Regulatory Impact Analyses

EPA develops Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) to support the development of national air pollution regulations. RIAs contain descriptions of the potential social benefits and social costs of a regulation, including those that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and a determination of the potential net benefits of the rule including an evaluation of the effects that are not monetarily quantified. Typically, an RIA is structured similarly to an EIA, except that a benefits analysis of the rule is included along with an estimation of the net benefits. Further details about regulatory impact analyses completed by ABCG can be found in Section 2 of Chapter 2 of the OAPQS Economic Analysis Resource Document.

Below is a list of industries for which RIAs were developed. The RIAs are available in PDF format (unless otherwise noted) and can be downloaded by clicking on the links below.

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Regulatory Impact Analyses

Date

2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Lead

10-16-2008

As it does with all major rules, EPA conducted a benefits and costs analysis of the national air quality standard for lead pollution, which the Agency strengthened on October 15, 2008. This regulatory impact analysis is designed to inform the public and state, local, and tribal governments about the potential costs and benefits of implementing these important air quality standards. It is not a part of the standard selection process.

	The Regulatory Impact Analysis (promulgation) Full Document (PDF) (558pp, 12,647k) Executive Summary (PDF) (18pp, 181k) Cover (PDF) (1pp, 13k) Chapter 1: Introduction and Background (PDF) (7pp, 40k) Chapter 2: Characterizing Pb Air Quality and Emissions Data (PDF) (9pp, 110k) Chapter 3: Air Quality Assessment Methodology (PDF) (12pp, 116k) Chapter 4: Emissions Control Analysis: Design and Analytic Results (PDF) (22pp, 284k) Chapter 5: Benefit Analysis Approach and Results (PDF) (52pp, 963k) Chapter 6: Cost Analysis Approach and Results (PDF) (38pp, 454k) Chapter 7: Estimates of Benefits and Costs (PDF) (9pp, 131k) Chapter 8: Statutory and Executive Order Reviews (PDF) (6pp, 27k)
	The Regulatory Impact Analysis (proposal) Proposed Lead NAAQS Regulatory Impact Analysis(PDF) (168pp, 1,081k)

Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Petroleum Refineries NSPS

5-1-2008

2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ground-Level Ozone

3-13-2008

As it does with all major rules, EPA conducted an illustrative analysis of the potential costs and human health benefits of nationally attaining alternative ozone standards. The estimates are calculated incremental to a 2020 baseline that incorporates air quality improvements achieved through the projected implementation of existing regulations and full attainment of the existing ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)and the particulate matter (PM) NAAQS promulgated in September 2006. This regulatory impact analysis is designed to inform the public and states about the potential costs and benefits of implementing the new air quality standard. It is not a part of the standard selection process.

	The Regulatory Impact Analysis (promulgation) Full Document (PDF) (558pp, 12,647k) Executive Summary (PDF) (11pp, 524k) Cover and Table of Contents (PDF) (15pp, 72k) Chapter 1: Introduction and Background (PDF) (7pp, 32k) Chapter 2: Characterizing Ozone and Modeling Tools Used in This Analysids (PDF) (11pp, 212k) Appendix 2: Additional Emissions Modeling Platform Information (PDF) (3pp, 21k) Chapter 3: Modeled Control Strategy - Design and Analytical Results (PDF) (26pp, 2.3 MB) Appendix 3: Additional Control Strategy Information (PDF) (45pp, 2.3 MB) Appendix 3: Additional Control Strategy Information - revised (PDF) (45pp, 2.3 MB) Chapter 4: Approach for Estimating Reductions for Full Attainment Scenario (PDF) (20pp, 445k) Chapter 5: Engineering Cost Estimates (PDF) (34pp, 439k) Appendix 5a: Additional Cost Information (PDF) (30pp, 125k) Appendix 5b: Economic Impact of Modeled Controls (PDF) (27pp, 159k) Chapter 6: Incremental Benefits of Attaining Alternative Ozone Standards Relative to the Current 8-hour Standard (0.08 ppm) (PDF) (99pp, 2.8 MB) Appendix 6a: Additional Benefits Information (PDF) (8pp, 32k) Appendix Chapter 6b: Health-Based Cost-Effectiveness of Reductions in Ambient O3 and PM2.5 Associated with Illustrative O3 NAAQS Attainment Strategies (PDF) (67pp, 296pp) Appendix 6c: Additional Sensitivity Analyses Related To the Benefits Analysis (PDF) (8pp, 43k) Appendix Chapter 6d: Exploring the Effects of Changes in Tropospheric Ozone on UVB (PDF) (50pp, 4.5 MB) Chapter 7: Conclusions and Implications of the Illustrative Benefit-Cost Analysis (PDF) (16pp, 522k) Appendix 7a: National Baseline Sensitivity Analysis (PDF) (10pp, 43k) Appendix 7b: Post 2020 Attainment Analysis (PDF) (14pp, 167k) Chapter 8: Statutory and Executive Order Impact Analyses (PDF) (6pp, 24k)
	The Regulatory Impact Analysis (proposal) Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Proposed Revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ground-Level Ozone (364pp, 4,183k)

2006 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particle Pollution

10-6-2006

As it does with all major rules, EPA conducted a benefits and costs analysis of the national air quality standards for particle pollution, which the Agency strengthened on Sept. 21, 2006. This regulatory impact analysis is designed to inform the public and states about the potential costs and benefits of implementing these important air quality standards. It is not a part of the standard selection process.

	The Regulatory Impact Analysis Executive Summary (PDF) Table of Contents (PDF) Chapter 1--Introduction (PDF) Chapter 2--Defining the Problem (PDF) Chapter 3--Controls (PDF) Chapter 4--Air Quality (PDF) Chapter 5--Benefits (PDF) Chapter 6--Engineering Cost (PDF) Chapter 7-- Economic Cost Estimates (PDF) Chapter 8--Executive Order (PDF) Chapter 9--Comparison of Costs and Benefits (PDF) Appendix A--2015 Analysis (PDF) Appendix B--AERMOD Analysis (PDF) Appendix C--Microgram Tables (PDF) Appendix D--Inventory (PDF) Appendix E--Controls List (PDF) Appendix F--EIA (PDF) Appendix G--Health Based Cost Effectiveness Analysis (PDF) Appendix H--Additional Details on Benefits Methodologies (PDF) Appendix I--Visibility Benefits Methodology (PDF) Appendix J--Additional Benefits Sensitivity Analyses (PDF) Appendix K--Supplemental AQ Data (PDF) Appendix L--ACN (PDF) Appendix M--Projected Annual & Daily PM2.5 All Scenarios (PDF) Appendix N--12k (PDF) Appendix O--Model Evaluation (PDF)
	The Expert Elicitation As part of the Regulatory Impact Analysis, EPA sought the opinions of outside experts to support the characterization of uncertainty associated with reductions in exposure to particle pollution. As recommended by the National Academy of Sciences, EPA is using expert judgment as part of an effort to better describe the uncertainties inherent in any benefits analysis. This report and its findings are intended solely for this purpose. Expanded Expert Judgment Assessment of the Concentration-Response Relationship Between PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality (PDF) Expanded Expert Judgment Assessment of the Concentration-Response Relationship Between PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality - Appendix A: Elicitation Protocol (PDF) U.S. EPA Expert Elicitation Study On The Concentrationresponse Relationship Between Annual Average Ambient PM2.5 Exposures And Annual Mortality (PDF) Technical Support Document for the Expanded Expert Judgment Assessment of the Concentration-Response Relationship Between PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality: Expert Interview Summaries (PDF) Technical Support Document for the Expanded Expert Judgment Assessment of the Concentration-Response Relationship Between PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality: Peer Review of Expert Elicitation (PDF)