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![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://www.ars.usda.gov/incme/images/Services_head.gif) |
Six step process for identifying, testing, releasing, and managing biological control agents:
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Recognize that an exotic species is, or may become, an invasive threat.
- Conduct exploratory surveys for potential biological control agents in the invasive plant’s native range.
- Screen the most promising agents for host specificity (that is, ecological safety).
- Apply for permission to release the biological control agent.
- Establish self-perpetuating populations of safe biological control agents.
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Develop management strategies to enhance efficacy of naturalized biological control agents.
Biological control agents for selected invasive plant species.
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligatorweed): |
Agasicles hygrophila |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://www.ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/Agasicles.jpg)
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Amynothrips andersoni |
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Arcola malloi |
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Pistia stratiotes (Waterlettuce): |
Neohydronomus affinis |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://www.ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/Neohydronomus.jpg)
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Spodoptera pectinicornis |
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Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla): |
Bagous affinis |
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Bagous hydrillae |
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Hydrellia pakistanae |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://www.ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/Hydrellia.jpg)
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Hydrellia balciunasi |
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Melaleuca quinquenervia (Paperbark tree): |
Oxyops vitiosa |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/Oxyops%20Adult.jpg)
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Boreioglycaspis melaleucae |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/psyllid4.jpg) |
Fergusonina turneri |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://www.ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/ferg.jpg) |
Salvinia molesta (Giant water fern): |
Cyrtobagous salviniae |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://www.ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/Cyrtobagous.jpg)
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Eichhornia crassipes (Waterhyacinth): |
Neochetina eichhorniae |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://www.ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/Neochetina-ei.jpg)
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Neochetina bruchi |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://www.ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/Neochetina-br.jpg) |
Niphograpta albiguttalis |
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Lygodium microphyllum (Old-world climbing fern): |
Cataclysta camptozonale (released 1st qtr, 2005)
Renamed Austromusotima camptozonale |
![](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081108043350im_/http://ars.usda.gov/images/docs/5182_5366/img005-4.jpg) |
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Last Modified: 03/31/2006
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