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Combined Sewer Overflows
Principal Guidance Documents
EPA has released a number of guidance documents explaining technical,
financial, and permitting issues underlying implementation of the
Combined Sewer Overflow Control Policy. Each guidance document is
described briefly below.
- Guidance: Coordinating Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Long-Term Planning with Water Quality Standards Reviews
Addresses impediments to implementing the water quality-based provisions in the CSO Policy, and actions that State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Directors and CSO communities should take to overcome these impediments. This guidance describes a process for integrating LTCP development and implementation with the water quality standards review. This process is the essence of EPA's commitment to facilitating the review and revision, as appropriate, of water quality standards for waters affected by CSOs (EPA-833-R-01-002).
- Combined Sewer Overflows Guidance for Nine Minimum Control Measures
Provides information on nine minimum technology-based controls that communities are expected to use to address CSO problems, without extensive engineering studies or significant construction costs, before long-term measures are taken. Communities are expected to implement the nine minimum controls and submit documentation no later than January 1, 1997 (EPA 832-B-95-003).
- Combined Sewer Overflows Guidance For Long-Term Control Plan
Describes how municipalities can develop comprehensive long-term control plans that recognize the site-specific nature of CSOs and their impacts on receiving water bodies. The document describes how to develop a long-term control plan that includes technology-based and water quality-based control measures that are technically feasible, affordable, and consistent with the CSO Control Policy (EPA 832-B-95-002).
- Combined Sewer Overflows Guidance For Monitoring and Modeling
Provides guidelines for the use of monitoring and modeling in the development and implementation of a CSO control program. The document provides information on characterizing a combined sewer system, assessing the impact of wet weather on CSO discharges, and assessing the impact of CSOs on receiving water bodies. It focuses on the characterization process described in the CSO Policy and refers to other literature for more in-depth explanations of specific techniques (EPA 832-B-99-002).
- Combined Sewer Overflows Guidance For Permit Writers
Intended primarily for NPDES permitting authorities and permit writers, describes how to develop and issue NPDES permits with CSO conditions that reflect the CSO Policy. It provides example permit language and stresses the need for coordination between permittees, permit writers, water quality standards authorities, enforcement authorities, and the public (EPA 832-B-95-008).
- Combined Sewer Overflows Guidance for Financial Capability Assessment and Schedule Development (Final)
Discusses how community's financial capability and other factors identified in the CSO Policy may be used to negotiate reasonable compliance schedules for implementation of CSO controls. It presents a two-phase process for assessing financial capability, based on EPA's experience in the Construction Grants, State Revolving Fund, enforcement, and water quality standards programs. It stresses the need for flexibility and evaluation of site-specific factors in the development of implementation schedules for CSO controls (EPA 832-B-97-004).
- Combined Sewer Overflows Guidance For Funding Options
Plain-English description of a broad spectrum of options that may be available to fund the capital, debt service, and operational costs of CSO controls. Describes the benefits and limitations of various options (EPA 832-B-95-007).
- Combined Sewer Overflows Screening and Ranking Guidance
An informal tool to help permitting authorities establish CSO permitting priorities. It may also help permittees rank their CSOs in order to best allocate their limited resources (EPA 832-B-95-004).
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