USGS: Biology arrow iconStatus & Trends Home arrow iconIssues arrow iconDiseases and Pathogens

Reports & Publications

None
Have a suggestion for new material?


Mysterious Bat Die-Off

Hibernating bats are dying by the tens of thousands in the northeastern United States, and a growing circle of top scientists is anxiously trying to figure out why. The mystery affliction, reported in New York, Vermont and Massachusetts, is dubbed "white-nose syndrome" because many affected bats had visible halos of white fungus around their More...

  • blank image

Salvaging Injured, Recently Dead, Ill, and Dying Wild, Free-Roaming Desert Tortoises (Gopherus Agassizii)

Salvage of injured, recently dead, ill, and dying desert tortoises is a very important part of recovery programs for these reptiles. Salvaged desert tortoises can provide a wealth of information about such subjects as health, disease, presence of heavy metals and other toxicants, and causes of mortality in populations. When tortoises are salvaged More...

  • blank image

Salmonid Immune Function

Anadromous salmonids are susceptible to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including at least 30 bacteria and viruses. Whereas the impact of these microorganisms on salmonids in wild and natural rearing areas is difficult to measure, losses from disease among hatchery salmonids are both common and well documented. The immunology laboratory More...

  • Image of young salmon fry infected with the kidney disease bacterium before they hatched from egg.

Foot and Mouth Disease in Europe - Fact Sheet (Wildlife Health Bulletin #01-01)

The ongoing pandemic of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in Europe and other parts of the world is of great concern to the North American Agriculture Community. FMD may also pose a significant threat to North American wildlife, including white-tailed deer, other deer species, feral pigs, bison, moose, antelope, peccaries, musk ox, caribou, sheep and More...

  • Elk

Fish Virus Molecular Biology and Genetics

Viral infections are common causes of disease outbreaks and mortalities in both wild and captive fish populations. Due to the long history of virus outbreaks there is a substantial body of knowledge about viruses within the field of fish pathology. This project involves research and development studies which create, modify and apply modern More...

  • Experimental viral competition system

Newly Identified Fungus Implicated in White-Nose Syndrome in Bats: Mysterious Bat Disease Decimates Colonies in the Northeast

It has been estimated that over 100,000 bats have died in the northeast due to a mysterious white fungus called White-Nose Syndrome (WNS). Scientists are finding within caves and mines a large number of bats with a white fungus on their muzzles and other parts of their bodies. It is uncertain as to how this fungus is being transmitted and its More...

  • blank image

White-Nose Syndrome Mystery: Something Is Killing Our Bats

Tens of thousands of hibernating bats died this winter in the northeast, and for unknown reasons. In and around caves and mines in eastern and upstate New York, Vermont, western Massachusetts, and northwestern Connecticut, biologists found sick, dying and dead bats in unprecedented numbers. In just eight of the affected New York caves, mortality More...

  • blank image

Heritability of Disease Resistance and Immune Function in Chinook Salmon, with Special Emphasis on Broodstock Culling to Control Bacterial Kidney Disease

Many diseases of trout and salmon persist in our cultured fish stocks today, despite improvements in fish culture practices and years of research on vaccines and chemotherapeutants. An excellent example is bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by the bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum. Infections by R. salmoninarum are considered by many to be More...

  • blank image

Effects of Swimming and Exhaustive Stress in Pacific Lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)

A management decision was made in 1994 to increase survival of migrating juvenile salmon by increasing the proportion of river water and fish passed via spill at Snake and Columbia river dams. One result of this action was an increase in dissolved gas supersaturation, which can lead to gas bubble disease in fish. This disease can lead to More...

  • Image of as bubbles in gill filaments.

Using Parasites to Monitor Ecosystem Health

Parasites can play a positive role in ecosystems. The USGS Western Ecological Research Center is working with the Channel Islands National Park in California to better understand how bacterial epidemics can protect kelp forests from overgrazing by sea urchins and how parasitic castrators might be used against invasive crabs. Researchers will More...

  • blank image

Studies on the Detection, Transmission, and Development of Renibacterium Salmoninarum Infections in Great Lakes Salmonid Fishes

Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum has been implicated as a significant factor in the 5-year decline of the chinook salmon populations in Lake Michigan that began during 1988. In 1999, researchers at the WFRC began a multi-year study in coordination with Great Lakes fishery biologists to examine the role of BKD in More...

  • Scientist with toolbox of immunological assays

Flying by Night: USGS Scientists Put Technology to Work on Bats

How do you study something that flies under cover of darkness? This question persistently troubles scientists investigating the mysterious lives of bats. The 45 bat species that occur in the continental United States play important roles in U.S. ecosystems as major predators of flying insects and pollinators of desert plants. Bats also play an More...

  • gloved hands holding bat that has radio transmitter attached to its back