The 1840 Census was the first to include statistics on agriculture. Since then, each subsequent census has continued to gauge the overall picture of U.S. agriculture. Many of these are available on-line through the U.S. Census Bureau website or, here as PDFs:

1840 | 1850 | 1860 | 1870 | 1880 | 1890| 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 |

1840 Census of Agriculture

1850 Census of Agriculture

1860 Census of Agriculture

1870 Census of Agriculture

1880 Census of Agriculture

1890 Census of Agriculture

1900 Census of Agriculture

• Crops and Irrigation
• Farms, Livestock and Animal Products

1910 Census of Agriculture

• General Reports and Analysis
• Reports by State: Alabama to Montana
• Reports by State: Nebraska to Wyoming and Territories

1920 Census of Agriculture

• General Reports and Analysis
• Farms and Farm Property
• Farm Statistics by Color and Tenure of Farmer
• Farm Statistics by Race, Nativity, and Sex of Farmer
• Farm Mortgages
• Livestock Products
• Individual Crops
• Forest Products of Farms and Nurseries and Greenhouses

1930 Census of Agriculture

• Reports by State: Northern States
• Reports by State: Southern States
• Reports by State: Western States
• Type of Farm: Northern States
• Type of Farm: Southern States
• Type of Farm: Western States
• Farm Acreage and Farm Value

1940 Census of Agriculture

• Farm and Farm Property: New England, Middle Atlantic and East North Central States
• Farm and Farm Property: West North Central States
• Farm and Farm Property: South Atlantic States
• Farm and Farm Property: East South Central States
• Farm and Farm Property: West South Central States
• Farm and Farm Property: Mountain and Pacific States
• Value of Farm Products: Northern States
• Abandoned or Idle Farms
• Cash rent paid, or payable, by cash tenants and by part owners renting on a cash basis
• Cows Milked and Dairy Products
• Crop-sharing Contracts
• Cross-line Acreage
• Agriculture Handbook
• Ranking of Agricultural Counties
• Special Cotton Report
• Special Poultry Report
• Value of farm products by color and tenure of farm operator
• Analysis of specified farm characteristics for farms classified by total value of products

1950 Census of Agriculture

• New England States
• Middle Atlantic States
• Ohio
• Indiana
• Illinois
• Michigan
• Wisconsin
• Minnesota
• Iowa
• Missouri
• North and South Dakota
• Nebraska
• Kansas
• Delaware, Maryland and District of Columbia
• Virginia and West Virginia
• North and South Carolina
• Georgia
• Florida
• Kentucky
• Alabama
• Mississippi
• Arkansas
• Louisiana
• Oklahoma
• Texas
• Montana
• Idaho
• Wyoming and Colorado
• New Mexico and Arizona
• Utah and Nevada
• Washington and Oregon
• California
• Irrigation of Agricultural Lands
• Horticultural Specialties
• Multiple-Unit Operations
• Ranking of Agriculture Counties
• Land Utilization -- A Graphic Summary
• Farm Tenure -- A Graphic Summary
• Agriculture 1950 -- A Graphic Summary
• Irrigation 1950 -- A Graphic Summary
• Farm-Mortage Debt
• Economic Class and Type of Farm -- A Graphic Summary
• Farms and Farm Characteristics by Economic Subregions