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national
The Population Estimates Program produces monthly national population
estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin for the United States.
These estimates cover four different populations: resident population,
resident population plus Armed Forces overseas, civilian population, and
civilian noninstitutional population. All reference dates in the monthly
national estimates refer to the first of the month.
NOTE: All population figures for the year 2000 shown here (including
April 1, 2000) are based on the 1990 Census; they do not reflect
Census 2000 counts.
summary files |
Total Monthly
Population Estimates, 1980 to 2000 |
Annual Population
Estimates by Age Group and Sex, Selected Years from 1990 to 2000 |
Annual Population
Estimates by Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin, Selected Years
from 1990 to 2000 |
population by nativity |
National Population
Estimates by Nativity from 1990 to 1999 |
additional detail files |
Monthly Population
Estimates, 1990 to 2000 |
Quarterly
Population Estimates, 1980 to 1990
- The above population estimate files contain national
population estimates in the following detail:
- -Single Year of Age (0 to 100-plus)
-Sex
-Race (White; Black; American Indian, Eskimo and Aleut;
Asian and Pacific Islander)
-Hispanic Orgin (Hispanics can be of any race) |
Historical National
Population Estimates, 1900 to 1999 (8k) |
methodology |
1990 Census Base Corrections,
Adjustments, and Modifications. (7k) |
National Population Estimates.
(26k) |
state
The Population Estimates Program produces for states each year: total
population estimates, estimates by age and sex, and estimates by race
and Hispanic origin. The release of total population estimates at the
end of the calendar year also includes demographic components of change.
In the spring, the Program releases population by age and sex, presenting
tables for different age groupings as well as single year of age. A third
release in the summer presents estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin. All estimates are for the resident population unless noted
otherwise. The reference date for state estimates is July 1.
NOTE: All population figures are based on the 1990 Census; they do not
reflect Census 2000 counts.
total state estimates & demographic components of change |
State Population Estimates and Components of Population Change:
1998 to 1999 (15k) |
State Population Estimates and Demographic Components of Population
Change: 1990 to 1999 (15k) |
1990 to 1999 State Population Estimates:
Annual Time Series (20k) |
State Rankings of Population Change and Demographic Components
of Population Change: 1998 to 1999 (13k) |
State Rankings of Population Change and Demographic Components
of Population Change: 1990 to 1999 (12k) |
1998 to 1999 Demographic
Components of Change: Rates and Rankings (12k) |
1990 to 1999 Demographic
Components of change: Annual Time Series (80k) |
- The above population estimates were produced in cooperation
with the Federal-State
Cooperative Program for Population Estimates (FSCPE).
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maps |
Percent Change in Population: 1998
to 1999 (19k) |
Percent Change in Population: 1990
to 1999 (19k) |
1990 to 1999 Annual Time Series of State Population
Estimates by Age and Sex |
5-Year Age Groups by Sex
Uncompressed (531k) |
Compressed (167k) |
Selected Age Groups by Sex
Uncompressed (272k) |
Compressed (93k) |
These files are compressed. They must be uncompressed before use.
For information on using WINZIP and PKZIP/PKUNZIP see our
PKZIP information page. |
Single Year of Age by Sex |
Median Ages: 1990 and 1999 (8k) |
Median age of the population: April 1, 1990 (gif) |
Median age of the population: July 1, 1999 (gif) |
1990 to 1999 Annual Time Series of State Population
Estimates by Race and Hispanic Origin |
Race and Hispanic
Origin |
Age by Sex
by Race by Hispanic Origin |
1999 State Population Estimates Ranked by Race or
Hispanic Origin Population |
White |
Black |
American
Indian and Alaska Native |
Asian
and Pacific Islander |
Hispanic |
historical annual time series of state population
estimates and demographic components of change |
Note: The April 1, 1990 Census figures in the tables below are
shown as originally tabulated and do not reflect any post-Census
corrections or updates which may have occurred. |
1980 to 1990, by Single
Year of Age and Sex |
1980 to 1990, by 5-Year
Age Groups and Sex (362k) |
1980 to 1989, by Selected
Age Groups (43k) |
1980 to 1990 Demographic
Components of Population Change (38k) |
1981 to 1989, by Age, Sex, Race, and
Hispanic Origin |
1970 to 1980, by Selected Age Groups (123k) |
1900 to 1990 Total Population Estimates |
methodology |
Estimates of State and County
All-ages Population (26k) |
State Age-Sex Estimates(4k) |
Estimates of States by Age,
Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin (23k) |
county
The Population Estimates Program produces for counties each year: total
population estimates and county estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic
origin. The release of total population estimates in the winter also
includes demographic components of change. In the summer, the Program
releases the estimates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. The
reference date for county population estimates is July 1.
NOTE: All population figures are based on the 1990 Census; they do not
reflect Census 2000 counts.
1999 County Population Estimates and Demographic
Components of Change |
County Population Estimates for July 1,
1999 and Population Change: July 1, 1998 to July 1, 1999 |
County Population Estimates for July 1,
1999 and Population Change: April 1, 1990 to July 1, 1999 |
Demographic Components of Population
Change: July 1, 1998 to July 1, 1999 |
Demographic Components of Population
Change: April 1, 1990 to July 1, 1999 |
Within-State and National Rankings for
County Population Change: July 1, 1998 to July 1, 1999 |
Within-State and National Rankings for
County Population Change: April 1, 1990 to July 1, 1999 |
Demographic Components of Change for
Counties: Rates for July 1, 1998 to July 1, 1999 and
April 1, 1990 to July 1, 1999 |
Annual Time Series of Population Estimates
and Demographic Components of Change: April 1, 1990 to
July 1, 1999 |
- The above population estimates were produced in cooperation
with the Federal-State
Cooperative Program for Population Estimates (FSCPE).
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maps |
Percent Change in Population: 1998 to
1999 |
Percent Change in Population: 1990 to
1999 |
1990 to 1999 Annual Time Series of County Population
Estimates by Age, Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin |
Age by Sex |
Race by Hispanic Origin |
Race and Hispanic Origin |
Age by Sex by Race by Hispanic Origin |
Selected Age Groups |
1999 County Population Estimates Ranked by Race or
Hispanic Origin Population |
White |
Black |
American Indian and Alaska Native |
Asian and Pacific Islander |
Hispanic |
- See changes to county,
incorporated place, and county subdivision geography since 1990.
The following states have had legal county boundary changes since
1990: Alaska, Maryland, Montana, and Virginia.
- See population estimate changes
for counties in 1999 as brought about through the
challenge process
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historical county estimates files |
Note: The April 1, 1990 Census figures in the tables below are
shown as originally tabulated and do not reflect any post-Census
corrections or updates which may have occurred. |
1980 to 1990 Demographic Components of Change file of the U.S.,
States, and Counties
Dataset
only (240k compressed, 881k uncompressed)
Documentation
and Record Layout (6k) |
1980 to 1989 Population Estimates of the U.S., States, and Counties
Plain text (478k) |
Compressed File (149k) |
Excel (1.4M) |
These files are compressed. They must be uncompressed before use.
For information on using WINZIP and PKZIP/PKUNZIP see our
PKZIP information page. |
methodology |
Estimates of State and County
All-ages Population (26k) |
Estimates of Counties by Age,
Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin (28k) |
place and county subdivision
The Population Estimates Program (PEP) annually releases total population
estimates for places and, in selected states, county subdivisions (minor
civil divisions). The most recent release was in 2000, covering the years
1991 to 1999. The reference date for place and county subdivision population
estimates is July 1. For the 1999 estimates time series, the 1990 base
populations for all areas were updated for the first time since
the 1990 Census. The new time series reflects boundary and other geographic
changes. See "Geographic changes" below for additional information.
PEP produces estimates for all incorporated places; these places include
cities, as well as towns, boroughs, and villages, depending on the state.
PEP also produces estimates for governmentally functioning minor civil
divisions, which are legally defined county subdivisions (see
Population Estimates: Concepts). The population
estimates shown in these tables do not reflect any subsequent modifications
brought about through the formal challenge process.
NOTE: All population figures are based on the 1990 Census; they do not
reflect Census 2000 counts.
1990 and 1999 Population of Cities with Populations
of 100,000 or greater |
Sorted by 1999 population (28k) |
Sorted by 1990 to 1999 Percent Growth (28k) |
1990 and 1999 Population of Cities with Populations
of 10,000 or greater |
Sorted (within state) by 1999 Population
[ Uncompressed (295k)
| Compressed (89k) ] |
Sorted (within state) by 1990 to 1999 Percent Growth
[ Uncompressed (295k)
| Compressed (89k) ] |
1990 and 1999 Populations, With Numeric and Percent
Population Change |
Places [ Uncompressed (2.1M)
| Compressed (525k) ] |
These files are compressed. They must be uncompressed before use.
For information on using WINZIP and PKZIP/PKUNZIP see our
PKZIP information page. |
County Subdivisions (Minor Civil Divisions) |
maps |
Cities Over 10,000 Population, Growth
or Decline 1990-1999 [PDF 282k] |
[PDF] or
denotes a file in Adobe’s Portable Document Format.
To view the file, you will need the
Adobe® Acrobat® Reader
available free from Adobe.
|
Annual Time Series of Population Estimates, 1991 to
1999, and 1990 Census Population |
Incorporated Places (Sorted Within State) |
Incorporated Places (Sorted Within County) |
County Subdivisions (Minor Civil Divisions) |
Places and County Subdivisions (Minor
Civil Divisions) |
- See geographic changes
to places, county subdivisions, and counties since 1990.
- See population estimate changes
for places and county subdivisions in 1999 as brought about through the
challenge process.
- See terms, definitions, and errata (7k)
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methodology |
Subcounty Population
Estimates (12k) |
metropolitan areas
The Population Estimates Program releases metropolitan area total
population estimates in odd-numbered years, using current metropolitan
areas as defined by the Office of Management and Budget. The most recent
release was in 2000, covering the years 1991 to 1999. The reference date
for metropolitan area population estimates is July 1.
NOTE: All population figures are based on the 1990 Census; they do not
reflect Census 2000 counts.
metropolitan area population estimates |
Metropolitan Area Population Estimates: 1990
to 1999 (43k) |
Metropolitan Area Population Estimates: 1998
to 1999 (43k) |
Population Estimates for Metropolitan Areas and Components: 1990
to 1999
Printable File (422k) |
Downloadable File (408k) |
Metropolitan Area Rankings by Population Size and Percent Change:
1998 to 1999 (33k) |
Metropolitan Area and Central City Population Estimates:
1999 (137k) |
Population Estimates for Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas
by State: 1990 to 1999 (36k) |
New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) Population Estimates
and Population Change: 1990 to 1999 (2k) |
New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) Population Estimates
and Population Change: 1998 to 1999 (2k) |
Population Estimates for New England Metropolitan Areas (NECMAs)
and Components: 1990 to 1999 Print File (11k)
| Download File (11k) |
New England County Metropolitan Area (NECMA) and Central City
Population Estimates: 1990 to 1999 (10k) |
Metropolitan Area Population Estimates for Puerto Rico:
1990 to 1999 (6k) |
maps |
Percent Change in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Populations,
by Region and Division:
1990 to 1999 (9k) |
Percent Change in Metropolitan Population Inside and Outside
Central Cities, by Region and Division:
1990 to 1999 (19k) |
puerto rico municipios
The Population Estimates Program releases Puerto Rico municipio total
population estimates and demographic components of change each year. The
reference date for these estimates is July 1.
A municipio is the governmental unit that is the primary legal subdivision
of Puerto Rico; the Census Bureau treats the municipio as the statistical
equivalent of a county.
household and housing unit
The Population Estimates Program each year produces estimates of
households, housing units, distribution of households by age of
householder, and persons per household, by state. The reference date for
these estimates is July 1.
terms & definitions
- What is a population estimate?
The Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program (PEP) produces
July 1 estimates for years after the last published decennial
census (1990), as well as for past decades. Existing data series
such as births, deaths, Federal tax returns, medicare enrollment,
and immigration, are used to update the decennial census base
counts. PEP estimates are used in Federal funding allocations,
in setting the levels of national surveys, and in monitoring
recent demographic changes. A methodology reference accompanies
most of our population estimates offerings.
- How are estimates different from projections?
There is not a distinct dichotomy between population estimates
and population projections, but there are some differences in
time reference and derivation. Estimates usually are for the past,
while projections typically are for future dates. Estimates
generally use existing symptomatic data, for example, (births,
deaths, migration), collected from various sources. Projections
must assume future trends for fertility, mortality, and other
demographic processes. At the Census Bureau, the population
projections use the latest available estimates as starting points.
In our current product offerings the user may see both an estimate
and a projection available for the same reference date, which
may not agree because they were produced at different times. In
such cases, estimates are the preferred data.
- Revisions to estimates and geographic detail
With each new issue of July 1 estimates, PEP revises estimates
for years back to the last census. Previously released estimates
become superseded. Revisions to estimates are usually due to
input data updates, changes in methodology, or legal boundary
changes. The frequency of estimates and availability of demographic
detail vary by geographic level.
- Why does the Census Bureau produce estimates?
The legal requirement for the Census Bureau to produce subnational
population estimates is given in Title 13 of the U.S. Code. Title
13 states that: "During the intervals between each census
of population required under section 141 of this title, the
Secretary, to the extent feasible, shall annually produce and
publish for each State, county, and local unit of general purpose
government of fifty thousand or more, current data on total population
and population characteristics and, to the extent feasible, shall
biennially produce and publish for units of general purpose
government current data on total population." The reason for
producing estimates is given in Section 183 of Title 13:
"Except as provided in subsection (b), for the purpose of
administering any law of the United States in which population
or other population characteristics are used to determine the
amount of benefit received by State, county, or local units of
general purpose government, the Secretary shall transmit to the
President for use by the appropriate departments and agencies of
the executive branch the data most recently produced and published
under this title."
In other words, the Census Bureau produces subnational estimates
for use in the allocation of funds to state, county and local
governments. For this reason, the Census Bureau produces population
estimates for general-purpose functioning governments. These
governments have elected officials who can provide services and
raise revenue. In addition to states and counties, incorporated
places and minor civil divisions also serve as general-purpose
functioning governmental units.
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