Abstract
Constructed wetlands are engineered marshes that duplicate natural
processes to cleanse water. They can be used to process livestock
effluent, human wastes, and drainage water.
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contains references to enclosures that are available in hard
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Constructed wetlands are engineered marshes that duplicate natural
processes to cleanse water. They can be used to process livestock
effluent, human wastes, and drainage water, and for other purposes.
Since constructed wetland design varies with the characteristics
of the specific site, all designs should be prepared and reviewed
on a site-by-site basis. Planning and designing should be conducted
in coordination with state and local agencies to take advantage
of available assistance and avoid regulatory problems. Several articles
are enclosed that discuss the various uses and benefits of constructed
wetlands.
Information on this subject is becoming more abundant as people
find out how well constructed wetlands work. The Small Flows Clearinghouse
(1) can provide a 164-page free design manual
called Constructed Wetland Treatment of Municipal Wastewater.
Ask for item number WWBKDM-98. They also have a wide variety of
other publications that are listed in their free catalogue.
Perhaps the bible of wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands,
D.A. Hammer's 1989 book Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater
Treatment (2), covers the subject from
A to Z. Topics include general principles, case histories, design,
construction, operation, and results from the field and laboratory.
This book may be obtained from local libraries, through interlibrary
loan, or through bookstores.
Several useful publications are available free from the Environmental
Protection Agency's National Service Center for Environmental Publications.
(3) Four of them are listed below:
-
Constructed Wetlands For Wastewater Treatment And Wildlife Habitat:
17 Case Studies. EPA Number: 832R93005
-
Constructed Wetlands For Animal Waste Treatment: Manual On Performance,
Design, And Operation With Case Histories. EPA Number: 855B97001
-
Constructed Wetlands Treatment Of Municipal Wastewaters {Manual}.
EPA Number: 625R99010
-
Constructed Wetlands And Wastewater Management For Confined
Animal Feeding Operations. EPA Number: 855K97001
There are many Web sites on constructed wetlands—a keyword
search using "constructed wetlands" turned up nearly 6,000
sites.
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References
- National
Small Flows Clearinghouse
West Virginia University
NRCCE-NSFC
P.O. Box 6064
Morgantown, WV 26506-6064
800-624-8301
304-293-4191
- Hammer, D.A. 1989. Constructed
Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea,
MI. 831 p.
- EPA
National Service Center for Environmental Publications
USEPA-NSCEP
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-0419
800-490-9198
513-489-8695 FAX
ncepimal@one.net
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Enclosures
Bankson, Dwain. 1995. Wetlands offer practical solutions. National
Hog Farmer. October 15. p. N-O.
Farrell, Molly. 1996. Purifying wastewater in greenhouses. BioCycle.
January. p. 30-33.
Gillette, B. 1995. Constructed wetlands show promise. The Furrow. Vol. 100, No. 4. p. 29-30.
Posadas, B.C., and M.W. LaSalle. 1998. Use of constructed wetlands
in catfish production. MAFES Research Highlights. Winter. p. 18.
Constructed Wetlands
By Preston Sullivan
NCAT Agriculture Specialist
Paul Williams and David Zodrow, Editors
Cole Loeffler, HTML Production
CT 106
Slot 134
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