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2003 Progress Report: Epidemiologic Study of Particulate Matter and Cardiopulmonary Mortality
EPA Grant Number: R827355C001Subproject: this is subproject number 001 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R827355
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Airborne PM - Northwest Research Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health
Center Director: Koenig, Jane Q.
Title: Epidemiologic Study of Particulate Matter and Cardiopulmonary Mortality
Investigators: Kaufman, Joel D. , Checkoway, Harvey , Karr, Catherine , Koenig, Jane Q. , Schreuder, Astrid , Shepherd, Kristine , Sheppard, Lianne , Siscovick, David , Sullivan, Jeff
Current Investigators: Kaufman, Joel D. , Ishikawa, Naomi , Karr, Catherine , Miller, Kristine , Schreuder, Astrid , Shepherd, Kristine , Sheppard, Lianne , Siscovick, David , Sullivan, Jeff
Institution: University of Washington
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz/Gail Robarge,
Project Period: June 1, 1999 through May 31, 2004 (Extended to May 31, 2006)
Project Period Covered by this Report: June 1, 2003 through May 31, 2004
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
RFA: Airborne Particulate Matter (PM) Centers (1999)
Research Category: Particulate Matter
Description:
Objective:The objective of Years 1-3 of the project was to investigate associations between ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure and cardiopulmonary disease risks. The objectives were addressed mainly through the use of case-crossover study designs. In Years 4-6 of the project, the epidemiology project objectives are expanded to consider myocardial infarction (MI) onset in Seattle and PM-health outcomes in multicity settings.
Progress Summary:Four accomplishments can be cited: (1) a study of associations between chronic air pollution exposure and cystic fibrosis (CF); (2) results from a study of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) cohort; (3) an analysis of the relationship between MI and air pollution in Seattle; and (4) a pending new grant.
Associations Between Air Pollution Exposure and Exacerbations of CF
Our analysis found a strong association between severity of CF and air pollution in a multicity study. The results were published in April 2004.
Preliminary Results From the WHI Cohort
Background . PM air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in studies of long-term exposure; however, prior studies have had limited geographical variability and individual-level information on prior medical history and did not assess nonfatal events. We examined the association of long-term exposure to PM with CVD in the WHI observational prospective cohort study.
Methods. We assigned air pollution exposures to 66,801 postmenopausal U.S. women with no history of CVD, using year 2000 average exposure data from the nearest representative PM2.5 monitor within 30 miles of the subjects’ residential ZIP code. Monitor characteristics and average annual pollutant concentrations were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency AirData database. Median followup was 6 years, including events through August 2003. Events were ascertained by review of hospital and medical records or death certificates with local adjudication according to standardized criteria. There were 421 fatal CVD events and 3,061 incident/nonfatal CVD events. Specific events included coronary heart disease deaths: 162, cerebrovascular deaths: 145, CVD deaths: 114, nonfatal MI: 597, angina: 854, revascularization: 165, coronary artery disease: 148, congestive heart failure: 382, stroke: 570, and transient ischemic attack: 345. For the first incident since enrollment, we calculated hazard ratios per 10-µg/m 3 increment of annual average PM2.5 exposure using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, smoking status, years smoked, cigarettes per day, diabetes, hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and elevated cholesterol.
Results . After adjustment for confounding factors, each 10 µg/m3 of PM2.5 was associated with a 17 percent increased risk of incident nonfatal and fatal CVD events, relative hazard (RH) 1.17 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.28). Risk was increased by 14 percent for incident nonfatal CVD events (RH 1.14; 95 % CI: 1.03, 1.26) and by 32 percent for fatal CVD events (RH 1.32; 95 % CI: 1.01, 1.73). Further adjustment for second-hand smoke, occupation, socioeconomic status, diet, exercise, and medications did not appreciably change estimates.
Conclusion. Our results suggest that long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with both CVD mortality and with nonfatal CVD events. Chronic air pollution exposure may influence CVD incidence in postmenopausal women.
An Analysis of the Relationship Between MI and Air Pollution in Seattle
Peters and coworkers (2001) reported an association between onset of MI and short-term exposure to air pollution in subjects in Boston. We acquired a data set giving time of onset of MI for a large cohort in Seattle; however, we were not able to replicate the Peters findings. Neither short-term nor same-day and 1-day lags of PM2.5 were associated with MI onset in the Seattle data set. Explanations are being considered.
New Grant Pending
A new grant exploring associations between PM and CVD is pending entitled, “Prospective Study of Atherosclerosis, Clinical Cardiovascular Disease, and Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter and Other Air Pollutants in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort.”
Future Activities:The epidemiology project will continue with the WHI research.
Journal Articles on this Report: 2 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other subproject views: | All 20 publications | 13 publications in selected types | All 13 journal articles |
| Other center views: | All 191 publications | 97 publications in selected types | All 94 journal articles |
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Goss CH, Newsom SA, Schildcrout JS, Sheppard L, Kaufman JD. Effect of ambient air pollution on pulmonary exacerbations and lung function in cystic fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2004;169(7):816-821. |
R827355 (2004) R827355 (Final) R827355C001 (2003) R827355C009 (2003) |
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Sullivan J, Sheppard L, Schreuder A, Ishikawa N, Siscovick D, Kaufman J. Relation between short-term fine particulate matter exposure and onset of myocardial infarction. Epidemiology 2005;16(1):41-48. |
R827355 (Final) R827355C001 (2003) R827355C001 (Final) R827355C009 (2003) R827355C009 (Final) |
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ambient particles, fine particles,
combustion, health, exposure, biostatistics, susceptibility, human susceptibility,
sensitive populations, air toxics, genetic susceptibility, indoor air, indoor
air quality, indoor environment, tropospheric ozone, California, CA, polyaromatic
hydrocarbons, PAHs, hydrocarbons, acute cardiovascular effects, aerosols, air
pollutants, air pollution, air quality, airborne pollutants, airway disease,
airway inflammation, allergen, ambient aerosol, ambient aerosol particles,
ambient air, ambient air quality, ambient particle health effects, animal model,
assessment of exposure, asthma, atmospheric aerosols, atmospheric chemistry,
biological markers, biological response, cardiopulmonary response, cardiovascular
disease, children, children’s vulnerability, combustion, combustion contaminants,
combustion emissions, epidemiology, exposure, exposure and effects, exposure
assessment, harmful environmental agents, hazardous air pollutants, health
effects, health risks, human exposure, human health effects, human health risk,
incineration, inhalation, lead, morbidity, mortality, mortality studies, particle
exposure, particle transport, particulates, particulate matter, risk assessment,
,
Air, Geographic Area, Scientific Discipline, Health, RFA, PHYSICAL ASPECTS, Susceptibility/Sensitive Population/Genetic Susceptibility, Toxicology, indoor air, Risk Assessments, genetic susceptability, Northwest, Health Risk Assessment, Physical Processes, Incineration/Combustion, Epidemiology, air toxics, Children's Health, Atmospheric Sciences, Biochemistry, particulate matter, Environmental Chemistry, Allergens/Asthma, State, aerosols, combustion contaminants, exposure assessment, incineration, risk assessment, California (CA), PAHs, exposure and effects, environmental hazard exposures, allergen, ambient air quality, cardiovascular disease, health effects, hydrocarbons, indoor air quality, inhalation, mortality, allergens, epidemelogy, air quality, ambient air, cardiopulmonary response, hazardous air pollutants, indoor environment, atmospheric aerosols, assessment of exposure, cardiopulmonary responses, combustion, harmful environmental agents, human health risk, particle exposure, toxics, epidemeology, mortality studies, acute cardiovascular effects, air pollutants, biostatistics, human health effects, particulates, sensitive populations, biological response, ambient particle health effects, air pollution, airborne pollutants, airway disease, atmospheric chemistry, biological markers, children, exposure, children's vulnerablity, human susceptibility, ambient aerosol, asthma, health risks, human exposure, Human Health Risk Assessment, morbidity, animal model, airway inflammation, particle transport
Relevant Websites:
http://depts.washington.edu/pmcenter/
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report
2000 Progress Report
2001 Progress Report
2002 Progress Report
Original Abstract
Final Report
Main Center Abstract and Reports:
R827355 Airborne PM - Northwest Research Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R827355C001 Epidemiologic Study of Particulate Matter and Cardiopulmonary
Mortality
R827355C002 Health Effects
R827355C003 Personal PM Exposure Assessment
R827355C004 Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter
R827355C005 Mechanisms of Toxicity of Particulate Matter Using Transgenic Mouse Strains
R827355C006 Toxicology Project -- Controlled Exposure Facility
R827355C007 Health Effects Research Core
R827355C008 Exposure Core
R827355C009 Statistics and Data Core
R827355C010 Biomarker Core
R827355C011 Oxidation Stress Makers