Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook (External Review Draft) 2000

Note: EPA has updated this document, but this version is provided as a courtesy to the public as a matter of public record.

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Notice

This draft document has been superseded by the final Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook (Interim Report) (EPA-600-P-00-002B), September 2002).

Children are often more heavily exposed to environmental toxicants than adults. They consume more food and water and have higher inhalation rates per pound of body weight than adults. Young children play close to the ground and come into contact with contaminated soil outdoors and with contaminated dust on surfaces and carpets indoors. As another example, exposure to chemicals in breast milk affects infants and young children.

Although NCEA has published the Exposure Factors Handbook in 1997 (EPA/600/P-95/002Fa-c), which includes exposure factors and related data on both adults and children, the EPA Program Offices identified the need to consolidate all child exposure data into one document. The goal of the Child-Specific Exposure Factors Handbook is to fulfill this need. The document provides a summary of the available and up-to-date statistical data on various factors assessing child exposures. These factors include drinking water consumption, soil ingestion, inhalation rates, dermal factors including skin area and soil adherence factors, consumption of fruits and vegetables, fish, meats, dairy products, homegrown foods, breast milk, activity patterns, body weight, consumer products and life expectancy.

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