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Alar (CASRN 1596-84-5)

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0287

Alar; CASRN 1596-84-5

Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are provided in the Background Documents.

STATUS OF DATA FOR Alar

File First On-Line 06/30/1988

Category (section)
Status
Last Revised
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) on-line 07/01/1991
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) no data 02/01/1991
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) no data

_I.  Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)

Substance Name — Alar
CASRN — 1596-84-5
Primary Synonym — Daminozide
Last Revised — 07/01/1991

The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer to the Background Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs can also be derived for the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances that are also carcinogens. Therefore, it is essential to refer to other sources of information concerning the carcinogenicity of this substance. If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this substance for potential human carcinogenicity, a summary of that evaluation will be contained in Section II of this file.

__I.A.1. Oral RfD Summary

Critical Effect
Experimental Doses*
UF
MF
RfD

No adverse effects

3-Generation
Reproduction Rat
Study

Uniroyal Chemical, 1966

NOEL: 300 ppm (15
mg/kg/day)

LEL: none
100
1
1.5E-1
mg/kg/day

*Conversion Factors -- 1 ppm = 0.05 mg/kg/day (assumed rat food consumption)

__I.A.2. Principal and Supporting Studies (Oral RfD)

Uniroyal Chemical. 1966. MRID No. 0009413. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.

Three-generation reproduction and lactation studies were conducted with rats from the 2 year feeding study and a control group. When the rats were approximately 100 days of age, 20 pairs of males and females were separated from the 300 ppm (15 mg/kg/day) dosage group. Fertility, gestation, viability, lactation, and litter body weights were similar thru two cycles of each generation. There was no evidence of adverse effects by any criteria of performance at 300 ppm (15 mg/kg/day).

__I.A.3. Uncertainty and Modifying Factors (Oral RfD)

UF — An uncertainty factor of 100 was used to account for the intra- and interspecies differences.

MF — None

__I.A.4. Additional Studies/Comments (Oral RfD)

A 2-generation reproduction study (Uniroyal Chemical Co., 1987) is currently under review.

Data Considered for Establishing the RfD:

1) 3-Generation Reproduction - rat: Principal study - see previous description; no core grade

2) 2-Year Feeding (oncogenic) - rat: Systemic NOEL=3000 ppm (150 mg/kg/day) (HDT); no core grade (Uniroyal Chemical, 1966)

3) 2-Year Feeding - dog: NOEL=3000 ppm (75 mg/kg/day) (HDT); no core grade (U.S. Rubber Co., 1966)

4) 2-Year Feeding (oncogenic) - rat: Systemic NOEL=10,000 ppm (500 mg/kg/day) (HDT); (LDT; adenocarcinomas of the endomethrium and leiomyosarcomas of the uterus in females); no core grade (NCI, 1978)

5) Teratology - rat: Developmental NOEL=390 mg/kg/day; Developmental LEL=1800 mg/kg/day (HDT; fetotoxic skeletal malformations); core grade supplementary (Uniroyal Chemical, 1978)

Other Data Reviewed:

1) 2-Year Feeding (oncogenic) - mouse: Systemic NOEL=5000 ppm (750 mg/kg/day); Systemic LEL=10,000 ppm (1500 mg/kg/day) (decreased body weight and survival in females); no core grade (NCI, 1978)

2) 90-Day Feeding - rat: NOEL=2160 mg/kg/day (HDT); no core grade (Uniroyal Chemical, 1964)

3) 2-Year Feeding (oncogenic) - rat: NOEL=10,000 ppm (500 mg/kg/day) (HDT); core grade supplementary (Uniroyal Chemical Co., 1986a)

4) 2-Year Feeding (oncogenic) - mouse: Erthrocyte count, hemoglobin level and hematocrit are somewhat lower in males of 10,000 ppm level (HDT); no core grade (Uniroyal Chemical Co., 1986b)

Data Gap(s): Rat Teratology Study; Rabbit Teratology Study

__I.A.5. Confidence in the Oral RfD

Study — Low
Database — Medium
RfD — Low

The critical study is given a low confidence rating. Because of the extensive but questionable quality of the database, the submission of a new reproduction study and the pending submission of new chronic rat and mouse studies, the database is given a medium confidence rating. Therefore, confidence in the RfD can be considered low to medium.

__I.A.6. EPA Documentation and Review of the Oral RfD

Source Document — This assessment is not presented in any existing U.S. EPA document.

Other EPA Documentation — Pesticide Registration Files

Agency Work Group Review — 09/16/1987

Verification Date — 09/16/1987

Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the RfD for alar conducted in August 2003 identified one or more significant new studies. IRIS users may request the references for those studies from the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or 202-566-1676.

__I.A.7. EPA Contacts (Oral RfD)

Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).

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_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)

Substance Name — Alar
CASRN — 1596-84-5
Primary Synonym — Daminozide

Not available at this time.

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_II.  Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure

Substance Name — Alar
CASRN — 1596-84-5
Primary Synonym — Daminozide

Not available at this time.

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_III.  [reserved]
_IV.  [reserved]
_V.  [reserved]

_VI.  Bibliography

Substance Name — Alar
CASRN — 1596-84-5
Primary Synonym — Daminozide
Last Revised — 07/01/1991

_VI.A. Oral RfD References

NCI (National Cancer Institute). 1978. Bioassay of Daminozide for Possible Carcinogenicity. NCI Carcinogenesis Technical Report Series No. 83. DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 78-1333.

Uniroyal Chemical. 1964. MRID No. 00009727. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.

Uniroyal Chemical. 1966. MRID No. 0009413. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.

Uniroyal Chemical Company. 1978. MRID No. 00053764. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.

Uniroyal Chemical Company. 1986a. MRID No. 00016266. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.

Uniroyal Chemical Company. 1986b. MRID No. 40093501k, 40451001. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.

Uniroyal Chemical Company. 1987. MRID No. 40233901. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.

United States Rubber Company. 1966. MRID No. 00094113. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.

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_VI.B. Inhalation RfD References

None

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_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References

None

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_VII.  Revision History

Substance Name — Alar
CASRN — 1596-84-5
Primary Synonym — Daminozide

Date
Section
Description
08/22/1988 I.A.4. Study 4) text revised
02/01/1991 I.B. Incorrect message removed
07/01/1991 I.A. Principal study clarified
07/01/1991 I.A.4. Citations clarified
07/01/1991 VI. Bibliography on-line
01/01/1992 IV. Regulatory Action section on-line
04/01/1997 III., IV., V. Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information.
10/28/2003 I.A.6. Screening-Level Literature Review Findings message has been added.

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_VIII.  Synonyms

Substance Name — Alar
CASRN — 1596-84-5
Primary Synonym — Daminozide
Last Revised — 06/30/1988

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