Southern Research Station

Title: Heat stability of cured urea-formaldehyde resins by measuring formaldehyde emission

Author: Tohmura, Shin-ichiro; Hse, Chung-Yun; Higuchi, Mitsuo

Date: 1999

Source: In:Christiansen, Alfred W.; Pilato, Louis A. International contributions to wood adhesion research; Proceedings no. 7267. Madison, WI: Forest Products Society:93-100.

Station ID: --

Description: A test method for measuring formaldehyde from urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins at high tempera­tures was developed and used to assess the influence of the reaction pH at synthesis on the formaldehyde emission during cure and heat stability of the cured resins without water. Additionally, ¹³C-CP/MAS solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to investigate the structure of cured UF resins before and after high-temperature heating. Formaldehyde emissions during cure were related to the UF resins' methylol group content. Heat stability of cured UF resin increased as the reaction pH at resin synthesis increased. Solid-state NMR spectra show formalde­hyde emission from cured UF resins after heating is mainly ascribable to decreases of methylol group and dimethylene ether linkage. Significantly, it was revealed that the uron structure characteristi­cally found in the cured UF resin synthesized un­der strong acid media indicated high heat stability

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Citation

Tohmura, Shin-ichiro; Hse, Chung-Yun; Higuchi, Mitsuo  1999.  Heat stability of cured urea-formaldehyde resins by measuring formaldehyde emission.   In:Christiansen, Alfred W.; Pilato, Louis A. International contributions to wood adhesion research; Proceedings no. 7267. Madison, WI: Forest Products Society:93-100.