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Issue Papers
The TSP Issue Papers are developed to provide information on remediation technologies or technical issues of concern. All TSP Issue papers are listed below and are in Adobe Acrobat (PDF) format. All others available for a fee from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). Call (703) 487-4650 for price and ordering information.
If you do not have the Adobe Acrobat Reader loaded on your
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The Adobe Web Site. 
The papers listed below are categorized by TSP Forum:
Ground Water Forum Issue Papers
Engineering Forum Issue Papers
Federal Facilities Forum Issue Papers
Ground Water Forum
2008
EPA-540-R-06-072, July 2008
ECO Update / Groundwater Foum Issue Paper: Evaluating Ground-Water/Surface-Water Transition Zones in Ecological Risk Assessments (PDF) (30pp, 1.0MB)
2004
EPA 600-R-04-054, May 2004
Fingerprint Analysis of Contaminant Data:A Forensic Tool for Evaluating Environmental Contamination (PDF) (27pp, 820KB)
2002
EPA 542-S-02-001, May 2002
Ground-Water Sampling Guidelines for
Superfund and RCRA Project Managers (PDF) (53pp, 640KB)
2000
EPA 542-R-00-007, July 2000
Proceedings of the
Ground-Water/Surface-Water Interactions Workshop
Part 1 (PDF) (71pp, 1.4 MB)
Part 2 (PDF) (88pp, 4 MB)
Part 3 (PDF) (45pp, 598KB)
EPA 540-S-01-500, February 2000
Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and
Ground Water at Hazardous Waste Sites (PDF) (36pp, 182KB)
1999
EPA 540-S-98-500, April 1999
Fundamentals of Soil Science as
Applicable to Management of Hazardous Wastes (PDF) (24pp, 141KB)
1998
EPA 540-S-97-505, January 1998
Steam Injection For Soil And
Aquifer Remediation (PDF) (16pp, 662KB)
1997
EPA 540-S-97-502, April 1997
How Heat Can Enhance In-Situ Soil
and Aquifer Remediation (PDF) (18pp, 93KB)
1996
EPA 540-S-95-504, April 1996
Low-Flow (Minimal Drawdown)
Ground-Water Sampling Procedures (PDF) (12pp, 78KB)
1995
EPA 540-S-95-500, July 1995
Light Nonaquaeous Liquids (PDF) (28pp/248K)
EPA 540-S-95-503, July 1995
Nonaqueous Phase Liquids Compatibility
With Materials Used in Well Construction, Sampling, and Remediation (PDF) (20pp, 77K)
1994
EPA 540-S-94-505, October 1994
Natural Attenuation of Hexavalent
Chromium in Groundwater and Soils (PDF) (12pp, 467KB)
1993
EPA 540-S-93-503, February 1993
Suggested Operating Procedures for
Aquifer Pumping Tests (PDF) (23pp, 305KB)
1992
EPA 540-S-92-001, January 1992
Chemical Enhancements to Pump-and-Treat
Remediation (PDF) (20pp, 377KB)
EPA 540-S-92-002, January 1992
TCE Removal From Contaminated Soil and
Ground Water (PDF) (10pp, 50KB)
EPA 540-S-92-003, February 1992
In-Situ Bioremediation of
Contaminated Ground Water (PDF) (11pp, 131KB)
EPA 540-S-92-004, April 1992
Evaluation of Soil Venting
Application (PDF) (7pp, 70KB)
EPA 540-S-92-005, April 1992
Fundamentals of Ground-Water
Modeling (PDF) (11pp, 90KB)
EPA 540-S-92-019 August 1992
Potential Sources of
Error in Groundwater Sampling at Hazardous Wastes Sites (PDF) (28pp, 2.8MB)
EPA 540-S-92-018, October 1992
Behavior of Metals in Soils (PDF) (25pp, 238K)
EPA 540-S-91-005, August 1992
Survey of Laboratory
Studies Relating to the Sorption/Desorption of Contaminants on Selected Well
Casing Materials (EMSL-LV)
April 1992
Monitoring Well Development Guidelines for
Superfund Project Managers (PDF) (4pp, 166KB)
April 1992
Superfund Technical Review Process (PDF) (5pp, 518KB)
1991
EPA/540/4-90/054, January 1991
Reductive Dehalogenation of Organic
Contaminants in Soils and Ground Water (PDF) (12pp, 94KB)
EPA/540/4-91/002, March 1991
Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (PDF) (21pp, 688KB)
EPA/540/4-91/003, March 1991
Characterizing Soils for Hazardous
Waste Site Assessment (PDF) (16pp, 484KB)
1990
EPA/540/4-90/053, October 1990
Basic Concepts of Contaminant
Sorption at Hazardous Waste Sites (PDF) (7pp, 44KB)
1989
EPA 540/4-89/001, March 1989
Ground Water Sampling for Metal
Analyses (PDF) (6pp, 34KB)
EPA 540/4-89/001, March 1989
Accuracy of Depth to Water
Measurements (PDF) (3pp, 17KB)
EPA 540/4-89/003, August 1989
Facilitated Transport (PDF) (5pp, 32KB)
EPA 540/4-89/004, August 1989
Contaminant Transport in Fractured
Media: Models for Decision Makers (PDF) (8pp, 46KB)
EPA 540/4-89/005, October 1989
Performance Evaluations of
Pump-and-Treat Remediations (PDF) (19pp, 1.2 MB)
Engineering Forum:
2008
EPA 542-F-08-003, April 2008
Online Hazardous Waste Cleanup Technical Resources (PDF) (12pp, 564KB)
This issue paper is intended to
give the reader examples of some online technical resources that
can assist with hazardous waste cleanups in the Superfund, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and Brownfields
programs. Given the dynamics of online
resources, this paper provides only a snapshot of the resources
available at the time of publication.
2006
EPA 542-F-06-013, November 2006
In Situ Treatment Technologies for Contaminated Soil (PDF) (35pp, 929KB)
This issue paper provides summary information on a wide variety of in situ technologies for the treatment of contaminated soil in both the vadose zone and saturated and unsaturated zones. It presents information on common practices such as soil vapor extraction and bioventing and, less frequently used technologies such as in situ thermal treatment. The paper includes a basic description of the technology, its implementation, applicability based on contaminants and site characteristics, general limitations, costs, and status of the technology's application.
EPA 625-R-06-014, October 2006
Management and Treatment of Water
from Hard Rock Mines (PDF) (43pp, 1.8 MB)
The purpose of this document is to present the “state of the science”
regarding management and treatment of hard-rock mines.
EPA 600-R-06-072, August 2006
In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (PDF) (60pp, 2.5 MB)
This Engineering Issue Paper is intended to provide remedial project managers (RPMs), on-scene coordinators (OSCs), contractors, and other state, industry, or private remediation managers with information to assist in the evaluation and possible selection of appropriate in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) remedial alternatives.
2004
Introduction to Energy Conservation and Production at Waste Cleanup Sites (EPA 542-S-04-001) (PDF) (36pp, 443KB).
This issue paper, prepared by EPA’s Engineering Forum under the Technical Support Project, provides an overview on the considerations for energy conservation and production during the design and operation and maintenance (O&M) phases of waste cleanup projects. The paper presents four case studies highlighting energy conservation or production, including a site using landfill generated methane gas directed to operate microturbines. The issue paper also introduces an “energy checklist” as a suggested tool to help project managers consider energy conservation or production at their sites.
2002
Proven Alternatives for
Aboveground Treatment of Arsenic in Groundwater (PDF) (68pp, 605KB)
This
issue paper, developed for EPA's Engineering Forum, identifies and summarizes
experiences with proven aboveground treatment alternatives for arsenic in
groundwater, and provides information on their relative effectiveness and cost.
The four technologies included in the report are precipitation/coprecipitation,
adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration. The report describes the
theory and operation of each technique, available project-specific performance
and cost data, and limitations. The report also discusses special
considerations for retrofitting systems to meet the lower arsenic drinking
water standard (maximum contaminant level or MCL) of 10 ug/l.
More
arsenic treatment information is available at
http://clu-in.org/arsenic.
1997
January 1997, EPA 540-F-95-031
Thermal Desorption Implementation
Issues (Engineering Forum) (PDF) (8pp, 119KB)
January 1997, EPA 540-F-95-030
Soil Vapor Extraction
Implementation Experiences (Engineering Forum) (PDF) (10pp, 75KB)
1995
Determination of Background Concentrations of Inorganics in Soils and Sediments at Hazardous Waste Sites (PDF) (32pp, 210KB)
1993
December 1993, EPA 540-S-93-502
In Situ Bioremediation
of Vadose Zone Soils (SPRD-Ada)
December 1993, EPA 540-S-94-500
Considerations in Deciding to Treat
Contaminated Unsaturated Soils In Situ (PDF) (26pp, 2.2 MB)
1992
April 1992
Superfund Technical Review Process (Ground
Water & Engineering Forums) (PDF) (5pp, 518KB)
September 1992, EPA 540-S-92-014
Considerations for
Conducting Treatability Studies to Evaluate the Impact of Metals Partitioning
During the Incineration of Contaminated Soils From Superfund Sites (RREL)
October 1992, EPA 540-R-92-073
Construction Quality Management for Remedial Action and Remedial Design Waste Containment Systems (RREL)
1991
July 1991
Data Gaps in
Remedial Design (USACE) (PDF) (5pp, 343KB)
April 1991, EPA 540/2-91/009
Treatment of Lead-Contaminated Soils
(RREL) (PDF) (10pp, 241KB)
February 1991, EPA 540/2-91/004
Issues Affecting the Applicability and
Success of Remedial/Removal Incineration Projects (RREL)
Federal Facilities Forum
2005
May 2005, EPA 542-R-05-015
Perchlorate Treatment Technology Update (PDF) (84pp, 2.5 MB)
This issue paper has been prepared by EPA's Federal Facilities Forum to provide information about technologies available for treatment of perchlorate contamination in environmental media, including technologies that have been used to date and others that show potential for treating such contamination. Furthermore, this paper provides site-specific information on 51 projects where treatment technologies have been or are being applied for full-scale treatment or field demonstrations. A brief overview of key perchlorate issues, including health effects and risks, regulatory standards and cleanup levels, degradation processes, and treatment technologies, is provided to give the reader context. However, these issues are not addressed in depth in this paper.
1999
May 1999, EPA 600-S-99-002
Field Sampling And Selecting On-site Analytical Methods
For Explosives In Water (PDF) (47pp, 251KB)
1996
November 1996, EPA 540-R-97-501
Field Sampling and Selecting On-Site
Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil (PDF) (33pp, 270KB)