[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 17]
[Revised as of July 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR86.098-11]
[Page 375-377]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 86_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND
ENGINES--Table of Contents
Subpart A_General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later
Sec. 86.098-11 Emission standards for 1998 and later model year diesel
heavy-duty engines and vehicles.
(a) Exhaust emissions from new 1998 and later model year diesel
heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following:
(1)(i) Hydrocarbons (for diesel engines fueled with either
petroleum-fuel or liquefied petroleum gas). 1.3 grams per brake
horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient
operating conditions.
(ii) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled diesel
engines). 1.3 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.48 gram per megajoule),
as measured under transient operating conditions.
(iii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons (for natural gas-fueled diesel
engines). 1.2 grams per brake horsepower-hour (0.45 gram per megajoule),
as measured under transient operating conditions.
(2) Carbon monoxide. (i) 15.5 grams per brake horsepower-hour (5.77
grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating conditions.
(ii) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (methanol-,
natural gas-, and liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel only).
(3) Oxides of Nitrogen. (i) 4.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour
(1.49 grams per megajoule), as measured under transient operating
conditions.
(ii) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel
HDE families in any or all of the NOX or NOX plus
NMHC ABT programs for HDEs, within the restrictions described in Sec.
86.098-15 as applicable. If the manufacturer elects to include engine
families in any of these programs, the NOX FELs may not
exceed 5.0 grams per brake horsepower-hour (1.9 grams per megajoule).
This ceiling value applies whether credits for the family are derived
from averaging, trading or banking programs.
(4) Particulate. (i) For diesel engines to be used in urban buses,
0.05 gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.019 gram per megajoule) for
certification testing and selective enforcement audit testing, and 0.07
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.026 gram per megajoule) for in-use
testing, as measured under transient operating conditions.
(ii) For all other diesel engines only, 0.10 gram per brake
horsepower-hour (0.037 gram per megajoule), as measured under transient
operating conditions.
(iii) A manufacturer may elect to include any or all of its diesel
HDE families in any or all of the particulate ABT programs for HDEs,
within the restrictions described in Sec. 86.098-15 as applicable. If
the manufacturer elects to include engine families in any of these
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programs, the particulate FEL may not exceed:
(A) For engine families intended for use in urban buses, 0.25 gram
per brake horsepower-hour (0.093 gram per megajoule).
(B) For engine families not intended for use in urban buses, 0.60
gram per brake horsepower-hour (0.22 gram per megajoule).
(C) The ceiling values in paragraphs (a)(4)(iii) (A) and (B) of this
section apply whether credits for the family are derived from averaging,
trading or banking programs.
(b)(1) The opacity of smoke emission from new 1998 and later model
year diesel heavy-duty engine shall not exceed:
(i) 20 percent during the engine acceleration mode.
(ii) 15 percent during the engine lugging mode.
(iii) 50 percent during the peaks in either mode.
(2) The standards set forth in paragraph (b)(1) of this section
refer to exhaust smoke emissions generated under the conditions set
forth in subpart I of this part and measured and calculated in
accordance with those procedures.
(3) Evaporative emissions (total of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons plus
methanol) from heavy-duty vehicles equipped with methanol-fueled diesel
engines shall not exceed the following standards. The standards apply
equally to certification and in-use vehicles. The spitback standard also
applies to newly assembled vehicles.
(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000
lbs:
(A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec.
86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
(2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.5 grams per
test.
(B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
(C) Fuel dispensing spitback test: 1.0 gram per test.
(ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than
14,000 lbs:
(A)(1) For the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec.
86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per test.
(2) For the supplemental two-diurnal test sequence described in
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.5 grams per
test.
(B) Running loss test: 0.05 grams per mile.
(iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3) of this section
refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected under the
conditions and measured in accordance with the procedures set forth in
subpart M of this part. For certification vehicles only, manufacturers
may conduct testing to quantify a level of nonfuel background emissions
for an individual test vehicle. Such a demonstration must include a
description of the source(s) of emissions and an estimated decay rate.
The demonstrated level of nonfuel background emissions may be subtracted
from emission test results from certification vehicles if approved in
advance by the Administrator.
(B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than
26,000 lbs., the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(3)(ii) of this
section refer to the manufacturer's engineering design evaluation using
good engineering practice (a statement of which is required in Sec.
86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
(iv) All fuel vapor generated during in-use operations shall be
routed exclusively to the evaporative control system (e.g., either
canister or engine purge). The only exception to this requirement shall
be for emergencies.
(v)(A) At least 90 percent of a manufacturer's sales of 1998 model
year heavy-duty vehicles equipped with methanol-fueled diesel engines
shall not exceed the standards described in paragraph (b)(3) of this
section. The remaining vehicles shall be subject to the standards
described in Sec. 86.094-11(b)(3). All 1999 model year and later heavy-
duty vehicles equipped with methanol-fueled diesel engines shall not
exceed the standards described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
(B) Optionally, 90 percent of a manufacturer's combined sales of
1998 model year gasoline- and methanol-fueled light-duty vehicles,
light-duty trucks,
[[Page 377]]
and heavy-duty vehicles shall not exceed the applicable standards.
(C) Small volume manufacturers, as defined in Sec. 86.092-14(b) (1)
and (2), are exempt from the phase-in described in paragraph
(b)(3)(v)(A) of this section. For small volume manufacturers, the
standards of Sec. 86.094-11(b)(3), and the associated test procedures,
apply for the 1998 model year. Beginning in the 1999 model year, 100
percent compliance with the standards of this section is required. This
exemption does not apply to small volume engine families as defined in
Sec. 86.092-14(b)(5).
(4) Evaporative emissions from 1998 and later model year heavy-duty
vehicles equipped with natural gas-fueled or liquefied petroleum gas-
fueled heavy-duty engines shall not exceed the following standards. The
standards apply equally to certification and in-use vehicles.
(i) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to 14,000
pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in Sec.
86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 3.0 grams per test.
(ii) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of greater than
14,000 pounds for the full three-diurnal test sequence described in
Sec. 86.1230-96, diurnal plus hot soak measurements: 4.0 grams per
test.
(iii)(A) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating of up to
26,000 pounds, the standards set forth in paragraph (b)(4) of this
section refer to a composite sample of evaporative emissions collected
under the conditions set forth in subpart M of this part and measured in
accordance with those procedures.
(B) For vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating greater than
26,000 lbs, the standards set forth in paragraphs (b)(3)(ii) and
(b)(4)(ii) of this section refer to the manufacturer's engineering
design evaluation using good engineering practice (a statement of which
is required in Sec. 86.091-23(b)(4)(ii)).
(c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient
atmosphere from any new 1998 or later model year methanol-, natural gas-
, or liquefied petroleum gas-fueled diesel, or any naturally-aspirated
diesel heavy-duty engine. For petroleum-fueled engines only, this
provision does not apply to engines using turbochargers, pumps, blowers,
or superchargers for air induction.
(d) Every manufacturer of new motor vehicle engines subject to the
standards prescribed in this section shall, prior to taking any of the
actions specified in section 203(a)(1) of the Act, test or cause to be
tested motor vehicle engines in accordance with applicable procedures in
subpart I or N of this part to ascertain that such test engines meet the
requirements of paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section.
[58 FR 15801, Mar. 24, 1993, as amended at 58 FR 34536, June 28, 1993;
59 FR 48502, Sept. 21, 1994; 60 FR 43888, Aug. 23, 1995; 62 FR 54716,
Oct. 21, 1997]