ETA
Proposed Rules
Labor Certification Process and Enforcement for Temporary Employment in Occupations Other Than Agriculture or Registered Nursing in the United States (H-2B Workers), and Other Technical Changes
[ 5/22/2008]
[ PDF]
FR Doc E8-11214
[Federal Register: May 22, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 100)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Page 29941-29975]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr22my08-20]
[[Page 29941]]
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Part V
Department of Labor
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Employment and Training Administration
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20 CFR Parts 655 and 656
Labor Certification Process and Enforcement for Temporary Employment
in Occupations Other Than Agriculture or Registered Nursing in the
United States (H-2B Workers), and Other Technical Changes; Proposed
Rule
[[Page 29942]]
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DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Employment and Training Administration
20 CFR Parts 655 and 656
RIN 1205-AB54
Labor Certification Process and Enforcement for Temporary
Employment in Occupations Other Than Agriculture or Registered Nursing
in the United States (H-2B Workers), and Other Technical Changes
AGENCY: Employment and Training Administration, Labor, in concurrence
with the Wage and Hour Division, Employment Standards Administration,
Labor.
ACTION: Proposed rule; request for comments.
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SUMMARY: The Employment and Training Administration (ETA) of the
Department of Labor (DOL or the Department) are proposing changes to
modernize procedures for the issuance of labor certifications issued in
connection with H-2B nonimmigrants admitted to perform temporary
nonagricultural labor or services, and procedures to enforce compliance
with attestations made by sponsoring employers. Specifically, the
proposed rule re-engineers the application filing and review process by
centralizing processing and by enabling employers to conduct pre-filing
United States (U.S.) worker recruitment activities. In addition, the
proposed rule makes changes that will enhance the integrity of the
program through the introduction of post-adjudication audits and
procedures for penalizing employers who fail to meet the requirements
of the H-2B Program. In addition, through this proposed rule technical
changes are being made to both the H-1B and the permanent labor
certification regulations to reflect operational changes stemming from
this regulation. Finally, although Congress has vested the Department
of Homeland Security (DHS) with the statutory authority to enforce the
H-2B Program requirements and the Department possesses no independent
authority for such enforcement, this proposed rule describes potential
H-2B enforcement procedures the Department could institute in the event
that DHS and the Department work out a mutually agreeable delegation of
enforcement authority from DHS to the Department.
DATES: Interested persons are invited to submit written comments on the
proposed rule. Such comments must be received on or before July 7,
2008. Interested persons are invited to submit comments on the proposed
forms mentioned herein; such comments must be received on or before
July 21, 2008.
ADDRESSES: You may submit comments, identified by Regulatory
Information Number (RIN) 1205-AB54, by only one of the following
methods only:
Federal e-Rulemaking Portal www.regulations.gov. Follow
the Web site instructions for submitting comments.
Mail/Hand Delivery/Courier: Please address all written
comments (including disk and CD-ROM submissions) to Thomas Dowd,
Administrator, Office of Policy Development and Research, U.S.
Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room N-5641,
Washington, DC 20210.
Please submit your comments by only one method. The Department will
post all comments received on http://www.regulations.gov without making
any change to the comments, including any personal information
provided. The http://www.regulations.gov Web site is the Federal e-
rulemaking portal and all comments posted there will be available and
accessible to the public. The Department cautions commenters not to
include their personal information such as Social Security Numbers,
personal addresses, telephone numbers, and e-mail addresses in their
comments as such submitted information will become viewable by the
public via the http://www.regulations.gov Web site. It is the
responsibility of the commenter to safeguard his or her information.
Comments submitted through http://www.regulations.gov will not include
the commenter's e-mail address unless the commenter chooses to include
that information as part of his or her comment.
Postal delivery in Washington, DC, may be delayed due to security
concerns. Therefore, the Department encourages the public to submit
comments via the Web site indicated above.
Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, go the Federal eRulemaking portal at http://
www.regulations.gov. The Department will also make all the comments it
receives available for public inspection during normal business hours
at the Office of Policy Development and Research at the above address.
If you need assistance to review the comments, the Department will
provide you with appropriate aids such as readers or print magnifiers.
The Department will make copies of the rule available, upon request, in
large print and as electronic file on computer disk. The Department
will consider providing the proposed rule in other formats upon
request. To schedule an appointment to review the comments and/or
obtain the rule in an alternate format, contact the Office of Policy
Development and Research at (202) 693-3700 (VOICE) (this is not a toll-
free number) or 1-877-889-5627 (TTY/TDD).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For information on the H-2B labor
certification process proposed in 20 CFR 655.1 to 655.35 contact
Sherril Hurd, Acting Team Leader, Regulations Unit, Employment and
Training, Administration (ETA), U.S. Department of Labor, 200
Constitution Avenue, NW., Room N-5641, Washington, DC 20210; Telephone
(202) 693-3700 (this is not a toll-free number).
For information on the H-2B enforcement process proposed in 20 CFR
655.50 to 655.80 contact Michael Ginley, Office of Enforcement Policy,
Wage and Hour Division, Employment Standards Administration, U.S.
Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room S-3502,
Washington, DC 20210. Telephone (202) 693-0745 (this is not a toll-free
number).
Individuals with hearing or speech impairments may access the
telephone number above via TTY by calling the toll-free Federal
Information Relay Service at 1-800-877-8339.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
A. Statutory Standard and Current Department of Labor Regulations
Section 101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b) of the Immigration and Nationality Act
(INA or the Act) defines an H-2B worker as a nonimmigrant admitted to
the U.S. on a temporary basis to perform temporary nonagricultural
labor or services. 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b). The Department's
role in the H-2B visa program stems from its obligation, outlined in
the statute and the regulations of DHS, to certify--upon application
and sufficient demonstration by a U.S. employer intending to petition
DHS to allow it to hire H-2B workers--that there are not enough able
and qualified U.S. workers available for the position sought to be
filled and that the employment of the foreign worker(s) will not
adversely affect the wages and working conditions of similarly employed
U.S. workers. 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b); 8 U.S.C. 1184(c)(1); see
also 8 CFR 214.2(h)(6).
Section 214(c)(1) of the INA requires DHS to consult with
appropriate
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agencies of the Government before granting any H-2B visa petition
submitted by an employer. 8 U.S.C. 1184(c)(1). The DHS regulations for
the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), the agency in
DHS charged with the adjudication of immigration benefits such as H-2B
petitions, currently require, at 8 CFR 214.2(h)(6), that the intending
employer (other than in the Territory of Guam) first apply for a
temporary labor certification from the Secretary of Labor (the
Secretary) advising USCIS whether U.S. workers capable of performing
the services or labor are available, and whether the employment of the
foreign worker(s) will adversely affect the wages and working
conditions of similarly employed U.S. workers.
The Department's role in the H-2B process is currently advisory to
DHS. 8 CFR 214.2(h)(6)(iii)(A). The INA and DHS regulations govern the
H-2B petition process and set the broad parameters for labor
certification pursuant to which the Department issues its own H-2B
regulations and guidance. DHS H-2B regulations provide that an employer
may not file a petition with DHS for an H-2B temporary worker unless it
has received a labor certification from the Department (or the Governor
of Guam, as appropriate), or received a notice from either that a
certification cannot be issued. 8 CFR 214.2(h)(6)(iii)(C), (iv)(A),
(vi)(A).
Currently, DOL regulations at 20 CFR Part 655, Subpart A, ``Labor
Certification Process for Temporary Employment in Occupations other
than Agriculture, Logging or Registered Nursing in the United States
(H-2B Workers),'' govern the H-2B labor certification. Applications
received by the Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC) in the
Department's ETA, the office to which the Secretary has delegated her
advisory responsibilities described in the DHS H-2B regulations, are
processed first through the State Workforce Agency (SWA) having
jurisdiction over the area of intended employment.\1\ The SWAs review
the application and job offer, compare the wage offer against the
prevailing wage for the position, supervise U.S. worker recruitment,
and forward the completed applications to OFLC for further review and
final determination.
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\1\ The SWAs comprise agencies of State Government that receive
Federal Workforce Investment Act (WIA), Wagner-Peyser Act, and other
funds to administer our nation's one-stop career system and, through
those grants, perform certain activities on behalf of the Federal
Government, such as administration of the job clearance system. With
respect to this NPRM, they currently accept applications by
employers for processing prior to their transmittal to the
Department.
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To obtain a temporary labor certification, the employer must
demonstrate their need for the temporary services or labor meets one of
the regulatory standards of (1) a one-time occurrence, (2) a seasonal
need, (3) a peakload need, or (4) an intermittent need. 8 CFR
214.2(h)(6)(ii)(B). The employer or its authorized representative must
submit to the SWA a detailed statement of temporary need and supporting
documentation with the application for H-2B labor certification. Such
documentation provides a description of the employer's business
activities and schedule of operations throughout the year, explains why
the job opportunity and the number of workers requested reflects its
temporary need, and demonstrates how the employer's need meets one of
these four regulatory ``need'' standards. The petitioning employer must
also establish that the temporary position is full-time, and the period
of need is less than three years (although a labor market test and
certification must be obtained each year).
Additionally, the requesting employer must adequately test the U.S.
labor market to determine if a qualified U.S. worker is available for
the position. In order to ensure an adequate test of the labor market,
the employer must offer and subsequently pay for the entire period of
employment a wage that is equal to or higher than the prevailing wage
for the occupation at the skill level and in the area of intended
employment, and provide terms and conditions of employment that are not
less favorable than those offered to the foreign worker(s) or otherwise
inhibit the effective recruitment and consideration of U.S. workers for
the job.
Historically, the Department's review and adjudication took place
through ETA's Regional Offices. However, in December 2004, the
Department opened two new National Processing Centers (NPCs), one each
located in Atlanta, Georgia, and Chicago, Illinois, to centralize
processing of permanent and temporary foreign labor certification cases
at the Federal level. The Department published a notice in the Federal
Register at 70 FR 41430 (Jul. 19, 2005), clarifying that employers
seeking H-2B certifications must file two originals of Form ETA 750,
Part A, directly with the SWA serving the area of intended employment.
Once the application is reviewed by the SWA and after the employer
conducts its required recruitment, the SWA sends the complete
application to the appropriate NPC. The NPC Certifying Officer (CO), on
behalf of the Secretary, either issues a labor certification for
temporary employment under the H-2B Program, denies the certification,
or issues a notice that such certification cannot be made.
Currently, the Department has no enforcement authority or process
to ensure H-2B workers are employed in compliance with the H-2B
certification requirements. Congress vested DHS with that enforcement
authority in 2005. 8 U.S.C. 1184, Public Law 109-13, 119 Stat. 231,
318. As described more fully below, the Department in this NPRM
proposes an H-2B regulatory enforcement regime in the event that the
Department and DHS are able, pursuant to 8 U.S.C. 1184(c)(14)(B), to
work out a mutually agreeable delegation of enforcement authority from
DHS to the Department.
B. Earlier Efforts To Reform the H-2B Regulatory Process
On January 27, 2005, DHS and the Department issued companion NPRMs
to significantly alter H-2B procedures. 70 FR 3984, Jan. 27, 2005, 70
FR 3993, Jan. 27, 2005. As proposed, combined changes to both sets of
regulations would have eliminated in whole the Department's
adjudicatory role, ending the current labor certification process for
most H-2B occupations and permitting employers to submit labor-related
attestations directly to USCIS as part of a revised Supplement
accompanying the H-2B petition. The Department's proposed rule would
have authorized the Department to conduct random or selected audits of
labor attestations approved by USCIS and to recommend debarment of
employers from participation in the H-2B Program upon findings of
misrepresentation or violations of those attestations. The Department
would have established a new audit and debarment process at the
Department, and USCIS would have established its own procedures to
debar employers based on independent information. DHS regulations, as
proposed in 2005, also would have required filing directly by
employers, disallowing the filing of H-2B petitions by agents. Id.
The two agencies received numerous comments on the joint NPRMs.
Most commenters opposed the proposals to move the program to a USCIS-
based attestation system and to eliminate the Department's role in
reviewing the need of employers and the recruitment of U.S. workers
except in the context of a post-adjudication audit. These concerns
focused in part on the loss of the Department's experience in
adjudicating
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issues of temporary need and the potential adverse impact on U.S.
workers. Based on the significant concerns posed in these comments, and
after further deliberation within each agency, the Department and DHS
have not pursued their original proposal to streamline the program in
the manner suggested by the two companion NPRMs. Consequently, that
NPRM published by the Department on January 27, 2005 (RIN 1205-AB36)
was withdrawn in the Department of Labor Fall 2007 Regulatory Agenda.
See http://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaViewRule?ruleID=221117.
The Department has, however, continued to closely review its H-2B
Program procedures in order to determine appropriate revisions to the
H-2B labor certification process. This ongoing and systematic review
has been accelerated in light of considerable workload increases for
both the Department and the SWAs (an approximate 30 percent increase in
applications in Fiscal Year (FY) 2007 over those received in FY 2006,
and a comparable number during the first half of FY 2008) and limited
appropriations. On April 4, 2007, ETA issued Training and Employment
Guidance Letter (TEGL) No. 21-06, published in the Federal Register,
Apr. 20, 2007, 72 FR 19961, to replace its previous guidance for the
processing of H-2B applications (General Administration Letter No. 1-
95, 60 FR 7216, Feb. 7, 1995) and updated procedures for SWAs and NPCs
to use in the processing of temporary labor certification applications.
The Department then held national briefing sessions in Chicago and
Atlanta on May 1 and May 4, 2007, respectively, to inform employers and
other stakeholders of the updated processing guidance contained in TEGL
21-06. Attendees at those briefing sessions raised important questions
and concerns with regard to the effective implementation of TEGL 21-06
by the SWAs and NPCs. In response to the substantive concerns raised,
the Department further refined the process of reviewing applications in
TEGL 27-06 (June 12, 2007) providing special procedures for dealing
with forestry related occupations, and TEGL No. 21-06, Change 1 (June
25, 2007) updating procedures by allowing the NPC CO to request
additional information from employers to facilitate the processing of
applications. 72 FR 36501, Jul. 3, 2007; 72 FR 38621, Jul. 13, 2007.
Issues that were not addressed by these refinements, including those
requiring regulatory changes, namely issues of increasing workload and
processing delays, remain of concern to the Department.
C. Current Process Involving Temporary Labor Certifications and the
Need for a Redesigned System
The process for obtaining a temporary labor certification has been
described to the Department as complicated, time-consuming,
inefficient, and dependent upon the expenditure of considerable
resources by employers. In the H-2B Program, and particularly in recent
years, the sequential process for filing a temporary labor
certification first at the SWA, which reviews the application, compares
the wage offer to the prevailing wage for the occupation, oversees the
recruitment of U.S. workers, and then transfers the application to the
applicable ETA NPC, has been criticized for its length, overlap of
effort, and resulting delays. Application processing delays, regardless
of origin, can lead to adverse results with serious repercussions for a
business, especially given the cap on visas under this program, where
any delay may prevent an employer from obtaining H-2B workers that
year. This occurs because employer demand for the limited number of
visas greatly exceeds their supply and all visas are typically
allocated in the early weeks of availability. See 8 U.S.C.
1184(g)(1)(B) (setting H-2B annual visa cap at 66,000).
In addition, the Department's increasing workload poses a growing
challenge to efficient and timely processing of applications. The H-2B
foreign labor certification program continues to increase in popularity
among employers. While the annual number of visas available is limited
by statute, the number of certifications is not. The number of H-2B
labor certification applications has increased 129 percent since FY
2000. In FY 2007, the Department experienced a nearly 30 percent
increase in H-2B temporary labor certification application filings over
the previous fiscal year. The INA does not authorize the Department to
charge a fee to employers for processing H-2B applications \2\. At the
same time, appropriated funds have not kept pace with the increased
workload at the State or Federal level. This has resulted in
disparities in processing rates--some significant--among SWAs receiving
the initial H-2B employer applications. Some observers have noted these
disparities among States unfairly advantage one set of employers (those
in which the SWAs are able to timely process applications) over others
(those in which SWAs experience delays because of backlogs, inadequate
staffing or funding, or for other reasons).\3\
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\2\ The Department will be transmitting draft legislation to
Congress that would amend the INA to provide the Department with
authority to charge and retain a fee to recoup the costs of
administering the H-2B program.
\3\ The growth in the number of applications is explained in
part by the increasing desire of employers for a legal temporary
workforce and by legislation that permitted greater numbers of H-2B
workers into the U.S. by exempting from the 66,000 annual cap any H-
2B worker who had been counted against the numerical cap in previous
years. See, e.g., Save Our Small and Seasonal Businesses Act of 2005
(SOSSBA), Public Law 109-13, Div. B, Title IV, 119 Stat. 318 (May
11, 2005); see also Public Law 108-287 Sec. 14006, 118 Stat 951,
1014 (August 6, 2004) (exempting some fish roe occupations from the
cap).
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In light of these recurring experiences, the Department is
proposing several significant measures to re-engineer our
administration of the program. These changes do not alter, in any
substantive way, the current obligations and requirements of employers
who file an application for H-2B. Rather, these proposals are designed
to improve the process by which employers obtain labor certification in
areas where our program experience has demonstrated that such
efficiencies will not impair the integrity of the process or the
Department's role in protecting the job opportunities and wages of U.S.
workers. These proposals will also provide greater accountability for
employers through penalties, up to and including debarment, to further
protect against program abuse.
The redesigned process will require employers to complete
recruitment steps similar to those now required, but will enable them
to do so prior to filing the application for labor certification. Once
the recruitment is complete, the paper application will be submitted
directly to ETA instead of being filed with a SWA. To appropriately
test the labor market, employers will be required to first obtain a
prevailing wage rate from the appropriate NPC that will be used as the
wage to be offered in the recruitment of U.S. and foreign workers. The
employer will then follow recruitment steps similar to those required
under the current program. The employer will be required to attest to
and enumerate its recruitment efforts, but need not submit the
documentation supporting those efforts with its application. To ensure
the integrity of the process, the employer will be expected to retain
evidence of its recruitment, as well as other documentation specified
in the regulations, for 5 years from the date of certification, and
will be required to provide it in response to a request by the CO for
additional information made
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either prior to certification or, in the event the application is
selected for audit or for investigation by the Wage and Hour Division
(WHD), after a determination on the application has been issued.
Employers or their authorized representatives (attorneys or agents)
will be required to submit applications by U.S. Mail using a new form
designed to evidence the employer's compliance with the obligations of
the H-2B Program. The application form will collect, in the form of
attestations, information similar to that required by--and that in
given cases may be exchanged with SWA or NPC staff as part of--the
current H-2B labor certification process. As we modernize the process,
these additional attestations will be required from the employer to
ensure adherence to program requirements and firmly establish
accountability. As with recruitment, employers will be required to keep
records reflecting their compliance with all program requirements.
Assuming an application is complete and therefore accepted by the NPC
for processing, it will undergo substantive Federal review by the
Department.
In order to further protect the integrity of the program in light
of the elimination of SWA oversight of recruitment, specific
verification steps, such as verifying the employer's Federal Employer
Identification Number (FEIN) to ensure the employer is a bona fide
business entity, will be collected during processing to ensure the
accuracy of the information supplied by the employer and the employer's
compliance with program requirements. If an application does not appear
to be approvable on its face but requires additional information in
order to be adjudicated, the NPC will issue a Request for Further
Information (RFI), a process the program already employs. After full
Departmental review, an application will be certified or denied.
The introduction of new post-adjudication audits will serve as both
a quality control measure and as a means of ensuring program
compliance, along with WHD investigations. Audits will be conducted on
adjudicated applications that meet certain criteria, as well as on
randomly-selected applications. In the event of an audit (or WHD
investigation), employers will be required to provide information
supporting the attestations made in the application. Failure to meet
the required standards or to provide information in response to an
audit (or investigation) may result in an adverse finding for the
application in question, and that could lead either to Departmental
supervised recruitment in future applications or WHD investigations or
debarment from the program.\4\
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\4\ Further sanctions may be imposed by DHS under 8 U.S.C.
1184(c)(14):
``(14)(A) If the Secretary of Homeland Security finds, after
notice and an opportunity for a hearing, a substantial failure to
meet any of the conditions of the petition to admit or otherwise
provide status to a nonimmigrant worker under section
101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b) or a willful misrepresentation of a material
fact in such petition--
``(i) The Secretary of Homeland Security may, in addition to any
other remedy authorized by law, impose such administrative remedies
(including civil monetary penalties in an amount not to exceed
$10,000 per violation) as the Secretary of Homeland Security
determines to be appropriate; and
``(ii) the Secretary of Homeland Security may deny petitions
filed with respect to that employer under section 204 or paragraph
(1) of this subsection during a period of at least 1 year but not
more than 5 years for aliens to be employed by the employer.
``(B) The Secretary of Homeland Security may delegate to the
Secretary of Labor, with the agreement of the Secretary of Labor,
any of the authority given to the Secretary of Homeland Security
under subparagraph (A)(i).
``(C) In determining the level of penalties to be assessed under
subparagraph (A), the highest penalties shall be reserved for
willful failures to meet any of the conditions of the petition that
involve harm to United States workers.
``(D) In this paragraph, the term `substantial failure' means
the willful failure to comply with the requirements of this section
that constitutes a significant deviation from the terms and
conditions of a petition.''
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The combination of modernized processing of applications, and
replacement of the SWAs' current role in the recruitment and referral
of U.S. workers with pre-filing recruitment by the employer and audits
by the Department, should yield a considerable reduction in the overall
average time needed to process H-2B labor certification applications.
This process will reduce past processing times which have exceeded our
historical 60-day combined State and Federal processing window
timeframe.
D. Compliance Investigations and Remedies for Violations
Finally, this NPRM outlines a process to impose remedies for
violations in the event that the Department and DHS are able to work
out a mutually agreeable delegation of enforcement authority. The INA
and its implementing regulations provide the Department no direct
authority to enforce any conditions concerning the employment of H-2B
workers, including the prevailing wage attestation. Consequently,
current DOL H-2B regulations provide no substantive protections to
ensure that employers fulfill their obligations concerning the terms
and conditions of employment once the H-2B workers are employed.
Section 404 of Save Our Small and Seasonal Businesses Act of 2005,
Public Law 109-13, 119 Stat. 231, 318, amended the INA to provide the
Secretary of DHS with authority to impose certain sanctions when a
sponsoring employer has been found, after notice and an opportunity for
a hearing, to have committed ``a substantial failure to meet any of the
conditions of the petition to admit or otherwise provide status to a
nonimmigrant [H-2B] worker * * * or a willful misrepresentation of a
material fact in such petition''. 8 U.S.C. 1184(c)(14)(A). When such
violations are found, the Secretary of Homeland Security ``may, in
addition to any other remedy authorized by law, impose such
administrative remedies (including civil monetary penalties in an
amount not to exceed $10,000 per violation) as the Secretary of DHS
determines to be appropriate.'' Id. at 1184(c)(14)(A)(i). The statute
provides that the ``highest penalties shall be reserved for willful
failures to meet any of the conditions of the petition (which includes
the labor certification) that involve harm to United States workers.''
Id. at 1184(c)(14)(C). In addition, the Secretary of DHS is authorized
to ``deny petitions filed with respect to that employer under section
1154 of this title or paragraph (1) of this subsection during a period
of at least 1 year but not more than 5 years for aliens to be employed
by the employer.'' Id. at 1184(c)(14)(A)(ii). These enforcement
provisions became effective October 1, 2005.
The authority given to the Secretary of DHS under 8 U.S.C.
1184(c)(14)(A)(i) may be delegated to the Secretary of the Department,
with the agreement of the Secretary of the Department. Id. at
1184(c)(14)(B). In addition, the INA contains other authority for the
Secretary of DHS to delegate these functions. Under 8 U.S.C. 1103(a)(1)
and (a)(3) the Secretary of DHS is ``charged with the administration
and enforcement of [INA] and all laws relating to the immigration and
naturalization of aliens'' and is authorized to ``establish such
regulations; prescribe such forms of bond, reports, entries, and other
papers; issue such instructions; and perform such other acts as he
deems necessary for carrying out his authority under the provisions of
[INA].'' The Secretary of DHS ``is authorized to confer or impose upon
any employee of the United States, with the consent of the head of the
Department * * * under whose jurisdiction the employee is serving, any
powers, privileges, or duties conferred or imposed by [the INA] or
regulations issued thereunder upon officers or
[[Page 29946]]
employees of the Service.'' Id. at 1103(a)(6).
Pursuant to authority in 8 U.S.C. 1103(a)(6) and 1184(c)(14)(B),
the Department of Labor is currently in discussions with the Department
of DHS regarding whether the two Departments can work out a mutually
agreeable delegation of authority that would enable the Department to
enforce the terms of an H-2B certification and petition. In the event
such a delegation of authority can be worked out, the Department would
like to be prepared to begin enforcement of the H-2B Program and
accordingly this NPRM contains the Department's proposed regulations
implementing the enforcement of employer's H-2B attestations, as well
as the authority to impose appropriate sanctions. This NPRM proposes an
enforcement process by which the Department will investigate employer
compliance with H-2B attestations and impose remedies for violations
that are found, if that delegation occurs.
As noted above, section 214(c)(14)(A) of the INA uses broad
language in providing authority to impose ``such administrative
remedies (including civil money penalties in an amount not to exceed
$10,000 per violation) as the Secretary of Homeland Security determines
to be appropriate * * *.'' The Department is considering the scope of
remedies that may be assessed under this H-2B provision of the INA in
the event a delegation is issued. For instance, although the assessment
of back wage liability for the failure to pay the appropriate wage is a
common remedy in Federal statutes that protect the rights of workers,
see, e.g., 29 U.S.C. 216 (Fair Labor Standards Act); 29 U.S.C. 1854(c)
(Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act); 29 U.S.C.
2617 (Family and Medical Leave Act), the H-2B statutory provisions do
not provide explicit authority to require the payment of back wages. It
may be argued that an explicit statutory delegation of authority to
award back pay is unnecessary where back pay is required to enforce the
statute as Congress intended. See Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody, 422
U.S. 405, 417-418 (1975) (back pay award consistent with purposes of,
and a necessary component of remedy for violations of Title VII of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964); United States v. Duquesne Light Co., 423 F.
Supp. 507, 509 (W.D. Pa. 1976) (back pay appropriate remedy under
Executive Order 11,246). On the other hand, the H-1B provisions of the
INA contain language that is nearly identical to the language found in
H-2B,\5\ and unlike the H-2B provisions, H-1B also contains explicit
authorization for the assessment of back pay, Id. at 1182(n)(2)(D). It
may be that where Congress intended the assessment of back wages under
the INA, it said so explicitly and the lack of such explicit authority
under the H-2B statute might preclude such an assessment. See Beverly
Enterprises v. Herman, 119 F. Supp. 2d1 (D.D.C. 2000) (regulation
requiring payment of prevailing wage in the absence of a statutory
requirement found invalid). The Department solicits comments on the
appropriateness of assessing back wages and other remedies under the H-
2B provisions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\5\ 8 U.S.C. 1182(n)(2)(C)(i)(I)(H-1B) (``the Secretary * * *
may * * * impose such other administrative remedies (including civil
monetary penalties in an amount not to exceed $1,000 per violation)
as the Secretary determines to be appropriate * * *)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
II. Proposed Redesign To Achieve a Modern Attestation-Based Program
A. Prevailing Wage Obtained Prior To Commencing Recruitment
In order for the Secretary to be able to certify that U.S. workers
would not be adversely affected by the employment of H-2B workers, an
adequate test of the labor market must be conducted. Such a test must
include the employer offering and paying a wage that is equal to or
higher than the available position's prevailing wage, where the terms,
duties and conditions of employment are normal and promote the
effective recruitment and consideration of U.S. workers.
For many years, the Department has required H-2B employers to
submit their applications for certification to the SWAs. The SWA then
filled in the applicable prevailing wage for the job opportunity.
Department regulations at 20 CFR 656.40, which the Department applies
to prevailing wage determinations (PWD) for occupations under its
permanent and temporary non-agricultural foreign labor certification
programs, instructs SWAs to apply wage rates from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS), Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Survey to
determine the prevailing wage rate, unless superseded by a wage set by
a collective bargaining agreement or other statute. The BLS OES Survey
results of prevailing wages have for several years been available to
the SWAs and the public on the Department's Web site at http://
www.foreignlaborcert.doleta.gov/. Under current regulations and the
Department's prevailing wage guidance, SWAs may also accept employer-
provided alternatives from legitimate sources. See 20 CFR 656.40; see
also Employment and Training Administration, Prevailing Wage
Determination Policy Guidance, Nonagricultural Immigration Programs
(May 9, 2005), at http://www.foreignlaborcert.doleta.gov/pdf/Policy_
Nonag_Progs.pdf.
As part of the proposed reengineered process, employers will obtain
the prevailing wage for the job opportunity directly from OFLC. The
Department is proposing to allow employers to file prevailing wage
requests no more than 90 days in advance of the recruitment process and
to clarify the validity period for the wage determination. The OES
database is updated annually for use in the foreign labor programs.
Depending on the time of year that the PWD is obtained from the
Department, relative to the date of the most recent update, the wage
determination provided could be valid from several months up to 1 year.
Our program experience indicates that by federalizing the
prevailing wage application component we can institute a high level of
efficiency and consistency in the determination and provision of
prevailing wages which has been a past problem. This increased
efficiency and consistency will help ensure more accurate wage
determinations, which result in improved protections for U.S. workers.
The Department is especially interested in comments from employers who
have utilized the program in the past on the efficacy of this proposed
action.
The new system would federalize the issuance of prevailing wages,
and delegate the authority for determining prevailing wage rates to the
ETA NPCs. It is the Department's goal to eventually allow this activity
to be performed electronically between the NPC and the employer.
However, initially it will be a manual paper process.
Shifting wage determination activities to NPC staff would reduce
the risk of job misclassification because of centralized staff
experience and consistency, thereby not only strengthening program
integrity, but also ensuring consistency in classification across
States, resulting in improved protections for U.S. workers. Until the
new process can be implemented, the SWAs would continue to be
responsible for providing prevailing wage determinations (PWDs).
The Department has received numerous reports that in cases where
job descriptions are complex and contain more than one different and
definable job opportunity, some SWAs have made inconsistent
classifications, thereby resulting in inconsistent PWDs.
[[Page 29947]]
Furthermore, where H-2B workers need to work in several different
geographic areas which may be in the jurisdiction of several different
SWAs (examples include the New York, New Jersey, Connecticut ``Tri-
state Region'' or the Washington, DC-Maryland-Virginia metropolitan
area), questions have arisen about where to file a prevailing wage
request and how that wage should be determined. Utilizing the
federalized system discussed above would alleviate such confusion.
For consistency and greater efficiency across non-agricultural
programs, the Department is proposing extending this new wage request
processing model to the permanent labor certification program, as well
as to the attestations required under the H-1B, H-1B1 and E-3 specialty
occupation nonimmigrant programs. The new process will in no way alter
the substantive requirements of foreign labor certification programs,
and we anticipate that, at least in the foreseeable future, the
methodology for determining an appropriate non-agricultural wage rate
will remain much the same as it stands today; our intent is simply to
modernize, centralize, and make more consistent the mechanics and
analysis behind wage determination. Much as the SWAs do now, the NPCs
will evaluate the particulars of the employer's job offer, such as the
job duties and requirements for the position and the geographic area in
which the job is located, to arrive at the correct PWD. In the near
term, the Department will update and formalize its guidance for making
prevailing wage determinations to confirm existing procedures. As our
program experience administering the PWD process grows, the Department
may revise its guidance to reflect improved processes or methodology.
To implement and standardize the new process, ETA has developed a
new Prevailing Wage Determination Request (PWDR) form employers can use
to make their respective requests regardless of program or job
classification. The Department is considering means by which
eventually--resources permitting--such a request could be submitted,
and a prevailing wage provided, electronically.
For purposes of the permanent labor certification (PERM) program,
the regulations at 20 CFR part 656 will be amended to reflect the
transfer of prevailing wage determination functions from the SWAs to
the NPCs. Currently, Department regulations governing permanent labor
certification require an employer to obtain a PWD from the SWA before
filing a labor certification application with the Department or an I-
140 immigrant worker petition with DHS under Schedule A or for
sheepherders. In addition to technical changes required in part 656--
for example, we propose to change the definitions of ``prevailing wage
determination'' and ``State Workforce Agency'' under Sec. 656.3--
Subpart D, ``Determination of Prevailing Wage'', to require that
employers now seek a PWD directly from the NPC with jurisdiction over
the area of intended employment and with which they will be filing
their permanent labor certification application.
For purposes of the H-1B Program, the regulations at 20 CFR part
655 will be amended to reflect the transfer of PWD functions from the
SWAs to the NPCs. Department regulations covering the H-1B Program (and
by extension and reference both H-1B1 and E-3, which both utilize the
filing and approval of a Labor Condition Application, or LCA) permit an
employer to obtain a PWD from the SWA before filing an LCA with the
Department in order to obtain a ``safe harbor'' from a determination of
the validity of the prevailing wage. This proposal requires technical
changes to Sec. 655.731(a)(2) to permit employers to utilize a
prevailing wage obtained from the NPC rather than the SWA. These
changes would enable employers to seek a PWD directly from the NPC with
jurisdiction over the area of intended employment and with which they
will be filing their Labor Condition Application.
Under the new process, for purposes of H-2B job classifications,
NPC staff will follow the requirements outlined under proposed
Sec. Sec. 655.10 and 655.11 when reviewing each position and
determining the appropriate wage rate. These new regulatory sections
are consistent with existing regulations at 20 CFR 656.40 and the
Department's May 2005 Prevailing Wage Determination Policy Guidance,
Nonagricultural Immigration Programs, but would supersede current
regulations and guidance for the H-2B Program to the extent there are
any perceived inconsistencies.
In those cases where a job opportunity involves multiple worksites
in an area of intended employment and crosses multiple counties or
States and different prevailing wage rates exist because the worksites
are located in different Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA), the NPC
will analyze the different prevailing wage rates and determine the
appropriate wage as the highest wage rate among all applicable MSAs. In
these cases, the employer will not pay different wage rates depending
on the location of the work. The U.S. worker and the foreign worker are
both entitled to know and rely on the wage to be paid for the entire
period of temporary employment, and that wage will be the highest among
the application wages for the various locations of work.
The NPRM continues the Department's policy of permitting employers
to provide an independent wage survey under certain guidelines
delineated in the proposed rule. It also continues to provide for an
appeal process in the event of a dispute over the applicable prevailing
wage (but makes that process easier to use).
The Department welcomes comments, especially from potential users
of the system, on the proposals being presented. We are particularly
interested in comments regarding the required use of an online
prevailing wage system and form for interaction with the NPC.
B. Direct Filing With the NPC
Under the NPRM, the Department will continue to administer the
application process for H-2B temporary foreign labor certification.
However, the Department proposes to eliminate the role of the SWAs in
accepting and reviewing H-2B applications, overseeing recruitment, and
forwarding completed applications to the appropriate NPC. Instead, as
with the permanent labor certification process, the employer will file
applications directly with the Chicago NPC, as the Department will be
specializing its two centers effective June 1, 2008. However, each
employer will still be required to place a job order with the
appropriate SWA as part of the pre-filing recruitment, and we expect
SWAs will continue to place H-2B associated job orders in their
respective Employment Service systems.
This re-engineered filing process should reduce the time it takes
to process each application to conclusion. Under the current H-2B
process, employers initially file with the appropriate SWA, which
subsequently reviews the application, determines the prevailing wage,
and authorizes the employer to undertake recruitment of U.S. workers.
The SWA also places a job order in its Employment Service system and
makes referrals of interested U.S. workers to the employer. The SWA
receives the recruitment report and reviews it, forwarding the
completed application on to the NPC with an adjudication
recommendation. This last process of review is then duplicated at the
Federal level.
[[Page 29948]]
Given these current multiple levels of Government review, any
delays early in the process can have a ripple effect resulting in
delays at the NPCs. For example, due to differing and increasing
workload levels, local filing cycles, and declining resources, SWAs
vary considerably in the amount of time required, to review
applications, tell employers to initiate recruitment, review
recruitment results and, finally, forward the application to the NPC.
Consequently, the State (or even SWA jurisdiction) in which an
application is filed can significantly impact the application's
processing time. Employers can be disadvantaged through no fault of
their own simply based on their location, depending upon a SWA's
workload and available resources.
The disparity between demand for program services and processing
resources has increased in recent years, sometimes significantly, the
amount of time required to process even the most basic of applications.
In FY 2007, the average processing time for the SWA portion of an H-2B
labor certification application was 64 days, as compared to an average
of 31 days at the NPC level. As our recent program experience shows,
these delays have serious repercussions at the Federal level. The NPCs
must attempt to compensate for State delays by borrowing staff from
other non-H-2B processing activities. Shifting these finite resources
has created new backlogs in one or more of the other labor
certification programs. This is exacerbated by statutorily-mandated
processing times in some of the other programs.
By focusing the SWAs' role in the initial stages of processing H-2B
labor certification applications to the placement of job orders and
handling referrals, the Department anticipates being able to sustain
the processing of all applications on a first-in, first-out basis and
more effectively and efficiently oversee the adjudication of
applications. As a result of this proposed modernized and more
efficient application procedure, processing times will be significantly
more uniform across work locations.
We expect that the time savings gained from a process that removes
duplicative functions and ensures adjudication by the NPC will improve
the total time an employer must wait to obtain a labor certification
from the Federal Government. Moreover, the Department's centralization
of application review in its NPCs will permit greater consistency of
adjudication with respect to substantive issues. All major
determinations made as part of the certification process will be
consolidated from 53 agencies in the States and territories (except
Guam) to one federally-run NPC, thereby gaining efficiency of scale and
greater uniformity and accountability in training adjudicators and for
consistently applying relevant law and policy.
C. Employer Conducted Pre-Filing Recruitment
This NPRM proposes, under new Sec. 655.15, that employers be
required to conduct recruitment for U.S. workers prior to filing the
new form currently in development, to be styled on the Application for
Temporary Employment Certification. The purpose of the recruitment
process is to fulfill the Department's obligation to ensure an adequate
test of the availability of qualified U.S. workers to perform the work
and to ensure foreign workers are not employed under conditions that
adversely affect the wages and working conditions of similarly employed
U.S. workers. Employers will continue to be required to test the labor
market for qualified U.S. workers, at prevailing wages and working
conditions, no more than 120 days before the date the work must begin
(``date of need''), thus ensuring these jobs are made available, with
notice, to the U.S. workers who are most likely to qualify.
The Department further proposes that prevailing wages be obtained
from the NPC in advance of recruitment. The NPCs will issue prevailing
wages valid for the duration of the described need up to 1 year. The
employer will be obligated to ensure that the prevailing wage is valid
upon commencement of recruitment or on the date it files the
application with the Chicago NPC and that the appropriate wage is
listed in all recruitment documents. Obtaining the prevailing wage in
advance of initiating recruitment will help enable employers to begin
their recruitment obligations in a timely manner and will ensure that
the job is advertised and offered to U.S. workers at the appropriate
wage.
U.S. worker recruitment will continue to consist of prescribed
steps designed to reflect what the Department has determined, based on
program experience, are most appropriate to the occupations that are
the usual subjects of H-2B applications. These steps, which are
discussed in more detail below, will include the placement of a job
order with the SWA serving the area of intended employment; the
placement of three advertisements, one of which must be on a Sunday, in
the newspaper most appropriate for the occupation and most likely to
reach the U.S. workers who would apply and qualify for the job
opportunity; and preparation of a recruitment report outlining the
results of the recruitment to be submitted with the application. If the
employer determines in good faith that use of a professional, trade or
ethnic publication is more appropriate to the occupation, that
qualified workers likely to apply for the job opportunity would be more
likely to read that publication than a newspaper of general
circulation, and that it is the most likely source to bring responses
from qualified and available U.S. workers, the employer may use such a
publication in place of two of the daily (but not Sunday)
advertisements. This option would offer employers greater flexibility
in meeting recruitment requirements for those jobs that are
traditionally advertised in professional or trade journals
(particularly for those unionized jobs for which publications are most
likely to exist). In addition, in circumstances where it is appropriate
for the occupation and customary to the industry, the use of union
organizations as a recruitment source will continue to be required.
Employers will have to attest under penalty of perjury that (1) they
did, in fact, attempt to recruit U.S. workers in the manner described
above, and (2) any potentially qualified U.S. workers that applied were
rejected because in fact they were not qualified or for other lawful,
job-related reasons.
These steps are very similar to those currently required under the
current H-2B Program. The rule maintains the requirement that employers
must conduct recruitment and consider potential U.S. workers. By having
employers engage in these steps under their own direction rather than
the SWA's, and by having the employer forward their recruitment report
to the Department for review, we expect to improve application
processing and consistency while ensuring protections for U.S. workers.
Maintaining the Department's current requirement that recruitment take
place no more than 120 days before the date of need continues to ensure
jobs are advertised to U.S. workers with adequate notice given the
temporary nature of the employment.
Employer recruitment efforts must be documented and preserved for
production to the Department or other Federal agencies--for example, in
the event of either a post-adjudication audit or a pre-adjudication RFI
or an investigation by the WHD or another body. For purposes of this
regulation, the recruitment documentation requirements will be
satisfied by copies of the pages containing the advertisement from the
newspapers in
[[Page 29949]]
which the job opportunity appeared and, if appropriate, correspondence
signed by the employer demonstrating that labor or trade organizations
were contacted and were either unable to refer qualified U.S. workers
or non-responsive to the employer's request. Documentation of a SWA job
order will be satisfied by copies of the job order downloaded from the
Internet on the first and last day of the posting, or a copy of the job
order provided by the SWA with the dates of posting listed.
Newspapers remain a potential recruitment source for U.S. workers
likely to be affected by the introduction of H-2B labor. Permitting
employers to place their own newspaper advertisements pursuant to the
requirements outlined in the proposed regulation acknowledges industry
practice and needs, while maintaining accountability and worker
protection. One of the newspaper advertisements will be required to
appear on a Sunday, unless the job opportunity is in an area in which
the newspaper most likely to reach the most appropriate potential pool
of U.S. workers does not have a Sunday edition. Employers will be
required to list the specifics of the newspaper advertisement on the
application but will not be required to submit tear sheets or other
documentary evidence of that recruitment when the application is
submitted. However, the employer will be required to maintain
documentation of the actual advertisement(s) published and the results
of the recruitment effort in the event of an audit or other review. Our
recent program experience under the re-engineered PERM program has
demonstrated the viability of this approach. See 20 CFR part 656.
At the same time, our program experience has shown that while most
employers seek to comply with recruitment requirements, not all may do
so. For example, the Department's experience has long demonstrated that
there are employers who, if not provided with specific instructions,
will seek to demonstrate apparent compliance with advertising
requirements by placing the required newspaper advertisements in
newspapers having low circulations and which are the least likely
publications to be read by potentially available U.S. workers. In order
for the employer's job opening to receive appropriate exposure to the
widest pool of potentially available U.S. workers, the proposed
regulation at new Sec. 655.15(f) requires that the mandatory
advertisements (now including a Sunday edition) appear in the newspaper
of general circulation that the employer believes in good faith is most
appropriate to the occupation in the area of intended employment and
the most likely to be read by workers who will apply for the job
opportunity in the area of intended employment.
Under proposed Sec. 655.17, the advertisements must: (1) Identify
the employer with sufficient clarity to identify the employer to the
potential pool of U.S. workers (by legal and trade name, for example);
(2) provide a specific job location or geographic area of employment
with enough specificity to apprise applicants of travel or commuting
requirements, if any, and where applicants will likely have to reside
to perform the services or labor; (3) provide a description of the job
with sufficient particularity to apprise U.S. workers of the duties or
services to be performed and whether any overtime will be available;
(4) list minimum education and experience requirements for the
position, if any, or state that no experience is required; (5) list the
benefits, if any, and the wage for the position, which must equal or
exceed the applicable prevailing wage as provided by the NPC; (6)
contain the word ``temporary'' to clearly identify the temporary nature
of the position; (7) list the total number of job openings that are
available, which must be no less than the number of openings the
employer lists on the ETA application; and (8) provide clear contact
information to enable U.S. workers to apply for the job opportunity.
The advertisement cannot contain a job description or duties which are
in addition to or exceed the duties listed on the PWDR or on the
application, and must not contain terms and conditions of employment
which are less favorable than those that would be offered to an H-2B
worker.
If the job opportunity is in an industry, region and occupation in
which union recruitment is customary, the appropriate union
organization must be contacted. 72 FR 38621, 38624, Jul. 13, 2007. This
is a continuation of the current practice under TEGL 21-06, Ch. 1. 72
FR 382621, 38624, Jul. 13, 2007. Employer diligence will be required to
determine whether the job opportunity is one which has traditionally
been the subject of collective bargaining and whether it is therefore
appropriate and customary to contact the union. Some positions, such as
welders and drillers, have had a long history of collective bargaining
interaction. Others, such as landscapers, are not traditionally
unionized and there simply may be no collective bargaining unit to
contact. Those jobs in which union contact has been customary will
continue to be so; those in which there is no applicable union to
contact would fall outside of the job opportunities for which union
contact is ``appropriate to the occupation and customary to the
industry.'' The nature of the employment, not the employer, will be the
primary guide. Employers with uncertainties are invited to request
guidance from the Chicago NPC regarding the applicability of union
contact to their occupation during the recruitment period.
The SWA will continue to play an active role in the recruitment
process by posting an employer's job order. The employer will need to
contact the SWA to place the job order in its job posting system,
rather than rely on the SWA to place it in the course of adjudicating
the application, as is the case now. The job order will provide the
same information as the newspaper advertisements contemplated by this
NPRM. Under proposed Sec. 655.15(e), employers whose applications
involve worksites in multiple SWAs will place the job order with the
SWA having jurisdiction over the place where the work is contemplated
to begin. That SWA will post the job order and ensure the job order is
circulated to other SWAs covering other worksites as required.
The Department proposes to maintain the length of time the SWA
keeps the job order open to its current 10 consecutive calendar days.
We consider this amount of time the minimum necessary to provide
sufficient local involvement in placement and referrals.
To strengthen the integrity of the Secretary's determination of the
availability of U.S. workers, and to help bolster employers' confidence
in their local SWAs and the larger H-2B Program, the proposed rule
states that SWAs are required to verify the employment eligibility of
prospective U.S. workers before referring them under an H-2B job order.
That such a process is appropriate under the INA is evident from the
contemplation in section 274A(a)(5) (8 U.S.C. 1324a(a)(5)) of the
ability of an employer to rely upon the employment eligibility
verification conducted by a state employment agency (e.g., the SWA), if
that agency conducts the verification and provides to the employer a
certification that the agency has complied with the procedures required
for verification.
The INA clearly contemplates that workers who are competing for
jobs with H-2B foreign workers must be eligible to be employed in such
positions. The INA provisions governing admission of foreign workers
under the H-2B Program make employment eligibility of U.S. workers a
core element of their availability for such
[[Page 29950]]
jobs. By statute, the Secretary is consulted as to the availability of
persons in the U.S. ``capable of performing such service or labor''. 8
U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b). USCIS regulations require, at 8 CFR
214.2(h)(6), that the intending employer must first apply for a
temporary labor certification from the Secretary demonstrating that
U.S. workers capable of performing the services or labor are
unavailable, and that the employment of the foreign worker(s) will not
adversely affect the wages and working conditions of similarly employed
U.S. workers. Employers are therefore not penalized for turning away
U.S.-based applicants who are not authorized to work, and referred
workers who are refused employment on the basis of not having work
authorization are not counted as available for purposes of H-2B labor
certification.
The Department notes that DHS regulations at 8 CFR 274a.6 provide
the verification procedures for SWAs pursuant to INA section
274A(a)(5). The CIS regulations set out the procedures by which a SWA
may verify and certify to the employer the employment eligibility of
any referred worker. To confirm its continued eligibility to receive
Alien Labor Certification grant funding, each State agency will be
asked to submit proof of these procedures to the Department prior to
the beginning of the 2009 fiscal year. The SWA's responsibility to
perform threshold, pre-referral verification exists separate from each
employer's independent obligation under the INA to verify the
employment eligibility of every worker to whom it has extended a job
offer. The INA provides that employers who accept referrals from SWAs
that verify employment eligibility in compliance with the DHS process
and provide referred employees with appropriate documentation
certifying that employment eligibility verification has taken place are
entitled to ``safe harbor'' in the event it is later discovered a
referred worker was not authorized to work in the U.S. INA section
274A(a)(5); 8 U.S.C. 1324a(a)(5). To simplify the recruiting process
and avoid unnecessary duplication of functions, SWAs are directed to
provide all employers with adequate documentation that employment
verification of a referred employee has taken place.
The Department is not insensitive to the resource and time
constraints facing SWAs in their administration of H-2B activities and
the difficulties inherent in making informed referrals on a population
of workers that may be itinerant and difficult to contact. However, we
do not believe that this requirement has resulted or will result in a
significant workload increase or administrative burden. Further, the
mechanisms available for verification--including the E-Verify Web-based
system operated by DHS--allow SWA staff to perform this function
relatively quickly after training. Further, the performance of this
duty is an allowable activity under Wagner-Peyser funding each SWA
receives from ETA.
E-Verify is a program administered by USCIS. E-Verify
electronically verifies a person's employment eligibility after the
Employment Eligibility Verification Form (Form I-9) has been completed.
SWAs that choose to use E-Verify refer a job seeker to an H-2B-related
job only after job seekers complete a Form I-9 and SWAs submit
information via E-Verify. The SWA will be required to follow the terms
and conditions in the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that must be
signed by the SWA and USCIS in order to gain access to E-Verify. The
SWA may not refuse to make a referral and the employer may not refuse
to accept a referral because of an E-Verify tentative nonconfirmation
(TNC) of the employee's employment eligibility, unless the job seeker
decides not to contest the TNC. SWAs and employers may not take any
adverse action, such as delaying a referral or start date, against a
job seeker or referred worker based on the fact that E-Verify may not
have generated a final confirmation of employment eligibility. The SWA
will be required to advise the employer when E-verify generates a final
confirmation or nonconfirmation.
The requirement that SWAs verify employment eligibility prior to
referral is designed to strengthen the integrity of the temporary labor
certification process, afford employers a legal pool of applicants,
protect U.S. workers, and improve confidence in and use of the H-2B
Program. The policy is fully consistent with the Secretary's statutory
authority to administer H-2B labor certification and the SWA's
statutory responsibility to refer only eligible individuals.
The NPRM also clarifies the amount of time that U.S. workers should
be considered after the closing of the job order and the end of
recruitment before an employer is permitted to file an application.
Under the current program, SWAs differ considerably in their
instructions to employers (based on local practices) as to when
recruitment, particularly recruitment under the job order, may end. The
NPRM will make consistent such periods by requiring an employer to wait
at least 2 calendar days after the job order is closed and at least 5
calendar days after the last newspaper or journal advertisement to
complete the recruitment process, and prepare a written recruitment
report, listing the recruitment conducted, the applicants who came
forward seeking the job opportunity, and the reasons for rejection, to
be submitted with the application. By instituting a uniform time period
for the consideration of referrals, the Department intends to permit
employers an equitable time to complete their review of all referred
U.S. workers and prepare the required recruitment report.
D. Form Submission
The Department proposes initially to require employers to submit
applications on paper, through an information collection (form) to be
modified significantly from the current form to reflect an attestation-
based filing process. The use of a redesigned form would provide the
necessary assurances for the Department to verify program compliance.
The Department is considering, should resources become available, an
eventual electronic submission system similar to that employed in other
programs administered by the OFLC, such as the electronic-submission
system in PERM.
The Department is proposing to eventually require electronic
submission in explicit recognition of the fact that such a process will
significantly modernize the application filing and review process. An
electronic submission process will also improve the collection of key
program data and better allow the Department to anticipate trends,
investigate areas of concern, and focus on areas of needed program
improvement. Improved data collection will also enable the Department
to capture information regarding noncompliance and potential fraud that
may lead to future administrative, civil, or criminal enforcement
actions against unscrupulous or non-performing employers.
The Department recognizes that some H-2B employers may be concerned
about their ability to comply with the requirements through use of an
Internet-based submission process once it is implemented. The
Department is committed to providing, based upon its previous
experience and at the appropriate time, user-friendly electronic
registration and filing processes that enable use by any employer with
computer and Internet access. The Department invites comments, in
particular from H-2B employers, on the concept of an electronic filing
process.
[[Page 29951]]
E. Attestation-Based Process
The Department is proposing to require employers to submit the new
application directly to the Department by U.S. Mail or private mail
courier to the Chicago NPC. The application will contain certain
attestations to confirm employers' adherence to their obligations under
the H-2B Program. The employer will be required to retain documentation
confirming the contents of the attestations for the Department's review
in audits or investigations. An employer will be required to attest,
under penalty of perjury, that it has conducted the required
recruitment, it has not found sufficient qualified U.S. workers, and it
meets all of the requirements and obligations of the program, including
temporary need and payment of the prevailing wages.
1. Benefits From an Attestation-Based Process
The Department anticipates the shift to an attestation-based
process will reduce processing times while maintaining program
integrity. Employers will be expected to comply with all requirements
and obligations of the program and maintain appropriate documentation
evidencing their compliance. The Department retains for itself the
right to request such documentation made either in the course of
application consideration, after the adjudication of an application, or
through other permitted investigative means such as an investigation by
the WHD.\6\ These attestations and other information required by the
application form will elicit information similar to that required by
the current H-2B labor certification process showing the employer has
performed the necessary activities to establish eligibility for labor
certification.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\6\ The ability for the WHD, rather the Department of Homeland
Security, to investigate is contingent upon the Department and DHS
agreeing on a delegation of enforcement authority.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The proposed application form will require specific attestations
from the employer consistent with new Sec. 655.22 and similar to the
attestations made on the Form ETA-750 currently in use. For example,
the employer will have to attest that it is offering and will provide
wages and working conditions normal to workers similarly employed in
the area of intended employment; that it will offer and pay wages equal
to or in excess of the higher of the prevailing and applicable minimum
wages for the entire period of employment under the labor
certification; there is no strike, lockout, displacement, or work
stoppage in the course of a labor dispute in the occupational
classification in the place of employment; and, during the period of
certified employment, the employer will comply with all Federal, State
and local laws applicable to the employment opportunity.
An employer seeking to employ H-2B workers will attest that the
wage is not based on commission, bonuses or other incentives, unless
the employer guarantees a wage paid on a weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly
basis that equals or exceeds the prevailing wage for the duration of
the certified employment.
Several attestations will be added to those found on the current
form. As a companion to enabling employers to conduct recruitment prior
to filing the application, an employer will have to attest that it
conducted the required recruitment before filing the application and
was unsuccessful in locating sufficient numbers of qualified U.S.
applicants and, moreover, it has rejected any U.S. workers only for
lawful, job-related reasons. In the event of an RFI or audit, a CO may
review the employer's documentation regarding U.S. applicants and
determine whether these applicants were rejected only for lawful, job-
related reasons.
As an additional condition of program participation, an employer
will be required to attest that, upon the separation from employment of
H-2B worker(s) employed under the certification, if such separation is
prior to the end date of the employment as listed on the proposed
Application for Temporary Employment Certification, the employer will
notify the Department and DHS in writing of the separation from
employment not later than 48 hours after the separation occurs. The
notification is also required if an H-2B worker absconds from the
employment prior to the end date of the employment on the application.
The rationale for such notice is to ensure that when the basis for the
foreign worker's status terminates, both the Department and DHS can
take appropriate action.
Employers will, moreover, be required to inform foreign workers
that they too have responsibilities under the H-2B Program. While most
of the responsibilities attached to a foreign worker's status in the
U.S. fall within the purview of DHS, it is within the Department's
authority to establish employer requirements related to information to
be provided new workers. To that end, with respect to foreign workers
being employed under the H-2B Program, we find it warranted that
employees be informed that a separation from employment triggers the
requirement of departure, absent possession by the employee of
continued valid status consistent with DHS regulations. DHS will
establish a new land-border exit system for H-2B and other foreign
workers to help ensure that departure follows the end of work
authorization, regardless of whether it flows from a premature end or
from the end of the authorized labor certification.
In addition, under new Sec. Sec. 655.21 and 655.22(j), an employer
seeking to employ H-2B workers will be required to attest that the job
opportunity is for a full-time, temporary position. The H-2B Program
has always required that the positions being offered be temporary and
full-time in nature. The Department recognizes that some industries,
occupations and States have differing definitions of what constitutes
full-time employment. For example, certain landscaping positions are
often classified as full-time for a 35-hour work week. The Department
under new Sec. 655.4 has provided a basic definition of full-time
employment, but will continue to use its considerable experience in
determining whether work is full-time for foreign labor certification
purposes, based upon the customary practice in the industry in any
investigation of this attestation.
Under new Sec. 655.22(k), an employer seeking to employ H-2B
workers will attest that it is not displacing any similarly employed
permanent U.S. worker(s) in the occupation in the area of intended
employment within the period beginning 120 days before the date of need
and throughout the entire employment of the H-2B worker(s). Again, this
is a new attestation, but the Department has historically considered an
employer's layoffs of permanent U.S. workers in determining the
availability of workers in a given job opportunity. Considering the
effect of a layoff in the area of intended employment, particularly in
positions which require little or no experience and which are temporary
(and thus could be filled on a transitional basis by a laid-off worker
seeking new opportunities), is a long-standing practice in evaluating
applications in the H-2B Program. The integrity of the program depends
on legitimate employer need. An employer cannot lay off a permanent
U.S. worker in an occupation and then attest with any truthfulness that
it has a need for a foreign temporary worker for a position which the
laid-off U.S. worker could possibly fill. If there has been a layoff by
the employer in the area of intended employment within 120 days of the
date of need (evidenced by the requested date for certification on the
application), the employer must document, in writing, it has notified
and considered each of its own laid-off U.S. workers in
[[Page 29952]]
the occupation and area of intended employment and the results of the
notification and consideration. By requiring an employer to consider
laid-off former employees in the area of intended employment and in the
very occupation which the employer now seeks to fill, the Department
considers this attestation requirement a necessary obligation for any
employer seeking to hire workers under the H-2B Program. An employer
may reject a U.S. worker, including potential workers from the pool of
laid-off workers, but only for lawful, job-related reasons.
Under new Sec. 655.22(m), an employer must attest that if it will
place its employees at the job sites of other employers, it has made a
bona fide inquiry into whether the other employer has displaced or
intends to displace a similarly employed U.S. worker within the area of
intended employment within the period beginning 120 days before and
throughout the entire placement of the H-2B worker. In order to be able
to honestly attest to this condition, the Department believes that the
employer should inquire in writing to and receive a response in writing
from the employer where the H-2B worker(s) will be placed. This can be
done by exchange of correspondence or attested to by the secondary
employer in the contract for labor services with the employer
petitioning to bring in H-2B workers. This attestation at Sec.
655.22(m) also requires the employer to attest that all worksites where
the H-2B employee will work are listed on the Application for Temporary
Employment Certification.
Under new Sec. 655.22(l), an employer must attest that it has not
and will not shift the costs of preparing or filing the application to
the temporary worker, including the costs of domestic recruitment or
attorneys' fees. The Department will continue to permit employers,
consistent with the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), to make reasonable
housing and transportation deductions from a worker's pay for the
reasonable cost of furnishing housing and transportation. The domestic
recruitment, legal, and other costs associated with obtaining the labor
certification are, however, business expenses necessary for or, in the
case of legal fees, desired by, the employer to complete the labor
certification application and labor market test. The employer's
responsibility to pay these costs exists separate and apart from any
benefit that may accrue to the foreign worker. Prohibiting the employer
from passing these costs on to foreign workers allows the Department to
protect the integrity of the process, protect the wage of the foreign
worker from deterioration by deduction and protect the wages of U.S.
workers from depression.
An employer seeking to employ H-2B workers will be required to
attest that it will not place any H-2B workers employed pursuant to a
certification outside the area of intended employment as listed on the
proposed ETA Application for Temporary Employment Certification. The
required testing of the availability of U.S. workers and the effect on
their wages and working conditions would be rendered meaningless if an
employer could move an H-2B worker to a new worksite outside the area
of intended employment certified on the application. Employers may file
H-2B applications based upon more than one worksite; in fact,
applications listing multiple worksites are a common occurrence.
However, moving an H-2B worker to a worksite outside the area of
intended employment specified on the application negates the test of
the labor market undertaken with respect to that job opportunity,
leaving the U.S. workers in the area of employment without the benefit
of the opportunity to apply for that position. Further, to the extent
that such relocation is not provided for or is inconsistent with the
terms of entry authorized by DHS and the Department of State (DOS)--
terms built on the original labor certification--such activity calls
into question the continued admissibility of the foreign worker.
As part of its role in H-2B labor certification determinations, the
Department will continue to determine whether the employer has
demonstrated that it has a need for foreign labor, and that the need is
temporary. The employer will be required to attest and provide a short
narrative demonstrating its temporary need. Congress has mandated the
H-2B Program be used to fill only the temporary needs of employers
where no unemployed U.S. workers capable of performing the work can be
found. 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b). Therefore, job opportunities
that are permanent in nature do not qualify for the H-2B Program. In
this NPRM, the Department is proposing to consider a position to be
temporary as long as the employer's need for the duties to be performed
is temporary or finite, regardless of whether the underlying job is
temporary or permanent in nature, as long as the temporary need is less
than 3 years. The controlling factor is the employer's temporary need
and not the nature of the job duties. Matter of Artee Corp., 18 I&N
Dec. 366 (Comm. 1982); Cf. Global Horizons, Inc. v. DOL, 2007-TLC-1
(November 30, 2006)(upheld the Department's position that a failure to
prove a specific temporary need precludes acceptance of temporary H-2A
application); see also 11 U.S. Op. Off. Legal Counsel 39 (1987).
Determining ``temporariness'' within the context of labor
certification is fundamental to the Department's statutory function.
DHS regulations make the temporary nature of the services or labor to
be performed a threshold requirement for eligibility in the H-2B
Program, and a core element in the definition each foreign worker must
meet to be admissible under the visa. By definition, an H-2B worker
must: (1) Be entering the U.S. temporarily to perform temporary
services or labor; (2) not displace U.S. workers capable of performing
such services or labor, and (3) not, by virtue of the employment,
adversely affect the wages and working conditions of U.S. workers.
The definition of H-2B temporary need, as defined by DHS
regulations, sets the general situational criteria and conditions under
which an employer is permitted to seek a foreign worker. The employer
may have only one of four types of temporary need: (1) A one-time
occurrence, in which an employer demonstrates it has not had a need in
the past for the labor or service and will not need it in the future,
but needs it at the present time; (2) seasonal need, in which the
employer establishes that the services or labor is recurring and is
traditionally tied to a season of the year; (3) peakload, in which the
employer needs to supplement its permanent staff on a temporary basis
due to a short-term demand; or (4) an intermittent need, in which the
employer demonstrates it occasionally or intermittently needs temporary
workers to perform services or labor for short periods.
The proposed regulation leaves to the employer the ability to
choose the documentation that best demonstrates its chosen standard of
temporary need, to be retained by the employer and submitted in the
event of an RFI, a post-adjudication audit or a WHD investigation. For
most employers participating in the H-2B Program, demonstrating a
seasonal or peakload temporary need can best be evidenced by summarized
monthly payroll reports for a minimum of one previous calendar year
that identify, for each month and separately for full-time permanent
and temporary employment in the requested occupation, the total number
of workers employed, the total hours worked, and total earnings
received. Such reports, however, are not the only means by
[[Page 29953]]
which employers can choose to document their temporary need. The
proposed regulation accordingly leaves it to the employer to retain
other types of documentation, including but not limited to work
contracts, invoices, client letters of intent, and other evidence that
demonstrates that the job opportunity that is the subject of the
application is temporary. Contracts and other documents used to
demonstrate temporary need would be required to plainly show the finite
nature of that need by clearly indicating an end date to the activity
requested.
The proposed Department application form will be designed to
require both a short narrative of the nature of the temporary need and
responses to questions to determine the time of need and the basis for
the need. The narrative will enable the employer to demonstrate in its
own words the scope and basis of the need in a way that will enable the
Department to confirm the need meets the regulatory standard, with
additional questions on the form providing context and clarification.
If further clarification is still required, the RFI process will be
employed. The form will also contain an attestation that will be signed
under penalty of perjury to confirm the employer's temporary H-2B need.
Employers should be wary, however, of using documents demonstrating
a ``season'' in general terms (hotel occupancy rates, weather charts,
newspaper accounts); in the Department's experience, such generalized
statements fail to link a season to a specific position sought to be
filled by the employer, which is required under the program. The
Department also recognizes that conventional evidence such as payroll
information may not be sufficient to demonstrate a one-time or
intermittent need, or seasonal or peakload need in cases in which the
employer's need has changed significantly from the previous year. In
such cases, the employer should retain other kinds of documentation
with the application that demonstrates the temporary need.
The Department has explored means to ensure the continuing validity
of the labor market test in those situations in which an employer's
need is temporary but may be longer than one year. We readily recognize
the importance of protecting U.S. worker access to such jobs. We have
examined a number of approaches to operationalize the retesting of
labor markets and the impact not only on the Department's
administration of the program but the effect across Government
agencies. We propose in this NPRM to require those employers having
multiple-year temporary needs (up to three years) to retest the labor
market annually. We believe this is the best method by which to ensure
U.S. worker access to these job opportunities while recognizing an
employer's need, in some cases for workers to fill positions on a
multi-year basis. However, we invite comment on whether an alternative
approach that would not require annual retesting of the labor market in
situations where an employer has a multi-year temporary need for labor,
would be appropriate.
2. Retention of Supporting Documentation
Employers will be required to retain the documentation outlined in
the proposed regulations for 5 years from the date of adjudication to
demonstrate compliance with the requirements of the program and to
provide it in the event of an RFI, post-adjudication audit, WHD
investigation or other similar activity. The Department proposes a 5
year document retention requirement in the event a post-adjudication
audit is necessary, or another agency (such as DHS) requires the
documentation. The documents to be retained include proof of
advertising and posting, PWD, resumes/applications received, contact
made with applicants, and a copy of the written recruitment report
submitted with the application with recruitment results and reasons for
not hiring U.S. workers. The employer will also need to retain records
to prove temporary need such as monthly payroll records, invoices,
multi-year contracts, and other documents which can justify each month
of the temporary need. It is to the benefit of the employer to retain
the documents for a sufficient period to enable the employer to
demonstrate full compliance in the program, but no less than 5 years.
The Department proposes to counteract potential fraud or abuse in
the attestation-based process through a combination of approaches,
including post-adjudication audit, supervised recruitment and/or
debarment from future participation in the H-2B Program. All of these
proposals are discussed below, as well as various other mechanisms for
fraud detection and prevention, some of which are envisioned to be
automated and some of which rely on human review. In addition,
employers are reminded that any submission of materially false,
fictitious, or fraudulent statements to any Federal Government agency
constitutes a criminal violation under 18 U.S.C. 1001, subjecting
anyone convicted of a violation to fines and/or imprisonment for up to
5 years.
F. The RFI Process
The Department shall continue to employ the use of RFIs with some
adjustments. If an application is deficient or unclear or does not
appear to comply with Departmental policy, the CO will issue an RFI.
The RFI could be for something as simple as correction of typographical
errors or as complex as substantiation of temporary need or recruitment
results.
The RFI process is explained in TEGL 21-06, change 1. The
Department recognizes an RFI requires additional effort and may cause a
delay in the issuance of a certification, and therefore intends, to the
extent feasible, to make any such requests within 14 days of receiving
a fully completed application. After full review of the documentation
received in response to the RFI, an application will be certified and
returned to the employer, or denied for failure to overcome the
identified deficiencies.
Given the nature of the program, the limited time frame in which
employers must advertise in relation to their dates of need, and the
limited number of H-2B visas available under the INA, employers are
cautioned to review carefully the application before filing with the
Department. The Department expects that the RFI process and other tools
available to ETA will educate employers on the requirements of the H-2B
temporary labor certification program, and deter fraud and abuse. The
Department will strive to conduct such reviews in a timely manner,
recognizing that time is of the essence in the H-2B application
process. When necessary the CO may issue an additional RFI before
issuing a Final Determination.
G. Appeals
In a separate H-2B rulemaking, USCIS may propose to no longer
consider any H-2B petition filed without an approved labor
certification application from the Department. Accordingly, the
Department is amending its regulations to eliminate references to so-
called ``non-determinations,'' or a finding from the Department that no
finding of unavailability and adverse impact can be made with respect
to a particular Application for Temporary Labor Certification. In
addition, the Department is creating an appeal process whereby
employers receiving application denials can file a request for review
with the Department's Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals
(BALCA). The BALCA's determination will be based exclusively on the
record available to the CO. No further evidence will be considered. In
order to ensure
[[Page 29954]]
expeditious adjudication of appeals, the proposed regulation provides
relatively short time frames for the various parts of the appeal
process.
H. Amendments
The Department recognizes a need to be flexible with regard to
minor amendments of submitted and even certified applications. Such
flexibility, however, must be measured against an increasing tendency
by some employers to apparently artificially realign their true date of
need with visa availability. The Department has noted with some
consternation the apparent movement of ``need'' dates in recent years
to correspond more closely with Congressionally-imposed visa
availability dates. This apparent shift, however well-intentioned on
the part of the employer, does a substantial disservice to U.S. workers
who might otherwise take positions but may not be available for what
actually may be incorrect employment start dates. The Department's
mandate in the H-2B process, which is to ensure the selection and
admission of the H-2B worker does not adversely affect U.S. workers,
cannot permit an artificial movement of an employer's actual date of
need for workers in order to suit visa availability.
The Department therefore proposes in this NPRM to accommodate an
employer's requests for amendments to labor certification applications,
including minor adjustments to a date of need. Any such requests for an
amendment must be approved by the Department. In other words,
unilateral amendments by other Federal agencies to the representations
on the labor certification form will no longer be permitted.
In order to maintain the integrity of the labor market test and the
Secretary's mandate under the INA, substantial adjustments in the date
of need specified on an Application will not be granted after the
certification of the Application. To do so would invalidate the
validity of the test of the availability of U.S. workers central to the
Application, compromising the offer of the job opportunity to U.S.
workers and calling into question the recruitment process. The
Department invites comment on the appropriate window of time between
``minor'' and ``substantial'' adjustments to an employer's date of need
that would allow changes for legitimate unforeseen circumstances while
preventing the potential gaming of visa limits by proposing
artificially early dates of need that are later changed to reflect
actual dates of need.
III. Maintaining and Enhancing Program Integrity
A. The Use of Post-Adjudication Audits
The Department will, based upon various selection criteria,
identify applications for audit review after the application has been
adjudicated. The use of post-adjudication audits will permit the
Department to ensure an employer's compliance with the terms and
conditions of the H-2B Program and to fulfill the Department's
statutory mandate to certify applications only where unemployed U.S.
workers capable of performing such services cannot be found. INA
section 101(15)(H)(ii)(b), 8 U.S.C. 1101(15)(H)(ii)(b). The
attestations made by the employer and the information supplied on the
form supporting the attestations will be the primary criteria used in
the auditing program. Additionally, applications will also be randomly
selected for audit without regard to any triggering criteria. The
proposed rule will enable the Department to perform directed and random
audits on any application after it has been adjudicated, regardless of
whether the Department issued a certification or denial of the
application. This model is based upon our successful program experience
in administering the PERM Program, which was reengineered in 2005.
If an application is selected for audit, the employer will be
notified in writing and required to submit, within 30 days, the
documentation specified in the audit request to verify the information
stated in or attested to on the application. Upon timely receipt of an
employer's audit documentation, the audit information will be reviewed
by the CO who will then determine whether the employer has complied
with its obligations. Employers will be notified in writing of all
outcomes.
If a completed audit reveals evidence of non-compliance with
required attestations and/or other program requirements, the proposed
rule provides the CO the authority to order supervised recruitment,
initiate debarment proceedings, or refer the application to the Wage
and Hour Division for investigation. In addition, other Government
agencies may be notified, as appropriate, of the audit findings.
B. Supervised Recruitment
Supervised recruitment may be ordered for a specified period for
future applications submitted by that employer or on its behalf as a
sanction for prior violations of the H-2B Program. This could include
cases previously selected for audit where a deficient response was
provided, as well as cases where an employer's test of the labor market
for the availability of U.S. workers is found to be deficient.
Supervised recruitment will be applied in such cases to ensure that
such employers accurately and adequately test the labor market to
demonstrate a lack of U.S. workers capable of performing such services.
INA section 101(15)(H)(ii)(b), 8 U.S.C. 1101(15)(H)(ii)(b). As
proposed, advertising requirements under supervised recruitment will be
similar to those for non-supervised recruitment. Under supervised
recruitment, however, the advertisements will instruct applicants to
send resumes or applications to the CO for referral to the employer,
and will include an identification number and an address designated by
the CO. The employer will notify the CO of the date when the
advertisement will be published in accordance with the time frame
established by the CO.
At the completion of the supervised recruitment efforts, the
employer will be required to provide to the CO a written and signed
report of the employer's supervised recruitment. The recruitment report
must detail each recruitment source by name, the number of workers who
responded to the employer's recruitment, each applicant's contact
information, and an explanation, with specificity, of the lawful, job-
related reasons for not hiring each U.S. worker who applied. Failure to
provide the CO with the required recruitment report will result in
denial of the application and possible subsequent supervised
recruitment and/or program debarment.
C. Debarment
The Department is proposing a mechanism allowing it to debar an
employer/attorney/agent from the H-2B Program for a period of up to 3
calendar years. Debarment from the program is a necessary and
reasonable mechanism to enforce H-2B labor certification requirements
and ensure compliance with the Secretary's statutory objectives. The
proposed rule would permit the Department to debar an employer,
attorney, and/or agent for a period of up to 3 calendar years for
misrepresenting a material fact or to making a fraudulent statement on
an H-2B application, for a material or substantial failure to comply
with the terms of the attestations, for failure to cooperate with the
audit process or ordered supervised recruitment, or if the employer/
attorney/agent has been found by a court of law, WHD, DHS, or the DOS
to have committed fraud or willful misrepresentation involving any OFLC
[[Page 29955]]
employment-based immigration program. The OFLC Administrator will
notify the debarred employer/attorney/agent in writing and will state
the reason for the debarment findings. The notification will also state
the start and termination date of the debarment, and offer the
employer/attorney/agent an opportunity to request review before BALCA.
The employer will be accorded 30 calendar days from the date of
notice of debarment to file a request for review before BALCA. Upon
request for review, the OFLC will assemble an indexed Appeal File and
send a copy to BALCA. The BALCA will affirm, reverse, or modify the
OFLC's debarment determination. The BALCA decision will be the final
decision of the Department. After the appeal process is completed, if a
debarment determination is affirmed, the Department will inform DHS of
its findings, and add the debarred entity to a list available upon
request for public review that contains the names and addresses of the
debarred entities. A notification of debarment is not the same as a
denial of an application.
The Department acknowledges that the proposed sanctions of
supervised recruitment or debarment may not be proportionate to some
violations, and accordingly, has authority to impose lesser sanctions
(such as requirements to submit documentation) as appropriate. The
Department encourages comments on this issue to be considered in the
potential implementation of such additional sanctions in a final rule.
IV. Investigating Compliance With H-2B Attestations
A. Delegation of Enforcement Authority
The INA and its implementing regulations provide DOL no direct
authority to enforce any conditions concerning the employment of H-2B
workers, including the prevailing wage attestation. Pursuant to
authority vested in the Secretary of Homeland Security under sections
103(a)(6) and 214(c)(14)(B) of the INA, 8 U.S.C.1103(a)(6),
1184(c)(14)(B), the Department and DHS are discussing whether to
delegate authority to the Department to establish an enforcement
process to investigate employers' compliance with H-2B requirements and
to seek remedies for violations discovered by any resulting
investigations.
Assuming such a delegation of enforcement could successfully be
worked out between the agencies, the Department proposes here and seeks
public comment on the enforcement regime that tracks the limited
statutory enforcement authority Congress provided DHS. The Department
notes, however, that DHS's statutory authority to enforce the terms and
conditions of the H-2B Program is significantly narrower than the
Department's authority to enforce the terms and conditions of other
temporary worker programs such as H-2A and H-1B. Congressional action
to change the limited statutory grant of authority currently provided
to DHS, or to provide statutory authority to the Department, would be
required in order for the Department to have investigative and remedial
authority comparable to what the Department possesses with regard to
the other temporary worker programs, such as H-1B.
B. Compliance With Application Attestations
DOL proposes a WHD enforcement program addressing an H-2B
employer's compliance with employer attestations made as a condition of
securing authorization to employ H-2B workers. Additionally, the
proposed enforcement program will also cover statements made to DHS as
part of the petition for an H-2B worker on the DHS Form I-129, Petition
for a Nonimmigrant Worker. Compliance with attestations and the DHS
petition are designed to protect U.S. workers and will be reviewed in
WHD enforcement actions.
C. Remedies for Violations of H-2B Attestations
Assessment of civil money penalties. Under this proposed rule, the
WHD may assess civil money penalties in an amount not to exceed $10,000
per violation for a willful failure to meet conditions of the H-2B
labor condition application or of the DHS Form I-129, Petition for a
Nonimmigrant Worker for an H-2B worker or for a willful
misrepresentation of a material fact on the application or DHS
petition, or a failure to cooperate with a Department of Labor audit or
investigation.
Reinstatement of illegally displaced U.S. workers. The WHD will
seek reinstatement of similarly employed, permanent U.S. workers who
were illegally laid off by the employer in the area of intended
employment. Such unlawful terminations are prohibited if they occur
less than 120 days before the date of requested need for the H-2B
workers or during the entire period of employment of the H-2B workers.
Other appropriate remedies. WHD may seek remedies under other laws
that may be applicable to the work situation including, but not limited
to, remedies available under the FLSA (29 U.S.C. 201 et seq.), the
Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act (29 U.S.C.
1801, et seq.), and the McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act (41 U.S.C.
351 et seq.). WHD also may seek other appropriate remedies for
violations as it determines to be necessary. As noted above, the
Department requests public comments on what other remedies might be
appropriate under the H-2B provisions including, for instance, back
wages for failures to pay the prevailing wage rate.
E. Debarment
Under proposed Sec. 655.80, the Wage and Hour Administrator will
notify DHS and ETA of any final determination where the appropriate
remedy is for the Department to recommend to DHS that it not approve
petitions filed by an employer. The Wage and Hour Administrator's
notification will address the type of violation committed by the
employer and the appropriate statutory period for disqualification of
the employer from approval of petitions. The Wage and Hour
Administrator will notify DHS and ETA upon the earliest of the
following events: (1) Where the Administrator determines that there is
a basis for a finding of a violation by an employer, and no timely
request for a hearing is made; (2) where, after a hearing, the
administrative law judge issues a decision and order finding a
violation by an employer, and no timely petition for review is filed
with the Department's Administrative Review Board (Board); (3) where a
timely petition for review is filed from an administrative law judge's
decision finding a violation and the Board either declines within 30
days to entertain the appeal, or the Board reviews and affirms the
administrative law judge's determination; or (4) where the
administrative law judge finds that there was no violation by an
employer, and the Board, upon review, issues a decision, holding that a
violation was committed by an employer.
DHS, upon receipt of notification from the Administrator pursuant
to this section, shall determine whether to deny petitions filed with
respect to that employer under sections 204 or 214(c) of the INA (8
U.S.C. 1154 and 1184(c)) and, if so, the time period of such denials.
Additionally, DHS may pursue additional investigations to determine if
additional penalties within DHS jurisdiction are appropriate.
[[Page 29956]]
V. Other Regulatory Changes
A. Special Procedures
The proposed revisions to 20 CFR Part 655, Subpart A--the
redesigned H-2B Program--do not apply to temporary employment in the
Territory of Guam, because the Department does not certify to DHS the
temporary employment of nonimmigrant foreign workers under H-2B visas
in the Territory of Guam. Pursuant to regulations issued by DHS, that
function is performed by the Governor of Guam, or the Governor's
designated representative within the Territorial Government of Guam.
Hence, the Department does not intend for these regulations to reach
the H-2B Program as it exists in Guam. 8 CFR 214.2(h)(6)(iii).
There are other special longstanding situations where the
Department recognizes that special procedures for H-2B labor
certification are appropriate, specific to the industry and/or
occupation. These include, for example, occupations in sports,
logging\7\, reforestation and entertainment, as well as certain
international freight rail activities in northern New England, and
employment in small U.S. exclaves. Accordingly, the Department reserves
the right to, in its discretion, develop and implement special
procedures for H-2B applications relating to specific occupations. Such
special procedures will supplement the procedures herein described for
all H-2B applications.
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\7\ A recent Notice of Proposed Rulemaking issued by the
Department contemplates the effective transfer of logging activities
from H-2B to H-2A by expanding the definition of agricultural
activities. 73 FR 8538 (Feb. 13, 2008).
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B. Definitions
We have added definitions of the terms used in Part 655, Subpart A,
in an effort to ensure consistent use of terms in the H-2B Program.
Many definitions in that section are similar to the definition of terms
used throughout the labor certification process, specifically the H-1B,
H-2A and PERM Programs.
The definition of ``agent'' has been historically used in the H-2B
Program for those representatives of H-2B employers. It includes any
person, other than the employer, representing and authorized by the
employer to act on behalf of the employer during the H-2B processing of
a labor certification application. The term ``agent'' specifically
excludes associations or other organizations of employers.
The terms ``employed by an employer'' and ``employee'' are as
defined under common law standards have the same meaning given them in
section 203 of the FLSA. ``Employer'' has the same meaning provided in
regulations pertaining to other OFLC programs, specifically those found
at 20 CFR 656.3 regarding the PERM Program. The Department recognizes
the distinct need for the employer filing the application to have an
actual employment relationship with the H-2B employee, again to
maximize protection to the U.S. workers who must first be recruited and
considered by the employer for the job opportunity. In the past, job
contractors' demonstration of this relationship to potential employees
has been of concern to the Department. While many job contractors or
consulting firms maintain a legitimate employment relationship with
their H-2B employees, with other job contractors the employment
relationship may all but disappear once the worker arrives at the
worksite. A labor certification cannot be granted when filed on behalf
of an independent contractor, rather than an employee, as that term is
defined in the Internal Revenue Code.
The definition of ``job contractor'' proposed by the NPRM is the
same that has been historically used throughout the H-2B Program. Job
contractors, which typically supply labor to one or more clients under
contract, may file applications as employers. However, the Department
recognizes that job contracting entities may seek large numbers of H-2B
workers without providing a defined temporary need for such workers. A
job contractor will by definition have an ongoing need on behalf of all
of its clients. Therefore, the Department's position continues to be
that the temporary or permanent nature of the work of a job contractor
will be determined by examining the job contractor's need for such
workers, rather than the needs of its employer customers. A job
contractor that has an ongoing need for workers in the occupation,
spanning one or more contracts, most likely will be determined to have
a permanent need, resulting in a denial of the H-2B labor certification
application. A job contractor applying for certification for H-2B
workers must demonstrate that the employment is not speculative, that
is, it must demonstrate it has the need before it has the workers, by
demonstrating its own need to supply such workers (by signed work
contracts and other verification). The practice known in the industry
as ``benching'' of workers will not be permitted. In other words, jobs
must be real and available in a specified area of intended employment
in order that a legitimate test of the labor market may be conducted.
``Job opportunity'' has been a term historically used throughout
the H-2B Program. A job opportunity is considered temporary under the
H-2B classification only if the employer's need for the duties to be
performed is temporary, whether or not the underlying job is permanent
or temporary. It is the nature of the employer's need, not the nature
of the duties, which is controlling.
The definition of ``layoff'' has been a term historically used
throughout the H-2B Program. A layoff shall be considered any
involuntary separation of one or more employees without cause or
prejudice. It has been the Department's traditional position that COs
have the authority to consider the availability of laid-off workers
under the employer's mandate to test the labor market for qualified
U.S. workers. The proposed rule requires employers, if there has been a
layoff by the employer in the occupation in area of intended employment
within 120 days prior to the date of need for an H-2B worker, to attest
to and document notification and consideration of potentially qualified
U.S. workers involved in the layoff and the results of such
notification.
The Department has defined in this rulemaking the term
``professional athlete'' to track the meaning given the term in the
INA. The Department intends to issue guidance detailing the procedures
to be followed in filing applications on behalf of foreign workers to
be employed in professional team sports. Those positions that do not
meet the definitional criteria of professional athletes will not be
able to avail themselves of these special procedures.
C. Other Changes
The Department in this NPRM has also removed the requirement that
DHS submit back to the Department copies of the submitted approved
application or Schedule A occupations. These applications are handled
by DHS rather than by the Department. We have been sent a copy of each
application by DHS, pursuant to regulation. The Department no longer
sees any justification for this duplication of effort and seeks to
streamline the filing process for employers with this change.
V. Administrative Information
A. Executive Order 12866--Regulatory Planning and Review
The Department has determined that this rule is not an
``economically significant regulatory action'' within the
[[Page 29957]]
meaning of Executive Order 12866. The procedures for filing an
Application for Temporary Employment Certification under the H-2B visa
category on behalf of nonimmigrant temporary workers, as proposed under
this regulation, will not have an economic impact of $100 million or
more.
The direct incremental costs employers will incur because of this
proposed rule, above and beyond the current costs required by the
program as it is currently implemented, are not economically
significant. The only additional costs on employers resulting from this
proposed rule are those involved in the placement of a Sunday
advertisement rather than one daily advertisement. The cost range for
advertising and recruitment is taken from a recent (August 2007) sample
of newspapers in various urban and rural U.S. cities, and reflects
approximate costs for placing one 10-line advertisement in those
newspapers. The increased cost of advertising in a Sunday paper instead
of during the week is approximately $130. The additional total cost for
the 12,000 employers utilizing the H-2B Program of one Sunday ad would
average approximately $1,500,000 assuming that such ads would not have
been placed by the business as part of its normal practices to recruit
U.S. workers. Any additional record retention costs are minimal, as
records will require a burden of approximately 10 minutes per year per
application to retain an application and required supporting
documentation in the 4 years following the 1 year mandated for
companies already subject to such burdens. This will result in a total
cumulative burden of 2,000 hours, at a total cost of $114,940.
The Department anticipates that the increase in recruitment and
recordkeeping costs associated with the proposed rule will be offset by
cost savings from eliminating the time employers currently spend
working directly with SWAs to meet regulatory requirements. For
example, the additional half hour spent by a human resources
professional or office manager working with the SWA will be a
quantifiable cost saving; based on the median hourly wage rate for a
Human Resources Manager ($40.47), as published by the Department's
Occupational Information Network, O*Net OnLine, and increased by a
factor of 1.42 to account for employee benefits and other compensation,
employers could expect to save approximately $344,880. Further, the
expected reduction in average processing time for applications will
lead to a reduction in the resources employers currently spend for
expedited processing of applications with USCIS, and may eliminate, for
most employers, the need to file petitions with USCIS with an
additional expedite fee, for a savings of $9,120,000.\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\8\ USCIS has informed the Department, for example,
approximately 76 percent of all employers filed H-2B petitions in FY
2007 using the USCIS premium processing option, at the additional
cost of $1000 per petition.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employers will also experience significant time savings as a result
of the streamlining of the process. The Department estimates the
average time savings to employers will be at least 28 days from the
current process, based on the current average H-2B application
processing time of 73 days in the last fiscal year. While the
Department cannot estimate the cost savings as a result of this time
saved, it acknowledges employers will experience a variety of economic
benefits, including benefits from predictability of workforce size of
given dates and workforce availability regardless of geographic area,
as a result of this streamlining of the application process. These
benefits could be partially offset, however, by the effect on
employment due to the cap on H-2B visas being reached early in the
season, which leaves employers requiring workers in the latter part of
the season without needed access to H-2B foreign workers, except those
who are present in the U.S. and who could be transferred pursuant to a
new petition until the maximum stay is reached. The Department welcomes
comments on the costs and benefits of this reengineered approach.
B. Regulatory Flexibility Analysis
When an agency issues a rulemaking proposal, the Regulatory
Flexibility Act (RFA) requires the agency to prepare a regulatory
flexibility analysis and make it available for public comment. The RFA
must describe the impact of the proposed rule on small entities. (5
U.S.C. 603(a)). Section 605 of the RFA allows an agency to certify a
rule, in lieu of preparing an analysis, if the proposed rulemaking is
not expected to have significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities. ETA has notified the Chief Counsel for
Advocacy, Small Business Administration (SBA), and certifies under the
RFA at 5 U.S.C. 605(b), that this proposed rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.
The factual basis for such a certification is that, even though
this proposed rule can and does affect a substantial number of small
entities, there will not be a significant economic impact on them. The
Department receives more than 10,000 applications a year under this
program. In FY 2006 (October 1, 2005-September 30, 2006), ETA received
from SWAs 11,267 applications from employers seeking temporary labor
certification under the H-2B Program. According to the SBA, there were
approximately 25.7 million small businesses in the U.S. in 2005. The
Department does not maintain statistics on the size of the businesses
requesting H-2B workers, therefore, for the purposes of this analysis
the Department is willing to assume that all applicants are small
businesses.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\9\ Even though the Department is assuming it is not required to
perform the analysis, the Department is unable to classify the
employers by industry or by the two methods used by the SBA to
determine whether or not a business is a small entity as defined in
13 CFR 121.201. The RFA requires the Department to perform its RFA
analysis based on the size standards defined in 13 CFR 121.201. The
SBA utilizes annual revenue in some industries, while utilizing
number of employees in others to determine whether or not a business
is considered a small business. However, the Department has
historically not collected information about an employer's industry
classification, annual revenues, or number of employees currently on
payroll in the H-2B Program, and therefore cannot accurately and
comprehensively categorize each applicant-employer for the purpose
of conducting the RFA analysis by industry and size standard. In
lieu of the industry and size standard analysis, the Department
based the estimated costs of the reformed H-2B process assuming all
employers-applicants were small entities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Department believes, however, that the costs incurred by
employers under the proposed rule will not be substantially different
from those incurred under the current application filing process.
Employers seeking to hire foreign workers on a temporary basis under
the H-2B Program must continue to establish to the Secretary's
satisfaction that their recruitment attempts have not yielded enough
qualified and available U.S. workers. Similar to the current process,
employers under this proposed H-2B process will file a standardized
application but will retain recruitment documentation, a recruitment
report, and any supporting evidence or documentation justifying the
temporary need for the services or labor to be performed. To estimate
the cost of this reformed H-2B process on employers, the Department
calculated each employer will likely pay in the range of $500 to $1,850
to meet the advertising and recruitment requirements for a job
opportunity, and spend 2 hours and 40 minutes of staff time preparing
the standardized application, narrative statement of temporary need,
final
[[Page 29958]]
recruitment report, and retaining all other required documentation
(e.g., newspaper ads, business necessity) for audit purposes. In
estimating employer staff time costs, the Department used the median
hourly wage rate for a Human Resources Manager ($40.47), as published
by the Department's Occupational Information Network, O*Net OnLine, and
increased by a factor of 1.42 to account for employee benefits and
other compensation.
The overall costs of the H-2B program, which the Department
estimates to average $1,200 for advertising and personnel, will rarely
eliminate more than 10 percent of the businesses' profits; exceed one
percent of the gross revenue of the entities in a particular sector; or
exceed five percent of the labor costs of the entities in the sector.
The Regulatory Flexibility Act and the Small Business Regulatory
Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA), which amended the RFA, require that
an agency promulgating regulations segment and analyze industrial
sectors into several appropriate size categories for the industry being
regulated. However, the foreign labor certification programs are open
to all industries. In this particular instance it is the H-2B Program
that is being regulated, not a particular industry. Therefore, in
analyzing the number of small businesses that might be affected, the
Department looked at all small entities that had gross receipts of
$120,000 or less and profits of $12,000 or less and determined that
they do not make up a substantial number of small entities.
The Department acknowledges that there might be some extremely
small businesses, such as bed & breakfast establishments, which may
incur additional costs in order to file their application online as
envisioned in the future by this rule. However, employers physically
unable to file electronically (again in the envisioned future), who
might face a greater cost to arrange electronic filing, will be able to
request permission to engage in manual filings.
In summary, the total costs for any small entities affected by this
program will be reduced or stay the same as the costs for participating
in the current program. Even assuming that all entities who file H-2B
labor certification applications qualify as small businesses, there
will be no net negative economic effect.
The Department invites comments from members of the public who
believe there will be a significant impact on a substantial number of
small entities or who disagree with the size standard used by the
Department in certifying that this rule will not have significant
impact on a substantial number of small entities.
C. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C.
1531) directs agencies to assess the effects of Federal regulatory
actions on State, local, and tribal governments, and the private
sector. This proposed rule has no ``Federal mandate,'' which is defined
in 2 U.S.C. 658(6) to include either a ``Federal intergovernmental
mandate'' or a ``Federal private sector mandate.'' A Federal mandate is
any provision in a regulation that imposes an enforceable duty upon
State, local, or tribal governments, or imposes a duty upon the private
sector which is not voluntary. A decision by a private entity to obtain
an H-2B worker is purely voluntary and is, therefore, excluded from any
reporting requirement under the Act.
The SWAs will experience a direct impact on their foreign labor
certification activities in the elimination of certain H-2B activities,
which are proposed to be eliminated under the NPRM. These activities
are currently funded by the Department pursuant to grants provided
under the Wagner-Peyser Act. 29 U.S.C. 49 et seq. The net effect of
this NPRM will likely be to reduce the amounts of such grants available
to each State in an amount corresponding to its relative workload under
the H-2B Program in the receipt, processing and monitoring of each
application, to be reduced on a transitional basis upon implementation
of a final rule. Such reduction will be offset by a reduction in the
actual workload involved.
D. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996
The Department was not required to produce a Regulatory Flexibility
analysis; therefore, it is also not required to produce any Compliance
Guides for Small Entities as mandated by SBREFA (5 U.S.C. 801). The
Department has similarly concluded that this rule is not a ``major
rule'' requiring review by the Congress under SBREFA because it will
not likely result in: (1) An annual effect on the economy of $100
million or more; (2) a major increase in costs or prices for consumers,
individual industries, Federal, State or local government agencies, or
geographic regions; or (3) significant adverse effects on competition,
employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or on the ability of
U.S.-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises in
domestic or export markets.
E. Executive Order 13132--Federalism
This proposed rule will not have a substantial direct effect on the
States, on the relationship between the Federal Government and the
States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the
various levels of Government as described by Executive Order 13132.
Therefore, the Department has determined that this proposed rule will
not have a sufficient federalism implication to warrant the preparation
of a summary impact statement.
F. Assessment of Federal Regulations and Policies on Families
This proposed rule does not affect family well-being.
G. Executive Order 12630
The Department certifies that this proposed rule does not have
property taking implications, i.e., eminent domain.
H. Executive Order 12988
This regulation has been drafted and reviewed in accordance with
Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, and will not unduly burden
the Federal court system. The regulation has been written so as to
minimize litigation and provide clear legal standards for affected
conduct, and has been reviewed carefully to eliminate drafting errors
and ambiguities.
I. Plain Language
The Department drafted this NPRM in plain language.
J. Paperwork Reduction Act
This NPRM proposes to significantly change the method of collecting
information for the H-2B Program for which the current collection
instruments do not suffice. Employers are currently required to file a
Form ETA 750A (Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Control Number
1205-0015) when requesting a labor certification for temporary non-
agricultural workers. Additionally, each SWA has its own form for its
offered wage rate determinations. This proposed rule revises the
current process for applying by requiring petitioners to file a revised
form by U.S. Mail and envisions a future electronic filing requirement
where employers will attest to certain terms, conditions, and
obligations. These attestations are made to the U.S. Government in
accordance with these proposed regulations streamlining the processing.
To further
[[Page 29959]]
re-engineer the process, the proposed rule mandates the offered wage
rate determination requests be filed with the Department instead of the
individual SWAs. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) of 1995, the
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) considers the attestations and
the wage rate determination requests an information collection
requirement subject to review. Accordingly, this information collection
in this proposed rule has been submitted to OMB for review under
section 3507(d) of the PRA. Copies of the proposed information
collection request (ICR) can be obtained by contacting the office
listed below in the addressee section of this notice or at this Web
site: http://www.doleta.gov/OMBCN/OMBControlNumber.cfm or http://
www.reginfo.gov/public/dol/pramain. Written comments are encouraged and
will be accepted until July 21, 2008.
When submitting comments on the two information collections, your
comments should address one or more of the following four points.
Review Focus: The Department of Labor is particularly interested in
comments which:
Evaluate whether the proposed collection of information is
necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the agency,
including whether the information will have practical utility;
Evaluate the accuracy of the agency's estimate of the
burden of the proposed collection of information, including the
validity of the methodology and assumptions used;
Enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the
information to be collected; and
Minimize the burden of the collection of information on
those who are to respond, including through the use of appropriate
automated, electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection
techniques or other forms of information technology, e.g., permitting
electronic submissions of responses.
I. Overview of Information Collection Form Number 1
Type of Review: New.
Agency: Employment and Training Administration.
Title: Application for Temporary Employment Certification.
OMB Number: 1205-NEW1.
Agency Number(s): (Proposed) Form ETA 9142.
Recordkeeping: On occasion.
Affected Public: Individuals, households, businesses, farms,
Federal, State, local and tribal governments.
Total Respondents: 12,000.
Estimated Total Burden Hours: 33,200.
Total Burden Cost (capital/startup): 0.
Total Burden Cost (operating/maintaining): 0.
II. Overview of Information Collection Form Number 2
Type of Review: New.
Agency: Employment and Training Administration.
Title: Job Offer and Required Wage Request Form.
OMB Number: 1205-NEW2.
Agency Number(s): (Proposed) Form ETA 9141.
Recordkeeping: On occasion.
Affected Public: Individuals, households, businesses, farms,
Federal, State, local and tribal governments.
Total Respondents: 12,000.
Estimated Total Burden Hours: 9,675.
Total Burden Cost (capital/startup): 0.
Total Burden Cost (operating/maintaining): 0.
Comments submitted in response to this comment request will be
summarized and/or included in the request for OMB approval of the ICR;
they will also become a matter of public record.
All comments and suggestions or questions regarding additional
information should be directed to the Federal e-Rulemaking Portal at:
http://www.regulations.gov and a copy sent to the Office of Information
and Regulatory Affairs of the Office of Management and Budget,
Washington, DC 20503, Attention: Desk Officer for Employment and
Training Administration, and to Darrin King, Departmental Clearance
Officer, Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington,
DC 20210 or e-mail: King.Darrin@dol.gov. The information collection
aspects of the proposed rulemaking will not take effect until published
in a final rule and approved by OMB. Persons are not required to
respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently
valid OMB control number as required in 5 CFR 1320.11(k)(1).
K. Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Number
This program is listed in the Catalog of Federal Domestic
Assistance at Number 17-273, ``Temporary Labor Certification for
Foreign Workers.''
List of Subjects
20 CFR Part 655
Administrative practice and procedure, Foreign workers, Employment,
Employment and training, enforcement, Forest and forest products,
Fraud, Health professions, Immigration, Labor, Longshore and harbor
work, Migrant labor, Passports and visas, Penalties, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Unemployment, Wages, Working conditions.
20 CFR Part 656
Administrative practice and procedure, Agriculture, Aliens,
Employment, Employment and training, Enforcement, Forest and forest
products, Fraud, Guam, Health professions, Immigration, Labor,
Passports and visas, Penalties, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements, Students, Unemployment, Wages, Working conditions.
For reasons stated in the preamble, the Department of Labor
proposes that 20 CFR Parts 655 and 656 be amended as follows:
PART 655--[AMENDED]
1. The authority citation for part 655 is revised to read as
follows:
Authority: Section 655.0 issued under 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)
and (ii), 1182(n) and (t), 1184(c), (g), and (j), 1188, and 1288(c)
and (d); Sec. 3(c)(1), Public Law 101-238, 103 Stat. 2099, 2102 (8
U.S.C. 1182 note); Sec. 221(a), Public Law 101-649, 104 Stat. 4978,
5027 (8 U.S.C. 1184 note); Sec. 303(a)(8), Public Law 102-232, 105
Stat. 1733, 1748 (8 U.S.C. 1101 note); Sec. 323(c), Public Law 103-
206, 107 Stat. 2428; Sec. 412(e), Public Law 105-277, 112 Stat.
2681; and 8 CFR 214.2(h)(4)(i).
Section 655.00 issued under 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii),
1184(c), and 1188; and 8 CFR 214.2(h).
Subpart A issued under 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b), 1103(a),
and 1184(a) and (c); and 8 CFR 214.2(h).
Subpart B issued under 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(a), 1184(c),
and 1188; and 8 CFR 214.2(h).
Subpart C issued under 8 CFR 214.2(h).
Subparts D and E authority repealed.
Subparts F and G issued under 8 U.S.C. 1288(c) and (d); and
Sec. 323(c), Public Law 103-206, 107 Stat. 2428.
Subparts H and I issued under 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(b) and
(b)(1), 1182(n) and (t), and 1184(g) and (j); Sec. 303(a)(8),
Public Law 102-232, 105 Stat. 1733, 1748 (8 U.S.C. 1101 note); Sec.
412(e), Public Law 105-277, 112 Stat. 2681; and 8 CFR 214.2(h).
Subparts J and K issued under Sec. 221(a), Public Law 101-649,
104 Stat. 4978, 5027 (8 U.S.C. 1184 note).
Subparts L and M issued under 8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(i)(c) and
1182(m); Sec. 2(d), Public Law 106-95, 113 Stat. 1312, 1316 (8
U.S.C. 1182 note); Public Law 109-423, 120 Stat. 2900; and 8 CFR
214.2(h).
2. Revise the heading of Part 655 to read as follows:
PART 655--TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGN WORKERS IN THE UNITED
STATES
3. Revise subpart A to read as follows:
[[Page 29960]]
Subpart A--Labor Certification Process and Enforcement of Attestations
for Temporary Employment in Occupations Other Than Agriculture or
Registered Nursing in the United States (H-2B Workers)
Sec.
655.1 Purpose and scope of subpart A.
655.2 Territory of Guam.
655.3 Special procedures.
655.4 Definitions of terms used in this subpart.
655.5 [Reserved]
655.6 Temporary need.
655.7-655.9 [Reserved]
655.10 Determination of prevailing wage for temporary labor
certification purposes.
655.11 Certifying officer review of prevailing wage determinations.
655.12-655.14 [Reserved]
655.15 Required pre-filing recruitment.
655.17 Advertising requirements.
655.18-655.19 [Reserved]
655.20 Applications for temporary employment certification.
655.21 Supporting evidence for temporary need.
655.22 Obligations of H-2B employers.
655.23 Receipt and processing of applications.
655.24 Audits.
655.25-655.29 [Reserved]
655.30 Supervised recruitment.
655.31 Debarment.
655.32 Labor certification determinations.
655.33 Administrative.
655.34 Validity of temporary labor certifications.
655.35 Required departure.
655.50 Enforcement process.
655.55 [Reserved]
655.60 Violations.
655.65 Remedies for violations.
655.70 Administrator's determination.
655.71 Request for hearing.
655.72 Hearing rules of practice.
655.73 Service of pleadings.
655.74 Conduct of proceedings.
655.75 Decision and order of administrative law judge.
655.76 Appeal of administrative law judge decision.
655.80 Notice to ETA and DHS.
Subpart A--Labor Certification Process and Enforcement of
Attestations for Temporary Employment in Occupations Other Than
Agriculture or Registered Nursing in the United States (H-2B
Workers)
Sec. 655.1 Purpose and scope of subpart A.
(a) Before granting the petition of an employer to import
nonimmigrant workers on H-2B visas for temporary nonagricultural
employment in the United States (U.S.), the Secretary of Homeland
Security is required to consult with appropriate agencies regarding the
availability of U.S. workers. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
(INA), as amended, sections 101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b) and 214(c)(1), 8
U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b) and 1184(c)(1).
(b) Regulations of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for
the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) at 8 CFR
214.2(h)(6) require that the petitioning H-2B employer attach to its
visa petition a determination from the Secretary of Labor (Secretary)
that:
(1) There are not sufficient U.S. workers available who are capable
of performing the temporary services or labor at the time of
application for a visa and admission into the U.S. and at the place
where the foreign worker is to perform the work; and
(2) The employment of the foreign worker will not adversely affect
the wages and working conditions of U.S. workers similarly employed.
(c)(1) The regulations under this subpart set forth the procedures
through which employers may apply for H-2B labor certifications, how
such applications are considered and how they are granted or denied.
This subpart sets forth the procedures governing the labor
certification process for the temporary employment of nonimmigrant
foreign workers in the U.S. in occupations other than agriculture and
registered nursing.
(2) Certain investigatory, inspection, and law enforcement
functions to assure compliance with the terms and conditions of
employment under the H-2B program have been delegated by the Secretary
of DHS to the Secretary of Labor and re-delegated to the Employment
Standards Administration (ESA) Wage and Hour Division (WHD). This
subpart sets forth the Wage and Hour Division's investigation and
enforcement actions.
Sec. 655.2 Territory of Guam.
Subpart A of this part does not apply to temporary employment in
the Territory of Guam, and the Department of Labor (Department or DOL)
does not certify to the USCIS of DHS the temporary employment of
nonimmigrant foreign workers under H-2B visas in the Territory of Guam.
Pursuant to DHS regulations, that function is performed by the Governor
of Guam, or the Governor's designated representative.
Sec. 655.3 Special procedures.
(a) Systematic process. This subpart provides systematic and
accessible procedures for the processing of applications from employers
for the certification of non-agricultural employment of nonimmigrant
workers on a temporary basis, usually in relation to certain classes of
occupations within an industry.
(b) Establishment of special procedures. To provide for a limited
degree of flexibility in carrying out the Secretary's responsibilities
under the INA, while not deviating from statutory requirements to
determine U.S. worker availability and make a determination as to
adverse effect, the Administrator of the Office of Foreign Labor
Certification (OFLC) has the authority to establish or to revise
special procedures in the form of variances for processing certain H-2B
applications when employers can demonstrate upon written application to
and consultation with the OFLC Administrator that special procedures
are necessary. Special procedures have been used to augment the filing
of applications for H-2B foreign workers, for example, in certain tree
planting and related reforestation activities, in professional
athletics, for boilermakers coming to the U.S. on an emergency basis,
and professional entertainers. Prior to making determinations under
this section, the OFLC Administrator may consult with employer
representatives and worker representatives.
(c) Construction. This section shall be construed to permit the
OFLC Administrator, where the OFLC Administrator deems appropriate, to
devise, continue, revise, or revoke special procedures where
circumstances warrant. These include procedures previously in effect
for the handling of applications for tree planting and related
reforestation activities, sports and professional entertainment, cross-
border freight rail transportation in northern New England, in small
U.S. exclaves, and other programs.
Sec. 655.4 Definitions of terms used in this subpart.
For the purposes of this subpart:
Act means the Immigration and Nationality Act or INA, as amended, 8
U.S.C. 1101 et. seq.
Administrator, Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC) means
the primary official of the Office of Foreign Labor Certification, or
the Administrator's designee.
Agent means a legal entity or person which is authorized to act on
behalf of the employer for temporary agricultural labor certification
purposes, and is not itself an employer as defined in this subpart. The
term ``agent'' specifically excludes associations or other
organizations of employers.
Applicant means a U.S. worker who is applying for a job opportunity
for which an employer has filed an
[[Page 29961]]
Application for Temporary Employment Certification (Form ETA 9142).
Application for Temporary Employment Certification means the form
submitted by an employer to secure a temporary non-agricultural labor
certification determination from DOL.
Area of intended employment means the geographic area within normal
commuting distance of the place (worksite address) of intended
employment of the job opportunity for which the certification is
sought. There is no rigid measure of distance which constitutes a
normal commuting distance or normal commuting area, because there may
be widely varying factual circumstances among different areas (e.g.,
average commuting times, barriers to reaching the worksite, quality of
regional transportation network, etc.). If the place of intended
employment is within a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), including a
multistate MSA, any place within the MSA is deemed to be within normal
commuting distance of the place of intended employment. The borders of
MSAs are not controlling in the identification of the normal commuting
area; a location outside of an MSA may be within normal commuting
distance of a location that is inside (e.g., near the border of) the
MSA.
Attorney means any person who is a member in good standing of the
bar of the highest court of any State, possession, territory, or
commonwealth of the U.S., or the District of Columbia, and who is not
under suspension or disbarment from practice before any court or before
DHS or the U.S. Department of Justice's Executive Office for
Immigration Review. Such a person is permitted to act as an attorney or
representative for an employer under this part; however, an attorney
who acts as a representative must do so only in accordance with the
definition of ``representative'' in this section.
Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA or Board) means
the permanent Board established by Part 656 of this chapter, chaired by
the Chief Administrative Law Judge, and consisting of Administrative
Law Judges assigned to the Department and designated by the Chief
Administrative Law Judge to be members of BALCA. The Board is located
in Washington, DC, and reviews and decides appeals in Washington, DC.
Center Director means a DOL official to whom the Administrator has
delegated his authority for purposes of National Processing Center
(NPC) operations and functions.
Certifying Officer (CO) means the person designated by the
Administrator, OFLC with making programmatic determinations on
employer-filed applications under the H-2B Program.
Date of need means the first date the employer requires services of
the H-2B workers.
Employ means to suffer or permit to work.
Employee means employee as defined under the general common law.
Some of the factors relevant to the determination of employee status
include: the hiring party's right to control the manner and means by
which the work is accomplished; the skill required; the source of the
instrumentalities and tools for accomplishing the work; the location of
the work; the hiring party's discretion over when and how long to work;
and whether the work is part of the regular business of the hiring
party. Other applicable factors should be considered and no one factor
is dispositive.
Employer means
(1) A person, firm, corporation or other association or
organization:
(i) Which has a physical location within the U.S. to which U.S.
workers may be referred for employment;
(ii) Which has an employer relationship with respect to employees
employed pursuant to the part as indicated by the fact that it may
hire, pay, fire, supervise or otherwise control the work of any such
employee; and
(iii) Which possesses a valid Federal Employer Identification
Number (FEIN).
(2) Where two or more employers each have the definitional indicia
of employment with respect to an employee, those employers shall be
considered to jointly employ that employee.
(3) Persons who are temporarily in the U.S., including but not
limited to, foreign diplomats, intra-company transferees, students, and
exchange visitors, visitors for business or pleasure, and
representatives of foreign information media can not be employers for
the purpose of obtaining a labor certification.
Employment and Training Administration or ETA means the agency
within the Department which includes the OFLC and has been delegated
authority by the Secretary to fulfill the Secretary's mandate under the
Act.
ETA National Processing Center (NPC) means a National Processing
Center established under the OFLC for the processing of applications
submitted in connection with the Department's mandate pursuant to the
INA.
Full time, for purposes of temporary labor certification
employment, means 35 or more hours per week, except where a State or an
established practice in an industry has developed a definition of full-
time employment for any occupation that is less than 35 hours per week,
that definition shall have precedence.
Job Contractor means a person, association, firm, or a corporation
that meets the definition of an employer and who contracts services or
labor on a temporary basis to one or more employers unaffiliated with
the job contractor as part of signed work contracts or labor services
agreements. A job contractor may be responsible for hiring, paying, and
firing the foreign worker but then places that worker with one or more
unaffiliated employers.
Job opportunity means one or more job openings with the petitioning
employer for temporary employment at a place in the U.S. to which U.S.
workers can be referred. Job opportunities consisting solely of job
duties that will be performed totally outside the U.S., its
territories, possessions, or commonwealths cannot be the subject of an
Application for Temporary Employment Certification.
Layoff means any involuntary separation of one or more U.S.
employees without cause or prejudice.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) means those geographic entities
defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for use by
Federal statistical agencies in collecting, tabulating, and publishing
Federal statistics. A metro area contains a core urban area of 50,000
or more population, and a micro area contains an urban core of at least
10,000 (but less than 50,000) population. Each metro or micro area
consists of one or more counties and includes the counties containing
the core urban area, as well as any adjacent counties that have a high
degree of social and economic integration (as measured by commuting to
work) with the urban core.
Offered wage means the highest of the prevailing wage, Federal
minimum wage, the State minimum wage, and local minimum wage.
Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC) means the
organizational component within ETA that provides national leadership
and policy guidance and develops regulations and procedures by which it
carries out the responsibilities of the Secretary under the INA, as
amended, concerning foreign workers seeking admission to the U.S. in
order to work under section 101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b) of the INA, as
amended.
Occupational Employment Statistics Survey (OES) means that program
under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) that
provides annual
[[Page 29962]]
wage estimates for occupations at the state and MSA levels.
Prevailing Wage Determination (PWD) means the prevailing wage for
the position that is the subject of the Application for Temporary
Employment Certification.
Professional Athlete shall have the meaning ascribed to it in INA
section 212(a)(5)(A)(iii)(II), which defines ``professional athlete''
as an individual who is employed as an athlete by--
(1) A team that is a member of an association of six or more
professional sports teams whose total combined revenues exceed
$10,000,000 per year, if the association governs the conduct of its
members and regulates the contests and exhibitions in which its member
teams regularly engage; or
(2) Any minor league team that is affiliated with such an
association.
Representative means the official employed by or authorized to act
on behalf of the employer with respect to the recruitment activities
entered into for and attestations made with respect to the Application
for Temporary Employment Certification. In the case of an attorney who
acts as the employer's representative and who interviews and/or
considers U.S. workers for the job offered to the foreign worker, such
individual must be the person who normally interviews or considers, on
behalf of the employer, applicants for job opportunities such as that
offered in the application, but which do not involve labor
certifications.
Secretary means the Secretary of Labor, the chief official of the
U.S. Department of Labor (Department or DOL), or the Secretary's
designee.
Secretary of Homeland Security means the chief official of the
Department of Homeland Security or the Secretary of Homeland Security's
designee.
Secretary of State means the chief official of the U.S. Department
of State (DOS) or the Secretary of State's designee.
State Workforce Agency (SWA), formerly known as State Employment
Security Agency, means the State government agency that receives funds
pursuant to the Wagner-Peyser Act to administer the public labor
exchange delivered through the State's one-stop delivery system in
accordance with the Wagner-Peyser Act. 29 U.S.C. 49 et. seq.
United States, when used in a geographic sense, means the
continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the
Virgin Islands of the United States.
United States worker means any worker who is:
(1) A U.S. citizen;
(2) A U.S. national;
(3) Lawfully admitted for permanent residence;
(4) Granted the status of an foreign worker lawfully admitted for
temporary residence under 8 U.S.C. 1160(a) or 1255a(a)(1);
(5) Admitted as a refugee under 8 U.S.C. 1157; or
(6) Granted asylum under 8 U.S.C. 1158.
Sec. 655.5 [Reserved]
Sec. 655.6 Temporary need.
(a) To utilize the H-2B Program, the employer's need for non-
agricultural services or labor described in an Application for
Temporary Employment Certification must be temporary. Temporary
employment is full-time employment that is not permanent in nature. A
job opportunity is considered temporary under this subpart if the
employer's need for the duties to be performed is temporary, regardless
of whether the underlying job is permanent or temporary.
(b) The temporary need must be justified to the Secretary under one
of the following standards:
(1) One-Time Occurrence. The employer must establish that either it
has not employed workers to perform the services or labor in the past
and that it will not need workers to perform the services or labor in
the future, or it has an employment situation that is otherwise
permanent, but a temporary event of less than 3 years in duration has
created the need for a temporary worker(s);
(2) Seasonal Need. The employer must establish that the services or
labor is traditionally tied to a season of the year by an event or
pattern and is of a recurring nature. The employment is not seasonal if
the period during which the services or labor is not needed is
unpredictable or subject to change or is considered a vacation period
for the petitioner's permanent employees;
(3) Peakload Need. The employer must establish that it regularly
employs permanent workers to perform the services or labor at the place
of employment and that it needs to supplement its permanent staff at
the place of employment on a temporary basis due to a seasonal or
short-term demand, and the temporary additions to staff will not become
a part of the petitioner's regular operation; or
(4) Intermittent Need. The employer must establish that it has not
employed permanent or full-time workers to perform the services or
labor, but occasionally or intermittently needs temporary workers to
perform services or labor for short periods.
(c) Except in the case of a One-Time Occurrence, an employer's need
cannot exceed 10 months.
(d) The temporary nature of the work or services to be performed in
applications filed by job contractors will be determined by examining
the job contractor's own need for the services or labor to be
performed, rather than the needs of each individual employer with whom
the job contractor has agreed to provide workers as part of a signed
work contract or labor services agreement.
(e) The employer filing the application must maintain documentation
evidencing the temporary need and be prepared to submit this
documentation in response to a Request for Further Information (RFI)
from the CO prior to rendering a Final Determination or in the event of
an audit examination. The documentation required in this section to be
retained by the employer must be retained for a period of no less than
5 years from the date of the certification or, if such application was
denied or the Department could not make a determination, no less than 5
years from the date of notification from the Department of such denial
or no finding.
Sec. Sec. 655.7-655.9 [Reserved]
Sec. 655.10 Determination of prevailing wage for temporary labor
certification purposes.
(a) Application process. (1) The employer must request a prevailing
wage determination from the Chicago NPC before commencing any
recruitment under this part.
(2) The employer must obtain a prevailing wage determination that
is valid either on the date recruitment begins or the date of filing
the Application for Temporary Employment Certification with the
Department.
(3) The employer must offer and advertise the position to all
potential workers at a wage at least equal to the prevailing wage
obtained from the NPC.
(b) Determinations. The Chicago NPC shall determine the prevailing
wage as follows:
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, if the job
opportunity is covered by a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) that
was negotiated at arms' length between the union and the employer, the
wage rate set forth in the CBA is considered as not adversely affecting
the wages of U.S. workers, that is, it is considered the ``prevailing
wage'' for labor certification purposes.
(2) If the job opportunity is not covered by a CBA, the prevailing
wage for labor certification purposes shall be the arithmetic mean,
except as provided
[[Page 29963]]
in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, of the wages of workers similarly
employed at the skill level in the area of intended employment. The
wage component of the DOL Occupational Employment Statistics Survey
(OES) shall be used to determine the arithmetic mean, unless the
employer provides an acceptable survey under paragraph (f) of this
section. The wage shall be determined in accordance with section 212(t)
of the INA.
(3) If the job opportunity involves multiple worksites within an
area of intended employment and different prevailing wage rates exist,
i.e. multiple MSAs, the Chicago NPC will determine the prevailing wage
based on the highest wage among all applicable MSAs.
(4) If the employer provides a survey acceptable under paragraph
(f) of this section that provides a median but does not provide an
arithmetic mean, the prevailing wage applicable to the employer's job
opportunity shall be the median of the wages of U.S. workers similarly
employed in the area of intended employment.
(5) The employer may utilize a current wage determination in the
area determined under the Davis-Bacon Act, 40 U.S.C. 276a et seq., 29
CFR part 1, or the McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act, 41 U.S.C. 351
et seq.
(6) The Chicago NPC must enter its wage determination on the form
it uses for these purposes, indicate the source, and return the form
with its endorsement to the employer. The employer must offer this wage
(or higher) to both its U.S. and H-2B workers.
(c) Similarly employed. For purposes of this section, similarly
employed means having substantially comparable jobs in the occupational
category in the area of intended employment, except that, if a
representative sample of workers in the occupational category cannot be
obtained in the area of intended employment, similarly employed means:
(1) Having jobs requiring a substantially similar level of skills
within the area of intended employment; or
(2) If there are no substantially comparable jobs in the area of
intended employment, having substantially comparable jobs with
employers outside of the area of intended employment.
(d) Validity period. The Chicago NPC must specify the validity
period of the prevailing wage, which in no event may be more than 1
year and no less than 3 months from the determination date.
(e) Professional athletes. In computing the prevailing wage for a
professional athlete (defined in section 212(a)(5)(A)(iii)(II) of the
INA) when the job opportunity is covered by professional sports league
rules or regulations, the wage set forth in those rules or regulations
is considered the prevailing wage (see section 212(p)(2) of the INA).
(f) Employer-provided wage information. (1) If the job opportunity
is not covered by a CBA, or by a professional sports league's rules or
regulations, the Chicago NPC will consider wage information provided by
the employer in making a PWD. An employer survey can be submitted
either initially or after NPC issuance of a PWD derived from the OES
survey.
(2) In each case where the employer submits a survey or other wage
data for which it seeks acceptance, the employer must provide the
Chicago NPC with enough information about the survey methodology,
including such items as sample size and source, sample selection
procedures, and survey job descriptions, to allow the Chicago NPC to
make a determination about the adequacy of the data provided and
validity of the statistical methodology used in conducting the survey
in accordance with guidance issued by the ETA OFLC national office.
(3) The survey submitted to the Chicago NPC must be based upon
recently collected data:
(i) The published survey must have been published within 24 months
of the date of submission to the Chicago NPC, must be the most current
edition of the survey, and the data upon which the survey is based must
have been collected within 24 months of the publication date of the
survey.
(ii) A survey conducted by the employer must be based on data
collected within 24 months of the date it is submitted to the Chicago
NPC.
(4) If the employer-provided survey is found not to be acceptable,
the Chicago NPC must inform the employer in writing of the reasons the
survey was not accepted.
(5) The employer, after receiving notification that the survey it
provided for the Chicago NPC's consideration is not acceptable, may
file supplemental information as provided in paragraph (g) of this
section, file a new request for a PWD, appeal under Sec. 655.11, or,
if the initial PWD was requested prior to submission of the employer
survey, acquiesce to the initial PWD.
(g) Submission of supplemental information by employer. (1) If the
employer disagrees with the skill level assigned to its job
opportunity, or if the Chicago NPC informs the employer its survey is
not acceptable, or if there are other legitimate bases for such a
review, the employer may submit supplemental information to the Chicago
NPC.
(2) The Chicago NPC must consider one supplemental submission about
the employer's survey or the skill level assigned to the job
opportunity or any other legitimate basis for the employer to request
such a review. If the Chicago NPC does not accept the employer's survey
after considering the supplemental information, or affirms its
determination concerning the skill level, it must inform the employer
of the reasons for its decision.
(3) The employer may then apply for a new wage determination,
appeal under Sec. 655.11, or acquiesce to the initial PWD provided if
one was requested prior to submission of the employer survey.
(h) Wage cannot be lower than required by any other law. No PWD for
labor certification purposes made under this section permits an
employer to pay a wage lower than the highest wage required by any
applicable Federal, State, or local law.
(i) Retention of Documentation. The PWD shall be retained by the
employer for 5 years and submitted to a CO in the event it is requested
in the course of an RFI or an audit or a Wage and Hour representative
in the event of a Wage and Hour investigation.
Sec. 655.11 Certifying officer review of prevailing wage
determinations.
(a) Review of NPC prevailing wage determinations. Any employer
desiring review of a Chicago NPC PWD must make a request for such
review within 10 days of the date from when the PWD was issued. The
request for review must be sent (postmarked) to the Chicago NPC no
later than 10 days after determination, which begins with the date of
issuance listed on the PWD; clearly identify the PWD for which review
is sought; set forth the particular grounds for the request; and
include all the materials pertaining to the PWD submitted to the
Chicago NPC up to the date that the PWD was issued.
(b) Transmission of request to processing center. Upon the receipt
of a request for review, the Chicago NPC prevailing wage unit must
review the employer's request and accompanying documentation, and add
any supplementary material submitted by the employer, including any
material sent to the employer up to the date the PWD was issued
(c) Designations. The Director of the Chicago NPC will determine
which CO will review the employer's request for review.
(d) Review on the record. The CO shall review the PWD solely on the
basis
[[Page 29964]]
upon which the PWD was made and after review may:
(1) Affirm the PWD issued by the Chicago NPC; or
(2) Modify the PWD.
(e) Request for review by BALCA. Any employer desiring review of a
Certifying Officer PWD must make a request for review of the
determination by BALCA within 30 days of the date of the decision of
the CO. The CO must receive the request for BALCA review no later than
the 30th day after its final determination including the date of the
final determination.
(1) The request for review, statements, briefs, and other
submissions of the parties and amicus curiae must contain only legal
arguments and only such evidence that was within the record upon which
the affirmation of the PWD by the Chicago NPC was based.
(2) The request for review must be in writing and addressed to the
CO who made the determination. Upon receipt of a request for a review,
the CO must immediately assemble an indexed appeal file in reverse
chronological order, with the index on top followed by the most recent
document.
(3) The CO must send the Appeal File to the Office of
Administrative Law Judges, Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals,
800 K Street, NW., Suite 400-N, Washington, DC 20001-8002.
(4) The BALCA shall handle appeals in accordance with Sec. 655.31
of this part.
Sec. Sec. 655.12-655.14 [Reserved]
Sec. 655.15 Required Pre-filing Recruitment.
(a) Time of Filing of Application. An employer may not file an
Application for Temporary Employment Certification before all of the
pre-filing recruitment steps set forth in this section have been fully
satisfied. The employer must conduct all required recruitment no more
than 120 days before the date of its need for foreign workers.
(b) General Attestation Obligation. An employer must document
recruitment efforts, must provide evidence of these efforts on the
application form, and must attest to performing all necessary steps of
the recruitment process as specified in this section and having
rejected any eligible U.S. workers who have applied only for lawful
reasons.
(c) Retention of documentation. The employer filing the Application
for Temporary Employment Certification must maintain documentation of
its advertising and recruitment efforts as required in this subpart and
be prepared to submit this documentation in response to a RFI from the
CO prior to rendering a Final Determination or in the event of an audit
examination. The documentation required in this section to be retained
by the employer must be retained for a period of no less than 5 years
from the date of the certification or, if such application was denied
no less than 5 years from the date of notification from the Department
of such denial.
(d) Recruitment Steps. (1) An employer filing an application must:
(i) Post a job order with the SWA; and
(ii) Run three print advertisements on three separate days, except
as indicated in paragraph (f)(4) (one of which must be on a Sunday,
except as outlined in paragraph (f)(4)).
(iii) The start date of advertising for the steps outlined in (1)
and (2) must be no more than 120 days before the date of need.
(2) The use of union organizations as a recruitment source is also
required, in addition to the mandatory recruitment steps, if it is
appropriate for the occupation and customary to the industry and area
of intended employment.
(e) SWA Posting. (1) The employer shall place an active job order
with the SWA serving the area of intended employment for a period of no
less than 10 days. The job order cannot be placed more than 120 days
before the date of need. Documentation of this step shall be satisfied
by maintaining a copy of the SWA job order downloaded from the SWA
Internet job listing site, a copy of the job order provided by the SWA,
or other proof of publication from the SWA containing the text of the
job order and the start and end dates of posting. If the job
opportunity contains multiple work locations within the same area of
intended employment and the area of intended employment is found in
more than one State, the employer shall place a job order with the SWA
having jurisdiction over the place where the work is contemplated to
begin. Upon placing a job order, the SWA receiving the job offer under
this paragraph shall promptly transmit, on behalf of the employer, a
copy of its active job order to all States listed in the application as
anticipated worksites.
(2) The job order contents submitted by the employer to the SWA
must satisfy all the requirements for newspaper advertisements
contained in Sec. 655.17(a). In the job order, the SWA shall disclose
that only eligible workers shall be referred and list the name of the
employer and location(s) of work with as much geographic specificity as
possible to apprise U.S. workers of where the work will be performed
and any travel requirements.
(3) SWAs shall refer for employment only those individuals whom
they have verified are employment-eligible U.S. workers.
(f) Newspaper Advertisements.
(1) Within the same period of time the job order is actively posted
by the SWA serving the area of intended employment, the employer shall
place an advertisement on three separate days, which may be
consecutive, one of which is to be a Sunday advertisement (except as
provided in paragraph (g)(2) of this section), in a newspaper of
general circulation serving the area of intended employment, which may
be a daily local newspaper, that the employer believes in good faith is
most appropriate to the occupation and the workers likely to apply for
the job opportunity and most likely to bring responses from able,
available, and qualified U.S. workers. The first newspaper
advertisement must be printed no more than 120 days before the date of
need.
(2) If the job opportunity is located in a rural area that does not
have a newspaper with a Sunday edition, the employer shall use, in
place of a Sunday edition advertisement, the regularly published
edition with the widest circulation in the area of intended employment.
(3) The newspaper advertisements must satisfy the requirements
under Sec. 655.17(a) of this part. Documentation of this step shall be
satisfied by maintaining copies of newspaper pages (with date of
publication and full copy of ad), tear sheets of the pages of the
publication in which the advertisements appeared, or other proof of
publication containing the text of the printed advertisements furnished
by the newspaper for each day in which the advertisement appeared.
(4) If the employer believes in good faith that the use of a
professional, trade or ethnic publication is more appropriate to the
occupation and the workers likely to apply for the job opportunity than
the use of a general circulation newspaper and is the most likely
source to bring responses from able, willing, qualified, and available
U.S. workers, the employer may use a professional, trade or ethnic
publication in place of two of the newspaper advertisements, but shall
not replace the Sunday advertisement, or the substitute outlined in
(f)(1), as appropriate.
(g) Labor Organizations. Within the same period of time the job
order is actively posted by the SWA serving the area of intended
employment and where the position typically or traditionally is
represented by organized labor (union) in the area of intended
employment, the
[[Page 29965]]
required union contact can be documented by providing copies of pages
from newsletters or trade journals in which the job opportunity
appeared or copies of official correspondence signed and dated by the
employer demonstrating such organizations were contacted and either
unable to refer a qualified U.S. worker or non-responsive to the
employer's request.
(h) Layoff. If there has been a layoff of U.S. workers by the
importing employer in the occupation in the area of intended employment
within 120 days of the first date on which a foreign worker is needed
as indicated on the submitted Application for Temporary Employment
Certification and throughout the entire employment of the H-2B
worker(s), the employer must document it has notified and considered,
or will notify and consider, each laid-off worker of the job
opportunity involved in the application and the result of the
notification and consideration.
(i) Recruitment Report. No earlier than 2 calendar days after the
last date on which the job order was posted and no earlier than 5
calendar days after the date on which the last newspaper or journal
advertisement appeared, the employer must prepare, sign, and date a
written recruitment report. The employer may not submit the application
until the recruitment report is completed. The recruitment report must
be submitted to the Department with the application. The employer must
retain a copy of the recruitment report for a period of no les than 5
years and must provide that copy to the Department upon request. The CO
may share the recruitment report with the Office of Special Counsel for
Immigration-related Unfair Employment Practices of the Department of
Justice Civil Rights Division, if there is any reason to believe that
the employer has deterred eligible U.S. workers to apply for the
position filled by an H-2B worker, or discriminated against the
eligible U.S. worker in the hiring process. The recruitment report
must:
(1) Identify each recruitment source (place where advertisement
appeared) by name;
(2) State the name and contact information of each U.S. worker who
applied or was referred to the job opportunity up to the date of the
preparation of the recruitment report for consideration by the
employer, and the disposition of each U.S. worker who applied or was
referred to the job opportunity;
(3) If applicable, explain the lawful job-related reason(s) for not
hiring each U.S. worker.
(4) The employer shall retain resumes of and evidence of contact
with each U.S. worker who applied or was referred to the job
opportunity. Such documentation may be required in response to an RFI
from the CO prior to rendering a Final Determination or in the event of
an audit or a Wage and Hour investigation.
Sec. 655.17 Advertising requirements.
All advertising conducted to satisfy the required recruitment steps
under Sec. 655.15 before filing the Application for Temporary
Employment Certification must:
(a) Identify the employer's name and appropriate contact
information for applicants to report or send resumes directly to the
employer;
(b) Indicate the geographic area of employment with enough
specificity to apprise applicants of any travel requirements or whether
transportation to work will be provided in order to perform the
services or labor;
(c) Describe the job opportunity (including the job duties and
responsibilities) with particularity to apprise U.S. workers of
services or labor to be performed for which certification is sought and
which do not exceed the duties listed on the Application for Temporary
Employment Certification;
(d) State the employer's minimum education and experience
requirements and whether or not on-the-job training will be available;
(e) State the work hours and days, and the start and end dates of
employment as listed on the Application for Temporary Employment
Certification and indicate whether or not overtime and/or benefits will
be available;
(f) Offer a rate of pay that is no less than the prevailing wage,
the Federal minimum wage, State minimum wage, or local minimum wage
applicable throughout the duration of the certified employment;
(g) Indicate that the position is temporary and the total number of
job openings the employer intends to fill as listed on the Application
for Temporary Employment Certification;
(h) Contain benefits, terms and conditions of employment which are
not less favorable than those offered to the foreign worker(s); and
(i) Contain no unduly restrictive job requirements.
Sec. Sec. 655.18-655.19 [Reserved]
Sec. 655.20 Applications for temporary employment certification.
(a) An employer who desires to apply for certification of temporary
employment of one or more nonimmigrant foreign workers may file a
completed Application for Temporary Employment Certification form and
send it by U.S. Mail or private mail courier to the Chicago NPC. The
Department shall publish a Notice in the Federal Register identifying
the address, and any future address changes, to which paper
applications must be mailed, and shall also post these addresses on the
DOL Internet Web site at http://www.foreignlaborcert.doleta.gov/. The
form must bear the original signature of the employer (and that of the
employer's authorized agent or representative) at the time it is
submitted.
(b) Except where otherwise permitted under Sec. 655.3, an
association or other organization of employers is not permitted to file
master applications on behalf of its membership under the H-2B Program.
(c) More than one foreign worker may be requested on the
application as long as all foreign workers will perform the same
services or labor on the same terms and conditions, in the same
occupation, in the same area of intended employment, and during the
same period of employment. In circumstances where the job opportunity
requires the services or labor to be performed at multiple work
locations, the employer must include the names, physical addresses and
appropriate periods of employment of each work location on the
Application for Temporary Employment Certification.
(d) Except where otherwise permitted under Sec. 655.3, only one
Application may be filed for worksite(s) within one area of intended
employment for each job opportunity.
Sec. 655.21 Supporting evidence for temporary need.
(a) Each Application for Temporary Employment Certification must
include attestations regarding temporary need in the appropriate
section of the Application for Temporary Employment Certification. The
employer must include a detailed statement of temporary need, which
must contain the following:
(1) A description of the employer's business history and activities
(i.e., primary products or services) and schedule of operations
throughout the year;
(2) An explanation regarding why the nature of the employer's job
opportunity and number of foreign workers being requested for
certification reflect a temporary need; and
(3) An explanation regarding how the request for temporary labor
certification meets one of the standards of a one-time occurrence,
seasonal, peakload, or
[[Page 29966]]
intermittent need defined under Sec. 655.6(b).
(b) Supplemental information request. In circumstances where the CO
requests supplemental information through an RFI under Sec. 655.23(c)
to support a Final Determination, or notifies the employer that its
application is to be audited under Sec. 655.24, the employer must
furnish the requested supplemental information or required supporting
documentation. Such documentation becomes part of the record of the
application.
(c) Retention of documentation. The documentation required in this
section and any other supporting evidence justifying the temporary need
required to be retained by the employer filing the Application for
Temporary Employment Certification must be retained for a period of no
less than 5 years from the date of the certification or, if such
application was denied, the date of notification from the Department of
such denial.
Sec. 655.22 Obligations of H-2B employers.
An employer seeking to employ H-2B foreign workers shall attest to
the following:
(a) There are no U.S. workers available in the areas of intended
employment capable of performing the temporary services or labor in the
job opportunity.
(b) It is offering terms and working conditions normal to workers
similarly employed in the area of intended employment and which are not
less favorable than those offered to the foreign worker(s), and that it
is offering a job that contains no unduly restrictive job requirements.
(c) There is not, at the time the labor certification application
is filed, a strike, lockout, or work stoppage in the course of a labor
dispute in the occupational classification at the place of employment.
(d) The job opportunity is clearly open to any U.S. worker and that
it conducted the required recruitment prior to filing the labor
certification application and was unsuccessful in locating qualified
U.S. applicants for the job opportunity for which certification is
sought and has rejected any U.S. worker applicants only for lawful,
job-related reasons.
(e) During the entire period of employment that is the subject of
the labor certification application, it will comply with all Federal,
State or local laws applicable to the employment opportunity.
(f) Upon the separation from employment of any H-2B worker(s)
employed under the labor certification application, if such separation
occurs prior to the end date of the employment specified in the
application, the employer will notify the Department and DHS in writing
of the separation from employment not later than 48 hours after such
separation is effective.
(g) The offered wage equals or exceeds the highest of the
prevailing wage, the applicable Federal minimum wage, the State minimum
wage, and local minimum wage and the employer will pay the offered wage
to the foreign worker(s) during the entire time the foreign worker is
employed under the labor certification application. Failure to pay the
offered wage will be considered a willful failure to comply with the
requirements of the labor certification application and a deviation
from the terms and conditions of the certification.
(h) The offered wage is not based on commissions, bonuses or other
incentives, unless the employer guarantees a wage paid on a weekly, bi-
weekly, or monthly basis that equals or exceeds the prevailing wage.
For purposes of this provision, the offered wage shall be held to
exclude any deductions for reimbursement of the employer or any third
party by the employee for expenses in connection with obtaining or
maintaining the H-2B employment including but not limited to
international recruitment, legal fees not otherwise prohibited by this
section, visa fees, items such as tools of the trade, and other items
not expressly permitted by law.
(i) The job opportunity is open to all qualified individuals
regardless of race, creed, color, national origin, age, sex, religion,
handicap, or citizenship.
(j) The job opportunity is a bona fide, full-time temporary
position.
(k) The employer has not laid off and will not lay off any
similarly employed U.S. worker(s) in the occupation that is the subject
of the application in the area of intended employment within the period
beginning 120 days before the date of requested need of the first H-2B
worker(s) and throughout the entire employment of the H-2B worker(s),
except that such layoff shall be permitted where the employer also
attests that it offered the opportunity to the laid-off U.S. worker(s)
and said U.S. worker(s) either refused the job opportunity or were
rejected for the job opportunity for lawful, job-related reasons.
(l) The employer has not sought or received payment of any kind for
any activity related to obtaining the labor certification, including
payment of the employer's attorneys' fees, whether as an incentive or
inducement to filing, or as a reimbursement for costs incurred in
recruiting the foreign worker or in preparing or filing the
application, from the employee or any other party. For purposes of this
paragraph (l), payment includes, but is not limited to, monetary
payments, wage concessions (including deductions from wages, salary, or
benefits), kickbacks, bribes, tributes, in kind payments, and free
labor.
(m) If the employer is a job contractor, it will not place any H-2B
workers employed pursuant to the labor certification application with
any other employer or at another employer's worksite unless:
(1) The employer applicant first makes a bona fide inquiry as to
whether the other employer has displaced or intends to displace a
similarly employed U.S. worker within the area of intended employment
within the period beginning 120 days before and throughout the entire
placement of the H-2B worker, the other employer provides written
confirmation that it has not so displaced and does not intend to
displace such U.S. workers, and
(2) the worksite is listed on the certified Application for
Temporary Employment Certification.
(n) It will not place any H-2B workers employed pursuant to this
application outside the area of intended employment listed on the
Application for Temporary Employment Certification unless the employer
has obtained a new temporary labor certification from the Department.
(o) It will inform foreign workers of the requirement that they
leave the U.S. at the end of the period certified by the Department or
separation from the employer, whichever is earlier, as required in
Sec. 655.35 and that if dismissed by the employer prior to the end of
the period, the employer is liable for return transportation.
(p) The dates of temporary need, reason for temporary need, and
number of workers needed have been truly and accurately stated on the
application.
Sec. 655.23 Receipt and processing of applications.
(a) Filing Date. Applications received by U.S. Mail shall be
considered filed when determined by the Chicago NPC to be complete.
Incomplete applications shall not be accepted for processing or
assigned a receipt date, but shall be returned to the employer or the
employer's representative as incomplete.
(b) Processing. (1) The CO will review applications for
completeness and for compliance with the requirements of the program.
[[Page 29967]]
(2) Each Application for Temporary Employment Certification shall
be screened and will be certified or denied.
(c) Request for Further Information. (1) Upon review of the
application, if the CO determines that the application appears
ineligible for temporary labor certification because the employer's
description of need for the services or labor to be performed is
insufficient or because the employer did not comply with a specific DOL
policy or procedure, the CO must issue an RFI to the employer. The CO
will issue the RFI within 14 days of the receipt of the application.
(2) The RFI must:
(i) Specify the reason(s) why the application is not sufficient to
grant temporary labor certification;
(ii) Indicate the specific DOL policy(ies) with which the employer
does not appear to have complied;
(iii) Specify a date, no later than 14 calendar days from the date
of the written RFI, by which the supplemental information and
documentation must be received by the CO to be considered. Employers
must provide all evidence on which they intend to rely in their
response to the RFI, as their response will be their only opportunity
to submit additional evidence; and
(iv) Advise that, upon receipt of a response to the written RFI, or
expiration of the stated deadline for receipt of the response, the CO
will review the existing application as well as any supplemental
materials submitted by the employer and issue a Final Determination. If
circumstances warrant, the CO may issue one or more additional RFIs
prior to issuing a Final Determination.
(3) The CO should issue the Final Determination or the additional
RFI within 14 days of receipt of the employer's response.
(4) Compliance with an RFI does not guarantee that the employer's
application will be certified after submitting the information. The
employer's documentation must justify its chosen standard of temporary
need or otherwise overcome the stated deficiency in the application.
(d) Failure to comply with an RFI, including not providing
documentation within the specified time period, will result in a denial
of the application. Such failure to comply with an RFI may also result
in a finding by the CO requiring supervised recruitment under Sec.
655.30 in future filings of temporary labor certification applications.
Sec. 655.24 Audits.
(a) The Department may, in its discretion, conduct audits of
temporary labor certification applications, regardless of whether the
Department has issued a certification, denial or non-determination on
the application.
(b) In circumstances where an application is selected for audit,
the CO shall issue an audit letter. The audit letter will:
(1) State the documentation that must be submitted by the employer;
(2) Specify a date, no more than 30 days from the date of the audit
letter, by which the required documentation must be received by the CO;
and
(3) Advise that failure to comply with the audit process, including
providing documentation within the specified time period, may result in
a finding by the CO to (i) requiring the employer to conduct supervised
recruitment under Sec. 655.30 in future filings of H-2B temporary
labor certification applications for a period of up to 2 years, or (ii)
debarring the employer from future filings of H-2B temporary labor
certification applications for a period of up to 3 years.
(c) During the course of the audit examination, the CO may request
supplemental information and/or documentation from the employer to
complete the audit.
(d) If, as a result of the audit or otherwise, the CO determines
the employer failed to produce required documentation, or determines a
material misrepresentation was made with respect to the application, or
if the CO determines the employer failed to adequately conduct
recruitment activities or failed to comply with any obligation required
by this part, the employer may be required to conduct supervised
recruitment under section Sec. 655.30 in future filings of temporary
labor certification applications for up to 2 years; may be subject to
debarment pursuant to Sec. 655.31 or other sanctions; or may be
required to comply with other recruitment or documentation standards in
filing future applications, including but not limited to additional
advertising. The CO will provide the audit report and underlying
documentation to DHS or another appropriate enforcement agency.
Sec. Sec. 655.25-655.29 [Reserved]
Sec. 655.30 Supervised recruitment.
(a) Supervised recruitment. Where an employer is found to have been
in violation of the program requirements in the previous year or years,
or the employer failed to adequately conduct recruitment activities or
failed in any obligation of this part, the CO may require pre-filing
supervised recruitment.
(b) Requirements. Supervised recruitment shall consist of
advertising for the job opportunity in accordance with the required
recruitment steps outlined under Sec. 655.15, except as otherwise
provided below.
(1) The CO will direct where the advertisements are to be placed.
(2) The employer must supply a draft advertisement and job order to
the CO for review and approval no less than 150 days before the date on
which the foreign worker(s) will commence work unless notified by the
CO of the need for Supervised Recruitment less than 150 days before the
date of need, in which case the employer must supply the drafts within
30 days of receipt of such notification.
(3) Each advertisement must comport with the requirements of Sec.
655.17(a).
(c) Timing of advertisement.
(1) The advertisement shall be placed in accordance with guidance
provided by the CO.
(2) The employer will notify the CO when the advertisements are
placed.
(d) Additional recruitment. The CO may require the employer to
contact a union organization as an additional recruitment source if the
CO determines it is appropriate for the occupation and customary in the
industry in the geographical area. The employer will provide proof of
correspondence and mailing by certified mail to the CO in the course of
the supervised recruitment.
(e) Recruitment report. No earlier than 2 days after the last day
of the posting of the job order and no earlier than 5 calendar days
after the date on which the last newspaper or journal advertisement
appeared, the employer must prepare a detailed written report of the
employer's supervised recruitment, signed by the employer as outlined
in Sec. 655.15(i) of this part. The employer must submit the
recruitment report to the CO as outlined in paragraph (f) below and
must retain a copy for a period of no less than 5 years. The
recruitment report must contain a copy of the advertisements placed and
a copy of the job order, including the dates so placed.
(f) The employer shall supply the CO with the required
documentation or information within 30 days of the date of the first
advertisement. If the employer does not do so, the CO may deny any
applications filed by this employer for the remainder of the Federal
Government fiscal year for which the recruitment was being conducted.
The CO shall share the recruitment report with the Office of Special
Counsel for Immigration-related Unfair Employment Practices of the
[[Page 29968]]
Department of Justice Civil Rights Division, if there is any reason to
believe that the employer has deterred eligible U.S. workers to apply
for the position filled by an H-2B worker, or discriminated against the
eligible U.S. worker in the hiring process.
Sec. 655.31 Debarment.
(a) Findings. (1) The Administrator, OFLC will notify the employer
promptly after the discovery of a violation, but in no event later than
5 years from the date of the occurrence of the violation, that the
Department has found it necessary to debar the employer, attorney or
agent for a period of up to 3 years from filing H-2B temporary labor
certification applications if the employer, attorney or agent is found
to have engaged in any of the following:
(i) The willful provision or willful assistance in the provision of
false or inaccurate information in applying for temporary labor
certification;
(ii) A pattern or practice of a failure to comply with the terms of
the Application for Temporary Employment Certification;
(iii) A pattern or practice of failure to comply with the audit
process pursuant to Sec. 655.24;
(iv) A pattern or practice of failure to comply with the supervised
recruitment process pursuant to Sec. 655.30; or
(v) Conduct resulting in a determination by a court, DHS, DOS, or
Department of Justice of fraud or willful misrepresentation involving a
temporary labor certification application or a violation of 8 U.S.C.
1324b.
(2) The Notice of Debarment shall be in writing; shall state the
reason for the debarment finding, including a detailed explanation of
how the employer, attorney or agent has participated in or facilitated
one or more of the actions listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (v)
of this section; shall state the start date and term of the debarment;
and shall offer the employer an opportunity to request review before
the BALCA. The notice shall state that to obtain such a review or
hearing, the employer, within 30 calendar days of the date of the
notice, shall file a written request to the Board of Alien Labor
Certification Appeals, 800 K Street, NW., Suite 400-N, Washington, DC
20001-8002, and simultaneously serve a copy to the Administrator, OFLC.
If such a review is requested, the hearing shall be conducted pursuant
to the procedures set forth in 29 CFR Part 18.
(b) The debarment shall take effect on the start date identified in
the Notice of Debarment unless a request for review is filed within the
time permitted by this subpart. The timely filing of the request for
review will stay the debarment pending the outcome of the review
proceedings before BALCA.
(c) False Statements. To knowingly and willfully furnish any false
information in the preparation of the Application for Temporary
Employment Certification and any supporting documentation, or to aid,
abet, or counsel another to do so, is a Federal offense, punishable by
fine or imprisonment up to 5 years, or both, under 18 U.S.C. 2 and
1001. Other penalties apply as well to fraud or misuse of ETA
immigration documents, including but not limited to Applications for
Temporary Labor Certification, and to perjury with respect to such
documents under 18 U.S.C. 1546 and 1621.
(d) Appeal File. Whenever an employer has requested an
administrative review before the BALCA of a debarment finding, the
Administrator, OFLC, shall:
(1) Assemble an indexed Appeal File; and
(2) Send a copy of the Appeal File to the BALCA.
(e) Final Appeal. The BALCA shall affirm, reverse, or modify the
Administrator, OFLC's determination, and the Board's decision shall be
provided to the employer, the Administrator, OFLC, and the DHS. The
Board's decision shall be the final decision of the DOL.
(f) Inter-Agency Reporting. After completion of the appeal process,
the DOL will inform the DHS and other appropriate enforcement agencies
of the findings.
Sec. 655.32 Labor certification determinations.
(a) The Administrator, OFLC, is the Department's National CO. The
Administrator and the CO(s) in the NPC(s) have the authority to certify
or deny temporary labor certification applications. If the
Administrator has directed that certain types of temporary labor
certification applications or specific applications be handled by the
National OFLC, or another OFLC NPC, the Director(s) of the ETA NPC(s)
shall refer such applications to the Administrator who may then direct
another NPC process the Application.
(b) A CO making a determination shall either grant or deny the
temporary labor certification application on the basis of whether or
not:
(1) The employer has complied with the requirements of this
subpart.
(2) The nature of the employer's need is temporary and justified
based on a one-time occurrence, seasonal, peakload, or intermittent
basis. To determine this, the CO shall take into account, among other
things, the duration of employment as listed on the application, the
statement of temporary need contained therein, and any other
documentation submitted to substantiate the chosen standard of
temporary need, if requested in the course of reviewing the
application.
(3) The job opportunity does not contain duties, requirements or
other conditions that preclude consideration of U.S. workers or
otherwise inhibit their effective recruitment for the temporary job
opportunity. To determine this, the CO shall consider the following
factors as attested to by the employer:
(i) The job opportunity is not vacant because the former
occupant(s) is or are on strike or locked out in the course of a labor
dispute involving a work stoppage or the job is at issue in a labor
dispute involving a work stoppage;
(ii) The job opportunity's terms, conditions, and/or occupational
environment are not contrary to Federal, State, or local law(s);
(iii) The employer has a physical location within the U.S. to which
domestic workers can be referred and hired for employment;
(iv) The employer is paying the wage required by Sec. 655.22(g)
for the job to be performed for the duration of the approved
certification; and
(v) The requirements of the job opportunity are not unduly
restrictive or represent a combination of duties not normal to the
occupation being requested for certification, unless the highest wage
for the jobs being combined is being paid.
(4) There are not one or more U.S. workers who are capable and
available for the temporary job opportunity. The total number of job
openings that are available to U.S. workers must be no less than the
number of openings the employer has listed on the application.
(5) The employment of the foreign worker will not otherwise
adversely affect the wages and working conditions of similarly employed
U.S. workers.
(c) The CO shall notify the employer in writing of the labor
certification determination.
(d) If temporary labor certification is granted, the CO must send
the certified application and a Final Determination letter to the
employer, or, if appropriate, to the employer's agent or attorney,
indicating the employer may file all the documents with the appropriate
USCIS office.
(e) If temporary labor certification is denied, the Final
Determination letter will:
[[Page 29969]]
(1) Detail the reason(s) why certification cannot be made;
(2) If applicable, address the availability of U.S. workers in the
occupation as well as the prevailing wages and working conditions of
similarly employed U.S. workers in the occupation;
(3) Indicate the specific DOL policy(ies) with which the employer
should have, but does not appear to have, complied; and
(4) Advise the employer of the right to appeal the decision or to
file a new application in accordance with specific instructions
provided by the CO.
(f) Partial Certification. The CO may, in his/her discretion, issue
a partial certification, reducing either the period of need or the
number of foreign workers being requested for certification, limiting
the certification to the actual need demonstrated by the employer,
based upon information the CO receives in the course of processing the
temporary labor certification application, an audit, or otherwise.
Sec. 655.33 Administrative review.
(a) Request for review. If a temporary labor certification is
denied, in whole or in part, under Sec. 655.32, the employer may
request review of the denial by the BALCA. The request for review:
(1) Must be sent to the BALCA, with a copy simultaneously sent to
the CO who denied the application, within 10 days of the date of
determination;
(2) Must clearly identify the particular temporary labor
certification determination for which review is sought;
(3) Must set forth the particular grounds for the request;
(4) Must include a copy of the Final Determination; and
(5) May contain only legal argument and such evidence as was
actually submitted to the CO in support of the application.
(b) Upon the receipt of a request for review, the BALCA will issue
a docketing statement to the employer, the CO, and the Associate
Solicitor for Employment and Training Legal Services, Office of the
Solicitor, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC 20210. The
docketing statement will set the briefing schedule for the review
within the following timeframes:
(1) The CO must assemble and submit the Appeal File within 10 days
of receipt of the docketing statement using means to ensure same day or
overnight delivery;
(2) The employer's brief must be filed within 10 days after the day
the Appeal File is submitted;
(3) The CO's brief must be filed within 10 days after the day the
employer's brief is due; and
(4) Reply briefs are not permitted.
(c)(1) The Appeal File must be in chronological order, must have
the index on top followed by the most recent document, and must have
consecutively numbered pages. The Appeal File must contain the request
for review, the complete application file, and copies of all the
written material upon which the denial was based.
(2) The CO must send the Appeal File to the employer and the BALCA,
Office of Administrative Law Judges.
(d) The Chief Administrative Law Judge may designate a single
member or a three member panel of the BALCA to consider a particular
case.
(e) The BALCA must review a denial of temporary labor certification
only on the basis of the Appeal File, the request for review, and any
Statements of Position or legal briefs submitted and must:
(1) Affirm the denial of the temporary labor certification; or
(2) Direct the CO to grant the certification; or
(3) Remand to the CO for further action,
(f) The BALCA should notify the employer, the CO, and the Solicitor
of Labor of its decision within 20 days of the filing of the CO's
brief.
Sec. 655.34 Validity of temporary labor certifications.
(a) Validity Period. A temporary labor certification shall be valid
only for the duration of the job opportunity for which certification is
being requested by the employer. The validity period shall be the
beginning and ending dates of certified employment, as listed on the
application. The beginning date of certified employment cannot be
earlier than the date certification was granted by the CO.
(b) Scope of Validity. A temporary labor certification is valid
only for the number of foreign workers, the area of intended
employment, the specific occupation and duties, the beginning and
ending dates of employment, and the employer specified on the
application.
(c) Amendments to Applications.
(1) Applications may be amended to increase the number of workers
requested in the initial application by not more than 20 percent (50
percent for employers of less than 10 workers) without requiring an
additional recruitment period for U.S. workers. Requests for increases
above the percent prescribed, without additional recruitment, may be
approved by the CO only when the request is submitted in writing, the
need for additional workers could not have been foreseen, and the
services or products will be in jeopardy prior to the expiration of an
additional recruitment period.
(2) Applications may be amended to make minor changes in the period
of employment, as stated in the application, including the job offer,
only when a written request is submitted to the CO and approved in
advance. In considering whether to approve the request, the CO shall
review the reason(s) for the request, determine whether each reason is
justified, and take into account the effect(s) of a decision to approve
on the adequacy of the underlying test of the domestic labor market for
the job opportunity.
(3) Other minor technical amendments to the application, including
the job offer, may be requested if the CO determines the proposed
amendment(s) are justified and will have no significant effect upon the
CO's ability to make the labor certification determination required
under this paragraph.
(4) An employer may not change the date of need without obtaining
written approval of such amendment in accordance with this section.
(5) The CO may change the date of need to reflect an amended date
when delay occurs in the adjudication of the Application, through no
fault of the employer, and a certification would begin after the
initial date of need.
Sec. 655.35 Required departure.
(a) Limit to worker's stay. As defined further in DHS regulations,
a temporary labor certification shall limit the authorized period of
stay for any H-2B worker whose admission is based upon it. 8 CFR
214.2(h). A foreign worker may not remain beyond the validity period of
admission by DHS in H-2B status nor beyond separation from employment,
whichever occurs first, absent any extension or change of such worker's
status pursuant to DHS regulations.
(b) Notice to worker. Upon establishment of a program by DHS for
registration of departure, an employer must notify any H-2B worker
starting work at a job opportunity for which the employer has obtained
labor certification that the H-2B worker, when departing the U.S. by
land at the conclusion of employment as outlined in paragraph (a) of
this section, must register such departure at the place and in the
manner prescribed by DHS.
Sec. 655.50 Enforcement process.
(a) Authority of the WHD Administrator. The Administrator shall
[[Page 29970]]
perform all the Secretary's investigative and enforcement functions
under sections 101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b), 214(c) and (g) of the INA (8
U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b), 1184(c) and (g)), pursuant to the
delegation of authority from the Secretary of DHS to the Secretary of
DOL.
(b) Conduct of investigations. The Administrator shall conduct such
investigations as may, in the judgment of the Administrator, be
appropriate and in connection therewith, enter and inspect such places
and such records (and make transcriptions or copies thereof), question
such persons and gather such information as deemed necessary by the
Administrator to determine compliance regarding the matters which are
the subject of investigation.
(c) Employer cooperation/availability of records. An employer shall
at all times cooperate in administrative and enforcement proceedings.
An employer being investigated shall make available to the
Administrator such records, information, persons, and places as the
Administrator deems appropriate to copy, transcribe, question, or
inspect. No employer subject to the provisions of sections
101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b) and 214(c) of the INA and/or of this subpart shall
interfere with any official of the Department performing an
investigation, inspection, or law enforcement function pursuant to 8
U.S.C. 1101(a)(15)(H)(ii)(b) or 1184(c). Any such interference shall be
a violation of the labor certification application and of this part,
and the Administrator may take such further actions as the
Administrator considers appropriate. (Federal criminal statutes
prohibit certain interference with a Federal officer in the performance
of official duties. 18 U.S.C. 111 and 18 U.S.C. 1114.)
(d) Confidentiality. The Administrator shall, to the extent
possible under existing law, protect the confidentiality of any person
who provides information to the Department in confidence in the course
of an investigation or otherwise under this subpart.
Sec. 655.55 [Reserved]
Sec. 655.60 Violations.
(a) The WHD Administrator, through investigation, shall determine
whether an employer has--
(1) Filed a petition with ETA that willfully misrepresents a
material fact.
(2) Substantially failed to meet any of the conditions of the labor
certification application attested to, as listed in Sec. 655.22, or
any of the conditions of the DHS Form I-129, Petition for a
Nonimmigrant Worker for an H-2B worker, listed in 8 CFR 214.2(h),
including to provide working conditions normal to workers similarly
employed in the area of intended employment and not less favorable than
those offered to the foreign workers and that it is offering a job that
contains no unduly restrictive job requirements. Such working
conditions shall include, but are not limited to: hours; shifts;
vacation periods; seniority-based preferences for training programs;
and work schedules.
Sec. 655.65 Remedies for violations.
(a) Upon determining that an employer has willfully failed to pay
wages, in violation of the attestation required by Sec. 655.22(g) or
willfully required employees to pay for fees or expenses prohibited by
Sec. 655.22(l), or willfully made impermissible deductions from pay as
provided in Sec. 655.22(h), the WHD Administrator shall assess civil
money penalties equal to the difference between the amount that should
have been paid and the amount that actually was paid to such
nonimmigrant(s), not to exceed $10,000.
(b) Upon determining that an employer has terminated by layoff or
otherwise any employee described in Sec. 622.55(k), within the period
described in that section, the Administrator shall assess civil money
penalties equal to the wages that would have been earned but for the
layoff at the H-2B rate for that period, not to exceed $10,000. No
civil money penalty shall be assessed, however, if the employee refused
the job opportunity, or was terminated for lawful, job-related reasons.
(c) The Administrator may assess civil money penalties in an amount
not to exceed $10,000 per violation for any substantial failure to meet
the conditions provided in the labor condition application or the DHS
Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker for an H-2B worker, or
any willful misrepresentation in the application or petition, or a
failure to cooperate with a Department audit or investigation.
(d) Substantial failure in (c) above shall mean a willful failure
that constitutes a significant deviation from the terms and conditions
of the labor condition application or the DHS Form I-129, Petition for
a Nonimmigrant Worker for an H-2B worker.
(e) For purposes of this subpart, ``willful failure'' means a
knowing failure or a reckless disregard with respect to whether the
conduct was contrary to section 214(c) of the INA, or this subpart. See
McLaughlin v. Richland Shoe Co., 486 U.S. 128 (1988); see also Trans
World Airlines v. Thurston, 469 U.S. 111 (1985).
(f) The provisions of this subpart become applicable upon the date
that the employer's labor condition application is certified and/or
upon the date employment commences, whichever is earlier. The
employer's submission and signature on the labor certification
application and DHS Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker for
an H-2B worker constitutes the employer's representation that the
statements on the application are accurate and its acknowledgment and
acceptance of the obligations of the program. The employer's acceptance
of these obligations is re-affirmed by the employer's submission of the
petition (Form I-129), supported by the labor certification.
(g) In determining the amount of the civil money penalty to be
assessed pursuant to (c) above, the Administrator shall consider the
type of violation committed and other relevant factors. In determining
the level of penalties to be assessed, the highest penalties shall be
reserved for willful failures to meet any of the conditions of the
application that involve harm to U.S. workers. Other factors which may
be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:
(1) Previous history of violation, or violations, by the employer
under the INA and this subpart, and 8 CFR 214.2;
(2) The number of workers affected by the violation or violations;
(3) The gravity of the violation or violations;
(4) Efforts made by the employer in good faith to comply with the
INA and regulatory provisions of this subpart and at 8 CFR 214.2(h);
(5) The employer's explanation of the violation or violations;
(6) The employer's commitment to future compliance; and
(7) The extent to which the employer achieved a financial gain due
to the violation, or the potential financial loss, potential injury or
adverse effect with respect to other parties.
(h) Disqualification from approval of petitions. Where the
Administrator finds a substantial failure to meet any conditions of the
application or in a DHS Form I-129, Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker
for an H-2B worker or a willful misrepresentation of a material fact in
an application or in a DHS Form I-129, the Administrator may recommend
that DHS disqualify the employer from the approval of any petitions
filed by, or on behalf of, the employer pursuant to sections 204 and
214(c) of the INA for a period of no less than 1 year, and no more than
5 years.
[[Page 29971]]
(i) If the Administrator finds a violation of the provisions
specified in this subpart, the Administrator may impose such other
administrative remedies as the Administrator determines to be
appropriate, including but not limited to reinstatement of displaced
U.S. workers or other appropriate legal or equitable remedies.
(j) The civil money penalties determined by the Administrator to be
appropriate are immediately due for payment upon the assessment by the
Administrator, or upon the decision by an administrative law judge
where a hearing is timely requested, or upon the decision by the
Secretary where review is granted. The employer shall remit the amount
of the civil money penalty by certified check or money order made
payable to the order of ``Wage and Hour Division, Labor.'' The
remittance shall be delivered or mailed to the Wage and Hour Division
office in the manner directed in the Administrator's notice of
determination. The payment or performance of any other remedy
prescribed by the Administrator shall follow procedures established by
the Administrator.
(k) The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990,
as amended (28 U.S.C. 2461 note), requires that inflationary
adjustments to civil money penalties in accordance with a specified
cost-of-living formula be made, by regulation, at least every 4 years.
The adjustments are to be based on changes in the Consumer Price Index
for all Urban Consumers (CPI-U) for the U.S. City Average for All
Items. The adjusted amounts will be published in the Federal Register.
The amount of the penalty in a particular case will be based on the
amount of the penalty in effect at the time the violation occurs.
Sec. 655.70 Administrator's determination.
(a) The WHD Administrator's determination shall be served on the
employer by personal service or by certified mail at the employer's
last known address. Where service by certified mail is not accepted by
the employer, the Administrator may exercise discretion to serve the
determination by regular mail.
(b) The Administrator shall file with the Chief Administrative Law
Judge, U.S. Department of Labor, a copy of the Administrator's
determination.
(c) The Administrator's written determination shall:
(1) Set forth the determination of the Administrator and the reason
or reasons therefore, and in the case of a finding of violation(s) by
an employer, prescribe the amount of any civil money penalties assessed
and the reason therefore.
(2) Inform the employer that a hearing may be requested pursuant to
Sec. 655.71 of this part.
(3) Inform the employer that in the absence of a timely request for
a hearing, received by the Chief Administrative Law Judge within 15
calendar days of the date of the determination, the determination of
the Administrator shall become final and not appealable.
(4) Set forth the procedure for requesting a hearing, give the
addresses of the Chief Administrative Law Judge (with whom the request
must be filed) and the representative(s) of the Solicitor of DOL (upon
whom copies of the request must be served).
(5) Where appropriate, inform the employer that the Administrator
will notify ETA and the DHS of the occurrence of a violation by the
employer.
Sec. 655.71 Request for hearing.
(a) An employer desiring review of a determination issued under
Sec. 655.70, including judicial review, shall make a request for such
an administrative hearing in writing to the Chief Administrative Law
Judge at the address stated in the notice of determination. If such a
request for an administrative hearing is timely filed, the WHD
Administrator's determination shall be inoperative unless and until the
case is dismissed or the Administrative Law Judge issues an order
affirming the decision.
(b) An employer may request a hearing where the Administrator
determines, after investigation, that the employer has committed
violation(s). In such a proceeding, the Administrator shall be the
prosecuting party, and the employer shall be the respondent.
(c) No particular form is prescribed for any request for hearing
permitted by this section. However, any such request shall:
(1) Be dated;
(2) Be typewritten or legibly written;
(3) Specify the issue or issues stated in the notice of
determination giving rise to such request;
(4) State the specific reason or reasons why the employer believes
such determination is in error;
(5) Be signed by the employer making the request or by an
authorized representative of such employer; and
(6) Include the address at which such employer or authorized
representative desires to receive further communications relating
thereto.
(d) The request for such hearing shall be received by the Chief
Administrative Law Judge, at the address stated in the Administrator's
notice of determination, no later than 15 calendar days after the date
of the determination. An employer which fails to meet this 15-day
deadline for requesting a hearing may thereafter participate in the
proceedings only by consent of the administrative law judge.
(e) The request may be filed in person, by facsimile transmission,
by certified or regular mail, or by courier service. For the requesting
employer's protection, if the request is by mail, it should be by
certified mail. If the request is by facsimile transmission, the
original of the request, signed by the employer or authorized
representative, shall be filed within ten days.
(f) Copies of the request for a hearing shall be sent by the
employer or authorized representative to the WHD official who issued
the Administrator's notice of determination, to the representative(s)
of the Solicitor of DOL identified in the notice of determination.
Sec. 655.72 Hearing rules of practice.
(a) Except as specifically provided in this subpart, and to the
extent they do not conflict with the provisions of this subpart, the
``Rules of Practice and Procedure for Administrative Hearings Before
the Office of Administrative Law Judges'' established by the Secretary
at 29 CFR Part 18 shall apply to administrative proceedings under this
subpart.
(b) As provided in the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 556,
any oral or documentary evidence may be received in proceedings under
this part. The Federal Rules of Evidence and subpart B of the Rules of
Practice and Procedure for Administrative Hearings Before the Office of
Administrative Law Judges (29 CFR Part 18, Subpart B) shall not apply,
but principles designed to ensure production of relevant and probative
evidence shall guide the admission of evidence. The administrative law
judge may exclude evidence which is immaterial, irrelevant, or unduly
repetitive.
Sec. 655.73 Service of pleadings.
(a) Under this subpart, a party may serve any pleading or document
by regular mail. Service on a party is complete upon mailing to the
last known address. No additional time for filing or response is
authorized where service is by mail. In the interest of expeditious
proceedings, the administrative law judge may direct the parties to
serve pleadings or documents by a method other than regular mail.
(b) Two copies of all pleadings and other documents in any
administrative law judge proceeding shall be served on the attorneys
for the WHD
[[Page 29972]]
Administrator. One copy shall be served on the Associate Solicitor,
Division of Fair Labor Standards, Office of the Solicitor, U.S.
Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room N-2716,
Washington, DC 20210, and one copy shall be served on the attorney
representing the Administrator in the proceeding.
(c) Time will be computed beginning with the day following the
action and includes the last day of the period unless it is a Saturday,
Sunday, or federally-observed holiday, in which case the time period
includes the next business day.
Sec. 655.74 Conduct of proceedings.
(a) Upon receipt of a timely request for a hearing filed pursuant
to and in accordance with Sec. 655.71 of this subpart, the Chief
Administrative Law Judge shall promptly appoint an administrative law
judge to hear the case.
(b) The administrative law judge shall notify all parties of the
date, time and place of the hearing. All parties shall be given at
least 14 calendar days notice of such hearing.
(c) The administrative law judge may prescribe a schedule by which
the parties are permitted to file a prehearing brief or other written
statement of fact or law. Any such brief or statement shall be served
upon each other party. Post-hearing briefs will not be permitted except
at the request of the administrative law judge. When permitted, any
such brief shall be limited to the issue or issues specified by the
administrative law judge, shall be due within the time prescribed by
the administrative law judge, and shall be served on each other party.
Sec. 655.75 Decision and order of administrative law judge.
(a) The administrative law judge shall issue a decision. If any
party desires review of the decision, including judicial review, a
petition for Secretary's review thereof shall be filed as provided in
Sec. 655.76 of this subpart. If a petition for review is filed, the
decision of the administrative law judge shall be inoperative unless
and until the Secretary issues an order affirming the decision, or,
unless and until 30 calendar days have passed after the Secretary's
receipt of the petition for review and the Secretary has not issued
notice to the parties that the Secretary will review the administrative
law judge's decision.
(b) The decision of the administrative law judge shall include a
statement of findings and conclusions, with reasons and basis
therefore, upon each material issue presented on the record. The
decision shall also include an appropriate order which may affirm,
deny, reverse, or modify, in whole or in part, the determination of the
Administrator; the reason or reasons for such order shall be stated in
the decision.
(c) In the event that the Administrator assesses civil money
penalties for wage violation(s) of Sec. Sec. 655.22(g), 655.22(l), or
655.22(h) based upon a PWD obtained by the Administrator from ETA
during the investigation and the administrative law judge determines
that the Administrator's request was not warranted, the administrative
law judge shall remand the matter to the Administrator for further
proceedings on the Administrator's determination. If there is no such
determination and remand by the administrative law judge, the
administrative law judge shall accept as final and accurate the wage
determination obtained from ETA or, in the event the employer filed a
timely complaint through the Employment Service complaint system, the
final wage determination resulting from that process. Under no
circumstances shall the administrative law judge determine the validity
of the wage determination or require submission into evidence or
disclosure of source data or the names of establishments contacted in
developing the survey which is the basis for the PWD.
(d) The administrative law judge shall not render determinations as
to the legality of a regulatory provision or the constitutionality of a
statutory provision.
(e) The decision shall be served on all parties in person or by
certified or regular mail.
Sec. 655.76 Appeal of administrative law judge decision.
(a) The WHD Administrator or an employer desiring review of the
decision and order of an administrative law judge, including judicial
review, shall petition the Department's Administrative Review Board
(Board) to review the decision and order. To be effective, such
petition shall be received by the Board within 30 calendar days of the
date of the decision and order. Copies of the petition shall be served
on all parties and on the administrative law judge.
(b) No particular form is prescribed for any petition for the
Board's review permitted by this subpart. However, any such petition
shall:
(1) Be dated;
(2) Be typewritten or legibly written;
(3) Specify the issue or issues stated in the administrative law
judge decision and order giving rise to such petition;
(4) State the specific reason or reasons why the party petitioning
for review believes such decision and order are in error;
(5) Be signed by the party filing the petition or by an authorized
representative of such party;
(6) Include the address at which such party or authorized
representative desires to receive further communications relating
thereto; and
(7) Attach copies of the administrative law judge's decision and
order, and any other record documents which would assist the Board in
determining whether review is warranted.
(c) Whenever the Board determines to review the decision and order
of an administrative law judge, a notice of the Board's determination
shall be served upon the administrative law judge, upon the Office of
Administrative Law Judges, and upon all parties to the proceeding
within 30 calendar days after the Board's receipt of the petition for
review. If the Board determines that it will review the decision and
order, the order shall be inoperative unless and until the Board issues
an order affirming the decision and order.
(d) Upon receipt of the Board's notice, the Office of
Administrative Law Judges shall within 15 calendar days forward the
complete hearing record to the Board.
(e) The Board's notice shall specify:
(1) The issue or issues to be reviewed;
(2) The form in which submissions shall be made by the parties
(e.g., briefs);
(3) The time within which such submissions shall be made.
(f) All documents submitted to the Board shall be filed with the
Administrative Review Board, Room S-4309, U.S. Department of Labor,
Washington, DC 20210. An original and two copies of all documents shall
be filed. Documents are not deemed filed with the Board until actually
received by the Board. All documents, including documents filed by
mail, shall be received by the Board either on or before the due date.
(g) Copies of all documents filed with the Board shall be served
upon all other parties involved in the proceeding.
(h) The Board's final decision shall be served upon all parties and
the administrative law judge.
Sec. 655.80 Notice to the ETA and DHS.
(a) The WHD Administrator shall notify the DHS and ETA of the final
determination of any violation recommending that DHS not approve
[[Page 29973]]
petitions filed by an employer. The Administrator's notification will
address the type of violation committed by the employer and the
appropriate statutory period for disqualification of the employer from
approval of petitions.
(b) The Administrator shall notify the DHS and ETA upon the
earliest of the following events:
(1) Where the Administrator determines that there is a basis for a
finding of violation by an employer, and no timely request for hearing
is made; or
(2) Where, after a hearing, the administrative law judge issues a
decision and order finding a violation by an employer, and no timely
petition for review is filed with the Department's Administrative
Review Board (Board); or
(3) Where a timely petition for review is filed from an
administrative law judge's decision finding a violation and the Board
either declines within 30 days to entertain the appeal, pursuant to or
the Board reviews and affirms the administrative law judge's
determination; or
(4) Where the administrative law judge finds that there was no
violation by an employer, and the Board, upon review, issues a
decision, holding that a violation was committed by an employer.
(c) DHS, upon receipt of notification from the Administrator
pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section, shall determine whether to
deny petitions filed with respect to that employer under sections 204
or 214(c) of the INA (8 U.S.C. 1154 and 1184(c)) and, in the event such
petitions are denied, the time period of such denials.
4. Amend 655.715 by adding a definition for the ``Center Director''
to read as follows:
Sec. 655.715 Definitions.
* * * * *
Center Director means a DOL official to whom the Administrator has
delegated his authority for purposes of NPC operations and functions.
* * * * *
5. Amend Sec. 655.731 to revise paragraphs (a)(2) introductory
text and (a)(2)(ii) to read as follows:
Sec. 655.731 What is the first LCA requirement regarding wages?
* * * * *
(a) * * *
(2) The prevailing wage for the occupational classification in the
area of intended employment must be determined as of the time of filing
the application. The employer shall base the prevailing wage on the
best information available as of the time of filing the application.
Except as provided in this section, the employer is not required to use
any specific methodology to determine the prevailing wage and may
utilize a wage obtained from an ETA NPC, an independent authoritative
source, or other legitimate sources of wage data. One of the following
sources shall be used to establish the prevailing wage:
* * * * *
(ii) If the job opportunity is in an occupation, which is not
covered by paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, the prevailing wage
shall be the arithmetic mean of the wages of workers similarly
employed, except that the prevailing wage shall be the median when
provided by paragraphs (a)(2)(ii)(A), (b)(3)(iii)(B)(2), and
(b)(3)(iii)(C)(2) of this section. The prevailing wage rate shall be
based on the best information available. The Department believes the
following prevailing wage sources are, in order of priority, the most
accurate and reliable:
(A) ETA National Processing Center (NPC) determination. Upon
receipt of a written request for a PWD, the NPC will determine whether
the occupation is covered by a collective bargaining agreement, which
was negotiated at arms length, and, if not, determine the arithmetic
mean of wages of workers similarly employed in the area of intended
employment. The wage component of the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Occupational Employment Statistics survey shall be used to determine
the arithmetic mean, unless the employer provides an acceptable survey.
The NPC shall determine the wage in accordance with section 212(t) of
the INA. If an acceptable employer-provided wage survey provides a
median and does not provide an arithmetic mean, the median shall be the
prevailing wage applicable to the employer's job opportunity. In making
a PWD, the Chicago NPC will follow Sec. 656.40 of this chapter and
other administrative guidelines or regulations issued by ETA. The
Chicago NPC shall specify the validity period of the PWD, which in no
event shall be for less than 90 days or more than 1 year from the date
of the determination.
(1) An employer who chooses to utilize an NPC PWD shall file the
labor condition application within the validity period of the
prevailing wage as specified in the PWD. Any employer desiring review
of an NPC PWD, including judicial review, shall follow the appeal
procedures at Sec. 656.41 of this chapter. Employers which challenge
an NPC PWD under Sec. 656.41 must obtain a ruling prior to filing an
LCA. In any challenge, the Department and the NPC shall not divulge any
employer wage data, which were collected under the promise of
confidentiality. Once an employer obtains a PWD from the Chicago NPC
and files an LCA supported by that PWD, the employer is deemed to have
accepted the PWD (as to the amount of the wage) and thereafter may not
contest the legitimacy of the PWD by filing an appeal with the CO (see
Sec. 656.41 of this chapter) or in an investigation or enforcement
action.
(2) If the employer is unable to wait for the Chicago NPC to
produce the requested prevailing wage for the occupation in question,
or for the CO and/or the BALCA to issue a decision, the employer may
rely on other legitimate sources of available wage information as set
forth in paragraphs (a)(2)(ii)(B) and (C) of this section. If the
employer later discovers, upon receipt of the PWD from the Chicago NPC,
that the information relied upon produced a wage below the prevailing
wage for the occupation in the area of intended employment and the
employer was paying below the NPC-determined wage, no wage violation
will be found if the employer retroactively compensates the H-1B
nonimmigrant(s) for the difference between wage paid and the prevailing
wage, within 30 days of the employer's receipt of the PWD.
(3) In all situations where the employer obtains the PWD from the
Chicago NPC, the Department will deem that PWD as correct (as to the
amount of the wage). Nevertheless, the employer must maintain a copy of
the NPC PWD. A complaint alleging inaccuracy of an NPC PWD, in such
cases, will not be investigated.
(B) An independent authoritative source. The employer may use an
independent authoritative wage source in lieu of an NPC PWD. The
independent authoritative source survey must meet all the criteria set
forth in paragraph (b)(3)(iii)(B) of this section.
* * * * *
6. Amend paragraph 655.731 to revise paragraph (b)(3)(iii) to read
as follows:
Sec. 655.731 What is the first LCA requirement, regarding wages?
* * * * *
(b) * * *
(3) * * *
(iii) * * *
(A) A copy of the prevailing wage finding from the NPC for the
occupation within the area of intended employment.
* * * * *
[[Page 29974]]
7. Amend Sec. 655.731 to revise paragraph (d)(2) and (d)(3) to
read as follows:
Sec. 655.731 What is the first LCA requirement, regarding wages?
* * * * *
(d) * * *
(2) In the event the Administrator obtains a prevailing wage from
ETA pursuant to paragraph (d)(1) of this section, and the employer
desires review, including judicial review, the employer shall challenge
the ETA prevailing wage only by filing a request for review under Sec.
656.41 of this chapter within 30 days of the employer's receipt of the
PWD from the Administrator. If the request is timely filed, the
decision of ETA is suspended until the Center Director issues a
determination on the employer's appeal. If the employer desires review,
including judicial review, of the decision of the NPC Center Director,
the employer shall make a request for review of the determination by
the Board of Alien Labor Certification Appeals (BALCA) under Sec.
656.41(e) of this chapter within 30 days of the receipt of the decision
of the Center Director. If a request for review is timely filed with
the BALCA, the determination by the Center Director is suspended until
the BALCA issues a determination on the employer's appeal. In any
challenge to the wage determination, neither ETA nor the NPC shall
divulge any employer wage data which was collected under the promise of
confidentiality.
(i) Where an employer timely challenges an ETA PWD obtained by the
Administrator, the 30-day investigative period shall be suspended until
the employer obtains a final ruling. Upon such a final ruling, the
investigation and any subsequent enforcement proceeding shall continue,
with ETA's PWD serving as the conclusive determination for all
purposes.
(ii) [Reserved]
(3) For purposes of this paragraph (d), ETA may consult with the
appropriate NPC to ascertain the prevailing wage applicable under the
circumstances of the particular complaint.
PART 656--LABOR CERTIFICATION PROCESS FOR PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT OF
ALIENS IN THE UNITED STATES
8. The authority citation continues to read as follows:
Authority: 8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(5)(A), 1189(p)(1); section 122,
Public Law 101-649, 109 Stat. 4978; and Title IV, Public Law 105-
277, 112 Stat. 2681.
9. Amend Sec. 656.3 by revising the definitions of ``Prevailing
wage determination (PWD)'' and ``State Workforce Agency (SWA)'' to read
as follows:
Sec. 656.3 Definitions, for purposes of this part, of terms used in
this part.
* * * * *
Prevailing wage determination (PWD) means the prevailing wage
provided or approved by an ETA National Processing Center (NPC), in
accordance with ETA guidance governing foreign labor certification
programs. This includes PWD requests processed for purposes of employer
petitions filed with DHS under Schedule A or for sheepherders.
* * * * *
State Workforce Agency (SWA), formerly known as State Employment
Security Agency (SESA), means the state agency that receives funds
under the Wagner-Peyser Act to provide employment-related services to
U.S. workers and employers and/or administers the public labor exchange
delivered through the state's one-stop delivery system in accordance
with the Wagner-Peyser Act.
* * * * *
Sec. 656.15 [Amended]
10. Amend Sec. 656.15 as follows:
A. Amend paragraph (a) by removing the words ``in duplicate''.
B. Remove paragraph (f) and redesignate paragraph (g) as paragraph
(f).
11. Amend Sec. 656.40 by revising paragraphs (a), (b) introductory
text, (c), (g), (h) and (i) to read as follows:
Sec. 656.40 Determination of prevailing wage for labor certification
purposes.
(a) Application process. The employer must request a PWD from the
ETA NPC having jurisdiction over the proposed area of intended
employment, on a form or in a manner prescribed by ETA. The NPC will
provide the employer with an appropriate prevailing wage rate. The NPC
shall determine the wage in accordance with section 212(t) of the INA.
Unless the employer chooses to appeal the center's PWD under Sec.
656.41(a), it files the Application for Permanent Employment
Certification either electronically or by mail with the processing
center of jurisdiction and maintains the PWD in its files. The
determination shall be submitted to the CO, if requested.
(b) Determinations. The National Processing Center will determine
the appropriate prevailing wage as follows: * * *
(c) Validity Period. The National Processing Center must specify
the validity period of the prevailing wage, which in no event may be
less than 90 days or more than 1 year from the determination date. To
use a prevailing wage rate provided by the NPC, employers must file
their applications or begin the recruitment period required by
Sec. Sec. 656.17(e) or 656.21 within the validity period specified by
the NPC.
* * * * *
(g) Employer-provided wage information.
(1) If the job opportunity is not covered by a CBA, or by a
professional sports league's rules or regulations, the NPC will
consider wage information provided by the employer in making a PWD. An
employer survey can be submitted either initially or after NPC issuance
of a PWD derived from the OES survey. In the latter situation, the new
employer survey submission will be deemed a new PWD request.
(2) In each case where the employer submits a survey or other wage
data for which it seeks acceptance, the employer must provide the NPC
with enough information about the survey methodology, including such
items as sample size and source, sample selection procedures, and
survey job descriptions, to allow the NPC to make a determination about
the adequacy of the data provided and validity of the statistical
methodology used in conducting the survey in accordance with guidance
issued by the ETA national office.
(3) The survey submitted to the NPC must be based upon recently
collected data:
(i) A published survey must have been published within 24 months of
the date of submission to the NPC, must be the most current edition of
the survey, and the data upon which the survey is based must have been
collected within 24 months of the publication date of the survey.
(ii) A survey conducted by the employer must be based on data
collected within 24 months of the date it is submitted to the NPC.
(4) if the employer-provided survey is found not to be acceptable,
the NPC will inform the employer in writing of the reasons the survey
was not accepted.
(5) The employer, after receiving notification that the survey it
provided for NPC consideration is not acceptable, may file supplemental
information as provided by paragraph (h) of this section, file a new
request for a PWD, or appeal under Sec. 656.41.
(h) Submittal of supplemental information by employer.
[[Page 29975]]
(1) If the employer disagrees with the skill level assigned to its
job opportunity, or if the NPC informs the employer its survey is not
acceptable, or if there are other legitimate bases for such a review,
the employer may submit supplemental information to the NPC.
(2) The NPC will consider one supplemental submission about the
employer's survey or the skill level the NPC assigned to the job
opportunity or any other legitimate basis for the employer to request
such a review. If the NPC does not accept the employer's survey after
considering the supplemental information, or affirms its determination
concerning the skill level, it will inform the employer of the reasons
for its decision.
(3) The employer may then apply for a new wage determination or
appeal under Sec. 656.41.
(i) Frequent users. The Secretary will issue guidance pursuant to
which employers receiving a PWD from an NPC may directly obtain a wage
determination to apply to a subsequent application, when the wage is
for the same occupation, skill level, and area of intended employment.
In no case may the wage rate the employer provides the NPC be lower
than the highest wage required by any applicable Federal, state, or
local law.
* * * * *
12. Revise Sec. 656.41 to read as follows:
Sec. 656.41 Review of prevailing wage determinations.
(a) Review of NPC PWD. Any employer desiring review of a PWD made
by a CO must make a request for such review within 30 days of the date
from when the PWD was issued. The request for review must be sent to
the director of the NPC that issued the PWD within 30 days of the date
of the PWD; clearly identify the PWD from which review is sought; set
forth the particular grounds for the request; and include all the
materials pertaining to the PWD submitted to the NPC up to the date of
the PWD received from the NPC.
(b) Processing of request by NPC. Upon the receipt of a request for
review, the NPC will review the employer's request and accompanying
documentation, and add any material that may have been omitted by the
employer, including any material the NPC sent the employer up to the
date of the PWD.
(c) Review on the record. The director will review the PWD solely
on the basis upon which the PWD was made and, upon the request for
review, may either affirm or modify the PWD.
(d) Request for review by BALCA. Any employer desiring review of
the director's determination must make a request for review by the
BALCA within 30 days of the date of the director's decision.
(1) The request for review, statements, briefs, and other
submissions of the parties and amicus curiae must contain only legal
arguments and only such evidence that was within the record upon which
the director made his/her affirmation of the PWD.
(2) The request for review must be in writing and addressed to the
director of the NPC making the determination. Upon receipt of a request
for a review, the director will assemble an indexed appeal file in
reverse chronological order, with the index on top followed by the most
recent document.
(3) The director will send the Appeal File to the Office of
Administrative Law Judges, BALCA. The BALCA handles the appeals in
accordance with Sec. Sec. 656.26 and 656.27 of this part.
Signed in Washington, DC, this 13th day of May, 2008.
Brent R. Orell,
Acting Assistant Secretary, Employment and Training Administration.
Alexander J. Passantino,
Acting Administrator, Wage and Hour Division, Employment Standards
Administration.
[FR Doc. E8-11214 Filed 5-21-08; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510-FP-P
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