USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

NOTES: Internationally coauthored articles have at least one collaborating institution from indicated country/economy and an institution from outside that country/economy. Article counts from set of journals covered by Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles classified by year they entered database, rather than year of publication, and assigned to region/country/economy on basis of institutional address(es) listed on article. Articles on whole-count basis, i.e., each collaborating country/economy credited one count. Countries with <1% of international total omitted. See appendix table 5-33 for all countries/economies included in each region. Detail adds to >100% because articles may have authors from more than two countries/economies.

SOURCES: Thomson Scientific, SCI and SSCI, http://scientific.thomson.com/products/categories/citation/; ipIQ, Inc.; and National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, special tabulations. See appendix table 5-35.

Science and Engineering Indicators 2008