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Table 247. | Full-time instructional staff with tenure for degree-granting institutions with a tenure system, by academic rank, sex, and control and type of institution: Selected years, 1993–94 through 2005–06 |
Academic year, control and type of institution | Percent with tenure | ||||||||||||||
All ranks | Professor | Associate professor | Assistant professor | Instructor | Lecturer | No aca-demic rank | |||||||||
Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | ||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
1993–94 | |||||||||||||||
All institutions | 56.2 | 62.6 | 42.7 | 91.9 | 92.8 | 87.7 | 76.8 | 77.5 | 75.1 | 14.4 | 13.6 | 15.5 | 38.3 | 10.8 | 26.0 |
4-year | 54.0 | 61.0 | 38.0 | 93.0 | 93.5 | 90.6 | 76.2 | 77.0 | 74.3 | 12.1 | 11.5 | 12.9 | 4.8 | 9.6 | 9.4 |
University | 54.3 | 61.0 | 35.8 | 94.1 | 94.5 | 91.3 | 78.0 | 78.6 | 76.4 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 7.3 | 5.7 | 10.5 | 9.9 |
Other | 53.8 | 61.1 | 39.4 | 92.1 | 92.5 | 90.2 | 74.9 | 75.7 | 73.1 | 15.7 | 15.4 | 16.0 | 4.4 | 8.3 | 8.7 |
2-year | 69.3 | 74.7 | 62.4 | 80.8 | 83.7 | 75.7 | 83.8 | 86.1 | 81.1 | 46.6 | 50.5 | 43.2 | 67.9 | 41.2 | 65.6 |
Public institutions | 58.9 | 65.4 | 45.6 | 92.6 | 93.6 | 87.5 | 80.8 | 81.6 | 78.9 | 17.1 | 16.1 | 18.5 | 45.5 | 7.2 | 28.6 |
4-year | 56.3 | 63.5 | 39.3 | 94.3 | 94.7 | 92.0 | 80.4 | 81.2 | 78.4 | 13.8 | 13.0 | 14.8 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 6.1 |
University | 57.0 | 64.2 | 37.2 | 95.6 | 96.0 | 92.5 | 83.9 | 84.4 | 82.6 | 7.6 | 7.0 | 8.6 | 3.1 | 1.0 | 7.0 |
Other | 55.7 | 62.9 | 40.8 | 93.2 | 93.5 | 91.7 | 77.5 | 78.3 | 75.5 | 18.1 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 5.1 | 9.8 | 4.9 |
2-year | 69.9 | 75.4 | 63.0 | 80.7 | 83.7 | 75.5 | 84.2 | 86.4 | 81.5 | 47.7 | 51.1 | 44.6 | 68.9 | 39.9 | 65.7 |
Private institutions | 49.5 | 56.0 | 35.4 | 90.3 | 90.8 | 88.1 | 67.6 | 68.1 | 66.5 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 6.8 | 21.9 | 18.8 |
4-year | 49.5 | 56.0 | 35.4 | 90.3 | 90.8 | 88.0 | 67.6 | 68.1 | 66.5 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 5.5 | 21.6 | 15.7 |
University | 48.4 | 54.1 | 32.9 | 90.8 | 91.1 | 89.1 | 63.2 | 64.1 | 60.6 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 10.4 | 30.0 | 15.4 |
Other | 50.3 | 57.5 | 36.8 | 89.9 | 90.5 | 87.4 | 70.2 | 70.7 | 69.1 | 11.6 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 16.3 |
2-year | 45.4 | 51.9 | 36.8 | 89.8 | 86.8 | 95.0 | 62.9 | 64.1 | 61.8 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 12.0 | 25.8 | — | 64.8 |
1999–2000 | |||||||||||||||
All institutions | 53.6 | 59.6 | 43.1 | 92.8 | 93.2 | 91.2 | 76.8 | 76.8 | 76.7 | 11.7 | 10.9 | 12.8 | 34.1 | 3.4 | 18.4 |
4-year | 51.5 | 58.3 | 38.5 | 92.9 | 93.2 | 91.5 | 76.3 | 76.5 | 76.0 | 9.1 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 4.9 |
University | 50.1 | 57.1 | 34.5 | 92.5 | 92.9 | 90.3 | 77.1 | 77.4 | 76.6 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.3 |
Other | 52.6 | 59.4 | 41.1 | 93.2 | 93.5 | 92.2 | 75.7 | 75.8 | 75.7 | 12.4 | 12.1 | 12.8 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 11.6 |
2-year | 67.7 | 70.6 | 64.6 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 89.9 | 83.2 | 83.3 | 83.1 | 53.5 | 55.9 | 51.6 | 60.9 | 21.1 | 64.5 |
Public institutions | 55.9 | 61.9 | 45.5 | 93.9 | 94.4 | 91.9 | 81.0 | 81.2 | 80.7 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 15.2 | 39.9 | 4.1 | 21.2 |
4-year | 53.1 | 60.3 | 39.3 | 94.2 | 94.6 | 92.5 | 80.8 | 81.0 | 80.3 | 10.0 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 4.0 |
University | 53.0 | 60.4 | 36.7 | 94.2 | 94.7 | 91.4 | 83.0 | 83.2 | 82.7 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 1.7 |
Other | 53.2 | 60.2 | 41.2 | 94.1 | 94.4 | 93.1 | 78.9 | 79.0 | 78.5 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 14.1 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 7.5 |
2-year | 67.8 | 70.7 | 64.6 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 89.8 | 83.4 | 83.5 | 83.4 | 53.7 | 56.0 | 51.8 | 61.0 | 21.2 | 64.4 |
Private institutions | 48.3 | 54.3 | 37.0 | 90.3 | 90.5 | 89.7 | 68.1 | 67.9 | 68.5 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 8.2 | 4.1 | 1.2 | 8.6 |
4-year | 48.2 | 54.3 | 36.8 | 90.3 | 90.5 | 89.7 | 68.1 | 67.9 | 68.5 | 7.4 | 6.8 | 8.2 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 7.2 |
University | 44.1 | 50.3 | 29.8 | 88.9 | 89.1 | 87.9 | 64.1 | 64.6 | 62.8 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 0.4 |
Other | 51.4 | 57.7 | 41.1 | 91.4 | 91.7 | 90.6 | 70.6 | 70.2 | 71.3 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 10.6 | 4.6 | 1.0 | 28.3 |
2-year | 59.9 | 60.3 | 59.6 | 95.9 | 92.0 | 100.0 | 60.0 | 66.7 | 55.8 | 33.8 | 40.0 | 30.0 | 50.5 | — | 68.8 |
2003–04 | |||||||||||||||
All institutions | 50.4 | 56.0 | 41.5 | 91.8 | 92.0 | 91.1 | 74.6 | 74.2 | 75.3 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 9.9 | 30.7 | 2.1 | 22.5 |
4-year | 48.2 | 54.6 | 37.2 | 91.9 | 92.1 | 91.3 | 74.2 | 73.8 | 74.8 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 3.9 |
University | 47.4 | 54.0 | 34.0 | 91.7 | 91.9 | 90.5 | 75.0 | 74.8 | 75.4 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
Other | 48.8 | 55.1 | 39.4 | 92.1 | 92.2 | 91.8 | 73.6 | 73.0 | 74.5 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 9.7 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 9.6 |
2-year | 65.2 | 68.2 | 62.2 | 90.6 | 91.3 | 89.7 | 81.2 | 82.0 | 80.5 | 45.6 | 48.4 | 43.2 | 57.2 | 22.1 | 69.8 |
Public institutions | 53.0 | 58.6 | 44.2 | 93.6 | 93.8 | 92.9 | 78.9 | 78.7 | 79.4 | 11.1 | 10.2 | 12.1 | 35.7 | 2.6 | 28.6 |
4-year | 50.2 | 56.9 | 38.5 | 93.9 | 94.0 | 93.7 | 78.7 | 78.4 | 79.2 | 7.5 | 7.0 | 8.2 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 4.4 |
University | 51.1 | 58.0 | 37.2 | 93.8 | 94.0 | 92.9 | 81.2 | 81.2 | 81.3 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 2.6 |
Other | 49.4 | 56.0 | 39.4 | 94.0 | 94.0 | 94.2 | 76.6 | 76.0 | 77.6 | 10.1 | 9.4 | 10.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 8.3 |
2-year | 65.2 | 68.3 | 62.2 | 90.5 | 91.3 | 89.6 | 81.3 | 82.1 | 80.6 | 45.9 | 48.8 | 43.5 | 57.2 | 22.0 | 69.8 |
Private institutions | 44.7 | 50.3 | 35.0 | 88.2 | 88.4 | 87.2 | 66.2 | 65.5 | 67.3 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 5.9 | 6.7 | 0.7 | 3.7 |
4-year | 44.6 | 50.3 | 34.9 | 88.2 | 88.4 | 87.1 | 66.2 | 65.5 | 67.3 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 0.7 | 2.8 |
University | 40.5 | 46.6 | 27.9 | 87.5 | 87.8 | 85.6 | 62.1 | 61.9 | 62.6 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Other | 47.9 | 53.6 | 39.3 | 88.7 | 89.0 | 88.0 | 68.7 | 68.1 | 69.7 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 7.2 | 1.8 | 14.0 |
2-year | 61.5 | 60.2 | 62.7 | 94.9 | 91.7 | 97.7 | 65.4 | 61.9 | 67.7 | 15.6 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 63.0 | 37.5 | 68.1 |
2005–06 | |||||||||||||||
All institutions | 49.6 | 55.2 | 41.0 | 91.3 | 91.6 | 90.5 | 73.6 | 73.0 | 74.5 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 28.4 | 1.8 | 26.1 |
4-year | 47.5 | 53.9 | 37.0 | 91.4 | 91.6 | 90.9 | 73.3 | 72.8 | 74.2 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 5.3 |
University | 46.7 | 53.3 | 33.9 | 90.8 | 91.1 | 89.2 | 72.5 | 72.1 | 73.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.9 |
Other | 48.1 | 54.4 | 39.0 | 92.0 | 92.1 | 91.9 | 73.9 | 73.3 | 74.7 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 12.7 |
2-year | 64.0 | 67.1 | 61.2 | 89.5 | 90.7 | 88.1 | 77.9 | 77.9 | 77.8 | 43.9 | 46.5 | 41.7 | 56.4 | 22.5 | 70.2 |
Public institutions | 51.5 | 57.1 | 43.3 | 92.8 | 93.1 | 91.8 | 77.7 | 77.3 | 78.4 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 10.6 | 33.8 | 2.3 | 29.9 |
4-year | 48.7 | 55.4 | 37.8 | 93.1 | 93.3 | 92.7 | 77.7 | 77.3 | 78.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 6.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 3.8 |
University | 49.5 | 56.1 | 36.5 | 92.8 | 93.1 | 91.4 | 78.9 | 78.8 | 79.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 2.0 |
Other | 48.1 | 54.7 | 38.7 | 93.4 | 93.4 | 93.6 | 76.8 | 76.0 | 78.0 | 8.8 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 7.5 |
2-year | 64.1 | 67.2 | 61.2 | 89.5 | 90.7 | 88.2 | 77.9 | 77.8 | 77.9 | 44.1 | 46.8 | 41.8 | 56.2 | 22.4 | 70.3 |
Private institutions | 45.2 | 51.1 | 35.5 | 88.3 | 88.5 | 87.6 | 65.4 | 64.7 | 66.6 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 9.8 |
4-year | 45.1 | 51.1 | 35.5 | 88.3 | 88.5 | 87.6 | 65.4 | 64.6 | 66.6 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.9 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 9.4 |
University | 41.5 | 47.9 | 28.8 | 86.8 | 87.2 | 85.0 | 59.4 | 58.9 | 60.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.6 |
Other | 48.0 | 53.9 | 39.7 | 89.5 | 89.7 | 89.1 | 69.2 | 68.8 | 69.7 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 30.0 |
2-year | 59.7 | 61.5 | 57.7 | 86.3 | 91.7 | 81.5 | 69.7 | 92.9 | 52.6 | 15.4 | 8.6 | 20.9 | 68.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
—Not available. NOTE: The coverage of this table differs from similar tables published in editions of the Digest prior to 2003. Previous tenure tabulations included only instructional staff classified as full-time faculty; this table includes all staff with full-time instructional duties, including faculty and other instructional staff. Data for 1993–94 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate's or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Guide to Sources for details.) SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1993–94 through 2005–06 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, "Fall Staff Survey" (IPEDS-S:93–99), Winter 2003–04, and Winter 2005–06. (This table was prepared September 2006.) |