One Gifford Pinchot Drive -- Madison, WI 53726 -- (608) 231-9200

Dividends From Wood Research

Recent Publications From January - June 2000

More Publication Lists

Categories

Publications are listed in the following categories:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o Wood Anatomy & Identification
o Wood Chemistry

Other Publication Options

o
o
o
o
o
o

Explanation and Instructions

"Dividends From Wood Research" is a semiannual listing of recent publications resulting from wood utilization research at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). These publications are produced to encourage and facilitate application of Forest Service research. This issue lists publications received between July 1 and December 31, 2005.

Each publication listed in this brochure is available through at least one of the following sources.

Available from FPL (indicated by an order number before the title of the publication): Quantities limited. Order by sending the item number and your complete mailing address.

Available through Internet: Listed publications are available as PDF documents for viewing or printing through links provided in this document.

Available through sales outlets: Major sales outlets are the Superintendent of Documents, the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), and various private publishers. Order directly from the outlet.

Available through libraries: Research publications are available through many public and university libraries in the United States and elsewhere. U.S. Government publications are also available through many Government Depository Libraries. Check with a major library near you to determine availability.

Return to Publications Page
 

Biodiversity and Biosystematics of Fungi

Decay Processes and Bioprocessing

Durability

  • Research Group on Wood Preservation, 31st annual meeting; 2000 May 14-19; Kona, Hawaii. Stockholm, Sweden: The International Research Group on Wood Preservation
  • Evaluation of New Creosote Formulations After Extended Exposures in Fungal Cellar Tests and Field Plot Tests (PDF 188 KB) Crawford, Douglas, Lebow, Patricia K.; De Groot, Rodney C. 2000. In: Wood protecting chemicals. Sec. 3. Document IRG/WP 00-30228. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/crawf00b.pdf
  • An Experimental Method to Simulate Incipient Decay of Wood by Basidiomycete Fungi (PDF 61 KB) Curling, Simon; Winandy, Jerrold E.; Clausen, Carol A. 2000. In: Test methodology and assessment. Sec. 2. Document IRG/WP 00-20200. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/curli00a.pdf
  • Termite and Fungal Resistance of in situ Polymerized Tribu-tyltin Acrylate and Acetylated Indonesian and USA Wood (PDF 230 KB) Ibach, Rebecca, E.; Hadi, Yusuf Sudo; Nandika, Dodi; Yusuf, Sulaeman; Indrayani, Yuliati 2000. In: Wood protecting chemicals. Sec. 3. Document IRG/WP 00-30219. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/ibach00a.pdf
  • Effect of Compression Wood on Leaching of Chromium, Copper, and Arsenic From CCA-C Treated Red Pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) (PDF 45 KB) Kartal, S. Nami; Lebow, Stan 2000. In: Wood protecting chemicals. Sec. 3. Document IRG/WP 00-30232. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/karta00a.pdf
  • Serviceability Modeling--Predicting and Extending the Useful Service Life of FRT-Plywood Roof Sheathing (PDF 497 KB) Winandy, Jerrold E. 2000. In: Test methodology and assessment. Sec. 2. Document IRG/WP 00-20210. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/winan00a.pdf
  • Static and Vibration Moduli of Elasticity of Salvaged and New Joists (PDF 107 KB) Cai, Zhiyong; Hunt, Michael O.; Ross, Robert J.; Soltis, Lawrence A. 2000. Forest Prod. J. 50(2): 35-40. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/cai00a.pdf
  • Treatability of U.S. Wood Species With Pigment-Emulsified Creosote (PDF 231 KB) Crawford, Douglas M.; De Groot, Rodney C.; Watkins, John B.; Greaves, Harry; Schmalzl, Karl J.; Syers, T.L. 2000. Forest Prod. J. 50(1): 29-35. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/crawf00a.pdf
  • Distribution of Borates Around Point Source Injections in Wood Members Exposed Outside (PDF 119 KB) De Groot, Rodney C.; Felton, Colin C.; Crawford, Douglas M. 2000. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Note FPL-RN-0275. 5 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrn/fplrn275.pdf

    In bridge timbers, wood decay is usually found where water has accessed the end-grain surfaces. In preservative-treated members, end-grain surfaces are most likely to be those resulting from on-site framing cuts or borings. Because these at-risk surfaces are easy to see, it seems feasible to establish a program where diffusible preservatives are repetitively inserted into those critical areas spatially distributed in a grid and on a schedule that will ensure protection, thereby extending the life of the entire structure. The objective of this study was to determine the vertical and lateral distribution and the post-treatment behavior of injected and inserted borate preservatives in wood exposed to natural wetting in field exposure. During this 1- and 2-year exposure, rain wetting elevated the moisture content of the wood enough to support growth of decay fungi in wood not protected by borates. Point source treatments consisted of either borate solutions or fused borate rods that were injected or inserted, respectively, into predrilled holes. The longitudinal movement of borates applied as either glycol or aqueous solutions was generally greater than that occurring with treatment of borate rods only. Lateral distribution of borates was similar among treatments. In Southern Pine, differences in both vertical and longitudinal movement of borate from the insertion holes were associated with the type of closure used. Results indicate that borates can be included in a maintenance program consisting of time-sequenced treatment of critical regions of wood bridges that are at risk for internal decay. Grids for placement of point sources of diffusible borates in engineered wood structures could be developed on a wood-species-specific basis. Such treatments would complement the exterior shell of protection provided by the original pressure treatment and enhance long-term durability.

  • Five-Year Field Trials Using Preservative-Treated, Second-Growth Douglas-fir Exposed in Ground Contact in Australia (PDF 121 KB) De Groot, Rodney C.; Crawford, Douglas M.; Norton, Jack; Keith, John 2000. Forest Prod. J. 50(2): 46-53. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/degro00b.pdf
  • Natural Decay Resistance of Heartwood From Dead, Standing Yellow-cedar Trees: Laboratory Evaluations (PDF 155 KB) De Groot, Rodney C.; Woodward, Bessie; Hennon, Paul E. 2000. Forest Prod. J. 50(1): 53-59. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/degro00a.pdf
  • Analytical Model of Flame Spread in Full-Scale Room/Corner Tests (IS09705) (PDF 32 KB) Dietenberger, Mark; Grexa, Ondrej 1999. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference and exhibition, of Fire and Materials '99; 1999 February 22-23; San Antonio, TX. London, United Kingdom: Interscience Communications Ltd.: 211-222. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf1999/diete99a.pdf
  • Environmental Impact of Preservative-Treated Wood in a Wetland Boardwalk (PDF 2.6 MB) Forest Products Laboratory 2000. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-582. 126 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrp/fplrp582.pdf

    Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, and industry partners are cooperating in a study of the leaching and environmental effects of a wetland boardwalk. The construction project is considered "worst case" because the site has high rainfall and large volumes of treated wood were used. Separate boardwalk test sections were constructed using untreated wood or wood treated with ammoniacal copper quat Type B (ACQ-B), ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA), chromated copper arsenate Type C (CCA-C), or copper dimethyldithiocarbamate.

    Part I of this report focuses on leaching of preservative components. Surface soil, sediment, and water samples were removed before construction and at intervals after construction to determine the concentrations and movement of leached preservatives. The preservatives released measurable amounts of copper and/or chromium, zinc, or arsenic into rainwater collected from the wood, and elevated levels of preservatives were found in the soil and/or sediment adjacent to the treated wood. With few exceptions, elevated environmental concentrations of preservative components were confined to within close proximity of the boardwalk.

    Part II of this report focuses on the effects of boardwalks treated with CCA, ACZA, and ACQ-B on populations of aquatic invertebrates. The experimental variables were total species richness (total number of taxa), total sample abundance (number of organisms/sample), dominant sample abundance (�1% total specimens in vegetation, artificial substrate, and infaunal samples), and Shannon's and Pielou's indices. The infaunal samples contained the largest mean number of animals and the highest total taxa richness. Although measurable increases occurred in water column and sediment preservative concentrations, no taxa were excluded or significantly reduced in number by any preservative treatment.

  • Stress Wave Timing Nondestructive Evaluation Tools for Inspecting Historic Structures (PDF 284 KB) Forest Products Laboratory 2000. USDA Forest Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-GTR-119. 15 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr119.pdf

    This guide was prepared to assist inspectors in the use of stress wave timing instruments and various methods of locating and defining areas of decay in timber members in historic structures. The first two sections provide (a) background information regarding conventional methods to locate and measure decay in historic structures and (b) the principles of stress wave nondestructive testing and measurement techniques. The last section is a detailed description of how to apply the use of stress wave nondestructive testing methods in the field. A sample field data acquisition form and additional reference material are included in the Appendix. This guide includes all the information needed to begin to utilize and interpret results from stress wave timing nondestructive evaluation methods.

  • Role of Construction Debris in Release of Copper, Chromium, and Arsenic From Treated Wood Structures (PDF 117 KB) Lebow, Stan T.; Halverson, Steven A.; Morrell, Jeffrey J.; Simonsen, John 2000. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-584. 6 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrp/fplrp584.pdf

    Recent research on the release of wood preservatives from treated wood used in sensitive environments has not considered the potential contribution from construction residues. This study sought to develop leaching rate data for small construction debris and compare those to the release rate from treated wood itself. Western hemlock boards were pressure treated with chromated copper arsenate Type C (CCA-C), and then common construction tools were used to generate sawdust or shavings from those boards. These wood particles were then leached in deionized water, and the leaching rate was compared with that of solid wood samples cut from the same specimen. Release rate data from this study were also compared with those from end-matched samples that were leached in artificial rain in an earlier study. The release rates of copper, chromium, and arsenic from CCA-C treated chain saw sawdust, circular saw sawdust, and spade bit shavings were many times higher than from solid wood when samples were immersed in water. There was little difference in the release rates among the three types of shavings and sawdust, despite differences in their particle sizes. The rates of release from decking exposed to rainfall were many times lower than that of construction debris or solid wood continually immersed in water. These results show the importance of minimizing the amount of construction debris that is allowed to enter the aquatic environment. However, example calculations also demonstrate that if reasonable efforts are made to minimize release of construction debris, the contribution of these particles to the overall release of preservative from the structure will be minimal.

  • Using Sound to Evaluate Standing Timber (PDF 62 KB) Ross, Robert R. 1999. International Forestry Rev. 1(1): 43-44. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf1999/ross99a.pdf
  • Method for Adjusting Warp Measurements to a Different Board Dimension (PDF 102 KB) Simpson, William T.; Shelly, John R. 2000. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Note FPL-RN-0273. 3 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrn/fplrn273.pdf

    Warp in lumber is a common problem that occurs while lumber is being dried. In research or other testing programs, it is sometimes necessary to compare warp of different species or warp caused by different process variables. If lumber dimensions are not the same, then direct comparisons are not possible, and adjusting warp to a common dimension would be desirable so that these comparisons are possible. In this report, two methods of adjusting warp to different dimensions are developed--one based on the geometry of bow and crook and another based on the geometry of twist. These methods provide a way to adjust crook and bow measurements to a different length and to adjust twist to a different length or width so that comparisons are possible.

  • Repair of White Oak Glued-Laminated Beams (PDF 106 KB) Soltis, Lawrence A.; Ross, Robert J. 1999. In: Bank, Lawrence C., ed. Materials and construction--Exploring the connection. Proceedings, 5th ASCE materials engineering congress; 1999 May 10-12; Cincinnati, OH. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers: 116-123. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us//documnts/pdf1999/solti99a.pdf
  • Nondestructive Methods of Evaluating Quality of Wood in Preservative-Treated Piles (PDF 188 KB) Wang, Xiping; Ross, Robert J.; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W.; McGinnis, Gary D.; De Groot, Rodney C. 2000. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Note FPL-RN-0274. 9 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrn/fplrn274.pdf

    Stress-wave-based nondestructive evaluation methods were used to evaluate the potential quality and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of wood in used preservative-treated Douglas-fir and southern pine piles. Stress wave measurements were conducted on each pile section. Stress wave propagation speeds in the piles were then obtained to estimate their MOE. This was followed by a sequence of tests conducted on octagon-shaped cants, on boards, and on small, clear wood specimens obtained from the piles. Statistical regression analyses revealed a strong correlation between the stress-wave-based MOE (MOEd) of piles and octagons and the corresponding flexural properties of boards and small, clear wood specimens determined by transverse vibration and static bending techniques, respectively. The results also indicated that used preservative-treated wood piles still contain material that has potential for use in exterior structural applications.

  • Strength and Stiffness Assessment of Standing Trees Using a Nondestructive Stress Wave Technique (PDF 262 KB) Wang, Xiping, Ross, Robert J.; McClellan, Michael; Barbour, R. James; Erickson, John R.; Forsman, John W.; McGinnis, Gary D. 2000. USDA Forest Serv. Res. Pap. FPL-RP-585. 9 p. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplrp/fplrp585.pdf

    Nature's engineering of wood through genetics, stand conditions, and environment creates wide variability in wood as a material, which in turn introduces difficulties in wood processing and utilization. Manufacturers sometimes find it difficult to consistently process wood into quality products because of its wide range of properties. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a stress wave technique for evaluating wood strength and stiffness of young-growth western hemlock and Sitka spruce in standing trees. A secondary objective was to determine if the effects of silvicultural practices on wood quality can be identified using this technique. Stress wave measurements were conducted on 168 young-growth western hemlock and Sitka spruce trees. After in situ measurements, a 2-ft- (0.61-m-) long bole section in the test span was taken from 56 felled trees to obtain small, clear wood specimens. Stress wave and static bending tests were then performed on these specimens to determine strength and stiffness. Results of this study indicate that in situ stress wave measurements could provide relatively accurate and reliable information that would enable nondestructive evaluation of wood properties in standing trees.

  • Wildland/Urban Interface Fire Research at the US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory: Past, Present, and Future (PDF 83 KB) White, Robert H. 2000. In: Proceedings of the 30th international conference on fire safety; 12th international conference on thermal insulation; 4th international conference on electrical and electronic products; 2000 January 24-27; White Sulphur Springs, WV. Sissonville, WV: Product Safety Corporation: 33-43. http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2000/white00a.pdf

General

Papermaking and Paper Recycling

Properties and Use of Wood, Composites, and Fiber Products

Recycling of Wood Products

Surface Chemistry

Timber and Fiber Demand and Technology Assessment

Wood Anatomy and Identification

Wood Chemistry

Proceedings of the 10th international symposium on wood and pulping chemistry, main symposium; 1999 June 7-10; Yokohama, Japan. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press.
  

| Important Notices | FOIA | Privacy Notice | Quality of Information | Site Map | Site Help |