News:
10/14/2008 Report for the stem rust surveillance and management workshop held July 30-31, 2008
7/2/2008 Ug99 Workshop Summary Summary of national workshop on new virulences in wheat and barley stem rust held March 5-6, 2008, in Baltimore, Maryland.
1/16/2007: Dangerous wheat disease jumps Red Sea - Devastating fungal pathogen spreads from eastern Africa to Yemen, following path scientists predicted.
3/30/2007: Deadly Wheat Fungus Threatens World's Breadbaskets. see Science 30:1786-1787
4/2/2008: Gates Foundation awards $26.8 million to combat Ug99.
An emerging virulent stem rust race and vulnerability of wheat in the U.S. and worldwide.
New virulence in East Africa
In a nursery in Uganda, Africa in 1999, susceptible type stem rust pustules (collection designated Ug99) were found on wheat lines known to have the stem rust resistance gene Sr31, a gene for which no virulence had been reported previously anywhere in the world. Similar virulence was observed in 2001 in Kenya and 2003 in Ethiopia. (Race identification of earlier observations prior to 2001 could not be confirmed because of a lack of samples). Race typing (race TTKS based on Pgt system of nomenclature, see Phytopathology 78:526-533) and DNA confirmed the presence in Kenya in 2005. Sr31 is on the 1B/1R chromosomal translocation, a piece of rye chromosome that has been introduced into many wheat cultivars. In addtion to Sr31, the leaf rust resistance gene Lr26 and the stripe rust resistance gene Yr9 are also on the 1B/1R translocation.
Stem rust vulnerability of wheat worldwide--the Sr31 factor
Stem rust resistance gene Sr31 is widely utilized in wheat worldwide, particularly in the India subcontinent, China, Europe, and South America. From the CIMMYT report: Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in Developing Countries, 1966-97, developing countries planted 69 million hectares (~170 million acres) of spring wheat in 1997, of which nearly 80% were planted to CIMMYT-related varieties. Susceptibility of this material will provide little barrier to the spread of a virulent race (e.g. TTKS). |
|
|
Current research emphasis
-
Screening U.S. wheat in Kenya against stem rust race TTKS
-
Characterizing sources of resistance
-
Mapping effective resistance genes |
Germplasm evaluation
Contact at Cereal Disease Laboratory
Yue Jin (Yue.Jin@ars.usda.gov)
USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory
Other resources:
Global Rust Initiative http://www.globalrust.org/
Durable rust resistance in wheat (resources on rust of wheat)
Publications:
The spread of stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, with virulence on Sr31 in wheat in eastern Africa. Wanyera, R., Kinyua, M.G., Jin, Y. and Singh, R.P. 2006. Plant Dis. 90:113.
Resistance in U.S. wheat to recent eastern African isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with virulence to resistance gene Sr31. Jin, Y., and Singh, R.P. 2006. Plant Dis. 90:476-480.
Current status, likely migrations and strategies to mitigate the threat to wheat production from race Ug99 (TTKS) of stem rust pathogen. Singh, R.P., Hodson, D.P., Jin, Y., Huerta-Espino, J. Kinyua, M.G., Wanyera, R., Njau, P. and Ward, R.W. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 2006, 1, No. 054, 13 pp.
ARS, Cooperators Fight New Strain of Wheat Stem Rust
|