Summary
Recent military conflicts have increased interest in federal efforts to support servicemembers preparing to leave military service. Through the Benefits Delivery at Discharge (BDD) program, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), in collaboration with the Department of Defense (DOD), has made efforts to streamline access to veterans' disability benefits by allowing some servicemembers to file a claim and obtain a single comprehensive exam prior to discharge. This report examines VA's efforts to manage the BDD program and how VA and DOD are addressing challenges servicemembers face in accessing BDD. To address these objectives, GAO analyzed relevant documents and data, interviewed officials, and conducted site visits and interviews at selected military bases.
While VA awards compensation more quickly under BDD than through its traditional process, VA's efforts to manage the BDD program provide limited accountability for achieving optimal results. For example, the agency does not measure the time local VA personnel are developing BDD claims and thus has limited information on potential problems during claim development. Also, VA has reviewed BDD operations in only 16 of the 40 regional offices with the program. Reviewers in those 16 offices conducted limited assessments of some key aspects of program operations, such as ensuring that VA personnel fully developed claims prior to sending them to be rated. Finally, VA has not evaluated initiatives to improve the program, such as its effort to achieve paperless processing of BDD claims. As a result of these gaps in oversight, VA has limited information on how well the program is working or whether further improvements are warranted. VA and DOD have established BDD sites where most servicemembers discharging from the military have access to the program and issued policy guidance in July 2008 to extend access even further. Further, the agencies implemented an alternative predischarge program for members who have no or limited access to the BDD program, such as members of the National Guard or Reserves. However, whether the predischarge program expedites benefits for some members unable to use BDD cannot easily be determined, because VA does not collect sufficient data on these claims. To further improve BDD access, VA and DOD raise awareness of the program through VA benefits briefings, although attendance is not always mandatory. DOD recently established a goal of 85 percent attendance, but has not developed a plan for reaching this goal or a reliable method to measure participation. Finally, while a national agreement between VA and DOD gives local officials flexibility in implementing the cooperative exam process--a key aspect of BDD to streamline access to benefits--some bases have faced challenges maintaining local memoranda of understanding. VA and DOD have not recently evaluated or disseminated promising practices that could address such challenges.
Recommendations
Our recommendations from this work are listed below with a Contact for more information. Status will change
from "In process" to "Implemented" or "Not implemented" based on our follow up work.
Director:
Team:
Phone:
Daniel Bertoni
Government Accountability Office: Applied Research and Methods
(202) 512-5988
Recommendations for Executive Action
Recommendation: To improve accountability for performance in the BDD program and alternative predischarge program, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs should direct the Under Secretary of Veterans Benefits to track and account for the time needed for claims development activities that occur prior to discharge in the agency's timeliness calculation for BDD and pre-discharge claims.
Agency Affected: Department of Veterans Affairs
Status: In process
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: To improve accountability for performance in the BDD program and alternative predischarge program, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs should direct the Under Secretary of Veterans Benefits to consider the cost of options for separately estimating the accuracy of BDD and predischarge claims.
Agency Affected: Department of Veterans Affairs
Status: In process
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: To improve accountability for performance in the BDD program and alternative predischarge program, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs should direct the Under Secretary of Veterans Benefits to collect data for all claims filed by component (for example, National Guard or Reserves) and analyze the extent to which different components are filing claims and receiving timely benefits under BDD, predischarge and traditional claims processes.
Agency Affected: Department of Veterans Affairs
Status: In process
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: To improve accountability for performance in the BDD program and alternative predischarge program, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs should direct the Under Secretary of Veterans Benefits to conduct an evaluation of the paperless claims processing initiative to determine which adjustments, if any, are needed to improve its effectiveness.
Agency Affected: Department of Veterans Affairs
Status: In process
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: To improve accountability for performance in the BDD program and alternative predischarge program, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs should direct the Under Secretary of Veterans Benefits to include program reviews of BDD operations as part of oversight visits to regional offices with BDD operations and take steps to further ensure such reviews are conducted and reported on more consistently.
Agency Affected: Department of Veterans Affairs
Status: In process
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: To ensure that potentially eligible participants are aware of the BDD program, the Secretary of Defense should direct the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness to establish an accurate measure of servicemembers' participation in TAP including VA benefit briefings.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Status: In process
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: To ensure that potentially eligible participants are aware of the BDD program, the Secretary of Defense should direct the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness to establish a plan with specific time frames for meeting its goal of 85 percent participation rate in the Transition Assistance Program.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense
Status: In process
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
Recommendation: To ensure that servicemembers have full access to a cooperative exam process that is convenient, efficient, and consistent for servicemembers, the Chairs of the Joint Executive Council should direct the Benefits Executive Council to identify and disseminate information on promising practices that address challenges local officials commonly face.
Agency Affected: Department of Defense: Joint Executive Council
Status: In process
Comments: When we confirm what actions the agency has taken in response to this recommendation, we will provide updated information.
