|
|
|
>> Plant-Wide Hazards |
|
Ropes, Cables, Slings, and Chains
|
|
Sawmill workers often use ropes, chains, or similar
devices to position or handle logs. These create additional hazards
for the workers and can make a dangerous process even more
dangerous. OSHA requires that certain measures, listed below, be taken
to address these types of hazards.
|
|
|
|
|
| Ropes, Cables, Slings and Chains |
 |
|
Hazards/Solutions:
Workers may be injured by loads that fall or
become unstable due to the unsafe usage of ropes, cables, slings,
or chains. Excessive wear or damage to the ropes or fittings may
cause a failure that results in workers being crushed by the load.
Ropes, cables, slings,
and chains must be used in accordance with safe use practices
recommended by the manufacturer. 1910.265(c)(24)(i)
Do not use an open hook in
rigging to lift any load where there is hazard from relieving the
tension on the hook from the load, or the hook catching or
fouling. 1910.265(c)(24)(ii)
Work by qualified persons. Installation,
inspection, maintenance, repair, and testing of ropes, cables,
slings, and chains must be done by qualified persons. 1910.265(c)(24)(iii)
Proper storage must be
provided for slings while not in use. 1910.265(c)(24)(iv)
Wire rope or cable
must be inspected when installed and once each week thereafter,
when in use. It shall be removed from hoisting or load-carrying
service when kinked or when one of the following conditions
exists: 1910.265(c)(24)(v)(a)
When three broken wires are found in one lay of 6
by 6 wire rope. 1910.265(c)(24)(v)(a)
When six broken wires are found in one lay of 6 by
19 wire rope. 1910.265(c)(24)(v)(a)(2)
When nine broken wires are found in one lay of 6
by 37 wire rope. 1910.265(c)(24)(v)(a)(3)
When eight broken wires are found in one lay of 8
by 19 wire rope. 1910.265(c)(24)(v)(a)(4)
When marked corrosion appears. 1910.265(c)(24)(v)(a)(5)
Wire rope of a type not described herein must be
removed from service when 4 percent of the total number of wires
are found to be broken in one lay. 1910.265(c)(24)(v)(a)(6)
Wire rope removed from service due to defects
needs to be plainly marked or identified as being unfit for
further use on cranes, hoists, and other load-carrying devices. 1910.265(c)(24)(v)(b)
The ratio between the rope diameter and the drum,
block, sheave, or pulley tread diameter needs to allow the rope to
adjust itself to the bend without excessive wear, deformation, or
injury. The safe value of drums, blocks, sheaves, or pulleys may
not be reduced when replacing such items unless compensating
changes are made for rope used and for safe loading limits. 1910.265(c)(24)(v)(c)
Drums,
sheaves, and pulleys need to be smooth and free from surface
defects liable to injure rope. Drums, sheaves, or pulleys having
eccentric bores or cracked hubs, spokes, or flanges must be
removed from service. 1910.265(c)(24)(vi)
Connections, fittings,
fastenings, and other parts used in connection with ropes and
cables must be of good quality, the proper size and strength and
must be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations. 1910.265(c)(24)(vii)
Socketing,
splicing, and seizing of cables must be performed by qualified
persons. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(a)
All eye splices must be made in an approved manner
and wire rope thimbles of proper size must be fitted in the eye,
except that in slings the use of thimbles may be optional. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(b)
Wire rope clips attached with U-bolts must have
the bolts on the dead or short end of the rope. The U-bolt nuts
need to be retightened immediately after initial load carrying use
and at frequent intervals thereafter. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(c)
When a wedge socket-type fastening is used, the
dead or short end of the cable must be clipped with a U-bolt or
otherwise made secure against loosening. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(d)
Hooks, shackles, rings, pad
eyes, and other fittings that show excessive wear or that have
been bent, twisted, or otherwise damaged must be removed from
service. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(e)
Running lines of
hoisting equipment located within 6 feet 6 inches of the ground or
working level must be boxed off or otherwise guarded, or the
operating area needs to be restricted. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(f)
There may not be less
than two full wraps of hoisting cable on the drum of cranes and
hoists at all times of operation. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(g)
Drums need to have a
flange at each end to prevent the cable from slipping off. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(h)
Bottom sheaves must be
protected by close fitting guards to prevent cable from jumping
the sheave. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(i)
The reeving of a rope must
be arranged to minimize chafing or abrading while in use. 1910.265(c)(24)(viii)(j)
Chains used in load carrying
service must be inspected before initial use and weekly
thereafter. 1910.265(c)(24)(ix)(a)
Chain needs to be normalized or annealed
periodically as recommended by the manufacturer. 1910.265(c)(24)(ix)(b)
If any three-foot length of chain is found to have
stretched one-third the length of a link, it must be discarded. 1910.265(c)(24)(ix)(c)
Bolts or nails may not be placed between two links
to shorten or join chains. 1910.265(c)(24)(ix)(d)
Broken chains may not be spliced by inserting a
bolt between two links with the head of the bolt and nut
sustaining the load, or by passing one link through another and
inserting a bolt or nail to hold it. 1910.265(c)(24)(ix)(e)
Frozen fiber rope may not
be used in load carrying service. 1910.265(c)(24)(x)(a)
Fiber rope that has been subjected to acid or
excessive heat may not be used for load carrying purposes. 1910.265(c)(24)(x)(b)
Fiber rope must be protected from abrasion by
padding where it is fastened or drawn over square corners or sharp
or rough surfaces. 1910.265(c)(24)(x)(c)
|
|
|
|
|
| Home
| Log Handling
| Log Breakdown
| Dry
Kilns
| Lumber Storage
|
| Plant-Wide Hazards
| Definitions
| Additional
References
| User
Guide
| Credits
|
|
|
|
Back to Top
www.osha.gov
