U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY TOXIC SUBSTANCES HYDROLOGY PROGRAM--Proceedings
of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4018C
Volume 3 of 3
CONTENTS
Cover
Preface
Introduction, page 1
Acknowledgments, page 2
VOLUME 3 - SUBSURFACE CONTAMINATION FROM POINT SOURCES
KEYNOTE PAPERS
Scale considerations of
chlorinated solvent source zones and contaminant fluxes: Insights
from detailed field studies by B.L. Parker and J.A. Cherry, page
3
Selecting remediation
goals by assessing the natural attenuation capacity of ground-water
systems by F.H. Chapelle and P.M. Bradley, page 7
Sampling throughout the
hydrologic cycle to characterize sources of volatile organic compounds
in ground water by A.L. Baehr, L.J. Kauffman, E.G. Charles, R.J.
Baker, P.E. Stackelberg, M.A. Ayers, and O.S. Zapecza, page 21
Capabilities and challenges
of natural attenuation in the subsurface: Lessons from the U.S.
Geological Survey Toxics Substances Hydrology Program by B.A. Bekins,
A.L. Baehr, I.M. Cozzarelli, H.I. Essaid, S.K. Haack, R.W. Harvey,
A.M. Shapiro, J.A. Smith, and R.L. Smith, page 37
Fate of MTBE
relative to benzene in a gasoline-contaminated aquifer (1993-98) by
J.E. Landmeyer, P.M. Bradley, and F.H. Chapelle, page 59
Mass transport of methyl
tert-butyl ether (MTBE) across the water table and significance
for natural-attenuation remediation at a gasoline spill site in
Beaufort, South Carolina by M.A. Lahvis, R.J. Baker, and A.L. Baehr,
page 75
Aerobic mineralization
of MTBE and t-butanol by stream-bed-sediment microorganisms by P.M.
Bradley, J.E. Landmeyer, and F.H. Chapelle, page 87
Effects
of environmental conditions on MTBE degradation in model column
aquifers by C.D. Church, P.G. Tratnyek, J.F. Pankow, J.E. Landmeyer,
A.L. Baehr, M.A. Thomas, and Mario Schirmer, page 93
Equilibrium vapor method
to determine the concentration of inorganic carbon and other compounds
in water samples by R.J. Baker, A.L. Baehr, and M.A. Lahvis, page
103
Transport of methyl tert-butyl
ether (MTBE) and hydrocarbons to ground water from gasoline spills
in the unsaturated zone by M.A. Lahvis and A.L. Baehr, page 113
Long-term geochemical
evolution of a crude-oil plume at Bemidji, Minnesota by I.M. Cozzarelli,
M.J. Baedecker, R.P. Eganhouse, M.E. Tuccillo, B.A. Bekins, G.R.
Aiken, and J.B. Jaeschke, page 123
Chemical and physical
controls on microbial populations in the Bemidji Toxics Site crude-oil
plume by B.A. Bekins, I.M. Cozzarelli, E.M. Godsy, Ean Warren, M.E.
Tuccillo, H.I. Essaid, and V.V. Paganelli, page 133
Long-term monitoring of
unsaturated-zone properties to estimate recharge at the Bemidji
crude-oil spill site by G.N. Delin and W.N. Herkelrath, page 143
Coupled biogeochemical
modeling of ground-water contamination at the Bemidji, Minnesota,
crude oil spill site by G.P. Curtis, I.M. Cozzarelli, M.J. Baedecker,
and B.A. Bekins, page 153
Determining BTEX biodegradation
rates using in situ microcosms at the Bemidji site, Minnesota: Trials
and tribulations by E.M. Godsy, Ean Warren, I.M. Cozzarelli, B.A.
Bekins, and R.P. Eganhouse, page 159
Mineralogy and mineral
weathering: Fundamental components of subsurface microbial ecology
by P.C. Bennett, J.R. Rogers, F.K. Hiebert, and W.J. Choi, page
169
Aromatic and polyaromatic
hydrocarbon degradation under Fe(III)-reducing conditions by R.T.
Anderson, J.N. Rooney-Varga, C.V. Gaw, and D.R. Lovley, page 177
Electrical geophysics
at the Bemidji Research Site by R.J. Bisdorf, page 187
Impacts of remediation
at the Bemidji oil-spill site by W.N. Herkelrath, page 195
Ground penetrating radar
research at the Bemidji, Minnesota, crude-oil spill site by J.E.
Lucius, page 201
Investigating the potential
for colloid- and organic matter-facilitated transport of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oil-contaminated ground water by
J.N. Ryan, G.R. Aiken, D.A. Backhus, K.G. Villholth, and C.M. Hawley,
page 211
Inhibition of acetoclastic
methanogenesis by crude oil from Bemidji, Minnesota by Ean Warren,
B.A. Bekins, and E.M. Godsy, page 223
Polar metabolites of crude
oil by K.A. Thorn and G.R. Aiken, page 231
Patterns of microbial
colonization on silicates by J.R. Rogers, P.C. Bennett, and F.K.
Hiebert, page 237
Natural restoration
of a sewage plume in a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
by D.R. LeBlanc, K.M. Hess, D.B. Kent, R.L. Smith, L.B. Barber,
K.G. Stollenwerk, and K.W. Campo, page 245
Evolution of a ground-water
sewage plume after removal of the 60-year-long source, Cape Cod,
Massachusetts: Changes in the distribution of dissolved oxygen,
boron, and organic carbon by L.B. Barber and S.H. Keefe, page 261
Evolution of a ground-water
sewage plume after removal of a 60-year-long source, Cape Cod, Massachusetts:
Fate of volatile organic compounds by K.W. Campo and K.M. Hess,
page 271
Evolution of a ground-water
sewage plume after removal of the 60-year-long source, Cape Cod,
Massachusetts: Inorganic nitrogen species by R.L. Smith, B.A. Rea
Kumler, T.R. Peacock, and D.N. Miller, page 285
Evolution of a ground-water
sewage plume after removal of the 60-year-long source, Cape Cod,
Massachusetts: pH and the fate of phosphate and metals by D.B. Kent
and Valerie Maeder, page 293
Phosphorus transport
in sewage-contaminated ground water, Massachusetts Military Reservation,
Cape Cod, Massachusetts by D.A. Walter, D.R. LeBlanc, K.G. Stollenwerk,
and K.W. Campo, page 305
In situ assessment of
the transport and microbial consumption of oxygen in ground water,
Cape Cod, Massachusetts by R.L. Smith, J.K. Böhlke, K.M. Revesz,
Tadashi Yoshinari, P.B. Hatzinger, C.T. Penarrieta, and D.A. Repert,
page 317
Stable isotope composition
of dissolved O2 undergoing respiration
in a ground-water contamination gradient by Kinga Révész,
J.K. Böhlke, R.L. Smith, and Tadashi Yoshinari, page 323
Nitrification in a shallow,
nitrogen-contaminated aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts by D.N. Miller,
R.L. Smith, and J.K. Böhlke, page 329
Recharge conditions and
flow velocities of contaminated and uncontaminated ground waters
at Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Evaluation of 2H/1H,
18O/16O, and dissolved gases by J.K. Böhlke,
R.L. Smith, T.B. Coplen, Eurybiades Busenberg, and D.R. LeBlanc,
page 337
Determination of temporal
and spatial variability of hydraulic gradients in an unconfined
aquifer using three-point triangulation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts
by T.D. McCobb, D.R. LeBlanc, and K.M. Hess, page 349
Modeling the influence
of adsorption on the fate and transport of metals in shallow ground
water: Zinc contamination in the sewage plume on Cape Cod, Massachusetts
by D.B. Kent, R.H. Abrams, J.A. Davis, and J.A. Coston, page 361
Modeling the evolution
and natural remediation of a ground-water sewage plume by K.G. Stollenwerk
and D.L. Parkhurst, page 371
Multispecies reactive
tracer test in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions:
An overview by J.A. Davis, D.B. Kent, J.A. Coston, K.M. Hess, and
J.L. Joye, page 383
Multispecies reactive transport
in an aquifer with spatially variable chemical conditions: Dispersion
of bromide and nickel tracers by K.M. Hess, J.A. Davis, J.A. Coston,
and D.B. Kent, page 393
Effect of growth conditions
upon the subsurface transport behavior of a ground water protist
by R.W. Harvey, N.A. Mayberry, N.E. Kinner, and D.W. Metge, page
405
Mobilization and transport
of natural and synthetic colloids and a virus in an iron oxide-coated,
sewage-contaminated aquifer by J.N. Ryan, Menachem Elimelech, R.A.
Ard, and R.D. Magelky, page 411
Dual radioisotope labeling
to monitor virus transport and identifying factors affecting viral
inactivation in contaminated aquifer sediments from Cape Cod, Massachusetts
by D.W. Metge, Theresa Navigato, J.E. Larson, J.N. Ryan, and R.W.
Harvey, page 423
Installation of deep
reactive walls at MMR using a granular iron-guar slurry by D.W.
Hubble and R.W. Gillham, page 431
Monitoring a permeable
reactive iron wall installation in unconsolidated sediments by using
a cross-hole radar method by J.W. Lane, Jr., P.K. Joesten, and J.G.
Savoie, page 439
Robowell: A reliable
and accurate automated data-collection process applied to reactive-wall
monitoring at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod,
Massachusetts by G.E. Granato and K.P. Smith, page 447
Overview of research
on water, gas, and radionuclide transport at the Amargosa Desert
Research Site, Nevada by B.J. Andraski and D.A. Stonestrom, page
459
Isotopic composition
of water in a deep unsaturated zone beside a radioactive-waste disposal
area near Beatty, Nevada by D.A. Stonestrom, D.E. Prudic, and R.G.
Striegl, page 467
Tritium and 14C
concentrations in unsaturated-zone gases at test hole UZB-2, Amargosa
Desert Research Site, 1994-98 by D.E. Prudic, R.G. Striegl, R.W.
Healy, R.L. Michel, and Herbert Haas, page 475
Tritium in water vapor
in the shallow unsaturated zone at the Amargosa Desert Research
site by R.W. Healy, R.G. Striegl, R.L. Michel, D.E. Prudic, and
B.J. Andraski, page 485
Soil respiration at the
Amargosa Desert Research site by A.C. Riggs, R.G. Striegl, and F.B.
Maestas, page 491
Ground-water and
surface-water hydrology of the Norman Landfill Research Site by
Scott Christenson, M.A. Scholl, J.L. Schlottmann, and C.J. Becker,
page 501
Identifying ground-water
and evaporated surface-water interactions near a landfill using
Deuterium, 18Oxygen, and Chloride,
Norman, Oklahoma by J.L. Schlottmann, M.A. Scholl, and I.M. Cozzarelli,
page 509
Biogeochemical processes
in a contaminant plume downgradient from a landfill, Norman, Oklahoma
by I.M. Cozzarelli, J.M. Suflita, G.A. Ulrich, S.H. Harris, M.A.
Scholl, J.L. Schlottman, and J.B. Jaeschke, page 521
Evidence for natural
attenuation of volatile organic compounds in the leachate plume
of a municipal landfill near Norman, Oklahoma by R.P. Eganhouse,
L.L. Matthews, I.M. Cozzarelli, and M.A. Scholl, page 531
Dominant terminal electron
accepting processes occurring at a landfill leachate-impacted site
as indicated by field and laboratory measures by S.H. Harris, G.A.
Ulrich, and J.M. Suflita, page 541
Heterogeneous
organic matter in a landfill aquifer material and its impact on
contaminant sorption by H.K. Karapanagioti and D.A. Sabatini, page
549
Aquifer heterogeneity
at the Norman, Oklahoma, landfill and its effect on observations
of biodegradation processes by M.A. Scholl, I.M. Cozzarelli, S.C.
Christenson, G.N. Breit, and J.L. Schlottmann, page 557
Hydraulic conductivity
reductions resulting from clay dispersion within alluvial sediments
impacted by sodium-rich water by L.J. King, H.W. Olsen, and G.N.
Breit, page 569
Mapping the Norman,
Oklahoma, landfill contaminant plume using electrical geophysics
by R.J. Bisdorf and J.E. Lucius, page 579
Shallow-depth seismic
refraction studies near the Norman, Oklahoma Landfill by M.H. Powers
and W.B. Hasbrouck, page 585
Using molecular approaches
to describe microbial populations at contaminated sites by S.K.
Haack and L.A. Reynolds, page 593
Methane as a product
of chloroethene biodegradation under methanogenic conditions by
P.M. Bradley and F.H. Chapelle, page 601
Chlorinated ethenes
from ground water in tree trunks by D.A. Vroblesky, C.T. Nietch,
and J.T. Morris, page 607
Relative importance
of natural attenuation processes in a trichloroethene plume and
comparison to pump-and-treat remediation at Picatinny Arsenal, New
Jersey by T.E. Imbrigiotta and T.A. Ehlke, page 615
Unsaturated-zone air flow
at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey: Implications for natural remediation
of the trichloroethylene-contaminated aquifer by J.A. Smith, Whitney
Katchmark, Jee-Won Choi, and F.D. Tillman, Jr., page 625
Evaluation of RNA hybridization
to assess bacterial population dynamics at natural attenuation sites
by L.A. Reynolds and S.K. Haack, page 635
Temporal variations
in biogeochemical processes that influence ground-water redox zonation
by J.T. McGuire, E.W. Smith, D.T. Long, D.W. Hyndman, S.K. Haack,
J.J. Kolak, M.J. Klug, M.A. Velbel, and L.J. Forney, page 641
Natural attenuation of
chlorinated volatile organic compounds in a freshwater tidal wetland,
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland by M.M. Lorah and L.D. Olsen,
page 653
Integrating multidisciplinary
investigations in the characterization of fractured rock by A.M.
Shapiro, P.A. Hsieh, and F.P. Haeni, page 669
Exchangeable ions, fracture
volume, and specific surface area in fractured crystalline rocks
by W.W. Wood, T.F. Kraemer, and Allen Shapiro, page 681
Geostatistical simulation
of high-transmissivity zones at the Mirror Lake Site in New Hampshire:
Conditioning to hydraulic information by F.D. Day-Lewis, P.A. Hsieh,
A.M. Shapiro, and S.M. Gorelick, page 685
Microbial processes
and down-hole mesocosms in two anaerobic fractured-rock aquifers
by D.A. Vroblesky, P.M. Bradley, J.W. Lane, Jr., and J.F. Robertson,
page 695
Bedrock geologic framework
of the Mirror Lake research site, New Hampshire by W.C. Burton,
T.R. Armstrong, and G.J. Walsh, page 705
Integrating surface
and borehole geophysics--Examples based on electromagnetic sounding
by F.L. Paillet and J.W. Lane, Jr., page 715
Geophysical reconnaissance
in bedrock boreholes--Finding and characterizing the hydraulically
active fractures by F.L. Paillet, page 725
Relation between seismic
velocity and hydraulic conductivity at the USGS Fractured Rock Research
Site by K.J. Ellefsen, P.A. Hsieh, and A.M. Shapiro, page 735
Borehole radar tomography
using saline tracer injections to image fluid flow in fractured
rock by J.W. Lane, Jr., D.L. Wright, and F.P. Haeni, page 747
Integration of surface
geophysical methods for fracture detection in bedrock at Mirror
Lake, New Hampshire by C.J. Powers, Kamini Singha, and F.P. Haeni,
page 757
Characterizing fractures
in a bedrock outcrop using ground-penetrating radar at Mirror Lake,
Grafton County, New Hampshire by M.L. Buursink and J.W. Lane, Jr.,
page 769
Computer simulation of
fluid flow in fractured rocks at the Mirror Lake FSE well field
by P.A. Hsieh, A.M. Shapiro, and C.R. Tiedeman, page 777
Analysis of an open-hole
aquifer test in fractured crystalline rock by C.R. Tiedeman and
P.A. Hsieh, page 783
Effects of lithology
and fracture characteristics on hydraulic properties in crystalline
rock: Mirror Lake research site, Grafton County, New Hampshire by
C.D. Johnson, page 795
Characterizing recharge
to wells in carbonate aquifers using environmental and artificially
recharged tracers by E.A. Greene, page 803
CFC's in the unsaturated
zone and in shallow ground water at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire by
D.J. Goode, Eurybiades Busenberg, L.N. Plummer, A.M. Shapiro, and
D.A. Vroblesky, page 809
Modifications to the solute-transport
model MOC3D for simple reactions, double porosity, and age, with
application at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, and other sites by D.J.
Goode, page 821
Simulation of mass transport
using the FracTran98 Module of FracSys2000 by D.M. Diodato, page
833
Borehole packers for
in situ geophysical and microbial investigations in fractured
rock by A.M. Shapiro, J.W. Lane, Jr., and J.R. Olimpio, page 841
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