Acknowledgments

The development of this manual was supported, in part, by several research grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. This manual was written by Drs. Alan J. Budney and Stephen T. Higgins under Contract Number N-01DA4-2205 with the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Dr. Lisa Onken, the NIDA Project officer, offered valuable guidance and comments throughout the preparation of this manual.

The material presented in this manual is the result of extensive research under the direction of Dr. Higgins and colleagues at the University of Vermont. The development of this therapy model for treatment of drug abuse is built on the work of Dr. Nathan Azrin and colleagues who first developed the Community Reinforcement Approach for treatment of alcoholism and Dr. Maxine Stitzer and colleagues who pioneered the use of contingency-management procedures in the treatment of illicit drug abuse. The work of many others was also quite valuable as is acknowledged in the relevant portions of this manual.

The assistance of many dedicated therapists and research assistants who participated in the clinical trials of this therapy protocol is gratefully acknowledged and appreciated.