| Table 5-21 |
| Rank in S&E article output, by country/economy and selected S&E broad field: 1995 and 2005 |
| |
| |
| |
|
All fields |
|
Engineering |
|
Chemistry |
|
Physics |
|
Geosciences |
|
Mathematics |
|
Biological
sciences |
|
Medical
sciences |
| Country/economy |
|
1995 |
|
2005 |
|
1995 |
|
2005 |
|
1995 |
|
2005 |
|
1995 |
|
2005 |
|
1995 |
|
2005 |
|
1995 |
|
2005 |
|
1995 |
|
2005 |
|
1995 |
|
2005 |
| |
| U.S. |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
|
1 |
| Japan |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
5 |
|
3 |
|
8 |
|
7 |
|
3 |
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
3 |
| UK |
|
3 |
|
3 |
|
3 |
|
5 |
|
6 |
|
8 |
|
6 |
|
7 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
4 |
|
5 |
|
2 |
|
3 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
| Germany |
|
4 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
|
6 |
|
3 |
|
4 |
|
3 |
|
4 |
|
6 |
|
5 |
|
3 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
|
4 |
| China |
|
14 |
|
5 |
|
8 |
|
2 |
|
11 |
|
2 |
|
7 |
|
3 |
|
15 |
|
7 |
|
9 |
|
3 |
|
20 |
|
7 |
|
21 |
|
11 |
| France |
|
5 |
|
6 |
|
6 |
|
7 |
|
5 |
|
6 |
|
5 |
|
5 |
|
4 |
|
6 |
|
2 |
|
2 |
|
5 |
|
5 |
|
5 |
|
7 |
| Canada |
|
6 |
|
7 |
|
5 |
|
8 |
|
10 |
|
12 |
|
9 |
|
12 |
|
3 |
|
4 |
|
5 |
|
10 |
|
6 |
|
6 |
|
7 |
|
6 |
| Italy |
|
8 |
|
8 |
|
10 |
|
10 |
|
8 |
|
10 |
|
8 |
|
8 |
|
9 |
|
9 |
|
6 |
|
6 |
|
7 |
|
8 |
|
6 |
|
5 |
| Spain |
|
11 |
|
9 |
|
15 |
|
12 |
|
9 |
|
9 |
|
11 |
|
11 |
|
11 |
|
10 |
|
10 |
|
8 |
|
11 |
|
9 |
|
11 |
|
10 |
| South Korea |
|
22 |
|
10 |
|
13 |
|
4 |
|
15 |
|
11 |
|
15 |
|
9 |
|
35 |
|
19 |
|
24 |
|
12 |
|
29 |
|
13 |
|
31 |
|
14 |
| Australia |
|
9 |
|
11 |
|
12 |
|
14 |
|
14 |
|
17 |
|
17 |
|
18 |
|
7 |
|
8 |
|
11 |
|
13 |
|
8 |
|
10 |
|
9 |
|
9 |
| India |
|
12 |
|
12 |
|
9 |
|
11 |
|
7 |
|
7 |
|
10 |
|
10 |
|
13 |
|
12 |
|
17 |
|
21 |
|
14 |
|
12 |
|
19 |
|
20 |
| Russia |
|
7 |
|
13 |
|
7 |
|
13 |
|
4 |
|
5 |
|
4 |
|
6 |
|
8 |
|
11 |
|
7 |
|
9 |
|
9 |
|
18 |
|
22 |
|
28 |
| Netherlands |
|
10 |
|
14 |
|
14 |
|
18 |
|
13 |
|
16 |
|
14 |
|
17 |
|
10 |
|
13 |
|
13 |
|
16 |
|
10 |
|
11 |
|
8 |
|
8 |
| Taiwan |
|
18 |
|
15 |
|
11 |
|
9 |
|
17 |
|
14 |
|
20 |
|
13 |
|
23 |
|
15 |
|
20 |
|
20 |
|
22 |
|
19 |
|
20 |
|
16 |
| Sweden |
|
13 |
|
16 |
|
16 |
|
19 |
|
18 |
|
21 |
|
18 |
|
19 |
|
12 |
|
18 |
|
15 |
|
18 |
|
12 |
|
14 |
|
10 |
|
12 |
| Brazil |
|
23 |
|
17 |
|
25 |
|
16 |
|
25 |
|
15 |
|
21 |
|
15 |
|
24 |
|
16 |
|
19 |
|
15 |
|
19 |
|
15 |
|
24 |
|
17 |
| Switzerland |
|
15 |
|
18 |
|
19 |
|
21 |
|
16 |
|
18 |
|
13 |
|
16 |
|
16 |
|
14 |
|
16 |
|
19 |
|
13 |
|
16 |
|
12 |
|
15 |
| Turkey |
|
34 |
|
19 |
|
26 |
|
17 |
|
29 |
|
20 |
|
37 |
|
25 |
|
29 |
|
21 |
|
44 |
|
27 |
|
34 |
|
24 |
|
25 |
|
13 |
| Poland |
|
19 |
|
20 |
|
18 |
|
20 |
|
12 |
|
13 |
|
12 |
|
14 |
|
27 |
|
29 |
|
14 |
|
14 |
|
25 |
|
23 |
|
28 |
|
26 |
| |
UK = United Kingdom
NOTES: Countries initially ranked on 2005 total article output. Article counts from set of journals covered by Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles classified by year of publication and assigned to country/economy on basis of institutional address(es) listed on article. Articles on fractional-count basis, i.e., for articles with collaborating institutions from multiple countries/economies, each country/economy receives fractional credit on basis of proportion of its participating institutions. China includes Hong Kong.
SOURCES: Thomson Scientific, SCI and SSCI, http://scientific.thomson.com/products/categories/citation/; ipIQ, Inc.; and National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics, special tabulations. Science and Engineering Indicators 2008 |
|
Source Data