges of Wood Polymer Composites Rowell, Roger M. 2006. Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim Bio-Based Composites Symposium, "Advances and Challenges in Biocomposites." Forest Research Institute, Malaysia: 2-12. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_rowell001.pdf
• Composite Materials from Forest Biomass: A Review of Current Practices, Science, and Technology Rowell, Roger M. 2006. In: Argyropoulos, Dimitris S. (Ed.). ACS Symposium Series 954 Materials, Chemicals, and Energy from Forest Biomass. North Carolina State University. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.: 76-92. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_rowell001.pdf
• Considerations in the Weathering of Wood-Plastic Composites Stark, Nicole M. 2007. In: Proceedings, 3rd Wood Fibre Polymer Composites International Symposium: 1-10. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_stark001.pdf
• Advanced Wood- and Bio-composites: Enhanced Performance and Sustainability Winandy, Jerrold E. 2007. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processes. Paper 190. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_winandy002.pdf
• Environmental Effects on the Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Aspen Fiber-Polypropylene Composites Xue, Y.; Veazie, D.R.; Glinsey, C.; Horstemeyer, M.F.; Rowell, R.M. 2007. ScienceDirect. Composites: Part B 38: 152-158. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_xue001.pdf
• Uncertainties in Corrosion Rate Measurements of Fasteners Exposed to Treated Wood at 100% Relative Humidity Zelinka, Samuel L. 2007. J. Testing Eval. 35(1): 1-4. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_zelinka002.pdf
• Electrochemical Method for Measuring Corrosion of Metals in Wood Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2006. In: WCTE 2006-9th World conference on Timber Engineering; 2006. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 8 p. On CD http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_zelinka002.pdf
• Exposure Test of Fasteners in Preservative-Treated Wood Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2006. In: WCTE 2006-9th World conference on timber engineering. Corvallis, OR.; Oregon State University. 4 p. Available on CD. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_zelinka003.pdf
• Review of Test Methods Used To Determine the Corrosion Rate of Metals in Contact with Treated Wood Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2005. Frame Building News: 38-45. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_zelinka002.pdf
• The Use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to Measure the Corrosion of Metals in Contact with Wood Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R. 2005. TMS Letters Volume 2, Issue 1. Corrosion Sensors and Monitoring. 15-16. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_zelinka001.pdf
• Direct Current Testing to Measure Corrosiveness of Wood Preservatives Zelinka, Samuel L.; Rammer, Douglas R.; Stone, Donald S.; Gilbertson James T. 2007. Corrosion Sci. 49: 1673-1685. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_zelinka001.pdf

Recycling of Wood Products

• Remilling of Salvaged Wood Siding Coated with Lead-Based Paint Part 1. Lead Exposure (PDF 84 KB) Falk, Robert H.; Janowiak, Cosper, Stephen D.; Drozdz, Susan A. 2005. Forest Prod. J. 55(78): 76-80. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_falk001.pdf
• Remilling of Salvaged Wood Siding Coated With Lead-Based Paint, Part 2. Wood Product Yield (PDF 128 KB) Janowiak, John J.; Falk, Robert H.; Beakler, Brian W.; Lampo, Richard G.; Napier, Thomas R. 2005. Forest Prod. J. 55(7/8): 81-86. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_janowiak001.pdf

Surface Chemistry

• X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Characterization of Wood Surfaces in Adhesion Studies Beecher, James F.; Frihart, Charles R. 2006. In: Wood Adhesives 2005. Frihart, Charles R. (Ed.) Madison, WI: Forest Products Society:. 83-89. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_beecher001.pdf
• Effects of Chemically Modified Wood on Bond Durability Brandon, Rishawn; Ibach, Rebecca E.; Frihart, Charles R. 2006. In: Wood Adhesives 2005. Frihart, Charles R. (Ed.): Session 1B - Bond Durability. Madison, WI: Forest Products Soci-ety: 111-114. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_brandon001.pdf
• Assessment of Increased Wet Wood Bonding for Epoxy-Bonded Samples Using a Melamine-Urea-Formaldehyde Priming Agent Chandler, Jermal G.; Frihart, Charles R. 2006. In: Wood Adhesives 2005. Session 1B - Bond Durability. Frihart, Charles R. (Ed.): Madison, WI: Forest Products Soci-ety: 99-106. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_chandler001.pdf
• Are Epoxy-Wood Bonds Durable Enough? Frihart, Charles R. 2005. In: Wood Adhesives 2005. Frihart Charles R. (Ed.). Madison, WI: Forest Products Society: 240-246. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_frihart003.pdf
• Model for Understanding the Durability Performance of Wood Adhesives Frihart, Charles R. 2007. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of The Adhesion Society: 222-224. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_frihart002.pdf
• Utility of Horioka's and Marra's Models for Adhesive Failure Frihart, Charles R. 2006. In: Wood Adhesives 2005. Session 1B - Bond Durability. Frihart, Charles R. (Ed.): Madison, WI: Forest Products Soci-ety: 233-238. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_frihart004.pdf
• Dispersion Adhesives from Soy Flour and Phenol Formaldehyde Frihart, Charles R.; Wescott, James M.; Traska, Amy E. 2007. In: Proceedings of the 30th Annual Meeting of The Adhesion Society: 150-154. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_frihart001.pdf
• Characteristics of the Wood Adhesion Bonding Mechanism Using Hydroxymethyl Resorcinol Gardner, Douglas J.; Frazier, Charles E.; Christiansen, Alfred W. 2006. In: Wood Adhesives 2005. Session 1B - Bond Durability. Frihart, Charles R. (Ed.): Madison, WI: Forest Products Soci-ety: 93-97. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_gardner001.pdf
• Violet Light Causes Photodegradation of Wood Beyond the Zone Affected by Ultraviolet Radiation Kataoka, Yutaka; Kiguchi, Makoto; Williams, R. Sam; Evans, Philip D. 2007. Holzforschung 61: 23-27. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_kataota001.pdf
• Analysis of Soy Flour/Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesives for Bonding Wood Lorenz, Linda; Frihart, Charles R.; Wescott, James M. 2006. In: Wood Adhesives 2005. Session 1B - Bond Durability. Frihart, Charles R. (Ed.): Madison, WI: Forest Products Soci-ety: 501-505. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_lorenz002.pdf
• Removal of Heavy Metals from Water with Forest Based Materials McSweeny, James D.; Rowell, Roger M.; Chen, George C.; Eberhardt, Thomas L.; Min, Soo-Hong 2006. 232nd ACS National Meeting and Exposition. Preprints of Extended Abstracts 46(2), paper No. 206: 283-288. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_mcsweeny001.pdf
• Effect of Citric Acid Modification of Aspen Wood on Sorption of Copper Ion McSweeny, James D.; Rowell, Roger M.; Min, Soo-Hong 2006. Journal of Natural Fibers 3(1): 43-58. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_mcsweeny002.pdf
• Pelletized Ponderosa Pine Bark for Adsorption of Toxic Heavy Metals from Water Oh, Miyoung; Tshabalala, Mandla A. 2007. BioResources 2(1): 66-81. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_oh001.pdf
• Removal of Metal Ions from Contaminated Water Using Agricultural Residues Rowell, Roger M. 2006. In: ECOWOOD 2006-2nd International Conference on Environmentally-Compatible Forest Products: 241-251. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_rowell005.pdf
• Adsorption Mechanism of Cadmium on Juniper Bark and Wood Shin, Eun Woo; Karthikeyan, K.G.; Tshabalala, Mandla A. 2007. Bioresource Tech. 98: 588-594. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_shin001.pdf
• Wisconsin Cranberry Board Grant Report Phase 5 Final Report: Use of Lignocellulosic Materials as Sorbents for Pesticide and Phosphate Residues Tshabalala, Mandla A. 2006. In: Wisconsin State Cranberry Growers Association, Summer Growers Meeting and Field Day, City Point Cranberries: 35-39. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_tshabalala001.pdf
• Durable Soy-Based Adhesive Dispersions Wescott, James M.; Traska, Amy; Frihart, Charles R.; Lorenz, Linda 2006. In: Wood Adhesives 2005. Session 1B-Bond Durability. Frihart, Charles R. (Ed.): Madison, WI: Forest Products Society: 263-269. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_wescott002.pdf
• New Method for Rapid Testing of Bond Strength for Wood Adhesives Wescott, James M.; Birkeland, Michael J.; Traska, Amy E.; Frihart, Charles R.; Dally, Brice N. 2007. In: Proceedings, 30th Annual Meeting of The Adhesion Society, Inc.: 219-221. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_wescott001.pdf
• Design, Development, and Testing of a Hybrid in situ Testing Device for Building Joint Sealant White, C.; Embree, N.; Buch, C; Williams, R.S. 2005. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76(045111): 7 p. (available online) http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_white001.pdf

Timber and Fiber Demand and Technology Assessment

• 3-071. Fuels for Schools: Case study in Darby, Montana Bergman, Richard; Maker, Timothy M. 2007. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-173. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 21 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr173.pdf

  To reduce the risk of catastrophic fires, the USDA Forest Service and its partners are developing practical, economic uses for forest thinnings from National Forests and state and private lands in western states. Because mechanical thinning is costly, de-veloping markets for removed wood as fuel for community energy applications is one way to support the economics of forest management while saving money for communities. By installing a wood heating system in the public schools in Darby, Montana, the Fuels for Schools Program is demonstrating the potential of putting low quality wood residues to practical use in a rural for-estbased community. The wood-fired heating system installed in Darby Schools replaced three separate oil-fired systems and saved the school district $24,500 of total fuel costs for the 2003-2004 year. Because of higher fuel oil prices, total fuel cost sav-ings increased to $61,500 in the 2004-2005 heating season. Heating fuel costs were reduced from $0.63 per ft2 per year (last full oil heating season) to $0.36 and $0.35 per ft2 per year for the 2003-04 and 2004-05 heating seasons. Adjusting for heating de-gree days (HDD) for the respective heating seasons, the corresponding seasonal fuel costs in $/thousand ft2/HDD were reduced from 0.068 in 2002-2003 to 0.040, and to 0.040 in the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 heating seasons, respectively. In an analysis to show actual costs for a school, we found a payback period of 9.8 years based on 2004-2005 heating fuel values. The project life was for 20 years, and a desired discount rate of 8.0% was specified for determining the before tax net present value.

• 4-071. CHARGEOUT! Determining Machine and Capital Equipment Charge-Out Rates Using Discounted Cash Flow Analysis Bilek, E.M. (Ted) 2007. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-171. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 33 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr171.pdf

  The model CHARGEOUT! was developed to determine charge-out rates or rates of return for machines and capital equipment. This paper introduces a costing methodology and applies it to a piece of capital equipment. Although designed for the forest in-dustry, the methodology is readily transferable to other sectors. Based on discounted cash flow analysis, CHARGEOUT! provides more accurate financial outputs than traditional single-period models. CHARGEOUT! produces a break-even charge-out rate that will return any specified after-tax real rate of return over the economic life of the capital equipment. Alternatively, given a negotiated charge-out rate, the model produces net present values and real and nominal rates of return before tax and finance before tax and after tax. It also compares the negotiated charge-out rate with the calculated break-even rate, incorporates inflation, accounts for depreciation, and automatically conducts a sensitiv-ity analysis. Graphs illustrate the major cost centers and cash flows. The model is both automated and flexible. Interpretation of CHARGEOUT!'s results requires some knowledge of discounted cash flow analysis. The target audience is financial professionals in the logging industry or equipment owners who have had some background in engineering economics. CHARGEOUT! is illustrated using representative data from a logging skidder; however, the methodology could be adapted to find charge-out rates or rates of return for any piece of capital equipment.

• Estimation of U.S. Timber Harvest Using Roundwood Equivalents Howard, James 2005. In: 2004 Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium. McRoberts, Ronald E.; Reams, Gregory A.; Van Deusen, Paul C.; McWilliams, William H. (Eds.). Sponsored by USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis National Council for Air and Stream Improvement: 21-27. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_howard001.pdf
• Design and Objectives of FTM-West Model Ince, Peter J.; Spelter, Henry 2006. In: Fuels Management-How to Measure Success: Conference Proceedings USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-41: 635-646. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_ince002.pdf
• FTM-West: Fuel Treatment Market Model for U.S. West Ince, Peter J.; Kramp, Andrew; Spelter, Henry; Skog, Ken; Dykstra, Dennis 2006. In: Proceedings of Southern Forest Economics Workgroup, Forestry; Economics and environment. Baton Rouge, LA. Ba-ton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University: 275-291. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_ince003.pdf
• 5-071. Globalization and Structural Change in the U.S. Forest Sector: An Evolving Context for Sustainable Forest Management Ince, Peter; Schuler, Albert; Spelter, Henry; Luppold, William 2007. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-170. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 62 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr170.pdf

  This report examines economic implications for sustainable forest management of globalization and related structural changes in the forest sector of the United States. Globalization has accelerated structural change in the U.S. forest sector, favored survival of larger and more capital-intensive enterprises, and altered historical patterns of resource use.

• FTM-West Model Results for Selected Fuel Treatment Scenarios Kramp, Andrew D.; Ince, Peter J. 2006. In: Fuels Management-How to Measure Success: Conference Proceedings. USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-41: 647-656. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_kramp001.pdf
• Estimating Woody Biomass Supply from Thinning Treatments to Reduce Fire Hazard in the U.S. West Skog, Kenneth E.; Barbour, R. James 2006. In: Fuels Management-How to Measure Success: Conference Proceedings RMRS-P-41, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Portland, OR. 657-672. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_skog001.pdf
• Defining the Rift Spelter, Henry 2005. Timber Processing (April): 24-26. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_spelter004.pdf
• Good Vital Signs Spelter, Henry 2005. Timber Processing (January/February): 16-18. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_spelter003.pdf
• Sawmill Profile Spelter, Henry; Alderman, Matthew 2005 .Timber Processing 30(10): 30-38. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_spelter002.pdf
• The Top 200! Spelter, Henry 2006. Timber Processing 31(6): 64-65. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_spelter003.pdf
• Wood Products Used in New Residential Construction in the U.S. and Canada 2003: With Comparisons to 1998 and 1995 and 2003 Wood Products Council 2005. Tacoma, WA: Wood Products Council, Appendix C. 28 p. class="filedownload"http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_mckeever002.pdf

Wood Anatomy

• A Multiproxy Environmental Investigation of Holocene Wood from a Submerged Conifer Forest in Lake Huron, USA Hunter, R. Douglas; Panyushkina, Irina P.; Leavitt, Steven W.; Wiedenhoeft, Alex C.; Zawiskie, John. 2006. Quaternary Res. 66: 67-77. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_hunter001.pdf
• Climate in the Great Lakes Region between 14,000 And 4000 Years Ago from Isotopic Composition of Conifer Wood Leavitt, Steven W.; Panyushkina, Irina P.; Lange, Todd; Wiedenhoeft, Alex; Cheng, Li; Hunter, R. Douglas; Hughes, John Pran-schke; Frank, Schneider; Allan F.; Moran, Joseph; Stieglitz, Ron 2006. Radiocarbon 48(2): 205-217. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_leavitt001.pdf
• An Advancement in Removing Extraneous Color from Wood for Low-Magnification Reflected-Light Image Analysis of Conifer Tree Rings Sheppard, Paul R.; Wiedenhoeft, Alex 2007. Wood Fiber Sci. 39(1): 173-183. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2007/fpl_2007_sheppard001.pdf

Wood Chemistry

• Structural Changes of Residual Lignin of Softwood and Hardwood Kraft Pulp upon Oxidative Treatment with Polyoxometalates Bujanovic, Biljana; Reiner, Richard S.; Ralph, Sally A.; Agarwal, Umesh P.; Atalla, Rajai H. 2005. In: Proceedings of the 2005 TAPPI engineering, pulping & environmental conference. Norcross, GA; TAPPI press: 13 p. Available CD Rom; ISBN# 1-59510-095-4. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2005/fpl_2005_bujanovic002.pdf
• Rapid Analysis of Abietanes in Conifers Kersten, P.J.; Kopper, B.J.; Raffa, K.F.; Illman, B.L. 2006. J. Chem. Ecol. 32: 2679-2685. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_kersten001.pdf
• Chemical Modification: A Non-Toxic Approach to Wood Preservation Rowell, Roger M. 2006. In: ECOWOOD 2006-2nd International Conference on Environmentally-Compatible Forest Products Fernando. Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal: 227-237. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_rowell004.pdf
• Chemical Modification of Wood: A Short Review Rowell, Roger M. 2006. Wood Mat. Sci. Engin. 1: 29-33 http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_rowell006.pdf