This is the residual class for electrical devices, circuits or
systems having an output not directly proportional to its input
and comprising at least one component which can provide gain or
can route electrical current and which device, circuit or system
does not form a complete system such as is classified specifically
elsewhere or a subcombination of utility only in such elsewhere classified
system.
(1)
Note. The scope of patents classified herein can be determined
only by determining the scope of other related classes which are
listed below under SEARCH CLASS. Also, consult search notes and
definitions of these classes.
(2)
Note. Typical active components are solid-state components,
vacuum tubes, and gas filled tubes. However, also included would be
components broadly claimed to have active properties, but which
are not specifically limited to a particular embodiment such as
a vacuum tube.
MAIN SUBDIVISIONS OF THIS CLASS
A. Specific Signal Discriminating (e.g., Comparing Or Selecting)
Without Subsequent Control
Included here are circuits for the comparison, selection,
or distinguishing of specific characteristics of either an input
signal or signals without continuous regulation of such characteristic.
B. Signal Converting, Shaping, Or Generating
Included here are circuits wherein: (a) an inherent input
signal parameter such as phase, frequency, amplitude or current
is modified, maintained at some value, or changed to an entirely
different parameter; (b) an input signal having a particular waveform
modified into an output signal having a partially or a completely
different waveform; or (c) an output signal of specified waveform
is produced.
C. Specific Input To Output Function
Included here are circuits wherein an output signal is proportional
to a mathematical expression involving an input signal or signals.
(1)
Note. Characteristically, the input signals are continuous
and slowly varying.
(2)
Note. Circuitry performing Boolean Algebra functions, per
se, are excluded from this class. See References to Other Classes, below.
(3)
Note. The input signals of this subclass do not contain information
(data). For data processing see References to Other Classes, below.
D. Gating (i.e., Switching Input To Output)
Included here are electron tube or solid-state gating circuits
which distribute unmodified input signals to selected outputs.
E. External Effect
Included here are circuits, not elsewhere classified responsive
to or compensating for an ambient nonelectrical condition such as
heat or magnetism.
F. With Particular Control
Included here are circuits where current or power to a broadly
recited device is controlled in response to a control signal. The control
signal may be derived from an external source or from a feedback
structure responsive to the condition of the load.
(1)
Note. Where a specific load device is recited, classification
will be in the particular class providing for the specific load device.
G. Specific Identifiable Device, Circuit, Or System
Included here are circuits having a particular structure,
arrangement, or construction not classifiable elsewhere.
H. Miscellaneous
Included here are systems or circuits not provided for elsewhere.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
ACTIVE FILTERS
The filters proper for this class include at least one active
device utilized in producing the transfer function defining the
frequencies that will be passed.
A filter in combination with a specific load will be classified
in the class providing for the load. See References to Other Classes,
below for filtering of data within an electrical digital calculating
computer or analog computer.
The filters within the Specific Identifiable Device, Circuit,
Or System area (see above) are active filters that suppress an unwanted
input signal. See Noise Filters below for additional noise filter
areas within Class 327.
NOISE FILTERS
Limiting, clipping, or clamping circuits which achieve transient
or signal noise reduction by filtering or otherwise are classified
in this class.
Compensation for a noise signal which is a by-product
of switching thereof is found in this class.
Miscellaneous unwanted signal suppression is classified in
this class.
See Subclass References to the Current Class below for these
art areas.
PHASE LOCK LOOP
A nonlinear phase lock loop circuit, per se, is classified in
Class 327. A phase lock loop circuit in combination with a special
art device, is classified with the special art device. For example,
a phase lock loop claimed in combination with an oscillator is classified
in Class 331, subclasses 172+, a phase lock loop in combination
with a telecommunication system is classified in Class 455, and
a phase lock loop in combination with a pulse or digital communication
system is classified in Class 375, subclasses 111+.
See Subclass References to the Current Class below for a phase
lock loop to synchronize one signal with another for the creation
of a replica signal.
DIGITAL LOGIC
Digital logic, per se, is classified in Class 326 and this includes,
for example, multiple connections of AND, OR, or NOT gates. However,
combinations of multiple AND or OR gates, etc., which perform a
particular function proper to some other class are classified in
that other class. For example, an AND gate claimed to be used as
a comparator, for example, will be classified in Class 327, whereas
a claimed AND gate, per se, would be classified in Class 326.
MULTIVIBRATOR
Patents reciting a free running astable multivibrator, per se,
are classified elsewhere. For example, see References to Other Classes
for a relaxation oscillator multivibrator.
Multivibrators having one or more stable states are classified
in Class 327. See Subclass References to the current Class.
Generally, detailed flip-flops, per se, are in this class, subclasses
185+; however, multifunctional or programmable logic having
a flip-flop is in Class 326, subclasses 37+ and redundant
logic having a flip-flop is in Class 326, subclass 12.
INTEGRATED STRUCTURE
An integrated circuit chip, per se, is classified in Class 257.
Lead frames, per se, are classified in Class 257 since these
are only used to connect an integrated circuit chip externally.
An integrated circuit chip in combination with a single lead,
a battery or bias without any additional circuit configuration,
is classified in Class 257.
An integrated circuit chip in combination with an external
circuit proper for Class 327 will be classified in Class 327 since
Class 327 is higher than Class 257 in the overall class hierarchy.
Circuit interconnections (e.g., point to point, lead interconnections,
diode and transistor interconnections, etc.) within the confines
of the integrated circuit chip itself are classified in Class 257,
whereas circuit interconnections outside the environment of an integrated
circuit chip are not.
If an integrated circuit is recited with other than a nominal
recitation of a utility, the patent will be classified in the utility
class.
CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES
CCD"s recited as part of the circuitry within an
integrated circuit chip are classified in Class 257.
CCD"s recited with other than a nominal recitation
of utility are classified in the utility class. See References to
Other Classes, below.
POWER SUPPLIES
Power supplies in combination with another art device, classifiable
elsewhere, will be found with the other art device. Tubes or solid-state
device power supplies for a nonlinear device, circuit, or system,
not elsewhere classified, will remain in this class (327).
A power supply in combination with a load, (i.e., a single
power supply and a single load) without any claim to a substrate
circuit is classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes,
below.
The power supply patents of this class, subclasses 530+ require
a nonlinear device, circuit, or system as a load or control for
the power supply. A claim to a power supply circuit in combination
with a substrate containing a nonlinear device, circuit, or system
is classified in Class 327.
SYSTEMS WITH SPECIFIC SOURCE OF INPUT ENERGY ONLY IDENTIFIED
BY CHARACTERISTIC
This class does not provide for the subject matter included
herein in combination with a specific type of electromagnetic wave
energy since the broad recitation of the specific source would be
classifiable with the art containing that particular source of energy.
However, this class will take the systems and networks of the class in
combination with a source of wave energy wherein the energy is expressed
only as being composed of a band of frequencies or a source of pulses,
etc., or wherein the source is recited by name only as a wave energy
generator (such as an oscillator, pulse generator, etc.). Where
the specific details of the source are recited such systems are
classified with the art which provides for systems utilizing such
specific source.
MECHANICAL STRUCTURE
Claims to a specific mechanical structure in combination with
generic circuitry are classified with the mechanical structure.
However, claims to broad mechanical structure in combination with
specific circuitry is classified in this class unless provided for
in a mechanical or electrical class and provided the circuitry is
nonlinear.
MEMORY CIRCUIT
A generic nonlinear circuit claimed with a memory inside the
circuit is classified in this class (327), whereas a claim to generic
circuitry in combination with a memory external to the circuit would
be classified with the memory class.
MONITORING, TEST OR CALIBRATING
The following areas reciting monitoring, testing or calibrating
take precedence over Class 327:
Class 73, subclasses 1.01+ for instrument proving
or calibrating; and subclass 865.9 for testing of apparatus.
Class 324, subclass 601 for calibration, and subclasses 74+ for
testing and calibrating of electric meters.
Class 342, subclasses 165+ for testing or calibrating
a radar system.
Class 348, subclasses 180+ for television monitoring
or testing.
Class 358, subclass 406 for facsimile measuring or testing.
Class 374, subclasses 1+ for thermal measuring and
testing.
Class 455, subclass 115 for measuring, testing or monitoring
of a transmitter and subclass 226 for measuring, testing, or monitoring
of a receiver. Only monitoring, testing, or calibrating, not elsewhere
classified, and related to nonlinear devices, circuits and systems
are classified in Class 327. The following are examples of those
found in Class 327: subclasses 20, 262, 292, 378, 509, and 538.
Class 600, subclass 486 for testing means inserted in the human
body.
Class 702, appropriate subclasses for testing and measuring
which includes a computation.
FUNCTION
Only those nonlinear circuits or systems whose function is
not specifically provided for elsewhere would be classified in this
class (327) subclasses 334+.
SWITCHING
See References to Other Classes, below for examples of other
areas for switching;
CIRCUITS WITH ELECTRON OR OTHER CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM TUBE
Only those nonlinear circuits utilizing electron or other charged
particle beams that are not classifiable in other areas would be
classified in Class 327.
Examples of electron or other charged particle beam tube circuits
classified elsewhere are the cyclotron and CRT circuits of Class
313.
MODULATION OR COMMUNICATION
Nonlinear circuits used in combination with a modulated signal
are classified in the classes containing the communication of information
via a modulated signal.
ELECTRICAL CONTROL OF MACHINES
Electrical control with a broad machine is classified with
the machine, if a class exists for the machine. Only those electrical
control patents, not provided for in the machine classes, would
be classified in Class 327, provided the circuit is nonlinear.
NEURON CIRCUITS OR NETWORKS
Patents reciting neuron simulator circuitry, per se, and neural
networks are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes
below.
FUSIBLE LINK AND INTENTIONAL DESTRUCT CIRCUIT
Miscellaneous circuits of this type are classified in this class
(327) subclass 525.
OSCILLATORS
Free running oscillators (including the asynchronous type)
are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes below.
PERSONNEL OR DEVICE PROTECTIVE CIRCUITS
Circuits used to protect personnel from harm, or protect devices
from failure (e.g., overload, power surge) are excluded from this
class. See References to Other Classes below.
SYSTEMS WITH SPECIFIC LOADS IN THE OUTPUT CIRCUIT
This class does not provide for the subject matter in combination
with a specific load device even though the load device is recited
by name only (as a motor, loud-speaker, etc.). Such systems are
classified in general with the particular art device constituting
the load.
AMPLIFIERS
This class does not include electronic circuits, per se, wherein
a variable electric current or voltage input signal is applied to
an electrical amplifying device to control a source of electrical
energy applied to the same device, and from which is derived an
output signal of substantially the same waveform as the input signal
and substantially linearly related thereto.
LINEAR DEVICE, CIRCUITS OR SYSTEMS
This class excludes linear resistors, reactive apparatus and
insulators, per se. Although the claimed solid-state device may
be active or passive and have some insulative or reactive properties,
it cannot be classified in this class if the device is generally
thought of as being only an insulator or reactive apparatus such
as a capacitor, inductor, transformer, motor, etc.
COUNTERS
See References to Other Classes for electrical pulse counters,
pulse dividers, or shift registers.
PASSIVE FILTERS
See References to Other Classes for filters utilizing lumped
or distributed parameter passive elements.
SPECIAL ART DEVICES
Special art devices are to be classified with the specified device.
GAS TUBE
Circuitry utilizing gas tubes not elsewhere provided for are
included here. See, Subclass References To The Current Class, below,
for an example.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for systems and apparatus for making
a measurement or test not provided for in other classes, particularly
subclasses 1.01+ for instrument proving or calibrating, and subclass 865.9
for testing of apparatus.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for telegraph apparatus and systems,
particularly
subclass 43 for space induction systems, and subclasses 66.1+ for
alternating or pulsating current telegraph systems.
Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate subclasses for electric switches and circuit
breakers and for electrical and mechanical switches.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for producing
chemical changes through the agency of electrical wave energy.
Electric Heating,
subclasses 600 through 780for induction, electro-static or electro-magnetic heating
systems and subclass 114 for welding circuits with space discharge
tube control.
Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for the detection of nuclear
or electromagnetic radiant energy, the testing of material by nuclear
or electromagnetic radiant energy, the irradiation of material by
nuclear or electromagnetic radiant energy, electron energy analysis,
the deflection or focussing of an ion or electron beam, and the
generation of control of nuclear or electromagnetic radiant energy.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State
Diodes), appropriate subclasses for particular nonlinear
solid-state devices, per se, also for an integrated circuit chip,
per se, and for lead frames, per se, since these are only used
to connect an integrated circuit chip externally. An integrated
circuit chip in combination with a single lead, a battery or bias
without any additional circuit configuration is classified in Class
257.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits providing electrical
transmission or interconnection such as those having plural energy sources
or plural loads and class appropriate switching systems, wave form
determinative networks, and circuits responsive to external effects
such as temperature or magnetism.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 326+ for circuits used to protect personnel from harm,
or protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power surge). (See "Personnel
Or Device Protective Circuits" above)
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses for the physical structure of electric
generators and motors and electromagnetic clutches and for the circuits
that relate to electromagnetic clutches, and particularly
subclasses 314+ for piezoelectric devices in combination with tube
structure where the significant structure claimed is that of the
crystal, and the tube structure or circuitry is only incidentally
claimed.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses for electric lamp and discharge
devices of the arc discharge type which may be combined with an electron
space discharge tube.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits in combination with
charged particle beam tubes, cathode-ray tubes or electric lamp
and space discharge devices, particularly
subclasses 8.51+ for pulse storage systems utilizing cathode-ray
tubes, and subclasses 84.51+ for pulse storing systems
comprised exclusively of gaseous discharge tubes.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging, appropriate subclass for a battery or capacitor
charging or discharging application that employs a space-discharge
device.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, for a power supply in combination with a load,
(i.e., a single power supply and a single load) without any claim
to a substrate circuit (See "Power Supplies" above).
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, for circuitry for performing Boolean Algebra functions,
per se. (See Class Definition, "Specific Input To Output
Function" above)
Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for electron space discharge tube
apparatus combined with circuitry to form an amplifier system and
subclasses 250+ for semiconductor amplifiers.
Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for electron space discharge tube
or solid-state apparatus combined with tuned circuit apparatus forming an
oscillatory system of the self-sustaining type, an asynchronous
oscillator, per se, or in combination with other circuitry or an
oscillator combined with a phase lock loop without any intelligence
claimed;
subclasses 8+ for transistorized automatic frequency control
for oscillators; and subclasses 108+ for solid-state oscillators.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 19 for passive element wave differentiating or integrating
systems, subclasses 24+ for passive filters, and subclass
20 for wave shaping networks of the passive element type; subclasses
167+, 186+, and 202+ for filters utilizing
lumped or distributed parameter passive elements.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 146.2 for digital comparator systems, subclass 825.97 for
electron beam type selective or remote control systems, subclass
825.57 for pulse responsive selective systems, subclass 825.67 for pulse
responsive counting chains which may employ an electron space discharge
device, and subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems. (also
see "Charge Coupled Devices" above)
Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 50+ for code converters and subclasses 20+,
186, and 191 for a pulse transmitter or generator having a space
discharge device.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems
and Devices (e.g., radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate subclasses for systems for object detection
and utilizing pulse radio wave forms and
subclass 165 for testing or calibrating a radar system.
Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 3+ for systems using light for distance finding and subclasses
26+ for light systems for the determination of velocity.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1+ for safety and protection of systems and devices,
subclasses 100+ for current fault sensor with semiconductor
circuit interrupter, subclasses 139+ for control circuits
for electromagnetic devices, and subclasses 196+ for control
circuits for electromagnetic devices with time delay including a
semiconductor device.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1+ for circuits used to protect personnel from harm,
or protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power surge).
(See "Personnel Or Device Protective Circuits" above)
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits utilized in electric conversion
systems where a single electrical source is connected to a single
electrical load and particularly
subclasses 94 , 99, 111+, 151, and 166 for systems whereby
a current or voltage of one characteristic is converted to a current
or voltage of another characteristic and utilizing electron space
discharge devices.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 73+ for recirculation of information in a storage
read/write system, subclass 78 for plural shift register
memory devices, subclasses 80+ for magnetic shift register,
per se, subclasses 129+ for storage systems using a particular
storage element, subclass 189.011 for read/write circuits
peculiar to a storage and retrieval system, and subclasses 230.01+ for
addressing circuits peculiar to a storage and retrieval system.
(Also see "Charge Coupled Devices" above).
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for electrical pulse counters, dividers,
and shift registers and particularly
subclasses 57+ for charge coupled devices used as a counter, pulse
divider, or shift register. (Also see "Charge Coupled
Devices" above)
Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 94.1+ for noise suppressing audio circuitry and subclass
111 for circuitry combined with a specific type of microphone or
loudspeaker.
Photography, appropriate subclasses for apparatus producing pictures
on light sensitive material which may utilize electronic devices.
(Also see "Charge Coupled Devices" above).
Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or
Device Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for circuits utilized in
the manufacture or repair of electric lamp or electric space discharge
devices.
Data Processing: Intelligent Processing Systems
and Methods,
subclasses 15+ for neural circuits and networks. (See "Neuron
Circuits Or Networks" above).
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 300+ for digital filters unique to digital computing
, subclass 540 for the performance of arithmetic operations by a
CRT, subclass 819 for analog filters which are unique to analog
computing, and subclass 849 for analog function generation which
utilizes a CRT. (See "Active Filters", above.)
SPECIFIC SIGNAL DISCRIMINATING (E.G., COMPARING, SELECTING,
ETC.) WITHOUT SUBSEQUENT CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an output signal is derived from
one or more input signals by comparing, selecting, or distinguishing
a particular input signal parameter and which parameter is not continuously
thereafter regulated.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 250 for wave meters, subclasses 281+ for systems
adapted for ionic separation or analysis and comprising phase or
frequency determining devices.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.39+ for frequency measuring or testing of electricity
and subclasses 76.77+ for phase comparison systems for
measuring or testing electricity and involving plural inputs.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 3.1 through 3.9,315, and 870.18-870.24 for electrical circuits whereby
an indication or signal is transmitted to a distant point and which
signal is indicative of an electrical condition which may comprise phase
or frequency difference; and subclass 146.2 for digital comparator systems.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for error detection or correction
of information content of a digital signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is that fractional part of a periodic waveform which has elapsed
relative to a fixed origin.
(1)
Note. If the time for one signal period is represented as
360 degrees along a time axis, the phase position is called the phase
angle.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for systems for stabilizing the frequency of an
oscillator utilizing phase or frequency comparison devices, and
subclasses 37+ for systems wherein two or more frequencies
are combined to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of
the phase positioning or phase differences among two or more input
signals.
(1)
Note. Detectors producing an output which is a result of
demodulation of a carrier having previously been modulated by an
intelligence waveform which varies arbitrarily will not be classified here.
See SEARCH CLASS below.
Demodulators,
subclasses 345+ for circuits producing an output which is a result
of demodulation of a carrier having previously been phase modulated
by an intelligence waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein a device is included that converts
energy forms other than electrical into electrical energy.
(1)
Note. The other energy forms may be mechanical, thermal,
hydraulic, or chemical, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter including a vacuum tube device or a gaseous
medium within a gas tight envelope in which electron conduction
takes place through the vacuum or gas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein the reference signal varies over
a range of different frequencies or the reference signal is compared
to different frequency signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein a reference signal is derived by
representation of an input signal at intermittently timed intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another adjacent
circuit at a constant frequency.
(1)
Note. A transformer changes voltage in direct proportion
to the ratio of the number of turns of its primary and secondary windings.
Subject matter under 3 wherein the phase comparison (a)
includes a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR,
or exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific phase comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 296+ for static or noise elimination in radio receivers
which may depend upon the slope or shape of the pulse present in
the input signal applied to the receiver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein the predetermined geometric configuration
is signal rate of change.
(1)
Note. The rate of change may be determined by digital means
(such as counters) or analog means (such as slope detection using
a charging capacitor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein a signal of predetermined shape acts
as a constant for comparison to a variable input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is indicative of
an unexpected occurrence or lack of occurrence of a pulse in either
a clocking signal or a predetermined sequence of pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein a particular pulse among plural pulses
input during a particular time interval is selected based upon a
predetermined priority arrangement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the detection of an undesired absent
or present pulse produces an output signal which indicates a failure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulses are not received simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals occur simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein a beginning or trailing end of a
pulse is determined to occur simultaneously with a corresponding
beginning or trailing end of another pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals having the same time interval between
consecutive pulses occur simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is its
positive or negative orientation with respect to a fixed origin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter wherein an output signal results from comparing
pulses which have or are expected to have differing polarities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is (a)
a time interval between a leading edge and a trailing edge of a
single pulse or (b) a time interval between a trailing edge and
a leading edge of two consecutive pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter including a resonant circuit which oscillates
at its natural frequency upon application of an electrical impulse.
Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for use
in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and capacitance
elements in circuit arrangement to form a resonant circuit and in
which structure is provided for adjusting one or both of these elements
for changing the mean resonant frequency of the circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal does not include
portions of the input signal having a pulse width shorter than a
predetermined time interval.
(1)
Note. Narrow or short pulse (spurious) duration in a system
may be noise, which is unwanted disturbances superimposed upon a
useful signal and which tends to obscure its information content.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein (a) an input pulse signal is divided
between long and short pulses contained therein or (b) a space is
inserted between the trailing edge of a pulse and the leading edge
of the next pulse or (c) a spacing between pulses is detected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of
the pulse width difference between an input pulse signal and a set
value or predetermined standard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more
than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output
terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated signal parameter
relates to the number of times a signal repeats its basic waveform
within a unit of time.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.19+ for a frequency spectrum analyzer and subclasses 76.39+ for
measuring and testing of the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for systems for stabilizing the frequency of an
oscillator utilizing phase or frequency comparison devices and subclasses
37+ for systems wherein two or more frequencies are combined
to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal is a function of
the differences among two or more input signal frequencies.
(1)
Note. Systems wherein the claimed subject matter includes
apparatus which responds only when a noninformation bearing input
signal is in synchronism with a control signal locally generated (synchronous
detectors) and which are not claimed as an integral part of a more comprehensive
system will be classified herein. Detectors producing an output which
is a result of demodulation of a carrier having previously been
modulated by an intelligence waveform which varies arbitrarily will
not be classified here. See SEARCH CLASS, below.
Demodulators, appropriate subclasses for a circuit having an output which
is a result of demodulation of a carrier having previously been
frequency modulated by an intelligence waveform.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 130+ , for mixers or converters utilized in a superheterodyne
receiver (commonly referred to as a first detector), and subclasses
313+ for combining frequencies in a receiver to produce
a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the output signal provides an indication
of the maintenance of precise matching between two or more input signal
frequencies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein a signal of constant frequency acts
as a standard for comparison to a variable input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the frequency comparison of plural
signals (a) includes a device performing Boolean functions such
as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device having two
stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific frequency comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal consists of a chosen
input signal having a specific frequency characteristic.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein (a) the predetermined signal frequency
selected is derived by representation of another known signal frequency
at intermittent time intervals or (b) wherein a signal of fixed
frequency is utilized in the frequency selection.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 311+ for frequency detection/filtering using
an electrical digital calculating computer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the output signal is incremented
or decremented at a predetermined interval thereby forming a variable
duty cycle according to the changes in the input frequency signal.
(1)
Note. A counter is a device capable of changing between a
sequence of distinguishable states upon each receipt of an input
signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the frequency detection (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific frequency detection
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified, is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is the magnitude of an electrical energy waveform measured with
respect to a fixed origin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein low-level voltages (e.g., CCD charges,
capacitive stored signal levels, etc.) are detected and increased
in magnitude from one level to another.
(1)
Note. The voltage amplitude or storage charge levels detected
in this subclass include the type of levels found in storage memory
cells of an array; however, the static storage and retrieval of
information coupled with the functions of "write", "read-out", "erase",
etc., wherein voltage amplitude is sensed, is classified elsewhere.
See the Search Note below.
(2)
Note. Differential comparator type sensing amplifiers including
regenerative sensing arrangements (e.g., bistable flip-flops) are
classified in this subclass.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 207 through 210.15for the static storage and retrieval of information
coupled with the functions of "write", "read-out", "erase", etc.,
wherein voltage amplitude is sensed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein the sensing amplifier circuit utilizes
collector current matching of two transistors when connected base
to base and emitter to emitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein there are two elements or stages
which are mutually interconnected (i.e., the output of one is connected
to the input of the other and vice versa).
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein a signal of fixed voltage potential
acts as a constant for comparison to a variable input.
(1)
Note. The reference signal is usually an input signal or
produced from an input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by either
a greatest absolute magnitude or a least absolute magnitude of an
input signal during a time period of interest.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include comparison to a fixed
reference or threshold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
(1)
Note. For this subclass either the processing or means therefor
should be claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein maximum or minimum amplitude discriminating
is achieved by an electrical energy storage element combined with
an element providing unidirectional current flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by both
the greatest absolute magnitude and least absolute magnitude of
an input signal during a time period of interest.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein fluctuating input signals from two
or more sources external to a system are evaluated relative to one
another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific amplitude comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the differences between the plural
varying input signals are initially amplified prior to further processing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the comparison between plural varying
inputs utilizes collector current matching of two transistors when
connected base to base and emitter to emitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein at least one of the fluctuating inputs
provides a changing signal to be used only as an evaluation standard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more
than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output
terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
(1)
Note. For classification herein, either the processing or
means therefor should be recited.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the processing includes extracting
a signal from an output terminal of the circuit and applying a portion
of the extracted signal to an input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein input signal amplitude is evaluated
relative to two or more unvarying voltage or current levels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude between
the input signal and plural fixed references (a) includes a device
performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR or
(b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, for general digital logic circuitry not classified elsewhere
and particularly
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the input signal is evaluated relative
to a standard which is at a constant level of amplitude.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
an input signal actually transits the reference amplitude of a comparison
standard.
(1)
Note. The approach of the input signal to the reference level
may be from either a positive or a negative direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of the comparison standard
is established by one electrical component.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the single electrical component is
a three terminal semiconductor device composed of n or p type material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an increase or decrease in thermal
sensitivity of a system is cancelled or reduced by the effects of
a counterbalancing element in the system.
(1)
Note. A counterbalancing element may be, for example, a resistor,
capacitor, or inductor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
(1)
Note. Another arm, called the diagonal arm, may be connected
between an input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy between adjacent circuit portions at
a constant frequency.
(1)
Note. A transformer changes voltage in direct proportion
to the ratio of the number of turns of its primary and secondary windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein a device which supplies signal power
at a constant voltage or current level is used as a standard for
comparison.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the output signal is representative
of the amplitude difference between two consecutive or selected
points of the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced or an established
input signal magnitude value is maintained.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
(1)
Note. Another arm, called the diagonal arm, may connect an
input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including a device which supplies signal
power to a sample or hold circuit at a constant voltage or current
level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced and subsequently
maintained for a time in a storage element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR,
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific amplitude comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 332+ for geophysical exploration systems utilizing radiant energy
with separate detector means whereby signal components are selected
or suppressed and subclasses 76.12+ for measuring systems
which analyze complex electric waves.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate subclasses for passive type wave selecting
systems, particularly
subclasses 167+ for wave filters, per se.
Television,
subclass 506 for burst separation circuitry, subclasses 525+ for
separating the synchronizing components from a composite signal wave,
and subclasses 638+ for color signal deriving circuitry.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics,
Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclass 200 for systems for analyzing complex speech waves
(e.g., where the fundamental pitch frequency of the human voice
is determined).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Systems wherein the output signal is one of a plurality
of simultaneously applied input signal waveforms selected in accordance
with a predetermined characteristic, the nonselected waveforms being
attenuated or otherwise suppressed in such a manner that only the
desired signal waveform appears at the output.
Oscillators,
subclass 76 for systems comprising an oscillator combined with
a harmonic selection network and subclass 77 for oscillators with
a wave selecting output filter.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein (a) an inherent input signal parameter
such as phase, frequency, amplitude, or current is modified, maintained
at some value, or changed to an entirely different parameter, (b)
an input signal having a particular waveform is modified into an
output signal having a partially or completely different waveform,
or (c) an output signal of specified waveform is produced.
(1)
Note. An example of the second type above would be sine wave
to triangular wave modification.
(2)
Note. This subclass and indented subclasses do not include
single energy systems for conversion wherein a single electrical
source circuit is coupled to a single electrical load circuit and
which involves current, phase or frequency conversion, and wherein
the energy in the load is supplied solely by the source. Such systems
in general are classified in Class 363, Electric Power Conversion Systems,
appropriate subclasses. See References to Other Classes in Class
363 for other classes providing for conversion systems.
(3)
Note. Excluded from this subclass and indented subclasses
are free running signal generators which are classified, for example,
in Class 331.
(4)
Note. Bias circuits of the pulsing type which establish device
operating points are classified below with the bias circuits.
Surgery,
subclass 2.06 for electrocardiographs involving timing and subclasses
303.13+ for instruments for application of electricity
to the human body involving timing.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor systems (e.g., saturable)
and subclasses 106+ for a class appropriate wave shape
determinative or pulse producing system. See also appropriate subclasses
for plural source or load voltage magnitude and phase control.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 364+ for cathode ray deflecting circuits involving timing
and subclasses 209+ for systems involving a periodic switch
in the supply circuit of a gaseous discharge tube.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 445 for systems of automatically starting and/or
stopping a motor with timing, subclasses 606+ for electric
motor position servomechanisms with phase or frequency control,
and subclass 683 for particular phase detectors used in such a servomechanism.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclasses 17+ , especially indented subclass 18 for systems involving
time delay means in the control of a generator or driving.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 212+ for power supply phase control comprising an electron
tube and wherein, in general, the tube does not act as an active
element.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 83+ for phase indicators, subclasses 78+,
particularly subclass 82 for measuring or testing the frequency
of cyclic current or voltage by phase comparison, and subclasses 160+ for
systems for measuring time or speed.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for systems including an oscillator or oscillators
generating at least two different frequencies with a signal combining device
(e.g., mixer, modulator, etc.) having a signal input circuit and
a signal output circuit where the oscillator or oscillators are
connected to the signal input circuit of the combining device and
the device output comprises the sum or difference frequency of the
outputs of the oscillator or oscillators.
Modulators, appropriate subclasses for systems including beating
a source of carrier frequency with a signal wave which varies arbitrarily
in a continuous manner in accordance with some intelligence.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 18 , 23, and 138+ for delay networks comprising
passive elements and subclasses 138+. See (1) Note, above.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 870.24 for telemetering systems receiving information
by pulse trains with length or spacing varied with respect to time.
Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 50+ for systems converting an input consisting of a
coded arrangement representing a particular group of values to an
output consisting of another coded arrangement.
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for single energy conversion
systems wherein a single electrical source circuit is coupled to
a single electrical load circuit. See (2) Note, above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a repetition rate of an output signal
is directly related to the magnitude of an input signal current
or voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the magnitude of output signal current
or voltage is directly related to the repetition rate of the input
signal.
(1)
Note. Included here are devices wherein an input signal of
varying frequency is changed into a direct current output voltage
which is a function of the input frequency.
(2)
Note. Since period is inversely related to frequency, input
period conversion to output current or voltage is also included here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein electrical potential is changed to
an equivalent electrical charge flow or vice versa.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclass 73 for power conversion systems between a constant
current and a constant voltage or vice versa wherein a single source
is connected to a single load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an alternating current input signal
wave is converted to an unloaded output wave consisting of a unidirectional
representation of the half cycles of an input wave.
(1)
Note. The conversion systems in this subclass do not include
claimed subject matter such as would define demodulators, detectors,
or rectifier systems classified elsewhere with specific art devices.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing (e.g., by rectification
of AC signals, etc.) in combination with telegraph systems. In
Class 178, the pulses are usually representative of a telegraph
code.
subclasses 118+ relate to telegraph receivers which may include
signal rectifiers.
Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclasses for railway signaling systems
which may include signal rectifying or other conversion systems as
subcombinations thereof.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 6 for systems having series connected converters
of different voltages, subclass 45 for plural supply circuits with
intervening converter, subclass 58 for load current dividing circuits
utilizing plural converters, subclass 82 for plural converter systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor systems, and subclass
107 for wave form or wave shape determining systems with wave rectification.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclass for charging or discharging
a capacitor or battery where a rectifier is employed, particularly
Digest 31.
Demodulators, for demodulating systems using rectification designed
to change a signal modulated wave so as to produce in the output
circuit a pulsating direct current representative of the signal.
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses for signaling systems including
radar and directive radio systems which may include demodulating
type conversion systems as subcombinations thereof.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for rectification and derectification involving
a single source coupled to a single load in a power conversion system.
See the class definition and search notes as to lines with other
classes and further fields of search for rectifying systems.
Pulse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 37+ for pulse communication systems using alternating or
pulsating currents.
Telephonic Communications, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing systems
with signal rectifying or other converting for use in telephone
call transmitter systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output waveform is derived which
at any instant is proportional to the combined values of the corresponding instantaneous
values of a plurality of input signal waveforms.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 77 for systems for analyzing complex electric waves
and subclass 140 for measuring and testing circuits which combine
plural inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal is modified into
a similar output signal having an enhanced current supplying ability.
(1)
Note. Current driving of the type associated with electronic
digital logic circuitry is classified in Class 326.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ and particularly subclass 412 for similar subject
matter where a nonlinear reactive element (e.g., magnetic core)
is claimed as forming part of the operative combination of the invention.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
voltage change due to stored charge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein an output circuit comprises two parallel
identical portions each receiving signals which are the same except
for a relative 180 degree phase offset.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a frequency characteristic of an
input signal is modified to produce an output wave of different
frequency characteristic which has a definite relationship to that of
the input wave or where a frequency characteristic is held essentially
constant.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillator systems and subclass
76 for systems including an oscillator combined with a harmonic producing
or selecting network in the output. To be classified in Class 331 the
oscillator must be the signal source and must be capable of self sustained
oscillation.
Modulators,
subclasses 117+ or 144+ for systems wherein a first source
is modified in frequency or phase by mixing with an arbitrarily
varying control source.
Communications: Electrical, particularly
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems and especially subclasses
870.18+ providing for frequency or phase modulation systems.
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses for systems involving object
detection by reflected pulses which may utilize phase or frequency
modulation.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems wherein a single
electrical source is coupled to a single electrical load in a power
conversion system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter including maintaining constant or varying
the repetition rate of a continuous series of pulses having negligible
transition times and available at a specific circuit location for
subsequent utilization.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use in converting the varying
electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillator systems and subclass
76 for systems including an oscillator combined with a harmonic producing
or selecting network in the output. (To be classified in Class
331 the oscillator must be the signal source and must be capable
of self sustained oscillation).
Modulators, appropriate subclasses for systems wherein a first
source of one frequency is modified in frequency or phase by mixing
with an arbitrarily varying control source of another frequency
or frequencies.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for systems whereby information
is conveyed from one point to another by pulses arranged in a particular
sequence or whose height or duration are varied to represent the particular
information to be conveyed, particularly
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems, and subclasses 870.18+
for such systems providing frequency or phase modulation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter wherein the repetition rate of the output
pulses is less than the frequency of the input signal.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for analogous circuits which
may utilize shift registers or other class appropriate devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. wherein the repetition rate of the output pulses is greater
than the frequency of the input signal.
(1)
Note. Miscellaneous frequency mixing which produces sum or
difference frequencies of two input frequencies is classified in
subclass 113. Rectangular or pulse waveform frequency mixing is classified
in subclass 114.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for analogous circuits which
may utilize shift registers or other class appropriate devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second lower frequency
where the output frequency is a submultiple of the input frequency.
(1)
Note. Included as submultiples are fractions such as two-thirds.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems of a single electrical source
coupled to a single electrical load where there is no intermediate conversion
to DC.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second higher frequency, where
the output frequency is a multiple of the input frequency.
(1)
Note. A harmonic output frequency is an integral multiple
of an input frequency.
(2)
Note. Miscellaneous frequency mixing which produces sum or
difference frequencies of two input frequencies is classified in
subclass 113. Rectangular or pulse waveform frequency mixing is classified
in subclass 114.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems of a single electrical source
coupled to a single electrical load where there is no intermediate conversion
to DC.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein multiple harmonic output waves are
simultaneously derived from a single input wave.
(1)
Note. The plurality of output waves are generally derived
from separate output terminals by filter or other load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the frequency of the output wave
is exactly twice the frequency of the input wave independent of
the input frequency.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are systems in which the
claimed subject matter is restricted to frequency doublers even though
the system singularly or in combination with similar systems may
be used as a frequency multiplier other than a doubler.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein a harmonic producing device comprises
a particular electron space discharge device or an element whose
respective impedance cannot be considered to be concentrated at
a point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal (typically low magnitude
DC) is regularly interrupted to form a pulsating output waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having the
shape produced by (a) a locus of points each of which has an equal
distance to a fixed line and a fixed point or (b) a locus of points
wherein the difference in distances from each point to two fixed
points is a constant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including the generation of a signal whose
amplitude increases or decreases between three or more discrete
steps at regular intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including a gain producing device responsive
to the offset between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive
to voltages or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including an element converting an alternating
current wave into a corresponding direct current wave.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for current conversion (including rectification)
in a power system which connects a single electrical source to a
single electrical load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal wave is modified
to or triggers an alternating current sinusoidal wave at the output.
(1)
Note. Included here are signals having a cosinusoidal waveform.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for various systems for modifying electric currents
or potentials in combination with converting the varying electric currents
or potentials into sound waves for the production of musical tones.
Surgery,
subclasses 419+ for systems wherein the usual 60 Hz commercial alternating
current is converted to high frequency AC or pulsating current for
application to the human body.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 160 for structural details of a rotary mechanical AC
frequency converter and subclass 161 for phase shifter type rotary
AC dynamoelectric machines.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 378+ and 391+ for systems which deflect a cathode
ray by a rotating electric field having conversion of pulse wave energy
to alternating wave energy, subclasses 200+ for systems
comprising a discharge device or rectifier in the supply circuit
of a gaseous tube or tubes where the output may be an alternating
circuit wave, subclasses 209+ for systems comprising a
periodic switch in the supply circuit of a gaseous tube or tubes
where the switch may be pulse controlled with the output an AC wave
and subclasses 246+ for systems comprising a pulsating
supply for gaseous tubes.
Oscillators, particularly
subclasses 37+ for systems comprising the combination of oscillator
with production of a beat frequency, subclass 45 for an oscillator
with polyphase output, and subclasses 172+ for an oscillator
combined with pulse actuated control or synchronization.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for signaling or indicating
devices responsive to pulse wave input and in which the output may
or may not be an alternating current.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for systems involving derectification, subclasses
148+ for systems including phase conversion, and subclass
157 for systems including frequency conversion wherein a single
source is connected to a single load.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 1 through 58for pulse responsive systems, subclasses 62+ for
systems for transmitting information including frequency shift keying, and
subclasses 75+ for pulse responsive receivers.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 313+ for systems whereby an input modulated carrier
wave is modified by a wave derived from a local oscillator or other
source in such a manner as to obtain an output wave the frequency
of which is the sum or difference of the input wave and the modifying
wave (i.e., a beat frequency).
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. wherein the output waveform comprises an initial sloped
rise from a normal voltage level followed by a steady level which
is followed by a sloped return to the normal voltage level and where
the sloped portions are mirror images.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having a
positive slope followed immediately by a negative slope.
(1)
Note. The positive slope is generally gradual (e.g., by slowly
charging a capacitor, etc.), and the negative slope is generally
much more rapid (e.g., by quickly discharging a capacitor).
(2)
Note. The slopes of a sawtooth waveform produced may only
approximate a straight line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a circuit portion which supplies
a particular level of electrical current therethrough or a circuit
portion having collector current matching in a pair of transistors
having their bases and emitters tied together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the output is supplied to a device
producing a magnetic field which tends to inhibit any change in
current passing therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a signal is produced which will (a)
maintain a predetermined phase or frequency relationship between
two sources of waves, one source being an excitation or standard
source (sync source) and the other source being changed to achieve
the predetermined relationship; (b) provide an initiate or stop
operation to a device at a predetermined time; or (c) time (i.e.,
synchronize) the operation of some electrical circuit or system.
Oscillators,
subclasses 20+ for synchronized automatic frequency stabilized
TV type oscillators, subclass 55 for synchronized plural oscillators, subclass
87 for synchronized magnetron oscillators, subclass 145 for synchronized
free running multivibrators, subclass 149 for synchronized free running
blocking oscillators, and subclass 153 for synchronized free running
relaxation oscillators in general.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a device provides either an initiate
or stop operation at a predetermined interval from a predetermined
starting time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein a circuit reacts to the supply of
power thereto or the removal of power therefrom.
(1)
Note. The change in supplied power may be of any duration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein plural square wave signals having
precisely regulated amplitude and frequency are utilized to achieve
synchronization.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein a portion of the circuit output is
returned to an input.
(1)
Note. Positive feedback occurs when a portion of an output
signal is fed back in phase with the input to increase amplification
and possibly cause oscillation.
(2)
Note. Negative feedback occurs when a portion of an output
signal is fed back 180 degrees out of phase relative to the input.
This decreases amplification, stabilizes circuit performance,
and minimizes noise and distortion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive
or negative electrical energy is included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a portion of an input signal is advanced
essentially unchanged to an output stage of the synchronizing circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive
or negative electrical energy is included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein the reference source controls the
clock output of the synchronizing circuit by a fractional part of
the period of an input signal periodic function or wave.
(1)
Note. The period of a periodic function or wave is defined
as 360 electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including a probabilistic factor in the generation
of a pulsating waveform which is repetitive or intermittent and
where an individual pulse has negligible transition times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a pulse waveform which has undergone
attenuation or deformation is modified into an output pulse wave
form whose characteristics correspond to an original pulse waveform
prior to such attenuation or deformation.
(1)
Note. Usually a feedback or regenerative system is utilized
to reshape the distorted pulse wave form.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter including circuitry which in response to
a particular input value produces a corresponding output value per
a standard mathematical relationship.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter including an element which has the property
of opposing current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic
field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Subject matter which includes a device having the property
that, over a portion of its characteristic I-V plot, increasing
applied device voltage results in a decrease in device current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the rise time or fall time of a pulse
is maintained constant or regulated in some manner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input pulse wave form consisting
of a series of pulses of a single polarity is converted to an output
wave form consisting of a plurality of pulses of alternate polarities.
(1)
Note. Such pulses are often referred to as bipolar.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including maintaining constant or varying
the length of individual pulses in a pulsating waveform which is
repetitive or intermittent and wherein an individual pulse has negligible
transition times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Subject matter including an element which has the property
of opposing current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic
field.
(1)
Note. The inductive element may be distributed or lumped.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a pulse of energy is produced which
has simultaneously varying electric and magnetic fields which are
at right angles to each other.
(1)
Note. This includes, for example, the production of pulsed
RF or microwaves.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including a distributed parameter wave conveying
network or analogous structure or capacitive retention device with
a respective charge or discharge path through an oscillator which
slowly charges and rapidly discharges an inductor or capacitor through
a resistor to form a pulse.
(1)
Note. This subclass will not ordinarily contain subject matter
wherein the capacitor constitutes an element of a free running relaxation
oscillator circuit (such as provided for in Class 331, Oscillators).
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including a distributed parameter wave conveying
network or analogous structure or capacitive retention device adapted to
be charged or discharged through the electron path of an electron
space discharge device to form a pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal from which the rectangular
or pulse output is derived comprises a signal having both positive
and negative portions.
(1)
Note. Typically, the AC signal is a sinusoidal wave.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter comprising a circuit which will remain in
a distinct current conductive steady-state condition unless toggled
therefrom by a trigger input.
(1)
Note. The condition to which the circuit may be toggled may
itself be stable or it may be unstable.
(2)
Note. Detailed flip-flops, per se, generally are contained
herein; however, multifunctional or programmable logic having a
flip-flop is classified in Class 326, subclasses 37+, and
redundant logic having a flip-flop is classified in Class 326, subclass
12.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclass 12 for redundant logic and flip-flop, subclasses 40
and 46 for programmable logic and flip-flop, and subclasses 59+ for
logic circuits having three or more active states.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein the circuit incorporates elements
which exhibit a marked decrease in electrical resistance (to essentially
zero ohms) at a temperature less than or equal to 30 K.
Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, for high temperature (i.e., greater than 30 K) superconductive
apparatus, materials, or processes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein an ambient force or field provides
a toggling stimulus to the stable state circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter which utilizes or varies the concentration
of electrons in p-type material or holes in n-type material which
accumulate at a pn semiconductor junction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter including a two-terminal unidirectionally
conductive semiconductor device having minority carriers which accumulate
at the pn junction when the diode is forward biased and which are
suddenly swept away as back biasing increases to a certain point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a device whose ratio of input voltage
to output voltage is directly proportional to the ratio of primary
windings to secondary windings therein or a magnetic core reactor
having reactance modified by varying the core saturation through
a superimposed unidirectional flux.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor systems (e.g., saturable)
in electrical transmission or interconnection systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes transformer
coupled feedback in which output current flows for only one half
cycle before the oscillation is halted due to blocking of the input
and the oscillation is resumed after the input becomes unblocked.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a transistor whose characteristic
on a current-voltage plot has a portion with a downward slope.
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Subject matter wherein the transistor contains more than
three adjacent regions having differing conductivities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a diode having a threshold voltage
above which the applied voltage must rise before the diode junction
breaks down allowing the current flow across the junction to suddenly
rise or including a voltage responsive two terminal semiconductor
device whose capacitance varies as a result of changes in the space
charge at a pn junction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a diode whose characteristic on
a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with the current plotted on
the Y axis and the voltage on the X axis) has an "N"-shape.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including a diode whose characteristic on
a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with the current plotted on
the Y axis and the voltage on the X axis) has an "S"-shape.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein (a) a stable state circuit with an
initial number of stable states may be readily modified to one having
a different number of stable states or (b) a stable state circuit with
a fixed number of stable states can be readily modified between
differing input configurations.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter including the establishment of a starting
condition in a stable state circuit, the restoration of a stable
circuit to a previous stable-state condition, or the prevention
of deterioration of an already established stable-state condition.
for protection of nonlinear solid-state signal or
circuit conditions against power or bias supply loss or perturbations,
per se, and see search notes thereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein a particular stable state is maintained
by charge storing elements which must be regularly recharged.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the bistable device includes a controlling
circuit section, otherwise known as the "master" stage
and a subsequent controlled section, known as the "slave" stage.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,
subclasses 115+ for counters and dividers including master-slave
circuits as transfer means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type channel
and electrons in an n-type channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 202. Subject matter which includes a semiconductive device which
has current flowing through both n and p-type material and which
has two or more emitter regions or two or more collector regions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the input voltage required to cause
a change from a first stable state to a second stable state is distinctly
different from that required to cause a subsequent change from the
second stable state to the first stable state as a result of feedback.
(1)
Note. Electronic digital logic circuits which may utilize
hysteresis for noise margin enhancement are classified with the
logic circuits in Class 326.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type channel
and electrons in an n-type channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type channel
and electrons in an n-type channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter including (a) an FET device which permits
current conduction by attracting majority carriers to a channel
by an appropriate applied voltage and (b) an FET device which inhibits
current conduction by repelling majority carriers away from a channel
by an appropriate applied voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes a transistor
of the pnp type and a transistor of the npn type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including two active devices, each capable
of assuming a distinct current-conductive stable state, the output
of each device being coupled to the input of the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator has a clock input
and two additional inputs (the "J" and "K" inputs)
which jointly determine the output state of the multivibrator at
the application of a clock pulse using the following guidelines:
(a) if both "J" and "K" are "HIGH",
the multivibrator will change state; (b) if "J" and "K" are
both "LOW", the multivibrator will maintain its
current state; (c) if "J" = "HIGH" and "K" = "LOW",
the multivibrator will go to the "HIGH" state;
and (d) if "J" = "LOW" and "K" = "HIGH",
the multivibrator will go to the "LOW" state.
(1)
Note. The "HIGH" state can be considered
analogous to a logic "1" and the "LOW" state
can be considered analogous to a logic "0."
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator has two inputs
(the "R" and "S") in the RS
case and also a third (the "T" input) in the RST
case and which inputs determine the output state of the multivibrator
according to the following guidelines: (a) if the "S" is "HIGH" then
the multivibrator will go to the "HIGH" state;
(b) if the "R" is "HIGH", then
the multivibrator will go to the "LOW" state;
and (c) if there is a "T" input present and it
is "HIGH", the multivibrator will change state
from its previous value.
(1)
Note. A "HIGH" on both the "R" and the "S" inputs
simultaneously is not permitted.
(2)
Note. The "HIGH" state can be considered
analogous to a logic "1" and the "LOW" state
can be considered analogous to a logic "0."
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the multivibrator has a clock input
and an additional input (the "D" input) wherein
the output state of the multivibrator represents the state of the "D" input
just prior to the most recent clock pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter including a specific active element at the
multivibrator signal insertion point, the signal extraction point,
or in the connection path between these two points.
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter including a conventional two-terminal unidirectionally
conductive active element in the input circuit, the output circuit,
or a cross coupling path of the multivibrator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein a shunt-connected resistor and capacitor
pair is inserted in one of the mutually interconnected paths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter wherein a device which directly relates voltage
to current is inserted in one of the mutually interconnecting paths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including multiple solid-state devices which
are all of the npn or all of the pnp variety.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein a solitary active device is included
which possesses two or more spaced electrodes and in which current
flow therebetween comprises elemental negatively charged particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein the circuit has a single stable state
which can be momentarily changed to an unstable state by the application
of a triggering signal, but which will revert to the stable state
after a predetermined time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including two circuit stages in which the
output of each stage is fed back to the input of the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a fraction of the period of an input
periodic wave signal (with one period represented as 360 degrees
along the time axis) is maintained or shifted.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for automatic frequency stabilization using phase
of frequency sensing means and for phase lock loop circuits in oscillator
circuits and systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase shift is varied dependent
upon the number or recurrences of a periodic input signal in a unit
of time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein correction is made to an input signal
phase shift to ensure that the output signal has a predetermined
phase shift.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the desired output phase shift is
obtained by applying changeable phase shifts to the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the desired output phase shift is
obtained by applying a plurality of unchanging phase shifts to the
input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the phase shift change is effected
by the output of a circuit that obtains both the magnitude and sign
of the phase angle between two input voltages or currents.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase control is (a) continuously
changed or (b) modifiable (either automatically or in response to
an operator) to various fixed delays.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the variable or adjustable phase
shift control involves the state or condition of two related periodic
functions or two related points separated by a quarter of a cycle
or 90 electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a variable or adjustable phase shift
circuit produces plural output clock type waves wherein no two such
waves are permitted to be "on" simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a variable or adjustable phase control
device produces an output signal having an unchanging amplitude
relative to the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter including (a) a circuit which totals input
pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a predetermined
number of input pulses or (b) a circuit which transfers its digital
contents along plural storage elements in a chain on the application
of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a portion of the output signal is
returned to an input.
(1)
Note. Positive feedback occurs when a portion of an output
signal is fed back in phase with the input to increase amplification
and possibly cause oscillation.
(2)
Note. Negative feedback occurs when a portion of an output
signal is fed back 180 degrees out of phase relative to the input.
This decreases amplification, stabilizes circuit performance,
and minimizes noise and distortion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 243. Subject matter including a circuit whose output represents
both the magnitude and sign of the phase angle between two input
voltages or currents.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a circuit amplifies only the differences
between two input signal voltages or currents and suppresses voltages
or currents appearing simultaneously on both inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
via the rising or falling edge of a pulse signal.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of multiple outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of a single output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein a variable or adjustable device includes
a circuit which produces the sum of two or more quantities impressed
on it.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the time required for a signal to
travel between two points in a circuit is controlled by an element
which requires an external power supply other than the main input
signal for its operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein the time required for a signal to
travel between two points in a circuit is controlled by an element
powered only by an input signal, without any bias voltage.
(1)
Note. A passive element (such as a capacitor, resistor, or
inductor), does not add any amplification or gain (i.e., it presents
some loss to the system).
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase shift control includes
the state or condition of two related periodic functions or two
related points separated by a quarter of a cycle or 90 electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter wherein the phase relationship between an
output signal and an input signal is separated by a quarter of a
cycle or 90 electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein the phase relationship between the
input and output signal is separated by a half of a cycle or 180
electrical degrees.
This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Subject matter wherein a phase shift circuit produces plural
output clock type waves where no two such waves are permitted to
be "on" simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 231. Subject matter wherein an output alternating current signal
is controlled either by a phase shift or by suppressing output dependent
upon some phase.
(1)
Note. A flow of electricity which reaches a maximum in one
direction, decreases to zero, then reverses itself and reaches a
maximum in the opposite direction and this cycle is continuously repeated
is alternating current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output signal is obtained at a
predetermined time interval subsequent to the application of an
input or control or initiating signal to a system.
(1)
Note. Delay controlled switching is classified below with
gating circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein undesired changes in circuit operation
due to, for example, temperature changes, component structural differences, or
power supply fluctuations are offset.
(1)
Note. Regulating systems for controlling a load as well as
compensating circuits for protecting systems and semiconductor structures
against failure are found in Class 323.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclass 14 for logic circuits which maintain a fail-safe condition
against circuit breakdown and subclasses 21+ for signal
sensitivity or transmission integrity in logic circuitry.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein the delay time is determined by either
(a) the interval between the occurrence of leading or trailing edges
of a pulse signal or (b) the amount of time for the leading or trailing
edge of a pulse waveform to rise or fall to a particular value.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 62 for motor speed control with time delay; subclasses
141+ for generator-fed motor systems controlled by time
delay; subclasses 283+ for time delay for motor-reversing; and
subclasses 445+ for time delay control, per se, (e.g.,
automatic starting/stopping).
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of the applied input electrical signal
basic characteristic.
(1)
Note. Examples of active circuit elements are transistors,
tunnel diodes, or SCR"s.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter wherein a circuit amplifies only the differences
between two input signal voltages or currents and suppresses voltages
or currents appearing simultaneously on both inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of multiple outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of a single output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Subject matter including a gas filled or partially or fully
evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current flow between spaced electrodes.
for time interval control using an electron tube
within an active circuit element or structure having a single output
with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Subject matter wherein a circuit element or structure is
powered only by an input signal without any bias voltage and produces
a desired modification of the input signal without adding any amplification
or gain (i.e., it presents some loss to a system).
(1)
Note. Examples of passive devices are capacitors, resistors,
and inductors.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter wherein the multiple delay intervals are
either (a) continuously changing or (b) changeable, automatically
or in response to an operator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter wherein at least one time interval is derived
from the time of propagation of a signal through a transmission
line type means (e.g., shift register, cascade-connected nonlinear
amplifier stages, charge transfer element, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 269. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of the applied input electrical signal
basic characteristic.
(1)
Note. Examples of active circuit elements are transistors,
tunnel diodes, SCRs, or ICs.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter including a circuit which amplifies only
the differences between two input signal voltages or currents and
suppresses voltages or currents appearing simultaneously on both
inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
via the rising or falling edge of a pulse signal.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of a single output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter including a gas filled or partially or fully
evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current flow between spaced electrodes.
for the use of an electron tube within an active
circuit element or structure to control the output waveform production
delay via the rising or falling edge of an input pulse.
for output waveform production delay using an electron
tube within an active circuit element or structure having a single
output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter including one output where the delay time
is adjustable or may be chosen from multiple possibilities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter wherein the delay interval is derived from
the time of propagation of a signal through a transmission line
type means (e.g., shift register, cascade-connected nonlinear
amplifier stages, charge transfer element, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of the applied input electrical signal
basic characteristic.
(1)
Note. Examples of active circuit elements are transistors,
tunnel diodes, SCRs, or ICs.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a circuit which amplifies only
the differences between two input signal voltages or currents and
suppresses voltages or currents appearing simultaneously on both
inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
via the rising or falling edge of a pulse signal.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of multiple outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel.
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including a gas filled, or partially or
fully evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current flow between
spaced electrodes.
for the use of an electron tube within an active
circuit element or structure to control the output waveform production
delay via the rising or falling edge of the input pulse.
for output waveform production delay using an electron
tube within an active circuit element or structure having multiple
outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 276. Subject matter wherein a circuit element or structure is
powered only by an input signal, without any bias voltage and produces
a desired modification on the input signal without adding any amplification
or gain (i.e., it presents some loss to a system).
(1)
Note. Examples of passive devices are capacitors, resistors,
and inductors.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein the time interval is derived from
the time of propagation of a signal through a transmission line
type means (e.g., shift register, cascade-connected nonlinear
amplifier stages, charge transfer element, etc.).
(1)
Note. Passive delay lines are included in this subclass.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclass 61 for logic circuits using an insulated gate charge
transfer device and subclasses 93+ for logic function circuits
including one or more stages clocked synchronously for transmitting
signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter including a particular circuit element or
structure requiring an external power supply other than the main
input signal for its operation and which produces some dynamic function
change (e.g., amplification) of the applied input electrical signal
basic characteristic.
(1)
Note. Examples of active circuit elements are transistors,
tunnel diodes, or SCR"s.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter wherein a circuit is included which totals
input pulses to produce an output signal each time it receives a
predetermined number of input pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including a circuit which amplifies only
the differences between two input voltages or currents and suppresses
voltages or currents appearing simultaneously on both inputs.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
via the rising or falling edge of a pulse signal.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of multiple outputs with a plurality of delay intervals.
for a differential amplifier in an active circuit
element or structure to effect output waveform production delay
of a single output with variable or selectable delay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel.
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Subject matter including a gas filled or partially or fully
evacuated (vacuum) device which regulates current flow between spaced electrodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein a circuit element or structure is
powered only by an input signal, without any bias voltage, and produces
a desired modification on the input signal without adding any amplification
or gain (i.e., it presents some loss to a system).
(1)
Note. Examples of passive devices are capacitors, resistors,
and inductors.
for an active circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
for a passive circuit element or structure in output
waveform production delay wherein the delay interval is set by the
rising or falling of an input pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output waveshape is produced which
exhibits two distinct amplitude levels and where the transition
therebetween is rapid.
(1)
Note. The systems contained in this subclass and the indented
subclasses are very similar to those found in Class 331, Oscillators;
the distinction being that the systems in Class 331 are self sustaining or
free running while those in this class are not capable of
self-sustained continuous operation.
(2)
Note. Bias circuits of the pulsing type which establish device
operating points are classified with the bias circuits.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing systems wherein the
pulses are representative of a telegraph code, particularly
subclasses 17+ for such systems where a perforated tape or other
automatic device controls the production of the pulses, subclasses
2+ for systems where a keyboard is used to produce the pulses.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 106+ for class appropriate waveform or wave shape determinative
or pulse producing systems and subclasses 401+ for nonlinear
reactor systems.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 137+ for polyphase AC supply and subclasses 246+ for
gaseous tube systems with pulsating or AC supply.
Oscillators, appropriate subclasses, for self-sustained generators,
particularly
subclasses 20+ for TV oscillators with automatic frequency stabilization,
subclass 61 for oscillators with plural outputs of diverse waveforms, subclass
75 for oscillators combined with wave shaping networks in the output
circuit, subclass 87 for magnetron type oscillators with pulse forming
means in the control circuit thereof, subclasses 143+ for
pulse forming networks of the relaxation oscillators type, subclasses
165+ for shock excited resonant circuit with pulse type
keying, and subclasses 172+ for synchronizing, triggering,
or pulsing circuits for oscillators.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses, particularly
subclasses 825.57+ , for pulse responsive selective systems; subclasses
870.19+ for pulse modulation telemetering systems; and
subclasses 287+ for electric signaling system with transmission
of a train of pulse signals.
Communications, Directive Radio Wave Systems and
Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate subclasses for pulse reflected wave systems,
particularly
subclasses 118+ and 147+ for radar type systems involving
pulse generating for determining distance or direction.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 182+ for single and plural relays which are frequency responsive,
subclass 185 for phase responsive relays, and subclass 186 for pulse
responsive relays.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclass 37 for miscellaneous telegraph systems using pulsating
currents and subclasses 59+ for transmitters with pulse
production.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including multiple channels between a signal
input terminal and one or more output terminals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter wherein the output of each of the plural
paths or channels is fed to a common final output point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter wherein multiple separate output waveforms
are produced and appear at respective output terminals.
(1)
Note. The separate outputs may be of similar or diverse wave
shape or sign.
This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter wherein the clock is applied to a distribution
network which distributes a plural series of precisely timed, repetitive
voltage pulses to plural devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter wherein one series of precisely timed, repetitive
voltage pulses of fixed frequency and amplitude or a signal containing information
is the sole input for creating a single clock output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including a magnetic core reactor having
reactance modified by varying the core saturation through a superimposed
unidirectional flux.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including at least one electron space discharge
device whose performance depends upon the formation and control
of one or more rays of elemental negatively charged particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter which incorporates a two-terminal semiconductive
device having minority carriers which accumulate at a pn junction when
the diode is forward biased and which are suddenly swept away after
back biasing increases to a certain point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter including a device transforming an AC signal
to a corresponding DC signal by a device permitting only unidirectional
current flow.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 107 for pulse producing systems of the passive type
and utilizing rectification or derectification.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 200+ for discharge devices or rectifiers in the supply
circuit for gaseous tubes and subclass 272 for pulsating or AC supply
systems for gaseous tubes and including a rectifier in the control
circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter which includes an element which has the property
of opposing current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 291. Subject matter which incorporates an electron discharge
device where a small amount of gas is ionized to permit current
flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of an input signal
waveform is modified, maintained, or regulated to produce the desired
output signal.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 14 for amplitude compression and expansion systems (i.e.,
companders) and subclasses 15, 16, 17.1+, and 81+ for
passive element attenuator systems for controlling signal amplitude.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein an input signal amplitude is diminished
by an adjustable but typically unchanging factor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein (a) the output signal amplitude is
constrained by a maximum allowed level, a minimum allowed level
or both or (b) the upper or lower amplitude extreme of the output
signal is maintained at a particular level.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 14 for amplitude compression and expansion systems (i.e.,
companders); and subclasses 15, 16, 17.1+, and 81+ for
passive element attenuator systems which control signal amplitude.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 34 , 60, and 99+ for noise reduction in pulse
code modulation, transmitters, and receivers and subclass 98 for
automatic gain control in receivers.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 218+ , 278+, 296+, and 501+ for
noise or interference elimination in analog communication and subclasses
234+ for attenuators and automatic gain control circuits
in receiver or analog modulated frequency converters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or clamping
lessens or eliminates an intermittent spuriously generated component
from a signal.
(1)
Note. Recited noise override of the type associated with
gating or switching is classified with the gating or switching area
below.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 34 , 51, 57, 58, 60, and 99+ for noise reduction
in pulse code modulated systems, systems using pulsating current,
pulse transmitters, AC or pulse systems or receivers.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 63.1 through 65, 114.1-114.3, 218-225, 278.1-279.1, 283-288, 296-312,
and subclasses 501-506 for noise or interference elimination in
analog communication systems (e.g., transmitter and receiver at
separate stations or transceivers, etc.).
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics,
Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclass 233 for detection of speech in noise.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery,
subclasses 761 through 763+, 781 and 788 for correcting digital data
errors caused by random or burst noise signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping or clamping
of a signal transient is provided by a circuit which offers little
opposition to some frequencies or DC while blocking or attenuating
other frequencies.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 17.1+ through 20 for filters (usually passive) for controlling
amplitude, impedance matching, and wave shaping; subclasses 24+ for
passive wave filters; and subclasses 213+ for active devices
determining passive filter characteristics.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 296+ and 339 for noise or interference elimination and
for filter coupling or decoupling of stages in receiver or analog
modulated signal frequency converter systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein transient or signal noise reduction
is performed in a return path between an output terminal and an
input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes one or more
elements having an output which is not in direct proportion to its
input and having more than two electrodes as the only type of active
element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes one or more
two-terminal unidirectionally conductive devices as the only type
of active element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter including maintenance of the ratio of the
input to output signal magnitudes to a fixed value.
Amplifiers,
subclasses 278+ for linear amplifier automatic signal level and
gain control and subclasses 96 and 123 for amplitude limiting of amplifier
power supplies in linear systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Subject matter wherein a circuit is controlled by a signal
returned along a path between an output terminal and an input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein an undesired waveform modification
is corrected or reduced by imposing amplitude constraints on the
waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or clamping
device is a component of either a signal insertion or extraction
point of a circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or clamping
permits the joining of two or more circuit sections together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Subject matter wherein the maximum or minimum value of an
output signal is held to a particular voltage level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein a limiting, clipping, or clamping
structure is in a return path between an output terminal and an
input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or clamping
utilizes a two-terminal unidirectionally conductive device as
the sole active circuit device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter wherein at least one of the diode elements
exhibits a sharp increase of current flow with increasing reverse
bias applied thereto or has an IV characteristic with a portion
where an increase in applied voltage results in a decrease of current
therethrough.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistor,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses for solid-state devices, per se,
and particularly
subclasses 603+ for avalanche diodes, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter wherein the limiting, clipping, or clamping
utilizes a three or more terminal solid-state device as the sole
active circuit device type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Subject matter which includes a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type channel
and electrons in an n-type channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 309. Subject matter including a device converting alternating
current to direct current or an impedance where the voltage to current
ratio is not directly related.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of an output waveform
is kept at a fixed level independently of the amplitude of the input
waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Subject matter wherein a correction voltage is returned
from an output circuit to a control electrode in the input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein interconnection of two diverse circuits
having different ranges of acceptable signal values is made possible.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an output is proportional to a nonlinear
mathematical expression of an input signal.
(1)
Note. Characteristically the input signal is continuous and
slowly varying with the output signal usually bearing a mathematical
relationship to it.
(2)
Note. Boolean algebra functions and linear amplifiers are
excluded from this subclass.
(3)
Note. The input signals in this subclass do not contain information
(data) of any kind. For data processing, see Search Class below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the instantaneous rate of change of the input signal.
for signal discriminating (e.g., comparing or selecting)
without subsequent control and particularly subclasses 14+ for
signal slope comparing or selecting.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclass 443 for a digital computer adapted to perform a differentiation
on an input and subclass 822 for an analog computer adapted to perform
a differentiation on an input.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 212 through 219for miscellaneous phase control networks which
involve differentiating or integrating networks.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein the time integral function is determined
by a particular capacitor arrangement which is variable dependent
upon a connect/disconnect path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including an electron tube which ejects electrons
by elevating the temperature of the tube cathode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein (a) a signal is produced that represents
a weighted sum of the input signal or (b) a device is incremented
or decremented at discrete intervals upon receipt of the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including only one device with sealed envelope
which controls the flow of electrons between spaced electrodes through
a fully or partially evacuated space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter wherein an integration circuit is maintained
in its normal operating state or offsets any undesirable changes
in its circuitry.
This subclass is indented under subclass 336. Subject matter including a device that converts energy forms
(other than electrical) into an electrical energy signal.
(1)
Note. The other energy forms may be mechanical, thermal,
hydraulic, chemical, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to an input signal that is raised to a particular algebraic power.
This subclass is indented under subclass 346. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the input signal raised to the power of one half.
This subclass is indented under subclass 347. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the square root of the average of the squares of the input signal
taken throughout one period.
(1)
Note. For example, in a sine wave, this value is 0.707 times
the peak value of the input waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 346. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to the input signal raised to the power of two or a multiple of
two.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclass 606 and 808 for the evaluation of powers by a digital
or analog electrical calculating computer, respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output signal is proportional
to an inverse exponential function of the input signal.
(1)
Note. Function generators for producing internal logarithmic
functions in analog computers are found elsewhere.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 512 and 517 for digital computer manipulation of operands
having a logarithmic format and subclass 851 for analog computer
generated logarithmic function signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including an arrangement of two or more similar
circuits or stages in which an output of one circuit provides an
input to the next circuit.
(1)
Note. Function generators for producing internal logarithmic
functions in analog computers are found elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced that
represents the algebraic sum of applied input signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter including a device with sealed envelope which
controls the flow of electrons between spaced electrodes through
a fully or partially evacuated space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein an output signal is proportional
to the negative of an input signal, if the input signal is negative,
and is proportional to an input signal, if the input signal is positive.
(1)
Note. Usually, the output to input magnitude ratio is unity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein the output is a resultant function
of mathematically operating on two or more input signals.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 140+ for electricity measuring and testing systems which
contain plural inputs (e.g., summation, ratio).
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 620+ for digital computer multipliers and subclasses
835+ for analog computer multipliers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Subject matter wherein the output signal represents an analog
multiplication performed on input signals having positive or negative
polarities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 356. Subject matter wherein a circuit amplifies only the differences
between the two input signals and suppresses the input signals when
they have identical signals.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 650+ for digital computer dividers and subclass 844
for analog computer dividers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter wherein a functional circuit is maintained
in its normal operating state or offsets any undesirable changes
therein.
(1)
Note. Undesired changes in the circuit signals may be due
to temperature fluctuations, component structural differences, power
supply fluctuations, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 334. Subject matter including a device with a sealed envelope
which controls the flow of electrons between spaced electrodes through
a fully or partially evacuated space.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein one signal (a controlling signal)
determines whether an input signal is transmitted without modification
to an output or is blocked therefrom.
(1)
Note. The input signal may be a DC, AC, or a complex wave
in the switching operation.
(2)
Note. Excluded herein are switching systems including those
which are solely mechanical or electromechanical (either static
or dynamic) and those handling high current or voltage.
(3)
Note. Switching circuits or systems peculiar to an art device
are classified with the art device. For example, a centralized
telephone switching system is classified in Class 379, subclasses
242+.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 29 for plural loads or sources selectively connected
and subclasses 112+ for electrical transmission or interconnection
type switching systems.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 139+ for an interruptor or connector which is used for the
purpose of safety and protection of a system or a device and subclasses 160+ for
a solenoid or relay control circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a switching circuit which operates
at a very low temperature (e.g., 30 K) where the electrical resistance
becomes essentially zero.
(1)
Note. This subclass comprises superconductive devices which
operate at a temperature less than or equal to 30 K; Class 505 comprises
superconductive devices which operate at a temperature higher than
30 K.
Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, appropriate subclasses for superconductive devices
operated at a temperature higher than 30 K.
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter including an electronic fast-switching device
consisting of two superconductors separated by a thin layer of insulator which
allows a low current flow therethrough by quantum mechanical tunneling.
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the switching operation depends on
a value of current that, if exceeded, may destroy the superconductivity
of the gate conductor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the switching operation is responsive
to a physical condition, such as, mechanical stress from a piezoelectric
element or light from an optical device, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the switching operation depends on
a property of a circuit that tends to oppose any change of current
because of a magnetic field associated with the current itself.
This subclass is indented under subclass 366. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit is represented
by its physical structure on a substrate with a detailed description
of the topological arrangement and connection of conductors and
components.
Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material,
Process, appropriate subclasses for superconducting devices
or circuits operating at a temperature greater than 30 K.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a circuit to minimize the time
delay at the turn-on or turn-off period, therefore increasing the
switching speed.
(1)
Note. Excluded from this subclass is electronic digital logic
switching acceleration (see search notes below).
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter including a circuit intended to avoid the
concentration of charges stored in a bipolar transistor base region,
such concentration of charges prevents the bipolar transistor from
turning on or off quickly.
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter including a circuit intended to reduce the
time interval from the occurrence of a control input for turning
on the gate to the occurrence of a current or a signal being gated to
the output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter including a circuit intended to reduce the
time interval from the occurrence of a control input for turning
off the gate to the occurrence of a current or signal being blocked at
the gate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a circuit to offset an undesired
change in the switched signal caused by the variation of a physical
condition outside of the switching circuit, for example, variation in
temperature, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a circuit to maintain signal transmission
without impairment from unwanted or unintentionally generated electrical
signals.
(1)
Note. Excluded herein are circuits which relate to signal
sensitivity or transmission integrity in an electronic digital logic
circuit. These are classified in Class 326.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit for preventing, at the
beginning of the turn-on period, an excessive current flow change
at the control terminal which could cause damage to the switching
device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit for preventing, at the
beginning of the turn-on period, an excessive potential change at
the control terminal which could cause damage to the switching device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit to alleviate detrimental
changes in the switched signal caused by the presence of inherent
non-ideal circuit elements.
(1)
Note. Such undesired elements can be modeled by well known
electrical elements, such as a capacitor or inductor and are responsible
for parasitic capacitance or parasitic inductance, respectively.
(2)
Note. Parasitic capacitance or parasitic inductance may be
compensated by using impedance matching.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit for developing an essentially
equal potential at all nodes along the transmission path of the
switched signal.
(1)
Note. Irregular potentials at different nodes along a transmission
path are caused by non-ideal transistors which tend to remain in
a partially conducting state.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter including a circuit which offsets an unwanted
oscillation (ringing) or a spurious spike due to a switch being
turned on or off.
Telegraphy,
subclasses 17 , 81, and 101+ for systems including error
prevention against contact bounce signals resulting from a key or
keyboard operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit accepts and
is responsive to a predetermined time-related signal or a periodic
signal in addition to the control signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter wherein the control signal is dependent on
or generated from a characteristic of the input signal.
(1)
Note. For example, in FET switching devices, a control signal
which is responsive to the constancy or fluctuations of an input
signal would be fed to the gate electrode to control the FET channel impedance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 387. Subject matter including another control signal which controls
the switching operation and which is independent of the characteristic
of the input signal and the first control signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes one or more
unipolar transistors characterized by having a lightly doped substrate
(e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) when an electrical field is
applied; a layer of insulating material (e.g., SiO2)
is grown over the channel surface for separating the channel from
a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier.
(2)
Note. A MOSFET or Metal-oxide field-effect transistor has
a metallic gate insulated by an oxide layer from the semiconductor
channel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter wherein the IGFET switching circuit includes
discrete, capacitive elements, or uses its inherent capacitance
to enhance its operating condition, to achieve full switching capabilities
in response to control signals.
(1)
Note. Enhancement of the performance of the switching circuit
includes boosting the DC level of the control signals for one or
more semiconductor devices, as well as boosting the attained DC
levels of individual circuit nodal locations, usually by, for example,
either a feedforward/feedback connection or a separate time-related,
pulse signal coupled via the boosting capacitor to a particular
circuit location.
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Subject matter including a unit of two enhancement mode
metal-oxide field-effect transistors, each having a channel of conductivity type
opposite that of the other (e.g., p-channel vs. n-channel) and they
are connected in series across the power supply with gates linked together.
(1)
Note. In the enhancement mode, a MOSFET is normally off with
zero gate voltage applied.
(2)
Note. Opposite channel conductivity type, as used above,
characterizes the induced channel majority carrier conduction (i.e.,
holes for p-channel and electrons for n-channel).
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein there is a recited significant time
offset between the occurrence of a gating control signal and the
actual initiation of the gating operation.
(1)
Note. Time delay network systems which control the operation
of a recited specific load circuit such as a motor, a relay, a display
system, etc., are classified elsewhere.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclasses 141+ for automatic generator control with time delay
and subclasses 445+ for motive power systems with time
delay, per se.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclass 91.3 for overvoltage protection including time delay, and
subclasses 195+ for time delay networks which control a
relay load switching operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter wherein the time offset is varied, for example,
by (1) controlling a charge/discharge device to create
different varying times, (2) changing a setting/resetting
cycle, or (3) changing the on/off time of a control element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter including a circuit having one or more devices
each having a high input impedance and low leakage, thus providing
excellent isolation between the drive signal, which is used to switch
the input signal from one part of the circuit to another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter wherein the variable or adjustable delay
is achieved by connecting the input signal to multiple delaying
elements or circuit branches.
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Subject matter wherein the plot of the current-voltage operating
characteristics of an incorporated device has a portion with a negative slope.
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter including a circuit having one or more devices
each having a high input impedance and low leakage, thus providing
excellent isolation between the drive signal which is used to switch
the input signal from one part of the circuit to another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter wherein the delay is controlled by connecting
the input signal to multiple delaying elements or circuit branches.
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter wherein a plot of the current-voltage operating
characteristics of an incorporated device has a portion with a negative slope.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter comprising at least two signal paths having
a common input and a common output, each signal path having at least
one switch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a unipolar
transistor in which current carriers are injected at a source terminal
and passed to a drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor
material whose conductivity depends largely on an electrical field
applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode (i.e., gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a three
or more electrode semiconductor device of the type having at least
two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both
majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons).
(1)
Note. Npn and pnp type transistors are conventional bipolar
transistors; each has three regions, three electrodes and two junctions.
Each of the three regions is connected externally by a terminal labeled
emitter, base, or collector.
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a vacuum
tube or a gas filled tube, in which electrical currents flow between
spaced electrodes, and in which the conduction of charged particles
(e.g., electrons or ions), takes place between these electrodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter comprising at least two signal paths having
separate inputs and a common output, each signal path having at
least one switch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a unipolar
transistor in which current carriers are injected at a source terminal
and pass to a drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor
material whose conductivity depends largely on an electrical field
applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes two
similar field-effect transistors connected in series, having two
input terminals and a common output terminal, and alternatively
transmitting input signals to the output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter wherein the push-pull circuit includes two
field-effect transistors of n-type channel and p-type channel connected
in series.
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a three
or more electrode semiconductor device of the type having at least
two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both
majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons).
(1)
Note. Npn and pnp type transistors are conventional bipolar
transistors, each has three regions, three electrodes, and two junctions.
Each of the three regions is connected externally by a terminal labeled
emitter, base, or collector.
This subclass is indented under subclass 411. Subject matter including a circuit containing two similar
bipolar transistors connected in series, having two input terminals
and a common output terminal, and alternatively transmitting input
signals to the output.
This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Subject matter including two bipolar transistors of opposite
conductivity type connected in series (e.g., npn and pnp transistors).
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a vacuum
tube or a gas filled device, in which electrical currents flow between spaced
electrodes and in which the conduction of charged particles (e.g.,
electrons) takes place between electrodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter comprising at least two signal paths having
a single input and separate outputs, each signal path containing
at least one switch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a unipolar
transistor in which current carriers are injected at a source terminal
and passed to a drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor
material whose conductivity depends largely on an electrical field
applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode (i.e., gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a three
or more electrode semiconductor device of the type having at least
two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow of both
majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons).
(1)
Note. Npn and pnp type transistors are conventional bipolar
transistors which have three regions, three electrodes and two junctions.
Each of the three regions is connected externally by a terminal labeled
emitter, base, or collector.
This subclass is indented under subclass 415. Subject matter wherein at least one path includes a vacuum
tube or gas filled device, in which electrical currents flow between
spaced electrodes and in which the conduction of charged particles
(e.g., electrons) takes place between electrodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a semiconductor device containing
three or more elements that perform one or more of the following:
(a) emit or collect electrons or holes, or (b) control the electron
or hole movements by an applied electrical field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter wherein the operation of the solid-state
device is characterized by a sudden change from high dynamic electrical
resistance to a very low dynamic resistance in a reverse biased
semiconductor devices (e.g., a reverse biased junction between p-type
and n-type semiconductor materials), wherein reverse current increases
rapidly for a small increase in reverse applied voltage, and the
device behaves as if it had negative electrical resistance.
(1)
Note. Examples of breakdown characteristic are punch-through
or tunneling. In punch-through, two adjacent diffused transistor
regions become shorted together, causing a sharp rise in current.
In tunneling, particles under certain conditions have the ability
to pass through a barrier that normally it cannot pass over because
of a required energy level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter wherein a breakdown is caused in a semiconductor
device by the field emission of charge carriers in a depletion layer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Subject matter wherein a breakdown is caused by the action
of a strong electric field which causes some free carriers to gain
enough energy to liberate new hole-electron pairs by ionization.
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including four or more solid-state devices
with their input and output terminals connected in a closed loop
to form a four arm network, and at least one solid-state device is
a transistor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter wherein at least one arm of the bridge circuit
includes a unipolar transistor in which current carriers are injected
at a source terminal and pass to a drain terminal through a channel
of semiconductor material whose conductivity depends largely on
an electrical field applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode
(i.e., gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter wherein the solid-state device is a transistor
which conducts equally in either direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the
semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a
field-effect transistor and a four layer (pnpn), three junction,
three electrode (anode, cathode, and gate) device which can be triggered
into conduction in only one direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter including a semiconductor device containing
four or more elements that emit or collect electrons or holes, or
that control their movements by an applied electrical field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter including a field-effect transistor characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type material (e.g.,
p-type), known as gate regions on both sides of a second type material
semiconductor bar (e.g., n+ type) to form a pn junction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Subject matter wherein the junction field-effect transistor
operates on the principle of the injection of very highly concentrated
majority carriers across a potential difference barrier which is
formed by the junction of a lightly doped semiconductor substrate
and a metal layer deposited thereon (i.e., Schottky gate junction).
(1)
Note. A MESFET can utilize a semiconductor device type silicon
or gallium arsenide material; however, GaAs is most frequently used.
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter including a field-effect transistor and a
semiconductor device of the type having at least two potential barriers
and having a controlled current flow of both majority and minority
carriers (i.e., holes and electrons).
This subclass is indented under subclass 432. Subject matter including a bipolar transistor and a unit
of two enhancement mode metal-oxide field-effect transistors connected
in series with their gates linked together, each field-effect transistor
has a channel of conductivity type opposite that of the other (e.g.,
p-channel vs. n-channel).
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor characterized
by having a lightly doped substrate (e.g., p-type material) into
which two highly doped regions (e.g., n+ type material) are
diffused for forming source/drain regions with the area
therebetween becoming the channel for current carriers (i.e., holes
or electrons) when an electrical field is applied and a layer of
insulating material (e.g., SiO2) is grown over
the channel surface for separating the channel from a control (i.e.,
gate) electrode.
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier.
(2)
Note. A MOSFET or Metal-oxide field-effect transistor has
a metallic gate insulated by an oxide layer from the semiconductor
channel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 434. Subject matter wherein the switching device includes a unit
of two enhancement mode metal-oxide field-effect transistors, each
having a channel of conductivity type opposite that of the other
(e.g., p-channel vs. n-channel) and they are connected in series
across the power supply with gates linked together.
(1)
Note. In the enhancement mode, a MOSFET is normally off with
zero gate voltage applied.
(2)
Note. Opposite channel conductivity type, as used above,
characterizes the induced channel majority carrier conduction (i.e.,
holes for p-channel and electrons for n-channel).
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including a semiconductor device with four
or more alternating layers of p-type and n-type material, (e.g.,
pnpn, etc.)
(1)
Note. A typical four layer device is a thyristor which is
a device comprising three or more junctions, at least one of the
junctions can switch between reverse- and forward-voltage
polarity within a single quadrant of the anode-to-cathode voltage-current
characteristics.
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter wherein a circuit built with bipolar transistors
performs the same function as a silicon controlled rectifier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter including a four layer pnpn device similar
in construction to an SCR, but which is switched into a nonconduction
state by a polarity reverse signal applied to the gate or control
electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter having more than one gate turnoff device
or having at least one GTO and another four or more layer device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter wherein distinct circuits are used to control
the turn-on and turn-off of the switching circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Subject matter wherein the control circuit includes a device
which opposes any change of current therethrough because of a resultant magnetic
field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter wherein the switching device"s power
supply has a waveform which is a periodic wave either made up of
a combination of several frequencies or several sine waves superimposed
on one another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Subject matter including a four layer, three junction device,
which can be triggered into conduction in only one direction.
(1)
Note. The formal name of an SCR is a "reverse-blocking
triode thyristor".
(2)
Note. The three SCR terminals are called anode, cathode,
and gate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially
two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled
switch for AC loads and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered
into either forward or reverse conduction (i.e., transmits AC power across
its anode-cathode) by a pulse applied to its gate electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit is power supplied
by a voltage source whose polarity changes, or alternates, with
time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter including four or more solid-state devices
with their input and output terminals connected in a closed loop
to form a four arm network, which may include another arm, called
a diagonal arm, connected across two adjacent arms of the network
between an input terminal and an output terminal and at least one solid-state
device has four or more semiconducting layers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter including a thyristor with an anode gate
in which the anode-gate voltage differential determines the conduction
or nonconduction state of the device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter including a four or more layer device which
has four terminals permitting connection to external circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter wherein the switching device is switched
or forward-biased to allow conduction of the AC power through the
device"s anode-cathode region at the point in time of the AC
operating cycle when the AC waveform crosses the zero voltage level
(i.e., moving from the negative part of the phase to the positive
part of the operating phase or vice-versa).
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially
two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled
switch for AC loads and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered
into either forward or reverse conduction (i.e., transmits AC power across
its anode-cathode) by a pulse applied to its gate electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter including a four layer, three junction device,
which can be triggered into conduction in only one direction.
(1)
Note. The formal name of an SCR is a "reverse-blocking
triode thyristor".
(2)
Note. The three SCR terminals are called anode, cathode,
and gate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a
silicon controlled rectifier combined with a three-terminal semiconductor
having only one pn junction and exhibiting a stable open-circuit
negative resistance property.
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially
two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled
switch for AC loads and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered
into either forward or reverse conduction (i.e., transmits AC power across
its anode-cathode) by a pulse applied to its gate electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter including a triac and a three layer (npn),
two terminal switching semiconductor device.
(1)
Note. A diac is also called a three layer diode, a two-lead
alternating current switching semiconductor, or a two-terminal voltage
controlled device which exhibits a bilateral negative resistance characteristic.
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Subject matter including a triac and a transistor of the
type having at least two potential barriers and having a controlled
current flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes
and electrons).
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein more than one silicon controlled
rectifier device is connected along the AC power supply path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Subject matter wherein two four or more layer devices are
connected across each other, but in opposite directions (i.e., the
cathode of one device is joined to the anode of the other device at
one common node and vice versa at the other common node).
This subclass is indented under subclass 461. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes plural
silicon controlled rectifiers and a transistor of the type having
at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current
flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons).
This subclass is indented under subclass 453. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a
silicon controlled rectifier and a transistor of the type having
at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow
of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons).
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Subject matter wherein more than one four or more layer
device is connected along the AC power supply path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit is power supplied
by a steady voltage source (i.e., its positive and negative terminals
do not change their potentials over time).
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter including a thyristor with an anode gate
in which the anode-gate voltage differential determines the conduction
or nonconduction state of the device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter including a four or more layer device which
has four terminals for connection to external circuits.
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a
silicon controlled rectifier combined with a three-terminal semiconductor
having only one pn junction and exhibiting a stable open circuit
negative resistance property.
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially
two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled
switch and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered into
either forward or reverse conduction by a pulse applied to its gate
electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter wherein more than one four or more layer
device is connected along the DC power supply path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter wherein a plurality of four or more layer
devices are successively connected, the positive terminal (anode)
of one device is joined to the negative terminal (cathode) of the immediate
adjacent device (i.e., cascade connected).
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter wherein a plurality of four or more layer
devices are connected such that all positive terminals (anodes)
are joined to a common node and all negative terminals (cathodes) are
joined to another common node.
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter having more than one four or more layer device
combined with a transistor of the type having at least two potential
barriers and having a controlled current flow of both majority and
minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons).
This subclass is indented under subclass 465. Subject matter wherein the switching circuit includes a
silicon controlled rectifier and a transistor of the type having
at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current flow
of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons).
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter including a bidirectional rectifier (essentially
two SCRs in parallel) that functions as an electronically controlled
switch and having an npnpn structure that can be triggered into
either forward or reverse conduction by a pulse applied to its gate
electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including a three terminal semiconductor
having only one pn junction and exhibiting a stable open-circuit
negative resistance property.
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Subject matter including a semiconductor device of the type
having at least two potential barriers and having a controlled current
flow of both majority and minority carriers (i.e., holes and electrons).
(1)
Note. Npn and pnp type transistors are conventional bipolar
transistors which have three regions, three electrodes, and two
junctions. Each of the three regions is connected externally by
a terminal labeled emitter, base, or collector.
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter wherein the bipolar transistor has more than
three electrodes or has particular features, such as an additional
FET gate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Subject matter wherein the bipolar transistor has at least
two emitter regions in addition to the base and collector regions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Subject matter wherein the bipolar transistor has at least
two collector regions in addition to the base and emitter regions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter which includes a circuit of two similar transistors
where their collectors are tied together and the emitter of the
first transistor is directly coupled to the base of the second transistor
such that the emitter current of the first transistor equals the
base current of the second transistor.
(1)
Note. A Darlington connection is also called a Darlington
pair, double emitter follower, or beta-multiplier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes
two similar transistors arranged in tandem, with the output of one
connected to the input of the next.
This subclass is indented under subclass 484. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes
two similar transistors arranged in a push-pull circuit which alternatively
operate to provide a single ended control output signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes
two similar transistors arranged in tandem, with the output of one
connected to the input of the next.
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes
two similar transistors arranged in a push-pull circuit which alternatively
operate to provide a single ended control output signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes
a bipolar transistor with the emitter terminal connected to a common ground
of the circuit, and the outputs at the collector terminal provide
control voltages to the switch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Subject matter wherein the control circuit relies on the
collector current matching of two transistors when connected together
base to base and emitter to emitter with one transistor having its
collector connected to its base.
(1)
Note. The collector currents are matched by having a predetermined
ratio relationship to each other. When one of the collector current
changes, the other also changes to keep the ratio relationship constant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Subject matter wherein the control circuit has a transistor
amplifier circuit configuration which is characterized by relatively
high input impedance, low output impedance, and a voltage gain of
less than unity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Subject matter wherein the switching control circuit includes
a bipolar transistor with the collector terminal connected to a
common ground of the circuit, and the outputs at the emitter terminal
provide control voltages to the switch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a semiconductor device containing
two elements that emit or collect electrons or holes, or that control
their movements by an applied electrical field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter including four two-electrode solid-state
devices with their input and output terminals connected in a closed
loop to form a four arm network.
(1)
Note. A bridge circuit may have another arm, called the diagonal
arm, which is connected across two adjacent arms of the network
between an input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter wherein a two-electrode solid-state device
is combined with another device of a different type in at least
one of the bridge arms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 494. Subject matter wherein the bridge circuit has in its diagonal
arm a specific device that requires power for functioning.
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter wherein the switch comprises a solid-state
two electrode device whose characteristic on a current-voltage plot
has a portion with a negative slope.
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter including a solid-state device whose characteristic
on a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with the current plotted
on the Y axis and voltage on the X axis) has an "N"-shape.
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Subject matter including a solid-state device whose characteristic
on a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with the current plotted
on the Y axis and voltage on the X axis) has an "S"-shape.
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Subject matter wherein the solid-state device is a four
layer threshold diode, one of whose outer layers is metal and wherein
at a predetermined reverse voltage point, junction breakdown occurs
to provide high current at very low voltages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter wherein the operation of the solid-state
device is characterized by a sudden change from high dynamic electrical
resistance to a very low dynamic resistance in a reverse biased
semiconductor device (e.g., a reverse biased junction between p-type
and n-type semiconductor materials, wherein reverse current increases
rapidly for a small increase in reverse applied voltage, and the
device behaves as if it had negative electrical resistance).
(1)
Note. An example of the breakdown characteristic is zener
breakdown which is caused by the field emission of charge carriers
in the depletion layer of the semiconductor device. When breakdown
occurs, the electric field intensity in the material has become
so great that electrons are effectively "ripped" from the
valency bonding system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter including a two layer region (p and n), two
electrode, single junction semiconductor device which has an intrinsic
semiconductor (i.e., one with no dopants) sandwiched between a p-type
layer, and an n-type layer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Subject matter wherein the solid-state device has two regions,
two terminals (anode and cathode), a single junction and conducts
electricity much more easily in one direction than in the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 504. Subject matter wherein two diodes are connected across each
other, but in opposite directions (i.e., the cathode of one device
is joined to the anode of the other device at one common node and
vice versa at the other common node).
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a vacuum or gas filled tube having
three or more electrodes in which electrical currents flow between
spaced electrodes and in which the conduction of charged particles
(e.g., electrons), takes place between the electrodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter including a vacuum or gas filled tube having
two electrodes in which electrical currents flow between spaced
electrodes, and in which the conduction of charged particles (e.g.,
electrons), takes place between electrodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 507. Subject matter including four two-electrode electron tubes
with their input and output terminals connected in a closed loop
to form a four arm network.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the operation of the circuit or system
depends upon some externally applied force or field such as radiation, light,
heat, sound, mechanical pressure, etc., or where compensation for
the effects of such externally applied force or field is provided.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes),
subclasses 414+ for active solid-state devices, per se, responsive
to a non-electrical signal.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, appropriate subclasses (e.g.,
subclasses 116+ , 401+, 650+, etc.) for transmission
or interconnection systems which are condition responsive.
Amplifiers,
subclass 4.8 for gyromagnetic parametric amplifiers, subclass
6 for amplifiers with Hall effect type means, subclass 8 for saturable
reactor type amplifiers, subclasses 47+ for magnetically
influenced discharge device amplifiers, subclass 60 for magnetrostrictive
type amplifiers and subclass 63 for amplifiers with magnetic means
generally.
Oscillators,
subclasses 5 and 86+ for magnetron oscillators, subclasses
6, 83, and 84 for Klystron oscillators and subclass 67 for oscillators
with electromagnetic or electrostatic shielding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter wherein a magnetic field is applied to a
current carrying conductor and use is made of the voltage which
is produced between opposing edges of the conductor and which is
perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field.
Oscillators,
subclass 66 for a temperature controlled oscillator and subclass 70
for oscillators with temperature modifiers and see the search notes thereunder.
Thermal Measuring and Testing,
subclass 163 for a thermal sensor with quantitative indicator
and subclass 178 for an electrical thermometer having a barrier
layer sensing element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 512. Subject matter wherein circuit anomalies resulting from
variations in ambient thermal conditions are counterbalanced.
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Subject matter wherein plural light effect elements are
arranged into a matrix having defined rows and columns.
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter wherein an element of a circuit or system
is responsive to the application of physical energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 509. Subject matter wherein the operation of a circuit or system
is modified by the approach of or slight contact with a physical
object.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a controlling means is a nonlinear
device, circuit, or system which specifically controls the delivery
of current or power to a load device connected to its output terminal
in response to a control signal applied to its input terminal.
(1)
Note. A load device as included in this subclass may include
any load which is so broadly claimed as not to restrict the system
to any specific class or subclass. Where a specific load device
is claimed, classification will be in the particular class wherein
the art device comprising the specific load device is to be found.
(2)
Note. Systems not especially concerned with the delivery
of current or power to the load device, but concerned instead with
the control of a circuit parameter such as phase, frequency, or
amplitude are excluded from this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter wherein the output of the nonlinear device,
circuit, or system is connected to a multiple of controlled load
devices.
(1)
Note. Systems where current or voltage is applied to plural
output loads selectively or successively as a result of a scanning
operation are excluded from this subclass and will be found elsewhere
in the class.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 34+ for plural diverse or diversely controlled electric
motors, with systems of electrical supply or control for one or
more electric motors where the electric motor is claimed in combination
with such systems or control and the electric motor as claimed constitutes
the ultimate load.
Oscillators,
subclasses 2 and 46+ for plural oscillator systems
which may have plural loads and subclass 60 for a single oscillator
system with plural output circuits.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 191+ for miscellaneous electric circuits controlling
a plurality of relay or electromagnetic load devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter wherein the controlling means is constituted
by a plurality of active components such as transistors, amplifiers,
or space discharge devices.
(1)
Note. Active components are components in a circuit which
have gain or direct current flow, such as transistors, amplifiers,
thyristors, electron tubes, or tunnels diodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter wherein a pair of active components in the
controlling means circuit are connected side-by-side in differing
directions between two circuit nodes.
(1)
Note. For example, for a pair of electron tubes to be connected
in inverse parallel, the anode of one device is connected to the
cathode of another device and vice versa.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 227 and 291 for voltage magnitude control systems with
plural electric discharge devices reversely connected in parallel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Subject matter wherein the active components include an
electronic tube into which a small amount of gas or vapor is introduced
after the tube has been evacuated.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses for system wherein a gaseous space
discharge tube is the ultimate load or controls a space discharge load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter wherein the controlling means includes an
electronic tube into which a small amount of gas or vapor is introduced
after the tube has been evacuated.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses for system wherein a gaseous space
discharge tube is the ultimate load or controls a space discharge load.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear device, circuit, or system
has a particular structure, arrangement, or construction that is
not classifiable elsewhere.
(1)
Note. This subclass and the indented subclasses contain subject
matter which is neither sufficiently comprehensive nor possessive
of sufficiently significant structure so as to be classified with
a specific external area.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 3+ and 32+ for combined tube and circuit
element structure, subclasses 5.18+ and 5.24+ for
reflex type beam tube circuits, and subclasses 88+ for
automatic space discharge device substitution systems.
Amplifiers,
subclass 3 for amplifiers with plural diverse amplifying devices,
subclasses 4, 5, 43, 45, 47, and 49 wherein the internal tube structure
forms part of the amplifier control circuit, subclasses 41, 42,
44+, and 64 for amplifier systems utilizing tubes of particular
construction, subclasses 51, 52, 65+, and 127+ for
systems that may include tube substitution; subclasses 87+,
and the search notes thereto, for cathode follower amplifier systems;
and subclasses 127+ for amplifier bias voltage control
systems.
Oscillators,
subclasses 5 , 6+, 103, 126+, and 184 for oscillator
systems utilizing tubes of particular construction; subclass 49
for oscillator substitution systems; subclass 84 for beam tube oscillators
of the reflex type; subclasses 79+, 86+, 92+,
and 103 wherein the internal tube structure may form part of the
oscillator control circuit; and subclass 186 for oscillator bias
voltage regulation.
Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems,
and Elements,
subclasses 100+ for subject matter of this subclass (524) when
utilized in connection with plasma in the generation of thermonuclear
reactions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein an element burns out or is destroyed
(i.e., is open circuited) in an interconnection or integrated circuit
structure component when applied current or voltage exceeds a predetermined
limit.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclass 96 for fusible links relating to programmable read-only memory
and subclass 200 for eliminating "bad bit" information
associated with read/write circuits.
Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,
subclasses 467 , 600, and 601 for methods of altering the conductivity
of a fuse or antifuse element associated with a semiconductor integrated
circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein there is a duplication of components,
devices, circuits, elements, etc., such that a duplicate will assume
operation upon failure of the original.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter including a particular circuit which operates
at temperatures which are approximately absolute zero (i.e., less
than or equal to 30 K) where electrical resistance becomes essentially
zero.
(1)
Note. Class 505 comprises superconductive devices which operate
at a temperature higher than 30 K.
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter wherein a current flows across a gap between
two superconductors separated by a thin layer of insulator.
(1)
Note. Under certain conditions, a voltage appears across
the gap, and high-frequency radiation emanates from it.
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter wherein a breakdown can occur within a semiconductor
device as a result of operation at temperatures approaching absolute zero
(temperatures equal to or lower than 30 K).
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein either (a) a DC bias potential other
than signal voltage is applied or maintained between two or more
electrodes in order to determine the operating point on the characteristic
curve of a device or (b) electrical power or bias voltage is applied
to a region of a nonlinear solid-state device or circuit.
(1)
Note. The claimed subject matter does not comprise significant
structure so as to limit the power supply to those provided for
in a particular art area.
(2)
Note. The systems found in this class may include means to
supply current to the anode or filament, a potential to the grid
of an electron tube (which is usually negative with respect to the
cathode), or establishing or maintaining a direct current voltage
between two elements of an electron tube.
(3)
Note. Claimed subject matter having biasing on and off wherein
a switched input is identical to the output will be classified in
subclasses 365+.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 18+ , 31+, and 43+ for plural power
supplies, and subclass 150 for miscellaneous power packs, per se.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, Systems,
subclasses 1+ for cathode-ray tube power supply circuits, subclasses
86+ for power supply systems for space discharge devices,
in general, with automatic substitution in the power supply, subclasses
137+ for polyphase AC supply circuits, subclasses 160+ for
plural power supplies, subclasses 200+ for circuits having
a discharge device and/or rectifier in the supply circuit, subclass
209 for circuits having a periodic switch in the supply circuit, subclasses
227+ for circuits with a condenser in the supply circuit,
and subclasses 248+ for a pulsating or AC supply circuit.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 311+ for circuits that supply a regulated voltage, current
or power to a nonspecific or general load device.
Amplifiers,
subclass 113 for polyphase power supply systems, subclasses
114+ for unrectified AC power supply systems, subclasses 127+ for
amplifier tube biasing systems subclasses 199+ for power
or bias supplies, in general, and subclasses 296 and 297 having
particular power supply or biasing for linear amplifier circuits
or systems.
Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses, particularly
subclasses 13+ for rectifying or derectifying systems which may
include electron tubes and their control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein the power supply is converted from
an alternating or fluctuating input voltage or current to a direct
current or voltage via a rectifier circuit or is smoothed or integrated
by a filter circuit.
(1)
Note. The power supply may contain both AC and DC components,
and the DC component is received from the output by coupling to
a rectifier or a filter circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Subject matter wherein the conversion is accomplished via
a battery connected across or in shunt with a rectifier.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 44+ for systems wherein one source floats across another,
see particularly subclasses 46 and 48+ for floating sources
of the storage battery type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein a potential is applied to a substrate
region of a nonlinear element or solid-state device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 534. Subject matter wherein the bias or power supply level provided
to the substrate of a nonlinear element or solid-state device is
maintained constant.
(1)
Note. The stabilization may be for either voltage or current
level to compensate for adverse conditions (e.g., nonuniformity
of integrated chip structure, supply level perturbations, etc.).
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 311+ for circuits that supply a regulated voltage, current,
or power to a nonspecific or general load device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Subject matter wherein the particular substrate biasing
circuit is regulated by a significantly recited electrical circuit
arrangement for pumping electric charges (electrons (negative charges)
or protons (positive charges)) into or out of the substrate to polarize
the substrate at a negative or positive potential which is the generated
bias voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 535. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein the bias circuit or a particular
arrangement of the power supply offsets undesired changes in the
circuit signals or maintains the circuit in its normal operating state.
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter wherein a bandgap voltage of a semiconductor
material is provided as a reference to compensate for variations
of the voltage supply.
(1)
Note. Bandgap voltage is the difference in energy between
the conduction band and the valence band in a semiconductor material
(e.g., the bandgap voltage of silicon).
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter wherein a voltage supplied to the electrodes
of a space discharge device or to a solid-state device is maintained
constant at a predetermined value.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 287 for periodic types of current or voltage regulator
used with pulsating or AC supplies and subclasses 291+ for
current or voltage regulation systems where the discharge device
is the ultimate load claimed.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 227 and 291 for voltage magnitude control systems with
electron discharge devices where there is no interposed signal controlled
transducer between the original and controlled energy.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 74+ for voltage or magnitude control for current conversion systems
(e.g., rectification, derectification, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 540. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carriers (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 538. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes only one type
of transistor which is a unipolar transistor in which current carriers
are injected at a source terminal and pass to a drain terminal through
a channel of semiconductor material whose conductivity depends largely
on an electric field applied to the semiconductor from a control
terminal (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carriers (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein the power supply or bias level is
reduced to conserve power or a power supply is provided for biasing
having a periodic or nonperiodic pulsing type characteristic.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 21+ for digital logic circuits or systems for improving
reception sensitivity and maintaining transmission integrity.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for subject matter limited
to particular loss of data by transmission apparatus or to the recovery
of information from error or Fault operating conditions (e.g., pulse
coded data).
This subclass is indented under subclass 545. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein a DC or AC power is selectively or
alternately supplied to the input of the circuit device.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 18+ and 43+ for plural power supplies, particularly
subclasses 23, 29, 64+, or 80+ for selective,
substitute, or alternate sources.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclasses 10+ for dynamoelectric generating apparatus, particularly subclass
25 for reed type, subclass 26 for magneto structure type, and subclasses
31+ for self actuated interrupter type current generating devices.
Amplifiers,
subclass 9 for amplifier circuits in which the input signal
is periodically interrupted or derectified, applied to the amplifier,
and then rectified and subclass 137 where an oscillator supplies
or controls bias voltage.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 15+ for inverter-rectifiers (DC to AC to DC systems),
subclasses 102+ for dynamoelectric machine current converters,
and subclasses 106+ for circuit interrupter type current
converters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein alternating or hum components in
an output of a power supply are prevented from appearing in the
output system circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 530. Subject matter wherein a filament heating circuit with specific
structure provides a current to heat the filament of an electron
space discharge tube.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein an undesired signal or group of signals
is diminished and wherein such subject matter is not elsewhere classifiable.
This subclass is indented under subclass 551. Subject matter wherein a specified frequency or a range
of frequencies of an input signal is passed or blocked by the use
of an active device.
(1)
Note. Filter circuits that do not include any active element,
such as a transistor, an amplifier, etc., and are constituted by distributed
parameters, lumped parameters, long line elements, or passive elements
(resistors, capacitors, or inductors) are excluded from this subclass
and are classified primarily in Class 333, Wave Transmission Lines and
Networks.
(2)
Note. Filter circuits involving a systematic operation on
data which results in a significant change in data are classified elsewhere.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 28 for equalizers, subclasses 165, 166, and 167+ for
frequency or time domain filters, subclass 202+ for wave
filters including long line elements.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 300+ for filtering of data by a digital calculating
computer and subclass 819 for analog computer filtering.
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein some component or parameter of a
filter circuit (such as filter resistor, filter capacitor, filter
time constant, filter amplifier gain, filter input signal, etc.)
is changeable in value by a control circuit signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter wherein a filter transfer function is determined
by a particular capacitor arrangement which is variable dependent
upon the switched connections controlled by an input clock signal.
(1)
Note. The frequency or timing of the input clock signal dictates
the characteristics and features of the signal filtering function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 553. Subject matter wherein different types of signal filtering
are selected by an applied control signal.
(1)
Note. The filter can be changed from one permitting low frequency
signals to flow through to one that only permits high frequency
signals to pass, (e.g., low pass to high pass filtering).
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein a circuit arrangement attenuates
a very narrow band of frequencies of an input signal, but will pass
frequencies on either side (i.e., higher and lower frequencies) of
the narrow band.
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein a circuit arrangement attenuates
frequencies on either side of a predetermined range of frequencies
of an input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein a circuit arrangement allows passage
of frequencies of an input signal below a predetermined threshold
frequency and blocks passage of frequencies above that threshold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter wherein a circuit arrangement allows passage
of frequencies of an input signal above a predetermined threshold
frequency and blocks passage of frequencies below that threshold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a non-linear circuit is combined
with an amplifier in which the output is not a substantial replica
of the input (e.g., the output is not linearly proportional to the
input of the circuit).
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear circuit is combined with
a stable, high-gain direct coupled amplifier that depends on an
external feedback from the output to the input of the circuit to
determine its functional characteristics (i.e., an operational amplifier).
(1)
Note. An operational amplifier classifiable in this subclass
must be combined with a source of signal energy or with a load that
constitutes a nonlinear circuit which is not sufficiently comprehensive to
be classified with a specific art area.
Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 111+ for systems which include combinations of amplifier
and loud speaker or amplifier and microphone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 560. Subject matter wherein the non-linear circuit is combined
with an amplifier having two similar input circuits so connected
as to respond to the difference between two voltages (or currents) and
effectively suppress voltages or currents which are alike in the
two signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a plurality of circuit elements or
components are formed on or in a single block of semiconductor material.
(1)
Note. The following criteria are established to distinguish
patents proper for Class 327 from patents proper for Class 257 (Active
Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes)): (a)
a claimed integrated circuit (IC) chip, per se, is classified in
Class 257; (b) a claim to lead frames, per se, is classified in Class
257 since these are only used to connect an IC chip to the external
environment; (c) an IC chip claimed in combination with a single
lead, a battery, or bias without any configuration is classified
in Class 257 since no circuitry external to the chip is claimed;
(d) an IC chip claimed in combination with an external circuit suitable
for Class 327 will be classified in Class 327 since Class 327 is higher
than Class 257 in the overall class hierarchy; (e) circuit interconnections (e.g.,
point to point, lead interconnections, diode and transistor interconnections,
etc.) within the confines of the IC chip itself are classified in
Class 257, whereas these same interconnections outside the environment
of an IC chip are classified in Class 327; (f) if a specific or
broad structure of the IC is claimed with a utility, the patent
will be classified in the utility subclass, (e.g., Class 348 (Television),
Class 365 (Static Information Storage and Retrieval), etc.); (g)
Charge Coupled Devices claimed as part of the circuitry within an IC
chip are classified in Class 257.
This subclass is indented under subclass 564. Subject matter including specific design emphasis on the
topological arrangement of the components in the circuit and the
circuit connectors.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes), appropriate subclasses for specific nonlinear solid state
devices with specific structure and especially
subclasses 202+ for integrated chip devices having active devices
arrayed in a grid.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 73+ for integrated circuit chip structural arrangements/layouts including
monitoring or testing elements.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclass 47 for multifunctional or programmable logic circuits
with specific integrated structure layout or layout interconnections
and subclasses 101+ for integrated structure layout or layout
interconnections for digital logic circuits in general.
Data Processing: Design and Analysis of Circuit
or Semiconductor Mask,
subclasses 1 through 18for the design of circuit systems and integrated
circuit structure by data processing and computer programming techniques.
This subclass is indented under subclass 565. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carriers (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a conductive, resistive, or capacitive
passive network is deposited under a form of thin patterned layer,
which is less than 5 micrometers in thickness, on a substrate to
form an electronic component that is included in a nonlinear circuit
or acts as a nonlinear element of the circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein an electron space discharge device
or a solid-state device included in the nonlinear circuit has a
negatively sloped portion in its current-voltage characteristic
plot in which an increase in voltage results in a decrease in current.
(1)
Note. Some examples of negative resistance tubes are the
dynatron and the transitron.
Oscillators,
subclass 115 for negative resistance semiconductor oscillators and
subclasses 132+ for oscillatory circuits utilizing a negative
resistance or negative transconductance tube means.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 213+ for negative resistance or reactance networks of the
active element type comprising a two terminal network.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter including a single junction three electrode
solid-state device with two of the electrodes being connected to
one region and the remaining electrode being connected to another
region wherein a signal applied to the latter electrode causes a
breakdown across the transistor junction allowing a current to flow between
the other two electrodes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter including an electron space discharge device
or a solid-state device whose characteristic on a current versus
voltage plot (i.e., with the current plotted on the Y axis and voltage
on the X axis) has an "N"-shape.
(1)
Note. A solid-state diode having modified physical properties
to reduce the amplitude of the negative slope portion of the curve
thereby providing threshold operation is classified in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter including a solid-state device whose characteristic
on a current versus voltage plot (i.e., with the current plotted
on the Y axis and voltage on the X axis) has an "S"-shape.
(1)
Note. A solid-state four layer diode, one of whose outer
layers is a metal, breaks down at a predetermined reverse voltage point
junction to provide high current at low voltages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter which includes an electron space discharge
device which relies upon the phenomenon of the release of electrons
from a structure which has been impacted by other high-velocity
electrons.
This subclass is indented under subclass 572. Subject matter wherein the secondary emissive type tube
includes multiple electrodes (i.e., dynodes) which attract electrons
freed from a light sensitive cathode and thereby increase the number
of flowing electrons.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein the nonlinear circuit includes at
least one solid-state device with more than two electrodes having
a particularly described feature.
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear circuit includes a connection
of two similar transistors where their collectors are tied together
and the emitter of the first transistor is directly coupled to the
base of the second transistor and the emitter current of the first
transistor equals the base current of the second transistor.
(1)
Note. A Darlington connection is also called a Darlington
pair, double emitter-follower or beta-multiplier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear circuit includes two
transistors that have opposite conductivity (i.e., pnp and npn)
and have matching electrical characteristics.
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein a circuit includes a three or more
electrode solid-state device which is a junction type bipolar transistor
having at least two emitter regions in addition to the base and
collector regions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein the circuit includes a three or more
electrode solid-state device which is a junction type bipolar transistor
having at least two collector regions in addition to base and emitter
regions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter wherein a concentration of minority carriers
occurring at a pn junction of a semiconductor is utilized, increased,
or avoided.
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter including a transistor having a threshold
voltage above which the applied voltage must rise before a junction
breakdown occurs allowing a current to flow across the transistor
junction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter including a unipolar transistor in which
current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a
drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose
conductivity depends largely on an electric field applied to the
semiconductor from a control terminal (gate).
(1)
Note. In a unipolar transistor, the source to drain current
involves only one type of charge carrier (i.e., holes in a p-type material
channel and electrons in an n-type material channel).
(2)
Note. Two types of FET structures are prevalent: (a) an
all-junction device, known as a junction FET or JFET characterized
by having heavily doped impurity regions of one type (e.g., p-type material),
known as gate regions, on both sides of a second type semiconductor
bar (e.g., n+ type material) to form a pn junction, and
(b) a device such as a MOSFET/IGFET, consisting of a lightly doped
substrate (e.g., p-type material) into which two highly doped regions (e.g.,
n+ type material) are diffused for forming source/drain
regions with the area therebetween becoming the channel for current
carriers (i.e., holes or electrons) and with a layer of insulating material
(e.g., SiO2) grown over the channel surface
for separating the channel from a control (i.e., gate) electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 574. Subject matter including a semiconductor device with four
or more alternating layers having different conductivities, for
example a pnpn device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter including a semiconductor device containing
two structures that emit or collect electrons or holes, or that
control their movements by an applied electrical field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter including a diode circuit having a threshold
voltage above which the applied voltage must rise before the diode
junction breaks down allowing current flow across the diode pn junction
to rise suddenly.
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter including a diode wherein minority carriers
which accumulate at the junction when the diode is forward biased
are suddenly swept away after the back biasing increases to a certain
point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter including a voltage responsive diode whose
capacitance varies as a result of changes in the space charge at
the pn junction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 583. Subject matter including four two-electrode solid-state
devices with their input and output terminals connected in a closed
loop to form a four arm network.
(1)
Note. Bridge circuits may have another arm, called a diagonal
arm, which is connected across two adjacent arms of the network,
between an input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter including a circuit wherein four electrical
elements have their input and output terminals connected in a closed
loop to form a four arm network.
(1)
Note. Bridge circuits may have another arm, called a diagonal
arm, which is connected across two adjacent arms of the network,
between an input terminal and an output terminal.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 57+ for impedance measuring bridge systems and subclasses 98+ and
101 for bridge-type electric meter systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter which achieves enhanced circuit linearity
generally by a particular signal boost feedback structure.
Amplifiers,
subclass 156 for amplifiers which use a bootstrap coupling to the
input circuit of the amplifier and in which there is a linear relationship between
the output and the input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a nonlinear circuit device includes
an electron tube which performs at least two independent operations either
simultaneously or selectively.
(1)
Note. An example for this subclass is a circuit including
a tube which may be used alternatively as a rectifier or a non-linear
amplifier, etc.
Oscillators,
subclass 58 for free running oscillators wherein the tube or tubes
of the oscillator perform other functions simultaneously with the oscillatory
function and subclass 59 for convertible oscillator systems (e.g.,
oscillator to amplifier, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit is of the distributed
network type, the capacitance, inductance and resistance of which
cannot be isolated into separate lumped capacitors, inductors, or
resistors and wherein the time factor of propagation of wave energy
in the network is appreciable.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes an
electrical interaction between a source and an input to the system,
between the output of a first electrical device and the input of
another such device, or between the input of the system and the
output of the system.
Amplifiers,
subclasses 157+ for plural stage amplifiers with interstage coupling
means, subclasses 185+ for input and subclasses 192+ for
output coupling networks.
Oscillators,
subclasses 72+ for oscillator circuits utilizing electron coupled
tube means and subclasses 74+ for oscillators with particular
output coupling network.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a network
in which there exists a path, composed of branches of the network,
between every pair of terminals of the network.
(1)
Note. Some examples of systems to be found in this subclass
are push-pull, push-push, direct, and parallel connected networks.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a circuit
capable of maintaining sustained oscillations or a resonant circuit
capable of oscillating freely upon having an impulse of energy applied
thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes an
impedance network which is provided in the input circuit of a control
grid of an electron space discharge tube whereby the conductive
state of the tube depends upon the state of the impedance network.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses for such discharge device
systems as those which control a discharge device as the ultimate
load therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a space
discharge device of special tube construction or electrode arrangement.
(1)
Note. This subclass and the intended subclasses will include
structures of the tube wherein a plurality of groups of electrodes
are contained in a single envelope, provided that there is one input
circuit and one output circuit and the entire assembly acts as a
single tube.
(2)
Note. For subject matter comprehending structural features
of electrical lamp and discharge devices with no significant control
circuit means, the search will extend to Class 313, Electric Lamp
and Discharge Devices. For subject matter comprehending special
types of electric lamp and space discharge devices combined with
control circuits whereby the conductive condition of the device
is determined and wherein no load is included, the search will extend
to Class 315, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a space
discharge device which consists of electrodes in an evacuated tube.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 281 for methods and apparatus for the ionic separation
or analysis of material (e.g., mass spectrometer), subclass 306
for the inspection of solids or liquids by charged particles (e.g.,
electron microscopes), subclasses 440.1+ for irradiated
object supports of the charged particle inspection type, and subclasses
492.1+ for the irradiation of objects or materials, generally.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclass 62 for cyclotron structure, subclasses 299, 359, and 364
for beam tube structures, and subclasses 359.1+ for the
structure of positive ion accelerators.
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Subject matter wherein a particular circuit includes a space
discharge device which consists of electrodes in a gas filled envelope
or tube.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,
subclasses 567+ for electron space discharge devices comprised
of an envelope with gas or vapor and which may have a particular
electrode arrangement.
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