by Timothy J. Walsh, Michael A. Korosec, William M. Phillips, Robert L. Logan, and Henry W. Schasse
Digital database by Karen L. Meagher1 and Ralph A. Haugerud1
Open-file Report 99-382, version 1.0
This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity
with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American
Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive
purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
This database, identified as Geologic map of Washington - southwest quadrant by T.J. Walsh and others (digital edition) has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
The pamphlet for this report is also available from:
USGS Information ServicesU.S. Department of the Interior
Box 25286
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225
303-202-4700
303-202-4693 FAX
1 U.S. Geological Survey, Dept. Geological Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195
The digital transcription is incomplete: offshore folds and faults, the southern limit of the continental ice sheet in the Puget Lowland, the published base map (Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources map TM-1), geologic unit correlation diagrams, and most of the explanatory material that accompanies Walsh and others (1987) are not present here.
These materials are assembled in four separate files, all available at http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/openfile/of99-382:
swwadb.tar.gz compressed Unix
tar file containing:
README.txt | ASCII version of this file |
swwag.e00 | ARC export file of geologic units, contacts, and faults coverage |
swwav.e00 | ARC export file of volcanic vent coverage |
swwav.e00 | ARC export file of structure (fold) coverage |
imptswwa.aml | ARC macro to import these data into ARC-INFO |
swwa.dmu | Description of Map Units, in tab-delimited
plain ASCII text, suitable for import into database table. |
swwaplt.tar.gz compressed
Unix tar file containing ALL OF THE FILES in swwadb.tar.gz and files
necessary to recreate plot files. Additional files are:
swwazg.bil
swwazg.blw swwazg.hdr swwazg.stx |
four files that constitute a portable version of 60-meter digital elevation model for shaded-relief base |
imptswwazg.aml | ARC macro to import digital elevation model |
swwa.unit | text file describing unit symbolization, for import into INFO |
DMU.doc | Fully formatted DMU, as Microsoft WinWord (version 6.0) document. Derived from swwa.dmu |
dmu1.prn
... dmu11.prn |
11 Encapsulated Postscript files for DMU |
swwaclip.e00 | ARC export file of clip polygon for generating HSV grids |
geog.prj
geog_utm10.prj |
ARC projection files for plotting map |
inkjetpat.shd | ARC symbolset optimized for inkjet plotter |
fnt035 | ARC font file referenced by inkjetpat.shd |
mkswwa.aml | ARC macro to create files needed to plot map |
plotswwa1.aml | ARC macro to plot map, sheet 1 |
plotswwa2.aml | ARC macro to plot map, sheet 2 |
dmubox.aml | ARC macro to plot DMU keyboxes, called by
plotswwa2.aml |
swwa.rtl.tar.gz compressed Unix tar file of 2 RTL-format plotfiles, ready for plotting on HP650C or similar plotter. Files produce a map on two sheets, one 50" wide by 36" high, one 30" wide by 36" high.
swwa.ps.tar.gz compressed Unix tar file of 2 Postscript-format plotfiles, ready for plotting on HP2500CP or similar plotter. Files produce a map on two sheets, one 50" wide by 36" high, one 30" wide by 36" high. These files are uncompressed Postscript for faster processing, they contain PageSize statements, and they set print quality to BEST.
The images below are thumbnails of each map sheet and a fragment of sheet 1. Click on the images to see larger versions.
sheet 1, map
(click to see 400 KB version) |
sheet 2, explanation
(click to see 172 KB version) |
6" x 4" fragment of sheet 1
(click to see 328 KB version) |
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These files were generated with ARC-INFO v. 7 on a Unix (Solaris 2.6)
workstation and can readily be uncompressed and un-tarred on a similar
system. Utilities for uncompressing and un-tarring these files on various
operating systems are available from
http://www.matisse.net/files/formats.html
and from links at
http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/doc/edchome/ndcdb/public.html
Questions regarding these data should be referred to Ralph Haugerud or Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources staff. Haugerud or WDGER staff can also provide the digital spatial data in other formats, such as DXF and ASCII lat-long.
Ralph Haugerud
USGS @ University of Washington
Box 351310
Seattle, Washington 98195
rhaugerud@usgs.gov
Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources
1111 Washington Street SE
PO Box 47007
Olympia, Washington 98504
phone 360-902-1450
For your convenience, both sheet 1 (7.5 MB) and sheet 2 (672 Kb) are provided in PDF format for viewing
Download Acrobat
Reader version 4.0 for free.
1. On the world-wide Web, go to
http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-3822. On the internet, ftp togeopubs.wr.usgs.govLog on with user-name: anonymous and enter your email address as the password. CD to subdirectorypub/open-file/of99-3823. Send a blank magnetic tape (8 mm Exabyte, 2.3 or 5.0 GB capacity) with a letter of request and return address to:SW Washington Geologic-map DatabaseDo not omit any part of this address!
c/o Database Coordinator
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, M/S 975
Menlo Park, CA 94025Be sure to include with your request the exact names, as listed above, of the files you require. An Open-File Report number is not sufficient, unless you are requesting all files (database package, plot-generation package, and both plotfile packages) for the report.
(1) Download file swwa.rtl.gz, uncompress it, un-tar it, and plot files swwa1.rtl and swwa2.rtl on an HP650C, HP750C, HP755C, or similar plotter that understands the raster transfer language (RTL) subset of HPGL2.
(2) Download file swwa.ps.gz, uncompress, un-tar it, and plot files swwa1.ps and swwa2.ps on an HP2500CP or HP3500CP plotter or other Postscript-capable large-format plotter.
Both sets of files describe a map on two sheets that are 36" high, one 50" wide and one 30" wide, but are rotated to plot out with long axis parallel to paper.
Files are sent to plotters in different ways on different computer systems: on some Unix systems it may work to use the commands
lpr -P<plottername> swwa1.rtlor
lp -d<plottername> swwa1.rtlwhere the device-name of the plotter is substituted for <plottername>. Consult your system administrator for further assistance.
In the near future the U.S. Geological Survey is planning to provide a plot-on-demand service for map files, such as those described in this report, through Open-File Services. When this service is operational, you may purchase plots from Open-File Services at:
USGS Information Services
Box 25286
Denver Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225-0046
(303) 202-4200
1-800-USA-MAPS
FAX: (303) 202-4695
e-mail: infoservices@usgs.gov
Be sure to include with your request the Open-File Report number
and the exact file names of the maps you require. An Open-File Report number
and its letter alone may not be sufficient, unless you are requesting plots
of all the plotfiles for that report.
You may be able to find a commercial vendor who can plot map files such
as these for a fee.
Title: | Digital version of Geologic map of Washington - southwest quadrant, by T.J. Walsh, M.A. Korosec, W.M. Phillips, R.L. Logan, and H.W. Schasse | ||||||||||||||||||
Authors: |
|
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Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey | ||||||||||||||||||
Publication series and number: | Open-File Report 99-382 | ||||||||||||||||||
Release date: | 1999 | ||||||||||||||||||
How to obtain database: | see OBTAINING DATA FILES, above | ||||||||||||||||||
Point of contact for further information: | Ralph Haugerud
rhaugerud@usgs.gov |
||||||||||||||||||
Files in report: | see INTRODUCTION, above | ||||||||||||||||||
Geographic parameters: |
|
||||||||||||||||||
base map: | see MAKING THE MAP DIGITAL, below | ||||||||||||||||||
accuracy: | see MAP ACCURACY, below |
We transformed these coverages from scanner inches into UTM (zone 10)
meters, matching tics in the scans to calculated locations. A transformation
report is given below:
***************************************************************************
Arc: transform swwa swwa_utm affine
Transforming coordinates for coverage swwa
Scale (X,Y) = (6353.768,6351.697) Skew (degrees) = (-0.016)
Rotation (degrees) = (1.853) Translation = (350925.467,5012888.687)
RMS Error (input,output) = (0.004,22.923)
Affine X = Ax + By + C
Y = Dx + Ey + F
A = 6350.445
B = -207.166
C = 350925.467
D =
205.479 E =
6348.317 F = 5012888.687
tic id input
x input y
output x output y
x error y error
------ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
10
6.052 21.481
384899.312 5150478.000
7.690 21.146
12
6.500 30.215
385959.000 5206037.500
-13.352
4.447
13
12.480 29.923
423972.344 5205431.000
10.258 -19.049
14
12.083 21.187
423265.969 5149871.000
3.935
3.606
15
18.118 20.939
461632.906 5149506.500
12.748 31.231
16
18.453 29.676
461986.062 5205067.000
-23.775
8.594
17
24.154 20.716
500000.000 5149385.000
21.749 -18.908
18
24.433 29.461
500000.000 5204945.500
-19.860 -11.815
25
29.954 11.797
538717.312 5093951.000
-12.672 -15.596
26
36.044 11.657
577434.500 5094315.500
-31.001 -20.811
27
42.140 11.558
616151.500 5094923.500
-13.912 -4.017
31
48.238 11.498
654868.250 5095774.500
11.231 16.600
33
30.191 20.542
538367.062 5149506.500
25.995 -9.705
34
36.224 20.407
576734.000 5149871.000
-0.243 12.260
35
30.414 29.286
538013.938 5205067.000
-13.647 -14.605
36
36.403 29.150
576027.625 5205431.000
33.635 -10.730
37
42.264 20.304
615100.688 5150478.000
10.491 -8.177
38
42.381 29.055
614041.000 5206037.500
1.011
7.335
39
48.303 20.247
653466.875 5151328.500
10.343 17.943
40
48.361 28.995
652053.750 5206887.000
-20.624 10.250
****************************************************************************
Transformation reports for all coverages (contacts and faults, vents,
and folds) were identical, strongly suggesting that at least two of the
coverages had been transformed to common coordinates prior to our receiving
them. Visual inspection of plots made from the coverages suggests that
the root-mean-square error of 23 meters given in the transformation report
above may approximate the spatial precision of the digitization process.
We carefully checked the attributes of all lines and polygons, trying to remain faithful to the intent of Walsh and others (1987). Identities of several small polygons on the published paper map were ambiguous; these we identified by consulting the appropriate 1:100,000-scale compilation map (see list in Walsh and others, 1987) or, failing that, consulting with T.J. Walsh and J. Eric Schuster.
Some fault segments on the published map are symbolized as normal or strike-slip. Most map readers will carry this meaning to adjoining fault segments, but the extent to which such meaning carries along a fault is commonly ambiguous. We took a conservative approach, classifying most fault segments as fault and no more.
The Description of Map Units was scanned from the published map, processed
with optical character recognition software, proofed, and reformatted to
file swwa.dmu.
Locational accuracy of features on geologic maps is rarely defined and this map is no exception. The circa-23 meters spatial precision of the digitization process provides a lower bound on the error with which features are located by this map. Many geologists understand that well-located (continuous line) contacts and faults should be within a millimeter or so on the map of where the feature would be located if the map had no locational error. At 1:250,000 scale, a millimeter on the map corresponds to 250 meters on the ground. This may approximate the accuracy with which features are located on this map.
Presence or absence of faults in a given area on this map should be interpreted with some caution. Sophisticated users of the map will note that the abundance of mapped faults in the Willapa Hills (southwest portion of map) and Columbia Plateau (southeast corner) relative to the southern Cascade Range (east-central part of map) corresponds to the quality of outcrop and depth of geologic knowledge of these areas, not necessarily to a real contrast in the density of faults.
The accuracy with which earth materials are classified by this map is
unquantified. Familiarity with some of the geology shown on this map; knowledge
of source materials used in compiling the map; subsequent, more detailed
geologic study in some areas; and knowledge of the terrain in parts of
southwest Washington suggests that the map is reasonably good and that
some areas contain significant errors. Misclassification of the age of
material is likely to be more common than misclassification of lithology.
ITEM | TYPE(1) | WIDTH(2) | comment |
FNODE# | B | 4 | index# of start node (3) |
TNODE# | B | 4 | index# of end node (3) |
LPOLY# | B | 4 | index# of left polygon (3) |
RPOLY# | B | 4 | index# of right polygon (3) |
LENGTH | F | 4 | length of arc in meters (3) |
SWWAG# | B | 4 | record# (3) |
SWWAG-ID | B | 4 | should be unique for each feature |
LTYPE | C | 32 | values are plain text; see below |
notes: | (1) types are B: binary integer, C: character, F: floating point |
(2) width is in bytes (both input and output widths) | |
(3) item defined automatically by ARC-INFO |
values of LTYPE in SWWAG:
contactll = left-lateral; rl = right-lateral; dashed = approximately located; dotted = concealed
fault
fault dashed
fault dotted
ll strike-slip fault
ll strike-slip fault dashed
ll strike-slip fault dotted
map boundary
normal fault
normal fault dashed
normal fault dotted
rl strike-slip fault
rl strike-slip fault dashed
rl strike-slip fault dotted
thrust fault
thrust fault dashed
thrust fault dotted
ITEM | TYPE(1) | WIDTH(2) | comment |
AREA | F | 4 | area of polygon in sq meters (3) |
PERIMETER | F | 4 | perimeter of polygon in meters (3) |
SWWAG# | B | 4 | record# (3) |
SWWAG-ID | B | 4 | should be unique for each feature |
FORMATION | C | 7 | see swwa.dmu |
notes: | (1) types are B: binary integer, C: character, F: floating point |
(2) width is in bytes (both input and output widths) | |
(3) item defined automatically by ARC-INFO |
FORMATION corresponds to the label on each map-unit polygon, with the
following conventions:
PL | composite P and L for Pliocene | ||
# | bar-M for Miocene | ||
@ | vertical bar-O for Oligocene | ||
_C | subscript C |
Full text names of map units and unit descriptions, placed in the complete
Description of Map Units hierarchy, are in swwa.dmu--see DESCRIPTION
OF MAP UNITS, below.
ITEM | TYPE(1) | WIDTH(2) | comment |
FNODE# | B | 4 | index# of start node (3) |
TNODE# | B | 4 | index# of end node (3) |
LPOLY# | B | 4 | index# of left polygon (3) |
RPOLY# | B | 4 | index# of right polygon (3) |
LENGTH | F | 4 | length of arc in meters (3) |
SWWAS# | B | 4 | record# (3) |
SWWAS-ID | B | 4 | should be unique for each feature |
LTYPE | C | 32 | values are plain text; see below |
notes: | (1) types are B: binary integer, C: character, F: floating point |
(2) width is in bytes (both input and output widths) | |
(3) item defined automatically by ARC-INFO |
values of LTYPE in swwas:
anticlineDashed = trace of axis approximately located
anticline dashed
anticline dotted
away monocline
away monocline dotted
plunging anticline
plunging anticline dashed
plunging anticline dotted
plunging syncline
plunging syncline dashed
plunging syncline dotted
syncline
syncline dashed
syncline dotted
towards monocline
towards monocline dotted
There are no points or polygons in coverage SWWAS.
ITEM | TYPE(1) | WIDTH(2) | comment |
AREA | F | 4 | = 0 for all features(3) |
PERIMETER | F | 4 | = 0 for all features (3) |
SWWAV# | B | 4 | record# (3) |
SWWAV-ID | B | 4 | should be unique for each feature |
PTYPE | C | 13 | = vent for all features |
notes: | (1) types are B: binary integer, C: character, F: floating point |
(2) width is in bytes (both input and output widths) | |
(3) item defined automatically by ARC-INFO |
Element | Description |
1 | ID number (line number in file) |
2 | ID number of parent entry |
3 | rank in hierarchy |
4 | FORMATION (values equivalent to FORMATION item in SWWAG.AAT) |
5 | full unit name--bold face in formatted Description of Map Units |
6 | age--blank for all entries in this file |
7 | full unit description |
For example, entry 60 is FORMATION = En, full name = Middle to upper Eocene nearshore sedimentary rocks. Its parent entry is 59, which has full name = Nearshore, a third-rank heading. The parent entry of "Nearshore" is 55, EOCENE SEDIMENTARY ROCKS, a second rank heading. The parent of 55 is 1, SEDIMENTS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS, which has a parent of 0, indicating it is at the top of the hierarchy.
File swwa.dmu can be readily converted into a queryable database file,
but not an INFO file because most unit descriptions are longer than the
320-character maximum size of INFO items. File swwa.dmu also can readily
be transformed into a standard formatted DMU--indeed, this is how we created
DMU.doc and its offspring dmu*.prn.
&sys gzip -d swwadb.tar
&sys tar -xvf swwadb.tar
import cover swwag swwag
import cover swwas swwas
import cover swwav swwav
MAKING A MAP FROM THE DATA A digital representation of the base map used by Walsh and others (1987) is not available. Instead, we provide digital topography and instructions necessary to plot a map with a shaded-relief base. The digital elevation model (DEM) is a composite of quadrangle-format 10-meter and 30-meter DEMs, resampled at 60-meter intervals. The original DEMs are available from the U.S. Geological Survey (http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov).
The technique we use to make the geology-on-shaded relief map requires the GRID module of ARC-INFO.
A map can be made from the database by
(1) Importing digital geologic map data into ARC (above); but use file swwaplt.tar.gz (gzip -d swwaplt.tar; tar -xvf swwaplt.tar).Note that mkswwa.aml must be run PRIOR to and DURING the same ARC session as plotswwa1.aml or plotswwa2.aml in order to set up the sym relation!
2) Importing cover swwaclip into ARC
Arc: import cover swwaclip swwaclip
(3) Running macro imptswwazg.aml from the ARC prompt to convert BIL files for DEM swwazg to an ARC grid
(4) Running macro mkswwa.aml from the ARC prompt. This will take awhile. The macroLoads text file swwa.unit into INFO file SWWA.UNIT which describes symbolization of map units(5) When this preparatory work has been done, run macros plotswwa1.aml and plotswwa2.aml from ARCPLOT to
Sets up a relation between the geologic unit coverage and SWWA.UNIT
Dissolves the geologic map to a geologic polygon coverage (swwapcov)
Prepares a line coverage of faults, swwafcov, for more-pleasing symbolization of ornamented fault lines
Creates a clipgrid (swwaclipg) from cover SWWACLIP
Converts geologic polygon coverage to hue (swwahg) and saturation (swwasg) grids
Prepares a shaded-relief image from the DEM (swwashdg)
Converts the shaded-relief image to a value grid (swwavg)plotswwa1.aml:Plot a base-plus-geologic unit color layer with the GRIDCOMPOSITE HSVplotswwa2.aml:
command
Plot overlay patterns (uses inkjetpat.shd and fnt035 for patterns)
Plot contacts
Plot faults
Plot volcanic vents
Plot polygon labels
Draw a lat-long graticule
Draw a title boxPlot encapsulated Postscript files of the Description of Map Units (DMU)
Plot key-boxes for the DMU
Draw text for a line-and-vent legend
Positioning of DMU key-boxes is made easier by drawing a 1" cyan grid over the relevant portion of the map. (Enable &call plotgrid, line 21 in plotswwa2.aml.)
Shades and patterns we provide are similar to, but not identical with, those of Walsh and others (1987). These shades and patterns have been optimized for an HP650C plotter. If the map is prepared with these shades and patterns and output to other devices it will not look the same! For plotting on other devices and at other scales it may be necessary to modify the shades and patterns and (or) modify the macros mkswwa.aml, plotswwa1.aml, and plotswwa1.aml.
We chose not to plot fold axes, though this may be easily done.
The techniques used to generate a geology-on-shaded relief map are further
elaborated by Haugerud and Greenberg
(1998).
Walsh, T.J., Korosec, M.A., Phillips,
W.M., Logan, R.L., and Schasse, H.W., 1987, Geologic map of Washington
- southwest quadrant: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources,
map GM-34, 28 p., 1 pl., scale 1:250,000, and accompanying explanatory
sheet.