2006 Annual Report 4d.Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and the International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 3655-21000-039-00D, Conservation and Utilization of Potato Genetic Resources. Evaluations were conducted in screenhouse plantings in the highlands of central Peru in the locality of Huancayo in Junin province. Furadan® 4F (carbofuran, an insecticide and nematicide) was applied to wild species populations that grow in proximity to farmer’s fields. Onset of flowering, pollen viability, duration of flowering, number of berries set, number of seeds, and number of tubers were affected by the application of the pesticide in some species. These results suggest that agrichemicals may play a role in changing the reproductive fitness and population structures of native wild potato species in proximity to cultivated fields. If so, these sites, although relatively easy to access, may provide an inferior (less genetically diverse) sample for the ex situ genebank than more remote populations that have been isolated from human influence.