Research Project:
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF FUNGI TO ENHANCE FOOD SAFETY AND FOOD SECURITY
Location: Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research
Title: RECONSTRUCTING THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF FUNGI USING A SIX-GENE PHYLOGENY
Authors
| James, Timothy - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC | | Kauff, Frank - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC | | Schoch, Conrad - OR ST UNIV, CORVALLIS OR | | Matheny, Brandon - CLARK UNIV, WORCESTER MA | | Hofstetter, Valerie - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC | | Cox, Cymon - NTRL HISTY MUSEUM LONDON | | Celio, Gail - UNIV OF MN, ST PAUL MN | | Guiedan, Cecile - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC | | Fraker, Emily - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC | | Miadlikowska, Jolanta - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC | | Lumbsh, Thorsten - FLD MUSEUM NTRL HIST IL | | Rauhut, Alexandra - FACHBEREICH BIO GERMANY | | Reeb, Valerie - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC | | Arnold, A. Elizabeth - UNIV OF AZ, TUCSON AZ | | Amtoft, Anja - NY BTNCL GRDN, BRONX NY | | Stajich, Jason - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC | | Hosaka, Kentaro - FIELD MUSEUM, CHICAGO IL | | Sung, Gi-Ho - OR ST UNIV, CORVALLIS OR | | Johnson, Desiree - OR ST UNIV, CORVALLIS OR | | O'Rourke, Ben - OR ST UNIV, CORVALLIS OR | | Crockett, Michael - OR ST UNIV, CORVALLIS, OR | | Binder, Manfred - CLARK UNIV, WORCESTER MA | | Curtis, Judd - CLARK UNIV, WORCESTER MA | | Slot, Jason - CLARK UNIV, WORCESTER MA | | Wang, Zheng - UNIV OF IA, IOWA CITY IA | | Wilson, Andrew - CLARK UNIV, WORCESTER MA | | Schueller, Arthur - INST OF BOTANY, GERMANY | | Longcore, Joyce - UNIV OF ME, ORONO ME | |
O Donnell, Kerry
| | Mozley-Standridge, Sharon - UNIV OF GA, ATHENS GA | | Porter, David - UNIV OF GA, ATHENS GA | | Letcher, Peter - UNIV OF AL, TUSCALOOSA AL | | Powell, Martha - UNIV OF AL, TUSCALOOSA AL | | Taylor, John - UNIV OF CA, BERKELEY CA | | White, Merlin - UNIV OF KS, LAWRENCE KS | | Griffith, Gareth - UNIV OF WALES | | Davies, Daivd - IGER, ABERYSWYTH WALES | |
Humber, Richard
| | Morton, Joseph - WV UNIV, MORGANTOWN WV | | Sugiyama, Junta - TECHNOSURUGA CO, JAPAN | |
Rossman, Amy
| | Rogers, Jack - WA ST UNIV, PULLMAN WA | | Pfister, Don - HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE MA | | Hewitt, David - HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE MA | | Hansen, Karen - HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE MA | | Hambleton, Sarah - AG & AGRI-FOOD CANADA | | Shoemaker, Robert - AG & AGRI-FOOD CANADA | | Kohlmeyer, Jan - UNIV OF NC, MOREHEAD CITY | | Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte - UNIV OF NC, MOREHEAD CITY | | Spotts, Robert - OR ST UNIV, HOOD RVR OR | | Serdani, Maryna - OR ST UNIV, HOOD RVR OR | | Crous, Pedro - CBS, UTRECHT NETHERLANDS | | Hughes, Karen - UNIV OF TN, KNOXVILLE TN | | Matsuura, Kenji - OKAYAMA UNIV, JAPAN | | Langer, Ewald - UNIV KASSEL, GERMANY | | Langer, Gitta - UNIV KASSEL, GERMANY | | Untereiner, Wendy - BRANDON UNIV, CANADA | | Lucking, Robert - FLD MUSEUM NTRL HIST, IL | | Budel, Burkhard - FACHBEREICH BIO, GERMANY | | Geiser, David - PENN ST UNIV,UNIV PARK PA | | Aptroot, David - ABL, SOEST NETHERLANDS | | Diederich, Paul - NATL NTRL HIST MUSEUM,FR | | Schmitt, Imke - FLD MUSEUM NTRL HIST, IL | | Schultz, Matthias - UNIV HAMBURG, GERMANY | | Yahr, Rebecca - UNIV ST ANDREWS, UK | | Hibbett, David - CLARK UNIV, WORCESTER MA | | Lutzoni, Francois - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC | | Mclaughlin, David - UNIV OF MN, ST PAUL MN | | Spatafora, Joey - OR ST UNIV, CORVALLIS OR | | Vilgalys, Rytas - DUKE UNIV, DURHAM NC |
Submitted to: Nature
Publication Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: September 3, 2006
Publication Date: October 19, 2006
Publisher's URL: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v443/n7113/full/nature05110.html
Citation: James, T.Y., Kauff, F., Schoch, C., Matheny, B., Hofstetter, V., Cox, C.J., Celio, G., Guiedan, C., Fraker, E., Miadlikowska, J., Lumbsh, T., Rauhut, A., Reeb, V., Arnold, A., Amtoft, A., Stajich, J.E., Hosaka, K., Sung, G., Johnson, D., O'Rourke, B., Crockett, M., Binder, M., Curtis, J.M., Slot, J.C., Wang, Z., Wilson, A.W., Schueller, A., Longcore, J.E., O Donnell, K., Mozley-Standridge, S., Porter, D., Letcher, P.M., Powell, M.J., Taylor, J.W., White, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Davies, D.R., Humber, R.A., Morton, J.B., Sugiyama, J., Rossman, A.Y., Rogers, J.D., Pfister, D.H., Hewitt, D., Hansen, K., Hambleton, S., Shoemaker, R.A., Kohlmeyer, J., Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, B., Spotts, R.A., Serdani, M., Crous, P.W., Hughes, K.W., Matsuura, K., Langer, E., Langer, G., Untereiner, W.A., Lucking, R., Budel, B., Geiser, D.M., Aptroot, D.M., Diederich, P., Schmitt, I., Schultz, M., Yahr, R., Hibbett, D.S., Lutzoni, F., Mclaughlin, D.J., Spatafora, J.W., Vilgalys, R. 2006. Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny. Nature. 443:818-822.
Interpretive Summary: In order to better understand the origin and evolutionary diversification of the true Fungi, we developed phylogenetic hypotheses for the fungi using data from six gene regions and nearly 200 species. Although all current classifications for the Fungi assume that the swimming flagellated Fungi called chytrids form an early-diverging natural group of Fungi, and imply that there was a single loss of the flagellum leading to the diversification of terrestrial Fungi, our results suggest that there have been at least three independent losses of the flagellum in the Fungi. The losses of swimming spores appeared to have coincided with the evolution of novel mechanisms of spore dispersal such as aerial dispersal in the Microsporidia, an enigmatic group of unicellular organisms that lack subcellular organelles called mitochondria. One of the major findings of this study suggests that the Microsporidia may be derived from a parasitic chytrid early in the evolution of the Fungi. Results of these basic studies will benefit agricultural scientists in that the predictive power of the robust phylogenetic framework will enable them to predict the biotechnological properties of novel fungi as they are discovered and characterized for the benefit of humankind.
Technical Abstract: The ancestors of fungi are believed to be simple aquatic forms with flagellated spores, similar to modern-day Chytridiomycete fungi (chytrids). Current classifications for the fungi assume that the chytrids form an early-diverging clade of Fungi, and imply that there was a single loss of the flagellum leading to the diversification of terrestrial fungi. Here we develop phylogenetic hypotheses for the fungi using data from six gene regions and nearly 200 species. Our results suggest that there have been at least three independent losses of the flagellum in the Fungi. The losses of swimming spores have coincided with the evolution of novel mechanisms of spore dispersal, such as aerial dispersal and polar tube eversion in the Microsporidia, which are unicellular forms that lack mitochondria. Our results suggest that the Microsporidia may be derived from an endoparasitic chytridiomycete similar to Rozella allomycis, on the earliest diverging branch on the Fungal tree.
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