[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 17]
[Revised as of July 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR86.090-2]
[Page 103-105]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 86_CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND
ENGINES--Table of Contents
Subpart A_General Provisions for Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later
Sec. 86.090-2 Definitions.
The definitions in Sec. 86.088-2 remain effective. The definitions
in this section apply beginning with the 1990 model year.
Averaging for heavy-duty engines means the exchange of
NOX and particulate emission credits among engine families
within a given manufacturer's product line.
Averaging set means a subcategory of heavy-duty engines within which
engine families can average and trade emission credits with one other.
Banking means the retention of heavy-duty engine NOX and
particulate emission credits, by the manufacturer generating the
emission credits, for use in future model year certification programs as
permitted by regulation.
Composite particulate standard, for a manufacturer which elects to
average light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks together in either the
petroleum-fueled or methanol-fueled light-duty particulate averaging
program, means that standards calculated using the following equation
and rounded to the nearest one-hundredth (0.01) of a gram per mile:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06OC93.007
Where:
PRODLDV represents the manufacturer's total petroleum-fueled
diesel or methanol-fueled diesel light-duty vehicle production for those
engine families being included in the appropriate average for a given
model year.
STDLDV represents the light-duty vehicle particulate
standard.
PRODLDT represents the manufacturer's total petroleum-fueled
diesel or methanol-fueled diesel light-duty truck production for those
engine families being included in the appropriate average for a given
model year.
STDLDT represents the light-duty truck particulate standard.
Dedicated vehicle (or engine) means any motor vehicle (or motor
vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated using a single
fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles and multi-fuel vehicles are not dedicated
vehicles.
Diesel means type of engine with operating characteristics
significantly similar to the theoretical Diesel combustion cycle. The
non-use of a throttle during normal operation is indicative of a diesel
engine.
Dual fuel vehicle (or engine) means any motor vehicle (or motor
vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated on two different
fuels, but not on a mixture of fuels.
Emission credits mean the amount of emission reductions or
exceedances, by a heavy-duty engine family, below or above the emission
standard, respectively. Emission credits below the standard are
considered as ``positive credits,'' while emission credits above the
standard are considered as ``negative credits.'' In addition,
``projected credits'' refer to emission credits based on the projected
U.S. production volume of the engine family. ``Reserved credits'' are
emission credits generated within a model year waiting to be reported to
EPA at the end of the model year. ``Actual credits'' refer to emission
credits based on actual U.S. production volumes as contained in the end-
of-year reports submitted to EPA. Some or all of these credits may be
revoked if EPA review of the end of year reports or any subsequent audit
actions uncover problems or errors.
Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer which serves in lieu of an emission standard for
certification purposes in any of the averaging, trading,
[[Page 104]]
or banking programs. FELs must be expressed to the same number of
decimal places as the applicable emission standard. The FEL for an
engine family using NOX or particulate NCPs must equal the
value of the current NOX or particulate emission standard.
Flexible fuel vehicle (or engine) means any motor vehicle (or motor
vehicle engine) engineered and designed to be operated on any mixture of
two or more different fuels.
Methanol-fueled means any motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine that
is engineered and designed to be operated using methanol fuel (i.e., a
fuel that contains at least 50 percent methanol (CH3OH) by
volume) as fuel. Flexible fuel vehicles are methanol-fueled vehicles.
Non-oxygenated hydrocarbon means organic emissions measured by a
flame ionization detector, excluding methanol.
Otto-cycle means type of engine with operating characteristics
significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. The use
of a throttle during normal operation is indicative of an Otto-cycle
engine.
Primary intended service class means:
(a) The primary service application group for which a heavy-duty
diesel engine is designed and marketed, as determined by the
manufacturer. The primary intended service classes are designated as
light, medium, and heavy heavy-duty diesel engines. The determination is
based on factors such as vehicle GVW, vehicle usage and operating
patterns, other vehicle design characteristics, engine horsepower, and
other engine design and operating characteristics.
(1) Light heavy-duty diesel engines usually are non-sleeved and not
designed for rebuild; their rated horsepower generally ranges from 70 to
170. Vehicle body types in this group might include any heavy-duty
vehicle built for a light-duty truck chassis, van trucks, multi-stop
vans, recreational vehicles, and some single axle straight trucks.
Typical applications would include personal transportation, light-load
commercial hauling and delivery, passenger service, agriculture, and
construction. The GVWR of these vehicles is normally less than 19,500
lbs.
(2) Medium heavy-duty diesel engines may be sleeved or non-sleeved
and may be designed for rebuild. Rated horsepower generally ranges from
170 to 250. Vehicle body types in this group would typically include
school buses, tandem axle straight trucks, city tractors, and a variety
of special purpose vehicles such as small dump trucks, and trash
compactor trucks. Typical applications would include commercial short
haul and intra-city delivery and pickup. Engines in this group are
normally used in vehicles whose GVWR varies from 19,500-33,000 lbs.
(3) Heavy heavy-duty diesel engines are sleeved and designed for
multiple rebuilds. Their rated horsepower generally exceeds 250.
Vehicles in this group are normally tractors, trucks, and buses used in
inter-city, long-haul applications. These vehicles normally exceed
33,000 lbs. GVWR.
Production weighted particulate average means the manufacturer's
production-weighted average particulate emission level, for
certification purposes, of all of its diesel engine families included in
the light-duty particulate averaging program. It is calculated at the
end of the model year by multiplying each family particulate emission
limit by its respective production, summing those terms, and dividing
the sum by the total production of the effected families. Those vehicles
produced for sale in California or at high altitude shall each be
averaged separately from those produced for sale in any other area.
Throttle means a device used to control an engine's power output by
limiting the amount of air entering the combustion chamber.
Total Hydrocarbon Equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass
emissions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, methanol, formaldehyde or
other organic compounds that are separately measured, expressed as
gasoline-fueled vehicle hydrocarbons. In the case of exhaust emissions,
the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1. In
the case of diurnal and hot soak emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon
ratios of the equivalent hydrocarbons are 2.33:1 and 2.2:1,
respectively.
[[Page 105]]
Trading means the exchange of heavy-duty engine NOX or
particulate emission credits between manufacturers.
Useful life means:
(a) For light-duty vehicles a period of use of 5 years or 50,000
miles, whichever first occurs.
(b) For a light-duty truck engine family, a period of use of 11
years or 120,000 miles, whichever occurs first.
(c) For an Otto-cycle heavy-duty engine family, a period of use of 8
years of 110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
(d) For a diesel heavy-duty engine family:
(1) For light heavy-duty diesel engines, period of use of 8 years or
110,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
(2) For medium heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 years
or 185,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
(3) For heavy heavy-duty diesel engines, a period of use of 8 years
or 290,000 miles, whichever first occurs.
(e) As an option for both light-duty truck and heavy-duty engine
families, an alternative useful life period assigned by the
Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (f) of Sec. 86.090-21.
(f) The useful-life period for purposes of the emissions defect
warranty and emissions performance warranty shall be a period of 5
years/50,000 miles whichever first occurs, for light-duty trucks, Otto
cycle heavy-duty engines and light heavy-duty diesel engines. For all
other heavy-duty diesel engines the aforementioned period is 5 years/
100,000 miles, whichever first occurs. However, in no case may this
period be less than the manufacturer's basic mechanical warranty period
for the engine family.
[55 FR 30612, July 26, 1990, as amended at 60 FR 34334, June 30, 1995;
62 FR 31233, June 6, 1997]