Pacific Northwest Research Station

Title: Nutrition and parturition date effects on elk: potential implications for research and management.

Author: Cook, John G.; Johnson, Bruce K.; Cook, Rachel C.; Riggs, Robert A.; DelCurto, Tim; Bryant, Larry D.; Irwin, Larry L.

Date: 2004

Source: In: Transactions of the 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: 604-624

Description: Understanding and managing those mechanisms that affect population dynamics comprise, perhaps, the most fundamental aspect of wildlife management (Caughley 1977). Biologists generally categorize these mechanisms as either top-down (predator-driven) or bottom-up (habitat- or animal-density driven). Bottom-up influences involve imbalances between increasing animal density and key habitat resources. For large ungulates, abundance and nutritive value of forage are commonly thought to be the primary mediators of bottom-up regulation (Caughley 1979, McCullough 1984). Certainly, nutritional deficiencies can have extensive and often acute effects on reproduction, growth, development and survival (Verme and Ullrey 1984, Cook 2002).

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Citation

Cook, John G.; Johnson, Bruce K.; Cook, Rachel C.; Riggs, Robert A.; DelCurto, Tim; Bryant, Larry D.; Irwin, Larry L.  2004.  Nutrition and parturition date effects on elk: potential implications for research and management..   In: Transactions of the 69th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: 604-624