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2000 Progress Report: Epidemiologic Study of Particulate Matter and Cardiopulmonary Mortality
EPA Grant Number: R827355C001Subproject: this is subproject number 001 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R827355
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Airborne PM - Northwest Research Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health
Center Director: Koenig, Jane Q.
Title: Epidemiologic Study of Particulate Matter and Cardiopulmonary Mortality
Investigators: Kaufman, Joel D. , Checkoway, Harvey , Koenig, Jane Q. , Sheppard, Lianne , Siscovick, David
Current Investigators: Kaufman, Joel D. , Ishikawa, Naomi , Karr, Catherine , Miller, Kristine , Schreuder, Astrid , Shepherd, Kristine , Sheppard, Lianne , Siscovick, David , Sullivan, Jeff
Institution: University of Washington
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz/Gail Robarge,
Project Period: June 1, 1999 through May 31, 2004 (Extended to May 31, 2006)
Project Period Covered by this Report: June 1, 2000 through May 31, 2001
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
RFA: Airborne Particulate Matter (PM) Centers (1999)
Research Category: Particulate Matter
Description:
Objective:This project consists of two study designs addressing associations between ambient PM exposure and cardiorespiratory disease risks. The first design is a "case-crossover" study of roughly 1,100 out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) cases in Seattle. This design compares PM levels in the days immediately preceding SCA events with levels at previous reference time points. The second study, starting in the fall of 2001, will examine the chronic effects of exposure to ambient particulate matter in a multicity cohort being observed for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Progress Summary:
The second year of the project has been focused on completing the case-crossover analysis of sudden cardiac arrest in King County. Although our initial study of primary cardiac arrest using this methodology (Levy, 2001a; Levy, 2001b) involved 362 cases without any preexisting illness, this analysis uses a different and more heterogeneous sample of 1,206 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases in the Seattle region. More than one-half of these cases had preexisting cardiovascular disease.
Jeffrey Sullivan, M.D., M.H.S., Senior Fellow, has taken a major role in conducting the analysis for this project. The tables that follow demonstrate the characteristics of the cases and the exposure information being used. The past year has involved preparation and cleaning of the case and exposure databases, and the case-crossover analysis is now ongoing. We anticipate completion of data analysis by early summer 2001. This likely will include incorporation of models with lags of 1- and 4-hours as recently reported by Peters and colleagues (Peters, 2001).
Table 1. 1,206 cases of SCA in King County and South Snohomish County 1985-95
| Variable | Frequency (percent) |
| Age (median) | 67.4 |
| Female gender | 347/1206 (28.8%) |
| Race (non-white) | 117/1206 (9.7%) |
| Smoking (ever) | 721/1151 (62.6%) |
|
286 |
|
435 |
|
430 |
| Complete data not available on all characteristics of all cases. | |
Table 2. Clinical characteristics of 1,206 cases of sudden cardiac death
| Variable | Frequency (percent) |
| Heart disease | 660 |
|
355 |
|
274 |
|
48 |
|
33 |
|
140 |
|
85 |
|
380 |
|
304 |
|
554 |
|
391 |
|
164(afib) 47(flutter) |
|
43 |
|
24 |
| Prior Stroke | 113 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 53 |
| Diabetes | 235 |
|
224 |
|
11 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 232 (117 with PFTs) |
| Asthma | 110 |
| Healthy | ? |
Table 3. Occurrence of cases by year
| Year | Frequency | Percent | Cumulative |
| 1985 | 139 | 11.53 | 11.53 |
| 1986 | 141 | 11.69 | 23.22 |
| 1987 | 110 | 9.12 | 32.34 |
| 1988 | 115 | 9.54 | 41.87 |
| 1989 | 111 | 9.20 | 51.08 |
| 1990 | 121 | 10.03 | 61.11 |
| 1991 | 128 | 10.61 | 71.72 |
| 1992 | 95 | 7.88 | 79.60 |
| 1993 | 144 | 11.94 | 91.54 |
| 1994 | 102 | 8.46 | 100.00 |
| Total | 1,206 | 100.00 |
Table 4. Descriptive statistics for pollutants (nephelometer, PM10, SO2, CO, temperature)
| Variable | Units | N | Min | 10% | 25% | 50% | 75% | 90% | Max | Mean |
| Neph | 10km-1 bsp | 5254 | .05 | .2257 | .3127 | .4790 | .8497 | 1.5000 | 5.99 | .7108 |
| PM10 | µg/m3 | 1776 | 7.38 | 13.78 | 17.97 | 24.83 | 35.13 | 45.60 | 89.83 | 28.05 |
| SO2 | ppm | 5069 | .00 | .002500 | .004872 | .007609 | .01042 | .01364 | .03 | .00797 |
| CO | ppm | 5300 | .52 | 1.0208 | 1.2983 | 1.7083 | 2.2771 | 3.0083 | 7.56 | 1.9024 |
| Temp | F | 5041 | 15.00 | 40.00 | 45.00 | 52.00 | 60.00 | 66.00 | 79.00 | 52.510 |
Beginning in fall 2001, we will launch a new epidemiologic study of a multi-city cohort being observed for the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in a large number of cities with available PM monitoring data. We anticipate being able to study the effect of chronic exposure to ambient PM on incidence of cardiovascular disease in this cohort using a proportional hazards model approach.
Journal Articles on this Report: 3 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other subproject views: | All 20 publications | 13 publications in selected types | All 13 journal articles |
| Other center views: | All 191 publications | 97 publications in selected types | All 94 journal articles |
| Type | Citation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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Levy D, Sheppard L, Checkoway H, Kaufman J, Lumley T, Koenig J, Siscovick D. A case-crossover analysis of particulate matter air pollution and out-of-hospital primary cardiac arrest. Epidemiology 2001;12(2):193-199. |
R827355 (2004) R827355 (Final) R827355C001 (2000) R827355C001 (2001) |
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Levy D, Lumley T, Sheppard L, Kaufman J, Checkoway H. Referent selection in case-crossover analyses of acute health effects of air pollution. Epidemiology 2001;12(2):186-192. |
R827355 (2004) R827355 (Final) R827355C001 (2000) R827355C001 (2001) R825173 (1999) R825173 (2000) |
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Lumley T, Sheppard L. Assessing seasonal confounding and model selection bias in air pollution epidemiology using positive and negative control analyses. Environmetrics 2000;11(6):705-717. |
R827355 (2001) R827355 (Final) R827355C001 (2000) R827355C001 (2001) R827355C009 (Final) R825173 (1999) |
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ambient particles, fine particles, combustion, health, exposure, biostatistics, susceptibility. , Air, Geographic Area, Scientific Discipline, Health, RFA, PHYSICAL ASPECTS, Susceptibility/Sensitive Population/Genetic Susceptibility, Toxicology, indoor air, Risk Assessments, genetic susceptability, Northwest, Health Risk Assessment, Physical Processes, Incineration/Combustion, Epidemiology, air toxics, Children's Health, Atmospheric Sciences, Biochemistry, particulate matter, Environmental Chemistry, Allergens/Asthma, State, aerosols, combustion contaminants, exposure assessment, incineration, risk assessment, California (CA), PAHs, exposure and effects, environmental hazard exposures, allergen, ambient air quality, cardiovascular disease, health effects, hydrocarbons, indoor air quality, inhalation, mortality, allergens, epidemelogy, air quality, ambient air, cardiopulmonary response, hazardous air pollutants, indoor environment, atmospheric aerosols, assessment of exposure, cardiopulmonary responses, combustion, harmful environmental agents, human health risk, particle exposure, toxics, epidemeology, mortality studies, acute cardiovascular effects, air pollutants, biostatistics, human health effects, particulates, sensitive populations, biological response, ambient particle health effects, air pollution, airborne pollutants, airway disease, atmospheric chemistry, biological markers, children, exposure, children's vulnerablity, human susceptibility, ambient aerosol, asthma, health risks, human exposure, Human Health Risk Assessment, morbidity, animal model, airway inflammation, particle transport
Relevant Websites:
http://depts.washington.edu/pmcenter/
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report
Original Abstract
2001 Progress Report
2002 Progress Report
2003 Progress Report
Final Report
Main Center Abstract and Reports:
R827355 Airborne PM - Northwest Research Center for Particulate Air Pollution and Health
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R827355C001 Epidemiologic Study of Particulate Matter and Cardiopulmonary
Mortality
R827355C002 Health Effects
R827355C003 Personal PM Exposure Assessment
R827355C004 Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter
R827355C005 Mechanisms of Toxicity of Particulate Matter Using Transgenic Mouse Strains
R827355C006 Toxicology Project -- Controlled Exposure Facility
R827355C007 Health Effects Research Core
R827355C008 Exposure Core
R827355C009 Statistics and Data Core
R827355C010 Biomarker Core
R827355C011 Oxidation Stress Makers