Isotopic Composition of Water in a Deep Unsaturated Zone Beside a Radioactive-Waste
Disposal Area Near Beatty, Nevada
By David A. Stonestrom, David E. Prudic, and Robert G. Striegl
ABSTRACT
The isotopic composition of water in deep unsaturated zones is of interest
because it provides information relevant to hydrologic processes and contaminant
migration. Profiles of oxygen-18 (18O), deuterium (D), and tritium (3H) from
a 110-meter deep unsaturated zone, together with data on the isotopic composition
of ground water and modern-day precipitation, are interpreted in the context
of water-content, water-potential, and pore-gas profiles. At depths greater
than about three meters, water vapor and liquid water are in approximate equilibrium
with respect to D and 18O. The vapor-phase concentrations of D and 18O have
remained stable through repeated samplings. Vapor-phase 3H concentrations
have generally increased with time, requiring synchronous sampling of liquid
and vapor to assess equilibrium. Below 30 meters, concentrations of D and
18O in pore water become approximately equal to the composition of ground
water, which is isotopically lighter than modern precipitation and has a carbon-14
(14C) concentration of about 26 percent modern carbon. These data indicate
that net gradients driving fluxes of water, gas, and heat are directed upwards
for undisturbed conditions at the Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS). Superimposed
on the upward-directed flow field, tritium is migrating away from waste in
response to gradients in tritium concentrations.