B-298533.2, Celadon Laboratories, Inc.--Costs, November 7, 2008
Decision
Matter of: Celadon Laboratories, Inc.--Costs
Lawrence A. Kessner, Esq., for the protester.
Douglas Kornreich, Esq., Department of Health and Human Services, for the agency.
Katherine I. Riback, Esq., and James A. Spangenberg, Esq., Office of the General Counsel, GAO, participated in the preparation of the decision.
DIGEST
1. Proposal preparation costs should not be reimbursed to the extent that the claimed hours are excessive.
2. Hourly rates for individuals may not be the basis for reimbursement of proposal preparation costs where the rates include profit.
DECISION
Celadon Laboratories, Inc. of
Hyattsville, Maryland, requests that our Office recommend that it recover
$118,640 from the Department of Health and Human Services (
We recommend that Celadon be reimbursed $13,787 for its costs of preparing its proposal, as well as the costs of filing and pursuing its protest.
We sustained Celadon’s protest of
Celadon timely submitted a claim to the agency for its proposal preparation costs and its costs of pursuing the protest. Celadon claimed $9,868 for its costs of pursuing the protest, representing 101.5 hours of Celadon’s president (who is also an attorney). Celadon claimed $100,430 in proposal preparation costs, representing the costs for three Celadon employees, including Celadon’s president, who participated in the preparation of the proposal. According to the claim, these employees combined worked 1,228 hours on proposal preparation. For each employee, the claim stated a billing rate and the total of number of hours that the employee participated in the preparation of the proposal. These hours were not contemporaneously recorded by Celadon. Instead, with its claim, Celadon provided for each employee a chart identifying the hours that Celadon believed that the employee worked each day on tasks associated with preparing the proposal and generally identified the particular work performed. Celadon also submitted with its claim payroll sheets detailing the actual salary costs of the three individuals for whom reimbursement was claimed. To the total direct labor costs claimed, Celadon applied a fringe benefit rate, an overhead rate, and a general and administrative (G&A) expense rate. Agency Report (AR), Tab 2, Celadon’s Claim.
By letter to Celadon, the agency advised Celadon that its
claim was inadequately documented. For
example, the agency determined that Celadon’s claim lacked documentation that
supported the hours claimed for preparation of the proposal or the hourly rates
proposed for each employee. The agency
also noted that since the payroll documentation did not provide hours worked or
actual rates, it was impossible to determine the employees’ actual hourly
calculated rates because the claimed hourly rates did not correspond to the
payroll information. The agency also
asserted that the claimed hours appeared excessive. The agency noted that the bulk of two
employees’ time (and a large percentage of the president’s time) for the more
than 3‑month period (July 20 to November 4, 2005) during which the
proposal was being prepared was being charged as part of the claim for proposal
preparation costs, even though the agency was aware that Celadon was working on
SBIR Phase II contracts and preparing other proposals during this same
timeframe. The agency concluded its
letter to Celadon by requesting that Celadon “provide appropriate documentation
and/or reduce it[s] cost claim appropriately.”
AR, Tab 3, Agency Response to Celadon’s Claim (
Celadon submitted a response to the questions raised by
the agency. Celadon stated that it did
not keep time records for activities such as proposal preparation. However, Celadon noted that it spent
virtually all of the time available between July 20 and the November 4 submission
date preparing its Phase I proposal, which involved a highly complex subject. AR, Tab 10, Celadon’s Response and Comments
to Agency Submission Regarding Celadon’s Claim (
Celadon also explained that the hourly rate that it
charged for its employees was based on a 1610-hour year (230 days at 7 working
hours per day).[1] Consistent with its payroll records and
1610-hour work year, Celadon claimed that the hourly rate for two of its
employees (including the president) was $67.16 per hour, but its claim was
based on a lower rate of $60 per hour for these employees because these two
owner employees tended to work more hours than non-owner employees. The other employee’s claimed hourly rate was
$52.79 per hour based on this same analysis.
AR, Tab 10, Celadon’s Response and Comments to Agency Submission
Regarding Celadon’s Claim (
Celadon also requested that
Regarding how Celadon calculated the claimed hourly rates
of its three employees, the agency concluded that instead of allocating salary
costs between direct and indirect costs, the salary rates as calculated by
Celadon were based on the direct cost portion of the salaries without regard to
the indirect salary costs, e.g., 30 days vacation and 1 hour lunch, to
which Celadon then applied fringe benefit, overhead, and G&A rates. AR, Tab 19,
The agency determined that Celadon should be allowed 60
hours for the president’s time in pursuing the protest, but has provided no
explanation as to how it determined this figure or why the president’s claimed
101.5 hours for pursuing the protest were excessive. AR, Tab 26, Claim Calculations. The agency also used the $51.92 hourly rate
that it had calculated for the president, instead of the $67 rate on which
Celadon’s claim was based.
In sum, the agency determined that Celadon should be reimbursed $10,660 ($6,139 for proposal preparation costs and $4,521 for the costs of pursuing the protest). AR, Tab 26, Claim Calculation. The agency offered this amount in settlement of this claim to Celadon, which rejected the offer. After some time where the parties further discussed the claim, on December 3, Celadon requested that our Office recommend that it be reimbursed $118,640 for its proposal preparation costs, its costs of pursuing the protest, and its costs of pursuing the claim.
A protester seeking to recover the costs of preparing a
proposal or bid must submit sufficient evidence to support its monetary
claim. John Peeples--Claim for Costs, B-233167.2,
Celadon asserts that the claimed hours for its employees
to prepare its proposal “was a good faith reconstruction of the actual time
spent,” noting that the proposal involved a highly complex subject and that
Celadon “spent virtually all of the time available, between the July
pre-release date and the November submission, in preparing it.” Celadon’s Comments at 1; AR, Tab 10,
Celadon’s Response and Comments to Agency Submission Regarding Celadon’s Claim
(
However, the agency has noted a variety of issues that
caused it to conclude that Celadon’s claimed hours were excessive, besides the
fact that the claimed cost exceeded the Phase I award amount. As noted above, the agency’s subject matter
expert examined the Phase I proposal submitted in this matter and the grant
proposals prepared by Celadon at approximately the same timeframe, and
concluded that there was a “tremendous overlap” in the subject matter of the
two proposals. AR, Tab 16, Opinion of
Proposal Preparation Hours. While
Celadon asserts that it has “prove[d]” that its SBIR proposal is different from
the grant proposals submitted during same timeframe, the only evidence that it
has submitted to our Office in support of this assertion is a claim that an
on-line service provided “paper authorship integrity” through the use of
software that conducts side-by-side comparisons of submitted papers, which
assertedly indicated that there was no significant or substantive similarity
between the two proposals.[4] Celadon’s Comments at 2-3. Moreover, the agency’s analysis of the emails
provided by Celadon in support of the claim indicated that the employees were
working on activities other than this proposal during the timeframe where they
were assertedly devoting virtually all their time to preparing Celadon’s SBIR
proposal. See AR, Tab 19,
The agency also asserts that during this timeframe the
employees in question were supposed to be working on a Phase II SBIR contract
and the agency had not been advised that these employees were instead writing
this Phase I proposal. Specifically, the
agency questioned how one of Celadon’s employees could have devoted almost all
of his time during the late July to early November 2005 period to the Phase I
proposal and, at the same time, according to a Certificate of Current Cost and
Pricing Data for the Phase II contract prepared on June 1, 2005, also devote 50 percent
of his time to the Phase II contract. AR,
Tab 19, Agency Letter (
As noted, Celadon also provided copies of numerous
scientific articles that, it argues, provide “better direct proof than do
certain other documents” of the considerable effort spent in preparing this
proposal. AR, Tab 10, Celadon’s Response
and Comments to Agency Submission Regarding Celadon’s Claim (
Based on our review of the record, we agree with the
agency that the number of hours claimed in preparing this Phase I proposal
appear excessive, particularly considering that Celadon did not
contemporaneously record the hours specifically allocated to this Phase I
proposal or otherwise carry its burden of showing that its claimed hours were
reasonable. Where our Office has found
that the number of hours exceeded that which a prudent person would claim, we
have reduced the number of hours to reflect a reasonable work effort, given the
nature of the particular protest. See
SKJ & Assocs., Inc., B‑291533.3,
We also accept the agency’s calculation of the rates for the three Celadon employees who prepared the proposal. As indicated by the agency, while Celadon supported the salaries paid its employees, it used a flawed method to calculate its claimed hourly labor rates based on these yearly salaries. That is to say, Celadon’s calculations resulted in including indirect costs, e.g.,vacation time and paid lunch, in its direct labor rates. Celadon does not dispute this agency analysis. Thus, when Celadon applied the fringe benefit, overhead and G&A rates to its claimed labor rates, which should account for all of the indirect costs, Celadon was essentially double-counting the indirect costs included in the labor rates. This double-counting had the effect of including profit in addition to actual costs in Celadon’s proposed labor rates. A protester may not recover profit on its employees’ time in filing and pursuing protests, and, therefore, claimed rates must be based upon actual rates of compensation, plus reasonable overhead and fringe benefits, and not market rates that include profit as an element. W.S. Spotswood & Sons, Inc.--Claim for Costs, supra.
In sum, we recommend that Celadon be reimbursed its proposal preparation costs for 40 hours at $51.92 for one employee, for 40 hours at $40.86 for another employee, and for 10 hours at $51.92 for the president. After Celadon’s claimed indirect rates are applied to these direct labor costs, the total reasonable proposal preparation costs, as was determined by HHS, is calculated as $6,139. AR, Tab 26, Claim Calculation.
Celadon also claims $9,868 for its costs of pursuing the protest, representing 101.5 hours of Celadon’s president’s time at $67 per hour, plus applicable indirect costs. AR, Tab 2, Celadon’s Claim. The agency only allowed 60 hours at $51.92 per hour. AR, Tab 26, Claim Calculation. For the reasons stated above, we accept the agency’s determination that the president should be reimbursed at the $51.92 rate. However, the agency has not specifically contended that the 101.5 hours charged by the president for pursuing the protest are excessive, and based on our review of the record, we find no basis for so concluding. Thus, we find that Celadon should be reimbursed $7,648 for its costs of pursuing the protest, which represents 101.5 hours of the president’s time at $51.92 per hour, plus indirect costs at the claimed rates.
Finally, Celadon’s claim seeks reimbursement of $8,640,
reflecting time spent on the preparation of Celadon’s cost claim at the agency. However, while our Bid Protest Regulations
provide that we can recommend reimbursement of the costs of pursuing a claim
for protest costs at our Office, 4 C.F.R. sect. 21.8(f)(2), there is no provision
providing for reimbursement of costs of preparing and pursuing a claim at the
procuring agency. Manekin
Corp.--Costs, B-249040.2,
We recommend that Celadon be reimbursed $13,787 as the reasonable costs of proposal preparation and filing and pursuing its protest.
Gary L. Kepplinger
General Counsel
[1] The 230 days was based on 52 weeks x 5 days = 260 days, minus 30 leave days.
[2]
The agency calculated the hourly direct salary cost by multiplying the
semi-monthly salary “by the 24 pay periods and divided by 2,080 hours per
year. Based on the explanation provided,
1 hour per day for lunch is an indirect cost and 7 hours are direct costs.” AR, Tab 19, HHS Letter (
[3] The agency did express doubt about whether these indirect cost rates were supported.
[4] Although we have not reviewed the contents of these proposals (which were not provided to our Office), for the reasons explained in this decision, we are unable to find the agency’s concern in this regard to be unreasonable.