Summary

Over the past 12 years, Congress has made more than $1 billion available for population programs in developing countries. A major part of these funds has been used to finance population programs of the United Nations, private international organizations, and universities.

Although there has been a growing awareness of population problems and some progress in controlling them, birth rates must fall faster in order to achieve stability in world population. In the countries studied, contraceptive use was much lower than that considered necessary for population stability. The Agency for International Development (AID) has focused on providing family planning information and services, but it has not given sufficient emphasis to studies about linkages between fertility and development. AID has revised its population policy to place greater emphasis on social and economic change to influence birth rates. This policy, and congressional provisions requiring that development projects be designed to motivate smaller families, have not yet been implemented. Some constraints have been: lack of an entity dedicated to integrating population and development assistance, the variety of views within AID, and insufficient development of organizational and financial arrangements.