[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 17]
[Revised as of July 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR86.090-9]
[Page 108-111]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 86_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND
ENGINES--Table of Contents
Subpart A_General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later
Sec. 86.090-9 Emission standards for 1990 and later model year light-duty
trucks.
(a)(1) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this
section shall apply to light-duty trucks sold for principal use at other
than a designated high-altitude location. Exhaust emissions from 1990
and later model year light-duty trucks shall not exceed (compliance with
these standards is optional for 1990 model year methanol-fueled
vehicles):
(i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle and diesel
light-duty trucks). 0.80 gram per vehicle mile (0.50 gram per vehicle
kilometer).
(B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and
diesel light-duty trucks). 0.80 gram per vehicle mile (0.50 gram per
vehicle kilometer).
(ii) Carbon monoxide. (A) 10 grams per vehicle mile (6.2 grams per
vehicle kilometer).
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(B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (for Otto-cycle
and methanol-fueled diesel light-duty trucks only).
(iii) Oxides of nitrogen. (A) For light-duty trucks up to and
including 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight, 1.2 grams per vehicle mile
(0.75 gram per vehicle kilometer).
(B) For light-duty trucks greater loaded vehicle weight, 1.7 grams
per vehicle mile (1.1 grams per vehicle kilometer).
(C) A manufacturer may elect to include all or some of its light-
duty truck engine families in the NOX averaging program,
provided that trucks produced for sale in California or in designated
high-altitude areas may be averaged only within each of those areas.
Petroleum-fueled and methanol-fueled engine families may not be averaged
together. Otto-cycle and diesel engines families also may not be
averaged together. If the manufacturer elects to participate in the
NOX averaging program, individual family NOX
emission limits may not exceed 2.3 grams per mile. If the manufacturer
elects to average together NOX emissions of light-duty trucks
subject to the standards of paragraphs (a)(1)(iii)(A) and (a)(1)(iii)(B)
of this section, its composite NOX standard applies to the
combined fleets of light-duty trucks up to and including, and over,
3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight included in the average and is
calculated as defined in Sec. 86.088-2.
(iv) Particulate (for diesel light-duty trucks only). (A) For light-
duty trucks up to and including 3,750 lbs. loaded vehicle weight, 0.26
gram per vehicle mile (0.16 gram per vehicle kilometer).
(B) For light-duty trucks 3,751 lbs and greater loaded vehicle
weight, 0.45 gram per vehicle mile (0.28 gram per vehicle kilometer).
(C) A manufacturer may elect to include all or some of its diesel
light-duty truck engine families subject to the standard of paragraph
(a)(1)(w)(A) of this section in the appropriate particulate averaging
program (petroleum or methanol), provided that trucks produced for sale
in California or in designated high-altitude areas may be averaged only
within each of those areas. Averaging is not permitted between fuel
types. If the manufacturer elects to average both light-duty trucks
subject to the standard of paragraph (a)(1)(w)(A) of this section and
light-duty vehicles together in the appropriate particulate averaging
program, its composite particulate standard applies to the combined set
of light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks included in the average and
is calculated as defined in Sec. 86.088-2.
(2) The standards set forth in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii)(A),
(a)(1)(iii), and (a)(1)(iv) of this section refer to the exhaust emitted
over a driving schedule as set forth in subpart B of this part and
measured and calculated in accordance with those procedures. The
standard set forth in paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(B) of this section refers to
the exhaust emitted at curb idle and measured and calculated in
accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart P of this part.
(b) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1990 and later model year light-
duty trucks shall not exceed (compliance with these standards is
optional for 1990 model year methanol-fueled vehicles):
(1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled light-duty trucks). 2.0 grams
per test.
(2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled light-duty
trucks). 2.0 grams per test.
(3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this
section refer to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and
measured in accordance with those procedures.
(c) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient
atmosphere from any 1990 and later model year light-duty truck.
(d)(1) Model year 1990 and later light-duty trucks sold for
principal use at a designated high-altitude location shall be capable of
meeting the following exhaust emission standards when tested under high-
altitude conditions:
(i)(A) Hydrocarbons (for petroleum-fueled Otto-cycle and diesel
light-duty trucks). 1.0 grams per vehicle mile (0.62 grams per vehicle
kilometer).
(B) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled Otto-cycle and
diesel light-duty trucks). 1.0 gram per vehicle mile (0.62 gram per
vehicle kilometer).
[[Page 110]]
(ii) Carbon Monoxide. (A) 14 grams per vehicle mile (8.7 grams per
vehicle kilometer).
(B) 0.50 percent of exhaust gas flow at curb idle (for Otto-cycle
and methanol-fueled diesel light-duty trucks only).
(iii) Oxides of Nitrogen. (A) For light-duty trucks up to and
including 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight, 1.2 grams per vehicle mile
(0.75 grams per vehicle kilometer).
(B) For light-duty trucks 3,751 lbs and greater loaded vehicle
weight, 1.7 grams per vehicle mile (1.1 grams per vehicle kilometer).
(iv) Particulate (for diesel light-duty trucks only). For light-duty
trucks up to and including 3,750 lbs loaded vehicle weight, 0.26 gram
per vehicle mile (0.16 gram per vehicle kilometer).
(2) The standards set forth in paragraph (d)(1)(i), (d)(1)(ii)(A),
(d)(1)(iii), and (d)(1)(iv) of this section refer to the exhaust emitted
over a driving schedule as set forth in subpart B of this part and
measured and calculated in accordance with those procedures. The
standard set forth in paragraph (d)(1)(ii)(B) of this section refers to
the exhaust emitted at curb idle and measured and calculated in
accordance with the procedures set forth in subpart P of this part.
(e) Fuel evaporative emissions from 1990 and later model year light-
duty trucks sold for principal use at a designated high-altitude
location, when tested under high-altitude conditions, shall not exceed:
(1) Hydrocarbons (for gasoline-fueled light-duty trucks). 2.6 grams
per test.
(2) Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent (for methanol-fueled light-duty
trucks). 2.6 grams per test.
(3) The standards set forth in paragraphs (e) (1) and (2) of this
section refer to a composite sample of the fuel evaporative emissions
collected under the conditions set forth in subpart B of this part and
measured in accordance with those procedures.
(f) No crankcase emissions shall be discharged into the ambient
atmosphere from any 1990 and later model year light-duty trucks sold for
principal use at a designated high-altitude location.
(g)(1) Any light-duty truck that a manufacturer wishes to certify
for sale at low altitude must be capable of meeting high-altitude
emission standards (specified in paragraphs (d) through (f) of this
section). The manufacturer may specify vehicle adjustments or
modifications to allow the vehicle to meet high-altitude standards but
these adjustments or modifications may not alter the vehicle's basic
engine, inertia weight class, transmission con fig u ra tion, and axle
ratio.
(i) A manufacturer may certify unique con fig u ra tions to meet the
high-altitude standards but is not required to certify these vehicle con
fig u ra tions to meet the low-altitude standards.
(ii) Any adjustments or modifications that are recommended to be
performed on vehicles to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (g)(1) of
this section:
(A) Shall be capable of being effectively performed by commercial
repair facilities, and
(B) Must be included in the manufacturer's application for
certification.
(2) The manufacturer may exempt 1990 and later model year vehicles
from compliance with the high-altitude emission standards set forth in
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section if the vehicles are not intended
for sale at high altitude and if the following requirements are met. A
vehicle con fig u ra tion shall only be considered eligible for
exemption if the requirements of either paragraph (g)(2) (i), (ii),
(iii), or (iv) of this section are met.
(i) Its design parameters (displacement-to-weight ratio (D/W) and
engine speed to-vehicle-speed ratio (N/V)) fall within the exempted
range for that manufacturer for that year. The exempted range is
determined according to the following procedure:
(A) The manufacturer shall graphically display the D/W and N/V data
of all vehicle con fig u ra tions it will offer for the model year in
question. The axis of the abscissa shall be D/W (where (D) is the engine
displacement expressed in cubic centimeters and (W) is the gross vehicle
weight (GVW) expressed in pounds), and the axis of the ordinate shall be
N/V (where (N) is the crankshaft speed expressed in revolutions per
minute and (V) is the vehicle speed expressed in miles per hour). At the
manufacturer's option, either the
[[Page 111]]
1:1 transmission gear ratio or the lowest numerical gear ratio available
in the transmission will be used to determine N-V. The gear selection
must be the same for all N/V data points on the manufacturer's graph.
For each transmission/axle ratio combination, only the lowest N/V value
shall be used in the graphical display.
(B) The product line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(D/
W)-0.9, where the constant, C, is determined by the
requirement that all the vehicle data points either fall on the line or
lie to the upper right of the line as displayed on the graphs.
(C) The exemption line is then defined by the equation, N/V = C(0.84
D/W)-0.9, where the constant, C is the same as that found in
paragraph (g)(2)(i)(B) of this section.
(D) The exempted range includes all values of N/V and D/W which
simultaneously fall to the lower left of the exemption line as drawn on
the graph.
(ii) Its design parameters fall within the alternate exempted range
for that manufacturer that year. The alternate exempted range is
determined by substituting rated horsepower (hp) for displacement (D) in
the exemption procedure described in paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section
and by using the product line N/V = C(hp/W)-0.9.
(A) Rated horsepower shall be determined by using the Society of
Automotive Engineers Test Procedure J 1349, or any subsequent version of
that test procedure. Any of the horsepower determinants within that test
procedure may be used, as long as it is used consistently throughout the
manufacturer s product line in any model year.
(B) No exemptions will be allowed under paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this
section to any manufacturer that has exempted vehicle con fig u ra tions
as set forth in paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section.
(iii) Its acceleration time (the time it takes a vehicle to
accelerate from 0 to a speed not less than 40 miles per hour and not
greater than 50 miles per hour) under high-altitude conditions is
greater than the largest acceleration time under low-altitude conditions
for that manufacturer for that year. The procedure to be followed in
making this determination is:
(A) The manufacturer shall list the vehicle con fig u ra tion and
acceleration time under low-altitude conditions of that vehicle con fig
u ra tion which has the highest acceleration time under low-altitude
conditions of all the vehicle con fig u ra tions it will offer for the
model year in question. The manufacturer shall also submit a description
of the methodology used to make this determination.
(B) The manufacturer shall then list the vehicle con fig u ra tions
and acceleration times under high-altitude conditions of all those
vehicle con fig u ra tions which have higher acceleration times under
high-altitude conditions than the highest acceleration time at low
altitude identified in paragraph (g)(2)(iii)(A) of this section.
(iv) In lieu of performing the test procedure of paragraph
(g)(2)(iii) of this section, its acceleration time can be estimated
based on the manufacturer's engineering evaluation, in accordance with
good engineering practice, to meet the exemption criteria of paragraph
(g)(2)(iii) of this section.
(3) The sale of a vehicle for principal use at a designated high-
altitude location that has been exempted as set forth in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section will be considered a violation of section
203(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act.
[52 FR 47865, Dec. 16, 1987, as amended at 54 FR 14462, Apr. 11, 1989]