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Acenaphthene (CASRN 83-32-9)
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0442
Acenaphthene; CASRN 83-32-9
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Acenaphthene
File First On-Line 11/01/1990
Category (section) |
Status |
Last Revised |
|---|---|---|
| Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) | on-line | 04/01/1994 |
| Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) | no data | |
| Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) | no data | 05/01/1993 |
_I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)
Substance Name — Acenaphthene
CASRN — 83-32-9
Last Revised — 04/01/1994
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer to the Background Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs can also be derived for the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances that are also carcinogens. Therefore, it is essential to refer to other sources of information concerning the carcinogenicity of this substance. If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this substance for potential human carcinogenicity, a summary of that evaluation will be contained in Section II of this file.
__I.A.1. Oral RfD Summary
Critical Effect |
Experimental Doses* |
UF
|
MF
|
RfD
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Hepatotoxicity Mouse Oral Subchronic U.S. EPA, 1989 |
NOAEL: 175 mg/kg/day LOAEL: 350 mg/kg/day |
3000
|
1
|
6E-2
mg/kg/day |
*Conversion Factors: None
__I.A.2. Principal and Supporting Studies (Oral RfD)
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse oral subchronic study with acenaphthene. Study conducted by Hazelton Laboratories, Inc., for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
Four groups of CD-1 mice (20/sex/group) were gavaged daily with 0, 175, 350, or 700 mg/kg/day acenaphthene for 90 days. The toxicological evaluations of this study included body weight changes, food consumption, mortality, clinical pathological evaluations (includings hematology and clinical chemistry), organ weights and histopathological evaluations of target organs. The results of this study indicated no treatment-related effects on survival, clinical signs, body weight changes, total food intake, and ophthalmological alterations. Liver weight changes accompanied by microscopic alterations (cellular hypertrophy) were noted in both mid- and high-dose animals and seemed to be dose-dependent. Additionally, high-dose males and mid- and high-dose females showed significant increases in cholesterol levels. Although increased liver weights, without accompanying microscopic alterations or increased cholesterol levels, were also observed at the low dose, this change was considered to be adaptive and was not considered adverse. The LOAEL is 350 mg/kg/day based on hepatotoxicity); the NOAEL is 175 mg/kg/day.
__I.A.3. Uncertainty and Modifying Factors (Oral RfD)
UF — An uncertainty factor of 3000 reflects 10 each for inter- and intraspecies variability, 10 for the use of a subchronic study for chronic RfD derivation, and 3 for the lack of adequate data in a second species and reproductive/developmental data.
MF — None
__I.A.4. Additional Studies/Comments (Oral RfD)
Reshetyuk et al. (1970) examined the comparative toxicity of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene with respect to naphthalene. On intraperitoneal administration in rats (species/number/sex unspecified), naphthalene was more toxic than acenaphthene and acenaphthylene. Two LD\50? values (0.6 and 1.7 g/kg) were reported, but it is unclear to which of the three chemicals these values belonged. Intraperitoneal and intratracheal administration of naphthalene, acenaphthene, and acenaphthylene produced monotypic effects in the form of vascular disorders, and degeneration in the internal organs and central nervous system. Inflammatory changes were also observed in the lungs; the degree was the same for all three substances. Splenic degeneration was noted among the unscheduled deaths in this study. Reshetyuk et al. (1970) concluded that chronic inhalation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene had more pronounced toxic effects than naphthalene.
Gershbein (1975) exposed partially hepatectomized rats to 15 mg/kg acenaphthene in the diet for 7 days. The only parameters used to assess toxicity were body weight, absolute liver weight, and liver regeneration. Information on histopathologic alterations and food intake is needed to evaluate the adversity of decreased body weight gain and increased liver weight observed in this study. Increased liver regeneration was reported. Because of its inherent deficiencies, this study is not considered adequate for RfD derivation.
Knobloch et al. (1969) administered 2 g/kg acenaphthene orally to rats and mice for 32 days. Weight loss and mild histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney were observed. It is unclear whether experimental controls were used.
__I.A.5. Confidence in the Oral RfD
Study — Low
Database — Low
RfD — Low
Confidence in the study is low, because the observed effects were adaptive and not considered adverse. Confidence in the database is low because of the lack of supporting chronic toxicity and developmental/reproductive studies. Low confidence in the RfD follows.
__I.A.6. EPA Documentation and Review of the Oral RfD
Source Document — This assessment is not presented in any existing U.S. EPA document.
Other EPA Documentation — U.S. EPA, 1980
Agency Work Group Review — 11/15/1989
Verification Date — 11/15/1989
__I.A.7. EPA Contacts (Oral RfD)
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)
Substance Name — Acenaphthene
CASRN — 83-32-9
Not available at this time.
_II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure
Substance Name — Acenaphthene
CASRN — 83-32-9
Not available at this time.
_III.
[reserved]
_IV. [reserved]
_V. [reserved]
_VI. Bibliography
Substance Name — Acenaphthene
CASRN — 83-32-9
Last Revised — 11/01/1990
_VI.A. Oral RfD References
Gershbein, L.L. 1975. Liver regeneration as influenced by the structure of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. 11: 445.
Knobloch, K., S. Szendzikowski and A. Slusarczyk-Zalobona. 1969. Acute and subacute toxicity of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene. Med. Pracy. 20: 210-222. (Pol.) (Cited in U.S. EPA, 1980)
Reshetyuk, A.L, E.I. Talakina and P.A. En'yakova. 1970. Toxicological evaluation of acenaphthene and acenaphthylene. Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol. 14: 46-47.
U.S. EPA. 1980. Ambient Water Quality Criteria Document for Acenaphthene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Water Regulation and Standards, Washington, DC. EPA-440/5-80-015. NTIS PB81-117269.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Mouse Oral Subchronic Study with Acenaphthene. Study conducted by Hazelton Laboratories, Inc., for the Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC.
_VI.B. Inhalation RfC References
None
_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References
None
_VII. Revision History
Substance Name — Acenaphthene
CASRN — 83-32-9
|
Date |
Section |
Description |
|---|---|---|
| 11/01/1990 | I.A. | Oral RfD summary on-line |
| 11/01/1990 | VI. | Bibliography on-line |
| 01/01/1992 | IV. | Regulatory Action section on-line |
| 07/01/1992 | IV. | Wrong information removed |
| 05/01/1993 | II. | Carcinogenicity assessment under review |
| 08/01/1995 | II. | EPA's RfD/RfC and CRAVE workgroups were discontinued in May, 1995. Chemical substance reviews that were not completed by September 1995 were taken out of IRIS review. The IRIS Pilot Program replaced the workgroup functions beginning in September, 1995. |
| 04/01/1997 | III., IV., V. | Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information. |
_VIII. Synonyms
Substance Name — Acenaphthene
CASRN — 83-32-9
Last Revised — 11/01/1990
- 83-32-9
- Acenaphthylene, 1,2-dihydro-
- Acenaphthene
- HSDB 2659
- Naphthyleneethylene
- NSC 7657
- PERI-ETHYLENENAPHTHALENE
- 1,2-DIHYDROACENAPHTHYLENE
- 1,8-ETHYLENENAPHTHALENE