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The End of the Beginning
Remarks by Gil Baldwin
Director, Library Programs Service
before the
Spring 2003 Meeting of the Depository Library Council
April 8, 2003
Reno, NV
Good morning, everyone. On behalf of all of the staff of the Library Programs Service, welcome to the spring Council meeting. It’s great to see so many of you here to participate in planning our future. You have far exceeded the usual number to attend a field Council meeting, and given the state of the world, your commitment to the Federal Depository Library Program and its future is commendable.
We are involved in a number of new initiatives and pilot projects, as you have been hearing. This morning I will focus on some issues and activities that will give you an overview of things in LPS. These are the selection of our Integrated Library System, identification and public access, the Depository Library of the Year award, and our planning for a true library collection of our own.
Integrated Library System
Our work to acquire and install an Integrated Library System remains on schedule. We are committed to bringing up the core ILS functionality for cataloging, authority control, and serials processing this year. GPO’s cataloging data will be available to you through an online catalog that will replace our WAIS-based Catalog of U.S. Government Publications. The coverage of the database will be immediately extended back to 1976.
We have attained a major milestone in our progress toward procuring an ILS. LPS has conducted an extensive study to select and procure an ILS. We have completed this review using a team technique that emphasizes due diligence, fair consideration of the competing vendors, and best value for the Government. The critical piece in the process was our decision to hire a top-flight library systems consultant to guide us through the evaluation and decision process. This has worked so well that the same method is becoming the agency standard for software procurements.
For the past six months, Rob McGee of RMG Consultants, Inc., has been working with our ILS team in a very focused intensive investigation of ILS offerings and what they could do for us. LPS has a number of unique requirements that were not covered by an off-the-shelf ILS product, but by working through the RMG fact-finding protocol, we have identified a system and solution that best fits our current and future needs. GPO is presently in the final stages of evaluating the proposal from one ILS vendor, partnered with a systems integrator based in suburban Maryland. Their partnership brings several exciting new capabilities to the table. Before June we intend to have all of our requirements and implementation plans documented in a signed contract. In the meantime, we are investigating the pros and cons associated with various sources for the initial data load.
It is exciting for our staff to see the ILS coming, especially since many of them were included in various aspects of the selection process. We are now planning the various implementation activities, such as data migration, user training, hardware purchases and installation, and more. Once we have the basic cataloging, authority processing, serial record, and OPAC functions in place, we will begin work on replacing or interfacing with our old legacy systems. These are the pieces that no standard ILS covers, and examining them will give us ample opportunity for business process re-engineering. One improvement you’ll notice immediately is that the cataloging data will include all of our records back to 1976.
I want to publicly acknowledge the superb efforts made by Laurie Hall, LPS supervisory program analyst, and her team in getting us where we are today. Without Laurie’s drive and commitment I don’t know if this project would have gotten off the ground. The other members of the ILS Team are Cynthia Etkin, George Barnum, Yvonne Louden, and Virginia Wiese.
New Capabilities for Traditional Products
The new ILS will provide numerous opportunities to improve traditional products and services. The OPAC will provide far superior search and retrieval capabilities than does today’s online Catalog of U.S. Government Publications or the printed Monthly Catalog. We expect the ILS capabilities to be so superior that we are thinking about providing only online versions of the Monthly Catalog, the annual Serials Supplement, and most of the biennial U.S. Congressional Serial Set Catalog. This change is consistent with the policy expressed in the 2001 Dissemination/Distribution Policy for the Federal Depository Library Program, (SoD 71). SoD 71, you will recall, states "As directed by Congress, the primary method of making publications available to the FDLP is online dissemination." In addition, the MoCat is one of the titles on the "Substitution List" which means that depositories may already substitute the online version and discard their print copies.
The MoCat family of products is produced using software and procedures now over 25 years old. As you might imagine, there is no ILS on the market, nor is there any off-the-shelf software, to produce book catalogs. Our antique software has degraded over time, and each issue is confronted with new problems and bugs. In addition, the COBOL language programs are nearly unsupportable from a personnel perspective. In other words, these products are extremely vulnerable, and we must plan for their replacement.
GPO plans to have the online version of these three titles up using the ILS by early next year, and these versions could completely replace the printed MoCat and annual Serials Supplements. The biennial U.S. Congressional Serial Set Catalog includes the Numerical List and Schedule of Volumes, as well as collecting in one place the bibliographic records for the all of the House and Senate Reports and Documents from a given Congress. LPS proposes phasing out the index and entries portion of the U.S. Congressional Serial Set Catalog and replacing them with an online version, but we would continue to provide print copies of the Numerical List and Schedule of Volumes.
GPO needs to make a decision during or soon after the Fall Council meeting if we are to substitute online for paper at the end of the current print volume. We want to start the dialog about these products, so that various views can be heard and considered in the decision process.
We do not make this proposal lightly. Before substituting online versions for print products we will first ensure that superior online versions are available, that we have Council’s concurrence, and that the Joint Committee on Printing has issued necessary waivers.
Identification and Access to Libraries
Free access to Government information is a cornerstone of the FDLP. Free access means that any member of the general public can use Government information products in all media at a depository library without impediments. Providing free access by the general public to the resources of the documents collection, including electronic resources, is a fundamental Program obligation.
LPS has recently reviewed and modified the "Instructions to Depository Libraries" and the "FDLP Internet Use Guidelines" concerning the issue of requiring users to present identification. In light of current and continuing security concerns, many institutions now require identification from library users. In the past, the "Instructions" prohibited requirements for patrons to present identification to utilize depository resources. With continued security concerns, it is appropriate for depository library administrators to determine operating hours, access and security procedures.
There are more details about the identification issue in our Handout, but here’s the bottom line: Identification requirements should not impede access to the depository resources. The FDLP exists to ensure access for patrons of all ages who wish to use the depository resources. We encourage depositories to provide the broadest, most open public access possible, while recognizing that the realities of our situation may require users to identify themselves.
Depository Library of the Year
I hope you know that GPO is accepting nominations for our first annual Federal Depository Library of the Year Award. Participation in the FDLP means that libraries invest significant time and resources in their public services. The Federal Depository Library of the Year award will provide special recognition for the library that furthers the goal of the FDLP by enhancing the American public’s free access to Government information.
The award-winning library will be notified by the end of August and will be recognized at the 2003 fall Federal Depository Library Conference, which will be held October 19-22 in Arlington, VA. GPO will provide travel and lodging to the Conference for the depository coordinator and the library director from the winning library to accept a certificate recognizing their institution as Federal Depository Library of the Year.
Some of the criteria that we are looking for include:
- Outstanding service to meet Federal Government information needs in the library’s service area.
- Creativity and innovation in developing specific community programs or use of Federal Government information, or a dramatic increase in their community’s usage of Federal Government information.
- Leadership in creating public service programs that can be emulated by other Federal Depository Libraries.
Federal depository librarians, other members of the library and information services community, as well as depository patrons are invited to nominate any Federal depository library, regardless of its size or type. We welcome your nominations by June 30, and we hope that Judy, Cathy Hartman, and I will have lots of nominations to consider.
Collection Planning
Within LPS we have been examining various scenarios concerning developing, maintaining, and preserving a set of collections. Our thinking involves becoming the libraries’ library; the collection of record for the FDLP. I am intentionally not using the term "super-regional" as it does not convey the message right. Call it instead the U.S. Library of Public Information, whose mission is to maintain a collection of record of the publications of the United States Government that is permanently accessible. This is achieved by acquiring, classifying, cataloging, indexing and preserving those publications; by delivering services to Federal depository libraries so they may provide enhanced services to their patrons; and by supporting other information dissemination programs of the Government Printing Office.
Here are some of the assumptions we are working with:
- Think of this as the libraries’ library for the FDLP; the collection of last resort to back up your local holdings.
- The collection would include print and digital versions of Government publications.
- The collection will add value to depository status, and support new incentives to be part of the FDLP.
- The collection will be comprehensive, meaning the end of fugitive documents.
- The digital collection must meet preservation standards and be available for repurposing.
These are not insignificant goals, and meeting them all will require significant additional resources of talent, space, technology and money. One of my team’s goals is to develop resource estimates that can become the basis for future funding requests.
We are also examining various acquisition strategies for bringing material in to the collection. In the future, GPO will probably take a much more active interest in asserting the Government’s ownership of collection material when a depository leaves the FDLP. We have been closely monitoring several situations in which certain depositories are threatened financially. In such situations GPO could very well decide to "reclaim" portions of the collections for our use.
Visualizing the End of the Transition
For several years I have been reporting to you on the progress of the "electronic transition." This winter we hit a milestone. Two-thirds of the new FDLP titles went online only. With our focus on the future, we cannot yet describe the end of all our travels, but we can see that we reached the end of the beginning.
Today I just hit the highlights; of course there are many other projects and ideas underway. This is a particularly interesting meeting and one that I’m sure will be memorable. It is also a jam-packed meeting, so if you find that you have questions or thoughts that you have not found time to get out, please send them to us, either personally or via askLPS.
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Current Status and Next Generation
of GPO Access
Remarks by Ric Davis
Director, Office of Electronic Information Dissemination Services
before the
Spring 2003 Meeting of the Depository Library Council
April 8, 2003
Reno, NV
Introduction
I am delighted to have the opportunity to be here with you today to provide an update on the current status of GPO Access and to talk to you about our progress towards the next generation of GPO Access services. Hopefully, all of you have a copy of our printed GPO Access update, which summarizes recent changes to GPO Access and provides information about what is on the horizon.
Size and Usage
GPO Access continues to grow in size, with almost 2,800 databases offered through some 80 applications. At this time, over 240,000 electronic titles are available through the FDLP Electronic Collection, with more than 147,000 titles on GPO servers and more than 93,000 others linked to from GPO Access. Since 1994, GPO Access retrievals have exceeded 1.6 billion, and we are currently averaging 32 million retrievals from this service each month. GPO Access reached a new all-time monthly high of almost 37 million document retrievals in January 2003.
In coordination with Library Programs Service staff, we are also in the process of developing statistical reports of PURL referrals to enable libraries to determine how often documents within the Federal Depository Library Program Electronic Collection are being accessed through library catalogs and Web pages. We are requesting that individual depositories provide us with more information on the actual sites from which the referrals are received so that data can be related back to specific institutions.
GPO staff have developed a mechanism as part of the Directory update page on the FDLP Desktop by which libraries may inform GPO of their desire to receive these statistics and provide the necessary information. GPO will then be able to create a PURL referral report similar to the URL referral report for depository libraries currently available on the Federal Bulletin Board. Once completed, the PURL referral report will be available at the same location and will be updated on a monthly basis.
We have also moved forward on the procurement of an upgrade to our Web Trends reporting software that assists us in this statistical work, and we will continue to provide cumulative reports of referrals to GPO Access from depository web sites, using the web addresses depositories have registered with the Library Programs Service.
Performance
Although the number of products and services available through GPO Access is growing, users have continued to express to us that they are experiencing problems with slow system response and longer than expected transactions required to search for and download content. A number of different efforts are underway and more are planned for the future to address this issue.
We continue to use the Keynote performance measurement service to track system performance from the user perspective in 10 major cities in the United States. This service provides immediate alerts to GPO staff when performance problems occur, as well as statistical information used in the daily evaluation of selected GPO Access applications. Based upon the invaluable feedback we have received from this service, GPO’s Production Services has taken steps to reconfigure existing servers to improve load balancing, and has added additional servers to expand system capacity where it is most needed.
Efforts are also continuing to break up large files wherever possible to make it easier for customers to download information. Additionally, GPO is taking steps to akamaize as many of the static files as possible so that they can be delivered through the Akamai content delivery network, effectively spreading the load to local servers and lessening the burden on the main GPO Access system. In addition to the Federal Register Table of Contents daily files, the browse feature beginning with the 2003 Code of Federal Regulations now includes akamaized Text and PDF files. Customer feedback on these enhancements has been very positive in regard to improving download time, and we will continue to work to expand the use of the Akamai service to other applications in order to help improve overall system performance.
While these solutions offer some immediate benefits for our customers, work also continues towards procuring a new platform to replace the WAIS search and retrieval software for GPO Access databases. Staff members from the Superintendent of Documents and Production Services are working closely on developing a detailed Statement of Work that outlines both customer functionality and the technical requirements needed to move forward with the procurement of the next generation of software. The Statement of Work will also include a requirement to migrate all WAIS databases on GPO Access to the new platform simultaneously to ensure continuity throughout the site.
These efforts aimed at improving the performance of GPO Access also extend towards our goal of establishing a geographically separate mirror site and backup facility for GPO Access in Pueblo, Colorado. Work is underway to establish this facility as a location for both backup data storage and a complete mirror site for all GPO Access resources that helps share the load with servers at GPO. It is expected that construction of the facility will be completed this summer, and then GPO staff will work quickly to build the necessary technical infrastructure.
GPO Access Redesign
In addition to improving performance, we have just released a redesign of the GPO Access Web site with a new and enhanced look and feel. This was accomplished as a result of the feedback that many of you provided to GPO through open forum sessions, as well as usability studies, customer surveys, focus groups, and contacts received through the GPO Access User Support Team. Additionally, we have established a new domain name for GPO Access, <http://www.gpoaccess.gov>. The former domain name, <http://www.gpo.gov/gpoaccess> will now re-direct users to the new domain name. Redirects from individual Web pages will also be provided as a service to customers.
If you have not already done so, I hope that all of you will have the opportunity to take a look at this new redesign of GPO Access in the near future and let us know what you think about it. As always, we welcome comments from each of you as we make additional improvements and refinements to this Web site. In conjunction with the release of this new Web site, we are currently working with other areas of GPO to finalize our GPO Access Web Design Guidelines. These guidelines are expected to prove beneficial for internal staff working on the site, and also serve as guidance to other Federal agencies whose web sites are hosted on GPO Access.
Regulations.gov
GPO also played a key role in the launch of the Regulations.gov Web site, which was released to the general public on January 23, 2003. This site was developed as a part of the President’s Management Agenda-E-Rulemaking Initiative, and it helps ensure that the public has a role in making regulatory decisions. Citizens can find, review, and submit comments on Federal documents that are open for comment and published in the Federal Register. GPO is one of the partner agencies on this initiative, providing both hosting services for the Web site, and also serving as the point of contact for user support and technical assistance.
U.S. Government Online Bookstore
Over the past several years, GPO staff made a number of enhancements to the U.S. Government Online Bookstore to improve the customer experience in regard to searching and ordering Federal Government publications. In order to move forward more quickly with the "next generation" of services that customers are expecting from the online bookstore, GPO recently placed a Request for Information (RFI) in FedBizOpps. The purpose is to procure the services of a consultant who can identify an e-commerce solution and make a recommendation on how GPO should proceed with a commercial e-commerce product solution. This includes, among other items, reviewing the capabilities currently in use for the front-end interface and back-end legacy systems for the online bookstore, correlating GPO’s needs with commercially available e-commerce software, and preparing a detailed report recommending a complete commercial off the shelf (COTS) e-commerce solution. The response date for the RFI was March 19, 2003, and GPO received approximately 30 responses for consulting services. The consultant GPO ultimately selects for this service will be expected to complete all of our requirements in a 60-day period. This will enable us to move forward more quickly and efficiently to make a number of enhancements that are required for the online bookstore to better serve our customers.
Search Engine Results
We have continued our work on the search engine project, which consists of a series of ongoing evaluations in order to assess and improve the visibility of GPO Access pages in the indices of major Internet search engines and directories. The just completed ninth evaluation found another overall increase in successful returns of GPO Access pages. This included gains in Top-5 and Top-10 returns, while Top-30 returns remained the same as our last evaluation. I am pleased to report that Top-5 returns reached a new high of 28% of the test searches. Some of these increases came in a number of interesting areas. For instance, the new search engine Teoma went from a number 20 ranking to number 7 since the last evaluation, with its Top-5 returns increasing by 467%. AOL has also moved up again, to a number 3 ranking, behind SearchGov and Google Uncle Sam.
We have also completed a second round of testing to promote the U.S. Government Online Bookstore through paid positioning on the popular search engine Overture. The GPO Paid Positioning Committee, with help from Overture, came up with a list of 26 keywords to bid on over a three-month period. During the testing period, almost 10,000 customers clicked onto the Online Bookstore from Overture and its affiliates. Moreover, 15 of the 26 keywords attained at least a 3% click-through rate, which is the rate at which listings are judged successful through benchmarks established by search engine experts. In fact, several of our keywords attained click-through rates of 15% or higher, which is an exceptional rate.
It is important to point out that while the percentages have increased in regard to top returns, our goal is to continue to improve the positioning of GPO Access pages in search engines. Selected EIDS staff just returned from the "Search Engine Strategies" conference in Boston, MA, where we had the opportunity to talk directly to search engine experts and industry representatives from Google, Yahoo, and other companies. Information gained from this conference will be used to make further enhancements towards improving the visibility of GPO Access pages.
What’s New on GPO Access
There are a number of recent changes to GPO Access. The most notable are:
- A new listserv that enables subscribers to receive e-mail notification when new Public and Private laws become available on GPO Access. These e-emails include links to the ASCII text and PDF versions of new Public and Private laws.
- A Report of the Investigation of Enron Corporation and Related Entities Regarding Federal Tax and Compensation Issues and Policy Recommendations is now available on GPO Access.
- The 2001 Privacy Act Issuances are available via GPO Access.
- FY 2004 Federal Budget Publications are now available online.
- The Economic Report of the President, 2003 is also available.
- The Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 108th Congress is now available on GPO Access.
What’s On the Horizon for GPO Access
Work is under way to add more content to GPO Access and to refine access to the products and services already provided. Some key examples of these activities include:
- The use of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to authenticate the PDF versions of Congressional Bills will be implemented for the 108th Congress. Users with a free software reader will be able to confirm that a bill was approved for submission to GPO by the appropriate Congressional authority and that it has not been altered since it was signed.
- Procurement has been initiated for a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software package for use by the GPO Access User Support Team, Library Programs Service, and other areas of GPO. This software will provide a dynamic electronic knowledgebase to help answer frequently asked questions, create more efficient problem escalation workflows based upon business rules, and improve web chat functionality in real-time.
- A version of Ben’s Guide to U.S. Government targeted at adults is in the process of being designed.
As you can tell, many of the enhancements and improvements that we have made to GPO Access have been a direct result of your feedback. Please continue to let us know what you think is needed to make GPO Access better as we work together to move into the future. Thank you for your attention and I look forward to talking more with you during this conference.
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[ HANDOUT ]
GPO Access
Update
Office of Electronic Information Dissemination Services
Federal Depository Library Council Meeting, Spring 2003
April 6 - 9 2003, Reno, Nevada
GPO Access Statistical Measures
- Since 1994, GPO Access retrievals have exceeded 1.6 billion, which is equivalent to over 39.2 billion typewritten pages, and reached an all-time monthly high of over 36.8 million document retrievals in January 2003.
The average number of monthly retrievals from GPO Access is currently 32 million and the average size of these documents is currently about 49Kb. With 2Kb equaling roughly one typewritten page, the average size of a document retrieved from GPO Access equates to some 24.5 typewritten pages and costs less than a penny per retrieval.
- GPO Access contains over 147,000 electronic titles and points to over 93,000 others for a total of over 240,000 titles.
- GPO Access provides use of almost 2,800 databases through more than 80 applications.
GPO Access Redesign
- GPO Access has been re-launched with a new and enhanced look and feel. This was accomplished as a result of feedback from users, through surveys, usability studies, focus groups, and contacts received through the GPO Access User Support Team. Re-directs are provided from old pages to the current pages. Feel free to make comments as additional improvements and refinements are made to the Web site.
New Domain Name for GPO Access
- GPO Access has established a new domain name, <http://www.gpoaccess.gov>. Re-directs will be provided for all pages to the new domain.
GPO Access Performance Measurement and Improvement
- GPO is taking steps to "Akamaize" as many of the static files on GPO Access as possible so that they can be delivered through the Akamai content delivery network, effectively spreading the load to local servers and lessening the burden on the main GPO Access system. In addition to the Federal Register Table of Contents daily files, the browse feature beginning with the 2003 Code of Federal Regulations now includes "Akamaized" Text and PDF files.
- Work continues towards procuring a new platform to replace the WAIS search and retrieval software for GPO Access in order to improve system performance and enhance customer usability. Staff members from Superintendent of Documents and Production Services are working closely on developing a detailed Statement of Work (SOW) that will allow GPO to select the most effective platform for GPO Access. The SOW will outline both the customer functionality and the technical requirements needed to move forward with the procurement and implementation of the next generation of software in FY 2004. The SOW will also include a requirement to migrate all WAIS databases on GPO Access to the new platform simultaneously to ensure continuity throughout the site.
- Through the use of Keynote Systems Inc., a performance measurement service, we are continuing to monitor system performance from 10 major cities in the United States. Daily monitoring is conducted on the GPO Access homepage, the U.S. Government Online Bookstore, and a transaction in the Code of Federal Regulations database. Recently, Regulations.gov <http://www.regulations.gov> has been included among the pages monitored. The information gained is being used to work toward improved performance.
What’s New on GPO Access
FY 2004 Federal Budget Publications now available online at <http://w3.access.gpo.gov/usbudget/index.html>.
2003 Economic Report of the President now available at <http://w3.access.gpo.gov/eop/index.html>.
The Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 108th Congress now available on GPO Access at <http://www.gpo.gov/congress/108_pictorial/index.html>.
Report of Investigation of Enron Corporation and Related Entities Regarding Federal Tax and Compensation Issues, and Policy Recommendations, February 2003, is now available on GPO Access at <http://www.gpo.gov/congress/joint/hjoint01lp108.html>.
Regulations.gov
- Regulations.gov <http://www.regulations.gov>, which was released to the general public on January 23, 2003, gives the public a place to have their voices heard, and it allows them to have a hand in the democratic and regulatory processes. Regulations.gov, which was developed as a part of the President’s Management Agenda – E-Rulemaking Initiative, is a groundbreaking achievement in the creation of a citizen-centered e-democracy. At this Federal regulatory clearinghouse, the public is easily able to participate in the Federal rulemaking process. From the Regulations.gov Web site, the public can view a description of every proposed rule, final rule, or other document currently open for comment, read full texts of these documents, and submit comments to the Federal agencies that have created them. NARA and GPO are two of the lead partners in the Regulations.gov project.
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
- In order to authenticate the PDF versions of Congressional Bills, the use of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) will be implemented for the 108th Congress. Users with a free software reader will be able to confirm that a bill was approved for submission to GPO by the appropriate Congressional authority and that it has not been altered since it has been signed. The free reader will be linked from <http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/cong009.html> and other pages as a plug-in.
Public and Private Laws LISTSERV
- A new LISTSERV has been developed by the U.S. Government Printing Office. Users can sign up to receive e-mail notification when new Public and Private laws become available on GPO Access. These e-mails include links to the ASCII text and PDF versions of new public or private laws. To sign up, visit <http://listserv.access.gpo.gov/archives/gpo-plaws-l.html>.
Search Engine Results
- The ninth evaluation was recently conducted on the visibility of GPO Access and its Web pages in the indices of major Internet search engines. Twenty of the major search engines were analyzed to determine the frequency at which a specified search term returned the appropriate GPO Access page. 28% of searches retrieved the appropriate page within the top five returns (up from 26% in the eighth evaluation), and 31% returned it within the top ten (up from 29%). GPO Access pages were within the top thirty returns 35% of the time (the same as in the eighth evaluation). Also analyzed were directories and how they list GPO Access pages. The measurement of success in directories is the number of clicks, which indicate the layers within the directories. Of the 20 search engines examined in the ninth evaluation, 13 possessed directory trees. Of these 13, eight listed at least one GPO Access page within four clicks/levels. For more information, the full report is available at <http://fedbbs.access.gpo.gov/access.htm> --click on GPO Access Search Engine Project Report.
Online Bookstore Enhancements
- Over the past several years, GPO has made a number of enhancements to the U.S. Government Online Bookstore to improve the customer experience in regard to searching and ordering Federal Government publications. In order to move forward with the "next generation" of services that customers are expecting from the Online Bookstore, GPO recently placed a Request for Information (RFI) in FedBizOpps. The purpose is to procure the services of a consultant who can identify an e-commerce solution and make a recommendation on how GPO should proceed with a commercial e-commerce product solution.
Under Development
- Procurement has been initiated for a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software package for use by the GPO Access User Support Team, Library Program Services and other areas of GPO. This software will provide an electronic knowledgebase to help answer frequently asked questions, and also will provide Web chat functionality in real-time.
- A version of Ben’s Guide to U.S. Government targeted at adults is in the process of being designed.
Upcoming Outreach
EIDS personnel will be attending and displaying the GPO booth at the following shows: