About Science and Engineering Indicators
Front Matter
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Overview
Chapter 1: Elementary and Secondary Education
Chapter 2: Higher Education in Science and Engineering
Chapter 3: Science and Engineering Labor Force
Chapter 4: Research and Development: Funds and Technology Linkages
Chapter 5: Academic Research and Development
Chapter 6: Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace
Chapter 7: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding
Chapter 8: State Indicators
Index
Presentation Slides
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Sidebars
Front Matter
National Science BoardLetter of Transmittal
Acknowledgments
Contributors and Reviewers
Overview
IntroductionS&T: The Global Picture
- International R&D Performance
- High-Technology Markets
- Scientific Research
- International Labor Forces, Students, and Degrees
- International Mobility
- The U.S. S&E Labor Force
- U.S. Academic R&D
- Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in Academia
- Broader U.S. R&D Trends
Chapter 1: Elementary and Secondary Education
Highlights- Student Learning in Mathematics and Science
- Student Coursetaking in Mathematics and Science
- Mathematics and Science Teachers
- Information Technology in Education
- Transition to Higher Education
- Early Formal Learning: Kindergarten Through Third Grade
- Performance of U.S. Students in Grades 4, 8, and 12
- International Comparisons of Mathematics and Science Performance
- Advanced Coursetaking in High School
- Courses Completed by High School Graduates
- Participation in AP Testing
- Summary
- Teacher Quality
- Teacher Professional Development
- Teacher Salaries
- Attrition and Mobility of Mathematics and Science Teachers
- Summary
- Trends in IT Access at School
- Trends in IT Access at Home
- IT Use at School and at Home
- Teacher Preparation for Using IT and Technical Support
- Summary
- Immediate Enrollment in Postsecondary Education
- International Comparisons
- Remedial Education for Entering College Freshmen
Glossary
References
Chapter 2: Higher Education in Science and Engineering
Highlights- Overall Trends in Enrollments and Degrees in U.S. Universities
- Financial Support of S&E Graduate Students
- Enrollment of and Degrees to Women and Underrepresented Minorities
- Enrollment of and Degrees to Foreign Students
- Global S&E Education
Structure of U.S. Higher Education
Higher Education Enrollment in the United States
Higher Education Degrees
Global Higher Education in S&E
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Chapter 3: Science and Engineering Labor Force
HighlightsIntroduction
U.S. S&E Labor Force Profile
- Section Overview
- How Large Is the U.S. S&E Workforce?
- S&E Workforce Growth
- Salary Changes as an Indicator of Labor Market Conditions
- Salaries Over a Person's Working Life
- How Are People With an S&E Education Employed?
- Metropolitan Areas
- Employment Sectors
- Educational Distribution of S&E Workers
- Salaries
- Women and Minorities in S&E
Age and Retirement
Global S&E Labor Force and the United States
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Chapter 4: Research and Development: Funds and Technology Linkages
Highlights- National R&D Trends
- Location of R&D Performance
- Business R&D
- Federal R&D
- Federal R&E Tax Credit
- Technology Linkages: Contract R&D, Public-Private Partnerships, and Industrial Alliances
- International R&D
- R&D Investments by Multinational Corporations
National R&D Trends
Location of R&D Performance
- Distribution of R&D Expenditures Among States
- Sector Distribution of R&D Performance by State
- Industrial R&D in Top States
Federal R&D
- R&D by Federal Agency
- Federally Funded R&D by Performer
- Federal Research Funding by Field
- Federal R&D Budget by National Objective
- Federal R&E Tax Credit
International R&D Comparisons
- Global R&D Expenditures
- OECD and G-7 R&D Expenditures
- Indicators of R&D Intensity
- International R&D by Performer and Source of Funds
- Industrial Sector
- Academic Sector
- Government R&D Priorities
- U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies
- U.S. MNCs and Their Overseas R&D
- Comparison of R&D Expenditures by U.S. Affiliates of Foreign Companies and Foreign Affiliates of U.S. MNCs
Glossary
References
Chapter 5: Academic Research and Development
Highlights- Financial Resources for Academic R&D
- Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in Academia
- Outputs of S&E Research: Articles and Patents
Financial Resources for Academic R&D
- Academic R&D Within the National R&D Enterprise
- Major Funding Sources
- Expenditures by Field and Funding Source
- Federal Support of Academic R&D
- An Institutional Look at Academic R&D
- Academic R&D Equipment
- Academic R&D Infrastructure
- Trends in Academic Employment of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers
- Retirement of S&E Doctoral Workforce
- Increasing Role of Women and Minority Groups
- Foreign-Born S&E Doctorate Holders
- Size of Academic Research Workforce
- Deployment of Academic Research Workforce
- Government Support of Academic Doctoral Researchers
- Worldwide Trends in Article Output
- Worldwide Trends in Scientific Collaboration
- Trends in Output and Collaboration Among U.S. Sectors
- Worldwide Trends in Citation of S&E Articles
- Citations in U.S. Patents to S&E Literature
- Patents Awarded to U.S. Universities
Glossary
References
Chapter 6: Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace
Highlights- Changing Global Marketplace
- Shifting Export Trends
- New High-Technology Exporters
- Global Trends in Patenting
- Venture Capital Investment Trends
U.S. Technology in the Global Marketplace
- Importance of High-Technology Industries to Global Economic Growth
- High-Technology Industries and Domestic Production
- Global Market Shares
- Global Competitiveness of Individual Industries
- Exports by High-Technology Industries
- Global Business in Knowledge-Intensive Service Industries
- Importance of Advanced Technology Products to U.S. Trade
- Technologies Generating a Trade Surplus
- Technologies Generating a Trade Deficit
- Top Customers by Technology Area
- Top Suppliers by Technology Area
- U.S. Royalties and Fees From All Transactions
- U.S. Royalties and Fees From Trade in Manufacturing Know-How
Patented Inventions
- U.S. Patenting
- Trends in Applications for U.S. Patents
- Technical Fields Favored by Foreign Inventors
- Patents for Biotechnologies
- Patenting of Valuable Inventions: Triadic Patent Families
- U.S. Venture Capital Resources
- U.S. Venture Capital Disbursements
- Venture Capital Investments by Stage of Financing
- Venture Capital as Seed Money
Glossary
References
Chapter 7: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding
Highlights- Overview
- Information Sources
- Public Interest in S&T
- Public Knowledge About S&T
- Public Attitudes About Science-Related Issues
Information Sources, Interest, and Perceived Knowledge
- S&T Information Sources: Television Leads Worldwide
- The Internet: An Increasingly Popular Source of S&T Information
- Public Interest in S&T
- Feeling Well Informed About S&T Issues
- Understanding Scientific Terms and Concepts
- Understanding the Scientific Process
- Belief in Pseudoscience
- S&T in General
- Government Funding of Scientific Research
- Environmental Issues
- Attitudes Toward Technology
- Biotechnology and Medical Research
- Genetically Modified Food
- Human Cloning and Stem Cell Research
- Nanotechnology
- Confidence in the Leadership of the Science Community
- Science Occupations
Glossary
References
Chapter 8: State Indicators
IntroductionElementary and Secondary Education
Higher Education
Workforce
Financial Research and Development Inputs
Research and Development Outputs
Science and Technology in the Economy
Data Selection Tool
