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Fine Particle (PM-2.5) Emissions Characterization
The objective of this program is to focus on characterization of fine particle emissions that are responsible for increased mortality in urban areas. Particles 2.5 microns or smaller (PM-2.5) which are emitted from the largest regional sources are targeted. Projects include measurement of PM-2.5 from instrumented heavy duty diesel trucks during operation on roadways, wood stoves, fireplaces, and fugitive emissions from construction sites. Characterization of major ammonia fugitive emission sources which form secondary PM-2.5 in the atmosphere from livestock and comparison of alternative particle size classifying equipment are also critical areas under study.
APPCD is developing the application of open-path FTIR systems to non-ducted sources to develop air emission factors. The FTIR is a good research tool that provides continuous information about several chemical species. Measurement methods and their performance are developed using a controlled release simulator. These methods are being applied to concentrated animal husbandry operations, such as measuring swine finishing barns fan exhausts, and ammonia and methane are the major species of interest. Initial field tests have focused on swine finishing barns and have been extended to the waste water lagoon. Additional testing is planned for other animal husbandry operations.
Additional U.S. EPA Resources
OAQPS Emission Inventory Improvement Program (EIIP), PM2.5 committee
Office of Mobile Sources, Highway Vehicle Particulate Model