High-resolution mapping of biological resources is central to confronting the invasive species threat. Finding small populations of invasive species is particularly problematic where remote sensing is concerned. To meet the needs of invasive species science and policy communities, one must be able to identify dominant plants and vegetation structures with a reasonable ability to distinguish between species (Figure 1). Such identification is becoming possible with hyperspectral instruments at meter-scale resolutions, particularly when combined with light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology and other active sensors that can detect meter-scale vegetation structure, landforms, and soil surface properties. The USGS uses advanced geostatistical methods, many derived with NASA Earth Science Enterprise support, to integrate multiple types and scales of data (including satellite images, aerial photography, and field data of various resolutions) for mapping biological resources (Figure 2).